A

TRANSPORT

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS TOOL

Version 1.0

ACTIVE
TRANSPORTATION

SIS TOOL

Version 1.0

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION P

INTRODUCTION

This spreadsheet tool provides a simple way of quantifying benefits and costs of
projects, except general plans. Given the necessary data, the tool would quanti
safety, vehicles mile travelled reduction savings, and recreational benefits.

The model is arranged by worksheets and contains the following information, da

Worksheets
Cover Page
Instructions
1) Infrastructure Inputs
2) Non-Infrastructure Inputs
3) Non-Infrastructure- All
4) Infrastructure- Safe Routes to Schools
5) Results
6) Individual Benefits for Infrastructure Non-SR2S
6a) Mobility
6b) Health
6c) VMT Reduction
6d) Recreational
6e) Safety
7) Aggregation
7a) Undiscounted
7b) Discounted
8) Parameters
Miscellaneous

Contents

General model descript

Data input page for infr
Data input page for non
Calculation for Non-infra
Calculation for infrastru
Summary of Analysis Re
Calculation
Calculation
Calculation
Calculation
Calculation

of
of
of
of
of

changes
changes
changes
changes
changes

Current Total Benefits

Discounted Total Benefi
Economic parameters, a
Tables, etc.

Assumptions are necessary when doing economic analysis. These assumptions

discount rate, value of time, accident value, etc. Discount rate of 4% was used
with the value used in Cal/B-C model. Value of time was determined by taking

of the statewide wage rate in California, consistent with US Department of Trans

Time Guidance. A 2% growth factor of average California annual growth of popu
to account for annual increase in benefits. These assumptions and others are p
worksheet and should not be changed by the user.

After reading the instructions, the user should enter necessary data to analyze t
project is an infrastructure project, all data should only be inputted on the infras
If the project is a non-infrastructure project, all data should only be inputted on
input page. If the project is a combination of both infrastructure and non-infrast
be inputted on both input pages.

ANSPORTATION PROJECTS

g benefits and costs of active transportation

, the tool would quantify mobility, health,
eational benefits.

llowing information, data, and results:

Contents

General model description and assumptions

Data input page for infrastructure projects
Data input page for non-infrastructure projects
Calculation for Non-infrastructure Non-SR2S_SR2S
Calculation for infrastructure SR2S
Summary of Analysis Results

Calculation
Calculation
Calculation
Calculation
Calculation

of
of
of
of
of

changes
changes
changes
changes
changes

in
in
in
in
in

mobility
health
VMT reduction
Recreation
safety

Current Total Benefits

Discounted Total Benefits
Economic parameters, assumptions, etc.
ables, etc.

s. These assumptions include

nt rate of 4% was used to be consistent
determined by taking half of

US Department of Transportation's Value of

annual growth of population was used
ptions and others are put on the Parameters

ssary data to analyze the project. If the

e inputted on the infrastructure input page.
ld only be inputted on the non-infrastructure
ructure and non-infrastructure, data should

INSTRUCTIONS

The user can analyze most projects by simply inserting limited data on the NonInfrastructure input page and getting results on the Results page. At the top of
enter information regarding the project name and location. This section provide
about active transportation projects. Box 1 is for Infrastructure projects and Box
projects. For Bike and Pedestrian Projects, daily person trips are one direction. *
pop-up messages are designed to help users if data is not readily available.
Bike Projects (Box 1A)

1 Insert the total existing number of daily bike trips (without project)
2 Insert the anticipated total number of daily bike trips after 1 year (with
3 Insert the anticipated total number of daily bike trips after 1 year of pro
(with project).
4 Insert existing number of daily bike trips that are commuters
5 Insert existing number of daily bike trips that are recreational

*If no data is available for existing trip for commuters and recreational u
respectively of total existing number of daily bike trips (without project)

6 Insert new daily trips that are commuters after 1 year of project comple
7 Insert new daily trips that are recreational in nature after 1 year of proje

*If no data is available for new trip for commuters and recreational trips
assume half of existing bike commuter trips and recreational trips respe
8 Provide the Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) of the closest adjacent

*If the project is construction of new bike lanes, paths and/or trails, ass
of 5% to bicycle and walk use, using the current AADT for the closest ro

