10/10. HWAW! CAREER!

except next time

place your names as well.
Class No. 05, 17

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Proboscidea
Family: Elephantidae
Scientific name: Elephas maximus
Common name: Asian elephant

IMPORTANCE

Play an important role in the forest and savannah ecosystems. Referred as a

keystone species that are vital to long-term survival of ecosystems.
Regarded as gods in some civilizations and symbols of royalty
It helps to open up forest clearings and distribute the seeds of trees and shrubs
Individuals can be trained to reliably form a wide variety ot tasks. They are also
used for transportation.

DISTRIBUTION: South India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra Island

conservation status: endangered

TYPES OF LOCOMOTION: Graviportal

TYPE OF GAIT: Unguligrade
FEEDING HABIT: Graminivore, folivore
ACTIVITY PATTERN & SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: Crepuscular & Gregarious
ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR:
See well at close range
Have excellent ability to discriminate auditory signals
Used eight basic sounds in a variety of contacts (low frequency long distance calls
maintain contact among separate herd members; close range high-pitched calls as
mood indicators; loud trumpeting indicates alarm; low snorts indicate changes in the
immediate environment serving for alerting signals)
Their tusks are used for a variety of purposes. They are left or right-tusked just as
humans are left or right handed.
When in danger they run with their tails help up to signal the other members of the
herd.

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mephitidae
Scientific name: Mydaus marchei
Common name:
Palawan Stink Badger

IMPORTANCE

Regulate populations of invertebrates upon which it feeds.

Aid in aeration of soil through its foraging behavior

DISTRIBUTION: Busuanga, Calauit, and Palawan Islands

conservation status: vulnerable

TYPES OF LOCOMOTION: Semifossorial

TYPE OF GAIT: Digitigrade
FEEDING HABIT: Insectivorous, Vermivore
ACTIVITY PATTERN & SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: Nocturnal and Gregarious

ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR

Walk is ponderous but maintained a steady trot for 91m
Walks with left and right quite apart, with hind feet falling into steps of front feet
Respond to human presence by freezing. One individual feigned death when first touched
and allowed itself to be carried until finally squirting a jet of yellowish fluid from its anal
gland. Anal scent is pungent.

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Pilosa
Family: Megalonychidae
Scientific name: Choloepus didactylus
Common name: Two-toed sloth

IMPORTANCE

and why is this

important?

Sloth fur host two species of symbiotic cyanobacteria

DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru

conservation status: lower risk/ least concern

TYPES OF LOCOMOTION: Sloth movement

TYPE OF GAIT: Digitigrade
FEEDING HABIT: Browser
ACTIVITY PATTERN & SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: Nocturnal & Solitary

ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR

Descends from the forest canopy only to defecate or change trees

Movement on the ground is slow, awkward and may expose to predation.
They do not shiver
Curved claws allow them to hang upside-down from branches without effort

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Hipposideridae
Scientific name:
Hipposideros cyclops
Common name:
Cyclops Leaf-nosed bat

IMPORTANCE

Play important ecological roles in prey and predatior, seed dispersal, pollination, material and
nutrient distribution
Economic value of bats to agriculture. Bats provided non-toxic pest control services.

DISTRIBUTION: West Africa

conservation status: lower risk/ least concern

TYPES OF LOCOMOTION: true flying

TYPE OF GAIT: (Volant mammal)
FEEDING HABIT: Insectivorous
ACTIVITY PATTERN & SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: Nocturnal and Gregarious

ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR:

Captives did not adjust well to being handled.
Voracious eaters, filling their cheeks rapidly with mealworms, which they chewed
while on safe perch.

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Carnivora
Family: Lemuridae
Scientific name: Lemur catta
Common name: ring-tailed lemur

IMPORTANCE

Seed dispersal since they feed on fruits

DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar

conservation status: near threatened

TYPES OF LOCOMOTION: Scansorial

TYPE OF GAIT: Digitigrade
FEEDING HABIT: Frugivore, Browser
ACTIVITY PATTERN & SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: diurnal, crepuscular & gregarious
ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR
Olfactory communication. Use of scent marking varies by age, sex, and social
status
Auditory communication. Used to maintain group cohesion.

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Lagomorpha
Family: Leporidae
Scientific Name: Sylvilagus aquaticus
Common Name: swamp rabbit

IMPORTANCE

Herbivory influences plant ecology

Significant prey in its ecosystem
Hunted for fur and meat in the United States

DISTRIBUTION

found along the coast of North America in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and in portions of
Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Tennessee, Georgia and South Carolina
conservation status: lower risk/ least concern

TYPE OF LOCOMOTION: Saltatorial- ricochetal

TYPE OF GAIT: Digitigrade
FEEDING HABIT: Grazer
ACTIVITY PATTERN & SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: diurnal, crepuscular & gregarious
ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR
exhibits coprophagy
excellent swimmers

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Carnivora
Family: Hyaenidae
Scientific Name: Hyaena hyaena
Common Name: Striped Hyaena

IMPORTANCE

most abundant large carnivore in the ecosystem, such as Africa

keystone predator in many ecosystems, elimination may lead to multiple events affecting trophic
levels that may lead to the destruction of the habitat
understanding their unique immune response may be very useful in the future

DISTRIBUTION

Extends from North and East Africa through Arabia and Asia Minor to India
Conservation Status: Lower Risk: conservation dependent

TYPE OF LOCOMOTION: cursorial

TYPE OF GAIT: digitigrade
FEEDING HABIT: carnivore- meat-eaters
ACTIVITY PATTERN AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: crepuscular; gregarious
ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR
Makes a haunting, laughing-like call usually to signal submission to the opposite
sex
Exhibit a peculiar greeting by having both individual raise their hind leg nearest to
the other and lick the others anogenital part. It is characterized with an erect
penis or clitoris. Greeting ceremonies between male and female is very unusual.

