Selecting a PLC

Criteria

Number of logical inputs and outputs.

Memory
Number of special I/O modules
Scan Time
Communications
Software

PLC Communications
Serial Communications
PLC communications facilities normally provides serial transmission of
information.
Common Standards
RS 232
Used in short-distance computer communications, with the majority of
computer hardware and peripherals.
Has a maximum effective distance of approx. 30 m at 9600 baud.

11

PLC Communications
Local Area Network (LAN)
Local Area Network provides a physical link between all devices plus
providing overall data exchange management or protocol, ensuring that each
device can talk to other machines and understand data received from them.
LANs provide the common, high-speed data communications bus which
interconnects any or all devices within the local area.
LANs are commonly used in business applications to allow several users to
share costly software packages and peripheral equipment such as printers
and hard disk storage.

12

PLC Communications
RS 422 / RS 485
Used for longer-distance links, often between several PCs in a
distributed system. RS 485 can have a maximum distance of about 1000
meters.

13

 Local-area

network (LAN) A network that

connects a relatively small number of
machines in a relatively close geographical
area

15-14

 Various

configurations, called topologies,

have been used to administer LANs
Ring

topology A configuration that connects

all nodes in a closed loop on which messages
travel in one direction

Star

topology A configuration that centers

around one node to which all others are
connected and through which all messages are
sent

Bus

topology All nodes are connected to a

single communication line that carries
messages in both directions
15-15

Figure 15.2 Various network topologies

bus technology called Ethernet has become the

industry standard for local-area networks

15-10

 Metropolitan-area

network (MAN) ) A
network that connects two or more localarea networks over a potentially large
geographic distance
Wide-area network (WAN
The communication infrastructures that have
been developed in and around large cities
Often one particular node on a LAN is set up to
serve as a gateway to handle all
communication going between that LAN and
other networks

Communication between networks is

15-17

 The

Figure 15.5 The layers of the OSI Reference Model

15-18

International
Organization for
Standardization (ISO)
established the Open
Systems
Interconnection (OSI)
Reference Model
Each layer deals with a
particular aspect of
network
communication

 Open

Systems Interconnection model

7 layer theoretical model of how a protocol
stack should be implemented

4123702 Data Communications

System @YRU

19

OSI model

4123702 Data Communications

System @YRU

20

 Session

layer: network dialog controller; establish,

maintain, and synchronize communications between
systems
Presentation layer: To handle the syntax and
semantics of the information exchange between the
two systems.
data

translation
encryption/decryption
compression
These

duties are often handled by other layers now,

hence the Internet model

4123702 Data Communications

System @YRU

21

Figure 2-9

Summary of OSI model

4123702 Data Communications

System @YRU

22

 Many

PLC manufacturers are embedding web

servers into their equipment, even at the
micro and nano levels.
Not only web connectivity make it possible to
monitor a control system from anywhere it
also things like system manuals to be saved
for future use.

15-23

 The

issue of security is at the uppermost and

intruders must be kept at bay
A number of approaches have been
developed to deal with this problem

15-24

 Sketch

star,semistar and bus networks for

the work cell .Robot 1 takes part from the
input conveyer and put them in the lathe.
When the lathe is through turning, parts are
put onto the conveyer 1 or 2 by robot 1
depending upon the part no. While moving
on output conveyer 1,the part is checked by
a vision inspection.For conveyer 2 the part is
removed from the conveyer by robot
2,machining by a mill and returned to the
conveyer by robot 2.at the end of output
conveyers 1 and 2,robot 3 puts finished parts
in boxes on the output conveyer 3
15-25