9 Select the appropriate type of bike class type from the pull-down menu.

Pedestrian Projects (Box 1B)

For pedestrian projects, the user can enter trips or step counts or miles

10 Insert the total existing number of daily walk trips (without project)
11 Insert the anticipated total number of daily walk trips after 1 year (with
12 Insert the anticipated total number of daily walk trips after 1 year of pro
(with project); OR
13 Insert total existing step counts (without project)
14 Insert the anticipated step counts after 1 year (with project); OR
15 Insert total miles walked (without project)
16 Insert anticipated miles walked after 1 year (with project)

data on the Non-infrastructure and/or

e. At the top of the sheet, the user can
s section provides general information
projects and Box 2 is for Non-Infrastructure
one direction. *For certain cells,
ly available.

out project)
fter 1 year (without project).
fter 1 year of project completion

nd recreational users, take 11% and 33%

(without project).

of project completion
er 1 year of project completion

recreational trips after 1 year of project completion,

tional trips respectively.

closest adjacent road to the proposed project.

and/or trails, assume a percentage shift of drivers

for the closest road to the proposed project.

pull-down menu.

counts or miles walked .

hout project)
after 1 year (without project)
fter 1 year of project completion

oject); OR

Safe Routes to School (SR2S) Infrastructure Projects (Box 1C)

17 Insert number of students enrolled in the school/s

18 Insert approximate number of students living along school route propos
19 Percentage of students that currently walk or bike to school
20 Projected percentage of students that will walk or bike to school after t
Infrastructure Project Costs (Box 1D)
21 Insert project cost for the Non-SR2S Infrastructure project
22 Insert project cost for theSR2S Infrastructure project

ATP Requested Funds (Box 1E)

For a benefit-cost analysis, total project cost is used to calculate benefi
Guidelines require benefits relative to funds requested be calculated as
below for infrastructure projects.
23 Insert ATP funds requested for the Non-SR2S Infrastructure project
24 Insert ATP funds requested for the SR2S Infrastructure project
Crash Data (Box 1F)

25 Enter total number of fatal crashes for the last 5 years

26 Enter total number of injury crashes for the last 5 years
27 Enter total number of property-damage only (PDO) crashes for the last

mpletion,

drivers

Crashes involving pedestrians and cyclists are often underreported. Fo

analysis, we require that users provide the last 5 years of crash data to
that did not have any accidents. Statewide Integrated Traffic Records
with their Annual Report of Fatal and Injury Motor Vehicle Traffic Collisio
for fatal and injury accidents.
http://www.chp.ca.gov/switrs/.

SafeTREC Transportation Injury Mapping Systems (TIMS) by University

website also includes "SWITRS GIS Map" tool that can be used to gathe
for specific improvement.
http://tims.berkeley.edu/

Annual average for each crashes are calculated automatically after dat
Safety Countermeasures (Box 1G)

Mark any countermeasures associated with the project, with a capital

if not included. Countermeasures should be significant, which is define
least 15% of total project costs. Other reduction factor countermeasur
out if specific countermeasures are not explicit on the enumerated cho

Box 1C)

school route proposed for improvement.

o school
ke to school after the project is completed

If the project only involves infrastru

However, if the project has a non-in
and follow instructions for non-infra

SR2S Outreach Non-Infrastructu

28 Insert number of students

29 Insert number of students
30 Insert percentage of stude
31 Insert project cost for the o
32 Insert ATP funds requested
33 Duration of outreach (mon

to calculate benefit-cost ratio. However, the ATP

ed be calculated as well. Provide the funds requested

Numbers 28-30 can be the

simpler and avoid any ove
and 17-20 are for SR2S IN

ructure project
re project

Outreach to users will be a

students minus number of

crashes for the last 5 years

n underreported. For this b/c

ars of crash data to capture any years
ted Traffic Records System (SWITRS)
hicle Traffic Collisions is a good source

IMS) by University of California, Berkeleyn be used to gather the crash data

Non-SR2S Outreach Non-Infrast

31 Insert number of targeted

32 Insert number of residents
33 Insert percentage of reside
34 Insert project cost of the o
35 Duration of outreach (mon

Outreach to users will be a

participant minus number
Perception, Promotional Effort,

Based from a review of sev

themes either promoted or

are included to aid in filling

omatically after data crash data is entered.

ect, with a capital "Y" and capital "N"

ant, which is defined here to cost at
tor countermeasures should be filled
he enumerated choices.

