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Do we stand then on the words of Celsus and look no further for the
understanding that claims adding a satan to ones faith is equal to adding
another God? Although insightful, the words of a second century rhetorician
who was not known to be a follower of Messiah are not to be the foundation
for our understanding. A good foundation for this topic is to consider the
words of the Creator spoken to Moses as given in the Torah. hese words
were given upon the occasion of God explaining to Moses the purpose in
bringing plagues on the Egyptians and mocking all their gods in order to
bring the Israelites out of their bondage in Egypt. In Deuteronomy 4:35 and
39 below, while on the brink of stepping into the Promised Land after 40
years of wandering in the wilderness, Yahweh says;
Unto thee it was shewed, that thou mightest know that Yahweh he
is God; there is none else beside him. Deuteronomy 4:35
Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the
LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath:
there is none else. Deuteronomy 4:39
here is none else besides Him! What an absolutely powerful and clarion
statement. Some could see this statement as an arrogant taunt aimed at
diminishing the plethora of gods that are utilized by many polytheistic,
spiritual types. How can anyone say there is only One God? hat statement
could also be seen to mean, that Yahweh is saying there are no other Gods,
that is to say, deity type personalities who work in the lives of the people and
work through the creation to aect the universe and enact the divine plan.
One less often considered possibility in this statement is that it may be possible
Yahweh is attempting to teach His followers there is no other supernatural
force but Him.
At the time of this statement, the Israelites who were privy to His
deliverance, protection and Torah, had just spent a couple of hundred years
in bondage in Egypt and they had not known the name of God as it was
rst revealed to Moses on the Holy Mountain from the burning bush. We
are told of this in Exodus 6 when Yahweh dramatically introduces Himself
to Moses;
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Quoted from page 143, he Origin of Satan, by Elaine Pagels, the Celsus quotes are
referenced to Origen, Contra Celsum 6.42
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the heathen are gods. he Hebrew language uses the term Elohim in the
following verse;
And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations, and ye shall
be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall
lead you. And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands,
wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.
Deuteronomy 4:27-28
he fact remains though, that the Gods of opposing religions, which would
be called demons by many, meet the criteria required to be given the status
of a God. Any who agree that another religions Gods are to be considered
as their religions demons, are precariously positioning themselves to be seen
as one who does not believe what Yahweh says of Himself. Frequently the
Creator God told us in Scripture that He is the Only God. Justin Martyr is
quoted in he Origin of Satan by Elaine Pagels, saying that the Gods of his
past are now allies of Satan;60
For Justin, conversion changed all this. Every god and spirit he
had ever known, including Apollo, Aphrodite and Zeus, whom he
had worshipped since childhood, he now perceived as allies of
Satan.-.
Justin saw the universe of spiritual energies, which pious pagan
philosophers called daimons, as, in his words, foul daimons. 61So
Justin says,
We, who out of every race of people, once worshipped Dionysius
the son of Semele, and Apollo the sons of Leto, who in their
passion for human beings did things which it is shameful even to
mention, who worshipped Persephone and Aphrodite or some
other of those who are called gods, now through Jesus Christ,
despise them, even at the cost of death. We pity those who
believe such things, for which we know that the daimons are
responsible. 62
We see then that Justin testies to the concept of the gods of other
nations being viewed as demons by the Christian nations. One is able to see
the unchallenged power of the only God, Yahweh, when He brought plague
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judgments on the Egyptians who had multiple gods, one of which was the
god Set-an, who is understood to have been a forerunner of the current Satan.
In an internet article by David Padeld, we are told of the numerous gods of
Egypt and told of Yahweh proving them to be no gods at all in His acts of
the plagues. he use of the gods was complicated for the Egyptian. Egyptian
polytheism was so prolic and weighty, that an Egyptian would have trouble
guring out which god to pacify in the event that it was believed that a god
was angry. he confused Egyptian would work diligently to ensure he or she
was not doing anything to anger the gods if at all possible. However, due
to the huge number of gods utilized by the Egyptians, the chance of angering
one god by performing an action to please another god was often a concern.
Yahweh wanted to make Himself clearly known as the only God, the God
that controls all things and even has the power over life and death as was
seen through the unfortunate but necessary plague of death where the angel
of death was the angel of the LORD.
Here are some excerpts from Padelds excellent article, take note as you
read how many Gods and how specic the portfolio of each of the false gods
was as we see the directness of Yahweh in also being very specic to confront
each god individually;
Against All The Gods Of Egypt (#1)
by David Padeld63
In all likelihood, the rst nine plagues were similar to plagues that
have stricken the land of Egypt from the dawn of time. It appears
as though God Divinely intensied these plagues and brought
them to pass at the time of His choosing.