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Perissodactyla, suborder
Ceratomorpha
Family: Rhinocerotidae
Scientific Name:
Rhinoceros sondaicus
Common Name:
Javan Rhinoceros

IMPORTANCE

Being selective megaherbivores, they increase plant biodiversity

Balances plant communities to prevent extinction of many species

DISTRIBUTION
western island of Ujung Kulon, West Java, and Cat Loc, Vietnam
Conservation Status: Critically Endangered
TYPE OF LOCOMOTION: Cursorial
TYPE OF GAIT: Unguligrade
FEEDING HABIT: Browser
ACTIVITY PATTERN AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: nocturnal; in pairs of just males or just females and of
female and her offspring
ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR

exhibits vigorous mating rituals in rut involving chasing and loud roaring,
sometimes causing serious injury

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Artiodactyla(suborder Ruminantia)
Family: Bovidae (subfamily Bovinae)
Scientific Name: Bos grunniens
Common Name: Domestic Yak

IMPORTANCE

Husbandry (possess physiological adaptations to the extreme conditions such as high solar
radiation, high elevation, aridity, and low temperature)
Has cultural and religious values
Used as a dowry in Tibetan region

DISTRIBUTION

China and some parts of Centra Asia

Conservation Status: Class 1 protected species

TYPE OF LOCOMOTION: Cursorial

TYPE OF GAIT: Unguligrade
FEEDING HABIT: Grazer
ACTIVITY PATTERN AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: diurnal; gregarious, often in groups of 2-5;
ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR
Aggressive behavior of males during the rut
ferocious coward (flees until eye contact is no longer possible); may be
due to ancient armed persecution by yak hunters in the region

CLASSIFICATION
Order: Rodentia
Family: Sciuridae
Scientific Name: Xerus princeps
Common Name: Mountain Ground Squirrel

IMPORTANCE

Promotes seed germination by caching behavior

DISTRIBUTION

South Africa
Conservation Status: Near Threatened

TYPE OF LOCOMOTION: semifossorial

TYPE OF GAIT: Digitigrade
FEEDING HABIT: Granivore
ACTIVITY PATTERN AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: diurnal; solitary, sometimes in groups of 2-4;
ODD OR PECULIAR BEHAVIOR
caching or hoarding behavior= involves burrowing the nuts they would
find in the forest ground as a food stored for winter
BRIEF COMMENT ON THE ARTICLES
Provides sufficient information regarding the up-to-date lists of species all
around the world. It covers a broad range of topics which contribute to
general biological insights.

References:
Adam, J. December 3, 1999. Mammalian Species. No. 621. Jan. 30, 2015. http://www.science.smith.edu/
Cole, FR and Wilson, DE. May 27, 2009. Mammalian Species. No 834. Jan. 30, 2015.
http://www.science.smith.edu/
Eisenberg, JF and Shoshani. June 1982. Mammalian Species. No. 182. Jan. 30, 2015.
http://www.science.smith.edu/
Groves, CP and Leslie, Jr., DM. September 26, 2011. Mammalian Species. No 887. Jan. 30, 2015.
http://www.science.smith.edu/
Hanion, E and Wilson, D. March 2010. Mammalian pecies. No. 854. Jan. 30, 2015.
http://www.science.smith.edu/
Jakob, F and Decher, J. July 15,2005. Mammalian Species. No. 763. Jan. 30, 3015.
http://www.science.smith.edu/
Lariviere, S and Hwang, YT. Dec. 15, 2004. Mammalian Species. No. 757. Jan. 30, 2015.
http://www.science.smith.edu/
Leslie, Jr. DM and Schaller, GB. May 27, 2009. Mammalian Species. No 836. Jan. 30, 2015.
http://www.science.smith.edu/
Rieger, I. May 8, 1981. Mammalian Species. No 150. Jan. 30, 2015. http://www.science.smith.edu/
Waterman, JM and Herron, MD. December 15, 2004. Mammalian Species. No 751. Jan. 30, 2015.
http://www.science.smith.edu/

Web links of the Photos used

http://www.nwf.org/news-and-magazines/national-wildlife/news-and-views/archives/2013/action-reportoct-nov-2013.aspx
http://www.aviandiversity.com/gallery/mammals/striped-hyena-hyaena-hyaena#3
http://bioexpedition.com/javan-rhinoceros/
http://redstateeclectic.typepad.com/redstate_commentary/2011/06/aaaa.html
http://www.zoonar.com/photo/kaokovelderdhoernchen-ground-squirrel-xerus-princeps-etosha-nationalpark-namibia-afrika_413482.html
http://philippine-mammals.blogspot.com/
http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/asian-elephant