Perception: The attitude or

deterrents include unsafe,
Hands-on outreach (e.g., w

Collective Promotional Effo

is more successful in prom
the 5E's--engineering, enfo

nvolves infrastructure project, the user is ready to do the analysis.

ject has a non-infrastructure component, the user still needs to fill out
ons for non-infrastructure project types.

on-Infrastructure (Box 2A)

mber of students enrolled in the school/s

mber of students that currently walk or bike to school; OR
centage of students that currently walk or bike to school
ect cost for the outreach
funds requested
of outreach (months)

28-30 can be the same as numbers 17-20 under Box 1C. However, to make things
nd avoid any overlapping of benefits, 28-30 are strictly for NON-INFRASTRUCTURE
0 are for SR2S INFRASTRUCTURE projects.

to users will be automatically calculated once we have number of enrolled

minus number of students that currently walk or bike to school.

ach Non-Infrastructure (Box 2B)

mber of targeted participants, a subset of a population of town or city.

mber of residents or participants that currently walk or bike ; OR
centage of residents or participants that currently walk or bike
ect cost of the outreach
of outreach (months)

to users will be automatically calculated once we have number of targeted

t minus number of them that currently walk or bike.

motional Effort, Age and Duration boxes (Boxes 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F)

m a review of several academic articles and government publications, four broad reoccu
ther promoted or discouraged active transportation. Brief description of the reoccurrin

ed to aid in filling out the appropriate boxes for the outreach project.

n: The attitude or belief about active transportation is critical to get someone to try it. N
s include unsafe, not connected, physically difficult, unaesthetic surroundings, distance,
outreach (e.g., walk audit) is more successful in changing a potential user attitude.

Promotional Efforts: A coordinated and collective effort by multiple entities/stakeholder

uccessful in promoting active transportation user than a single promotional effort, for ex
engineering, enforcement, education, encouragement, and evaluation.

Age: The usage of active transportation during ones

time when children become independent--around mi
transportation promotion can be maximized. This is
letting young adolescents take active transportation
when there is vehicle traffic. Furthermore, older adu
as biking because of physical limitations.

Duration: The frequency of an outreach effort is criti

behavior. In comparison, bike-to-work month is more
because of the action of taking active transportation

These four reoccurring themes are the basis for weig

the literature, there was a significant amount qualita
to the lack of quantitative data--necessary to moneti
cost criteria attempts to calculate the longitudinal us
This estimated longitudinal estimate is then applied
benefit-cost ratio.

o make things
ASTRUCTURE

* Projected New Active Trans Riders will be automati

2F are filled out.

Crash Data (Box 2G)

23 Enter total number of fatal crashes for the last 5 yea
24 Enter total number of injury crashes for the last 5 ye
25 Enter total number of property-damage only (PDO) c

argeted

s, four broad reoccurring

on of the reoccurring themes

Annual average for each crashes are calculated auto

omeone to try it. Negative

oundings, distance, etc.
l user attitude.

entities/stakeholders
otional effort, for example

ation during ones youth generally carries over into adulthood. At the
ndent--around middle school--is when the benefits of active
aximized. This is because there are higher safety/danger risks of
ve transportation modes on their own, e.g., not being alert
ermore, older adults tend to stop utilizing some active modes such

each effort is critical because it reinforces active transportation

ork month is more successful compared to a one-time safety course
ve transportation is reinforced multiple times.

the basis for weighing non-infrastructure criteria. While reviewing

nt amount qualitative data, but lack of quantitative findings. Due
cessary to monetize assumed benefits--the non-infrastructure benefithe longitudinal users based on a given non-infrastructure project.
e is then applied to the infrastructure benefit-cost tool to quantify

s will be automatically calculated when Boxes 2A through

for the last 5 years

s for the last 5 years
mage only (PDO) crashes for the last 5 years

re calculated automatically after data crash data is entered.