These plagues were not just against Pharaoh and his people, but
also "against all the gods of Egypt" (Exo. 12:12). Every one of the
plagues was a direct insult to the gods of Egypt. It has been my
observation that many people study the plagues and focus only
on the plague itself, and totally ignore that fact that these plagues
were directed "against all the gods of Egypt" (Exo. 12:12).
First Plague: Water Changed To Blood (Exo. 7:14-25)
The Nile was the heartbeat of Egypt -- all trade, commerce, and
crops depended upon the Nile. In the rst plague the water of the
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here either is a tendency to believe Yahweh does not bring evil on anyone
but that He is only allowing it, or the alleged fallen angel is responsible for
orchestrating it. It is so dicult to accept that the loving God, who is revealed
in the incarnate Yeshua, could inict evil on a people. Aside from Isaiah 45:7
where Yahweh tells us He creates evil, the scriptures are replete with accounts
of the evil, being directly inicted on the recipients from Yahweh. Below are
merely a couple of examples that clearly portray the concept of Yahweh as the
source of evil as well as the source of good. In the following two references,
we see the rst, evil is being put on those who hate His people and nation
and in the second, the evil is being inicted upon His people for transgressing
the covenant. I have added the emphasis that identies clearly that the evil
was placed upon the recipients by Yahweh
And Yahweh will take away from thee all sickness, and will
put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest,
upon thee; but will lay them upon all them that hate thee.
Deuteronomy 7:15
Therefore it shall come to pass, that as all good things are come
upon you, which Yahweh your God promised you; so shall
Yahweh bring upon you all evil things, until he have destroyed
you from off this good land which the LORD your God hath given
you.
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heretic label Marcion received, the keepers of true monotheism gradually had
their Scripturally based philosophy polluted with the mythologically based
ideology of Marcion and other Greek thinkers.
It is surprising to see that so many today believe a similar philosophy
to Marcions in thinking that Yahweh does not do evil acts. he Scriptures
testify otherwise and along with Isaiah 45:7 and Amos 3:6, there are many,
many instances where Yahweh either promised to inict evil on people or
in fact does inict evil upon people. After all, is not the Angel of Death
a manifestation of God performing evil or at the very least the implement
of evil in the hands of a just God? One does not have to dig very deep to
come to terms with the fact that without a doubt, there were some rstborns
in Egypt who were innocent in their knowledge of the true God. hat they
died the night of the rst Passover does not portray the picture of kindness
upon the recipient. Tradition amplies this evil act by testifying that there
were numerous Hebrew rstborns that died that night because of the failure
of certain families to apply the lambs blood to their homes in the prescribed
manner. hese acts of callous killing would be dicult to see as acts of
kindness. Evil was created by God and a cosmic satan had nothing to do
with it. he biblical account does not lie when the text attributes the angel of
death to Yahweh and not Satan.
Lets explore the Angel of Death concept for a few moments. he phrase
Angel of Death may not be an exact biblical term, but it has come to be seen
as a term for the death angel that went through Egypt on the rst Passover
and slew all the rstborn males of Egypt, both humans and animals. he
Jewish Heritage Online Magazine has a few interesting things to say about
the angel of death. he JHOM even translates a passage in Isaiah 37, which
refers to Yahweh killing thousands of Assyrians with the Angel of Death.
he verse from Isaiah is quoted below and comments from the JHOM article
follow;
And the Angel of Death went out and attacked the Assyrian
camp;
One hundred eighty-ve thousand.
And when they arose in the morning, they were all dead
bodies. (Isaiah 37:36)
While Jewish monotheism rejected the polytheistic concept of a
specic deity responsible for death on earth (as was popular, for
example, among the Canaanites), remnants of the polytheistic
inuence is evident in biblical descriptions of God's host of
angel servants in general, and of the angel of death in particular.
The "Angel of the Lord" who smites human beings is called
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Just to reiterate the sentence I have in bold type above, it was in post
biblical times that the Angel of Death emerged as an independent being
and was not independent at all in the prior periods of history. he belief that
Satan can literally kill, has led millions to believe that he is an angel of Death
yet the Scriptures show it is Yahweh who is or sends the Angel of Death. he
Creator Himself has told us in Deuteronomy that He is the one who kills.
See ye, now, that I--I am He, And there is no god with Me: I put
to death, and I keep alive; I have smitten, and I heal; And there is
not from My hand a deliverer, Deuteronomy 32:39
When Yahweh s angel went through the land of Egypt, it certainly was
not an angel of life. Could it have been an angel of bad news or an angel of
discipline for a disobedient Pharaoh? Of course, it is quite clear in the biblical
account that this was Gods angel and it did indeed bring death. here is no
mistaking, that all those who chose not to display their faith in the God of
Abraham through their act of smearing blood on the doorposts and lintels
of their homes, would die by the hand of God. his selective culling was
meted out by the death angel that was sent through the land and Yahweh was
completely and utterly at the helm of this activity. Yahweh desired that only
He would get the glory or credit for such an act of judgment and calamity.
After all, Yahweh is the creator of evil and there is none like him in all the
earth. If Isaiah 45:7 and Exodus 9:14 are true, then evil can come from no
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Excerpt taken from document titled Angel of Death, which can be found at; http://
www.jhom.com/topics/angels/death.htm
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other supernatural source and Yahweh is responsible for every evil act aside
from the evil that proceeds from the rebellious heart of man.
From very ancient times, it was understood that the gods would and
could bring good and would and could bring evil on their servants if the god
saw it as needed. he ancient Hebrew writing of Job expresses Jobs knowledge
that the evil that had befallen him, had come from Yahweh. Early in the story
we are told of satan, an adversary, aicting Job, however the end of the tale
concludes that it was Yahweh who had brought Job to within striking distance
from total destruction. We are not told that Job was wrong in telling his wife
that it is acceptable to receive evil at the hand of Yahweh as well as good, but
he makes his factual statement to correct his wife for asking Job not to be so
accepting of his tribulations. Notice where blame/credit is laid for Jobs woes
in the verse below.
But he said unto her, Thou speakest as one of the foolish women
speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and
shall we not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips.
Job 2:10
hen again, in chapter 42, the narrator of Jobs story explains the evil that
had befallen Job had come from Yahweh.
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Then came there unto him all his brethren, and all his sisters,
and all they that had been of his acquaintance before, and did
eat bread with him in his house: and they bemoaned him, and
comforted him over all the evil that the LORD had brought upon
him: every man also gave him a piece of money, and every one
an earring of gold.
Job 42:11 KJV
his is such a telling picture of where evil comes from. I for one believe
all the Scripture in its original language, context, and authorial intent can be
correctly understood and shown to be true. hat said, one must conclude that
if there is a God then He must be culpable for the evil and the good.
he dilemma we will work to understand is the puzzling question of who
the adversary in Job is. A thorough explanation to this question is shared
in an upcoming chapter (Chapter 10) which is fully devoted to this question.
he adversary is learned to be two fold; it was man as an adversary and it was
God as an adversary. herefore, man and God are the Satan of Job. We learn
through the Scriptures that satan the adversary, is either another human
being who takes up a position against us or it is a manifestation of Yahweh
Himself or His angel, dispatched for the purposes of enacting judgment or
testing us. Yahweh often tests His people to determine their loyalty and love
towards Him, as is seen in Deuteronomy 13.
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Thou shalt not hearken unto the words of that prophet, or that
dreamer of dreams: for the LORD your God testeth you, to know
whether ye love the LORD your God with all your heart and with
all your soul.
Ye shall walk after the LORD your God, and fear him, and keep
his commandments, and obey his voice, and ye shall serve him,
and cleave unto him.
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In the above passage, there was no mention of evil coming from a cosmic
Satan. Very signicant points are seen in Deuteronomy that support the
case of evil coming from Yahweh or evil being an act of the will of a
human. Firstly, we see that this passage is about the false prophet, a man.
One who speaks to encourage us to go after other Gods. his is the equivalent
to discouraging someone from following the dictates, which includes the
commands, ordinances, and statutes, of the One God. In that passage the
prophet/dreamer, gives a sign or wonder that comes to pass. hey are not
directing us toward Yahweh, the only God, by the sign or wonder they enact
but are directing us to go after other gods. We are told not to listen to that
prophet/dreamer because Yahweh is testing us by the false prophets words.
God wants to see if we love Him with all our being and will not go after some
false prophets Gods who did not bring us out of the bondage of Egypt.
In verse ve, we see the false prophet/dreamer has spoken to turn us
away from Yahweh. Now here it is very clear that it is referring to a man who
is intending to turn me away from God, there is nothing in this statement
to have me believe there is a supernatural, cosmic Satan trying to turn me
away from God. he deceiver is a man and it is God who uses the deceptive
person to test those who claim they are wanting to be loyal to Yahweh. It is
solely the actions of a human false prophet, being used by Yahweh to test
us, which is the active force in trying to turn us from Yahweh. Our part in
this three-act play is to not hearken to that false prophet/dreamer but to seek
after and follow God only. he entire structure of this passage only addresses
three entities. hey are Yahweh, the human false prophet, and the human
conscience, responsible for choosing whether or not one will go after other
gods or go after Yahweh. his mode of operations is characteristic of Yahweh
right from the beginning of time. In the beginning, Yahweh caused the tree of
the knowledge of good and evil to be placed before the rst man and woman,
and their obedience and loyalty was tested. In telling about the false prophet,
we are to understand that Yahweh is placing a test before His people through
the false prophet with signs and wonders
Testing comes by way of choices. Choices come by Yahweh providing
them. When a person is challenged to choose between good or evil or between
the false prophets words and the truth, that is a test for that person. Often
an evil consequence is the result of choosing the evil that is placed before us.
his evil consequence can be called a curse. It is very clear who sets the curses
before Israel. he curses are equivalent to evil coming from Yahweh and here,
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once again He places the evil before the children of Israel. Death and evil,
testing and opportunity, to choose sin come from God.
I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I have
set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore
choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live:
Deuteronomy 30:19 KJV
here is no indication that the curses will come from some type of a
cosmic Satan, but the curses are clearly from the Father and they come upon
us as a result of our own choice for evil and death. Every choice we make
in our faith walk and in life has a result or a consequence. Yahweh wants to
teach us that we must grow to the place where it is a choice to serve Him.
It is not good for us to ippantly expect we are in good standing with the
Creator if we dont consciously choose the blessing. If we are not choosing
life and blessing, then death and cursing will be the default choice. Once
again, Yahweh is placing the equivalent of the tree of Knowledge of Good and
Evil before His children and saying in a sense, I love you, and I want you to
choose to love me back. I have given you the formula to show that you love
me and want to serve me, now it is up to you to choose. If we choose death
and cursing we will obviously be the recipients of what many would call evil.
In Exodus 2066 we are told there is a blessing to a thousand generations for
those who love God and keep His commandments.
Scripture does not indicate in any way that there is a Satan who is
causing us to go after other Gods. he one attempting to get us to go after
other gods is a man according to Deuteronomy 13. And if we do go after
another god, then we are choosing death - and evil in the form of cursing
from Yahweh will be what comes upon us.
Thou shalt not hearken unto the words of that prophet, or that
dreamer of dreams: for the LORD your God proveth you, to know
whether ye love the LORD your God with all your heart and with
all your soul. Deuteronomy 13:3 KJV
he patterns that reveal themselves in the Torah and the rest of the
Hebrew Scriptures show that evil is brought on man as an act of the Creator
and is brought as a response to man for His choices that are contrary to the
choice to serve Yahweh and to love Him with all his heart soul and strength.
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King Saul was the recipient of an evil spirit, which did not originate from a
cosmic Satan, but the Scripture is very clear the evil spirit came from God.
(See 1st Samuel 16 or the next chapter) We see this stated of the evil Spirit
sent between Abimelech and the men of Shechem in Judges 9:23 and then six
times the evil spirit that is foisted upon Saul is said to be from God. It is very
clear that the evil entity is from Yahweh and there is no indication, inference,
nor reference to a Satanic entity who is able to, nor does in any way, foist
the evil upon Saul. It was because of Sauls anti-God behavior that the evil
spirit was sent from Yahweh to Saul.67
Choosing to believe that evil comes from an entity other than Yahweh is
a failure to believe that there is only one God. he monotheistic faith of the
Messiah and in the Messiah who was God in the esh chooses to dismiss all
notions of otherworld cosmic deities, whether derived from ancient mythology
or some form of Neo-paganism. hese imaginations of mens minds are seen
as nothing and as not existing at all. his must be so if the words of Yahweh
in His Torah are true when He says, I am God there is none else, there is none
like me.
In the next chapter, we will take a close look at the evil spirits that Yahweh
has sent upon individuals at dierent points in the biblical narrative. In doing
so, one will be able to cement even more securely the concept that evil spirit
inhabitation occurs from God and not in the sense of demonic possession
as an act of Satans will as many have believed throughout history.
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he evil spirit as told to come from Yahweh is not only found in 1 Samuel 16 and 18. We
also see an occurrence of the evil spirit coming from Yahweh in Judges 9:23 KJV hen God
sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt
treacherously with Abimelech:
I am only mentioning it here as an added reference to the concept for the reader.