Project Name:
Project Location:
Bike Projects

INFRASTRUCTURE

(Daily Person Trips for All Users) (Box1A)

Without Project

Existing
Forecast

With Project

Project Costs (Box 1D)

Non-SR2S Infrastructure Project Cost
SR2S Infrastructure Project Cost

(1 Yr after completion)

Commuters

Recreational Users

Existing Trips
New Daily Trips
(1 YR after project completion)

ATP Requested Funds (Box 1E)

Non-SR2S Infrastructure
SR2S Infrastructure

Project Information- Non SR2S Infrastructure

Bike Class Type
Bike Class I
Average Annual Daily
Traffic (AADT)

CRASH DATA
Fatal Crashes
Injury Crashes
PDO

Pedestrian Projects (Daily Person Trips for All Users) (Box 1B)

SAFETY COUNTERMEASURES

Existing
Forecast (1 YR after
project completion)
Without Project

With Project

Existing step counts

(600 steps=0.3mi=1 trip)

Existing miles walked

Safe Routes to School (SR2S)
Number of student enrollment

(Box 1C)

Approximate no. of students living along school

route proposed for improvement
Percentage of students that currently walk or
bike to school
Projected percentage of students that will walk
or bike to school after the project

Last 5 Yrs

(improvements) (Box 1G)

With Project

Total

Roadways Unsignaliz Signalized

Intersectio
ed
Intersecti n
on

Without Project

(Box 1F)

Pedestrian countdown signal heads

Pedestrian crossing
Advance stop bar before crosswalk
Install overpass/underpass
Raised medians/refuge islands
Pedestrian crossing (new signs and markings only)
Pedestrian crossing (safety features/curb extensions)
Pedestrian signals
Bike lanes
Sidewalk/pathway (to avoid walking along roadway)
Pedestrian crossing (with enhanced safety features)
Pedestrian crossing
Other reduction factor countermeasures

Projected percentage of students that will walk

or bike to school after the project

INFRASTRUCTURE

Annual Average

0
0
0
SAFETY COUNTERMEASURES

(improvements) (Box 1G)

Y or N
(Capitalized)

Pedestrian crossing
Pedestrian crossing

(new signs and markings only)

(safety features/curb extensions)

Sidewalk/pathway (to avoid walking along roadway)

Pedestrian crossing (with enhanced safety features)
Other reduction factor countermeasures

Project Name:
Project Location:
Outreach ( SR2S)- (Box 2A)
Participants (School Enrollment)
Current Active Trans Walker/Bicyclist Users
Percentage of Current Active Trans Walkers/Bicyclists
Project Cost
ATP Requested Funds
Duration of Outreach (months)
Outreach to new users
Perception (must be marked with an "x")Outreach is Hands-on (self-efficacy)
Overcome Barriers (e.g., dist, time, etc.)
Eliminates Hazards/Threats (speed, crime, etc.)
Connected or Addresses Connectivity Challenges
Creating Value in Using Active Transportation
Age (must be marked with an "x")-

Promotional Effort (must be marke

Effort Targets 5 E's or 5 P's
Knowledgable Staff/Educator
Partnership/Volunteers
Creates Community Ownership/Relationship
Part of Bigger Effort (e.g., political support)

(Box 2C)

Duration (must be marked wit

One Day
One Month
One Year
Multiple Years
Continuous Effort

(Box 2E)

Younger than 10
10-12
13-24
25-55
55+
Projected New Active Trans Riders
Longitudinal New Users

CRASH DATA Fatal Crashes

(Box 2G)

Projected New Active Tr

0

Last 5 Yrs

Outreach (Non SR2S)- (Box 2B)

Participants
Current Active Trans Walker/Bicyclist Users
Percentage of Current Active Trans Walkers/Bi
Project Cost
ATP Requested Funds
Duration of Outreach (months)
Outreach to new users

Longitudinal New Users

Annual

Assumption:
Benefits only accrue for five years, unless the

Injury Crashes
PDO

0
0

is ongoing.

NON-INFRASTRUCTURE

Outreach (Non SR2S)- (Box 2B)

Current Active Trans Walker/Bicyclist Users
Percentage of Current Active Trans Walkers/Bicyclists

Duration of Outreach (months)

0
Promotional Effort (must be marked with an "x")Effort Targets 5 E's or 5 P's
Knowledgable Staff/Educator
Partnership/Volunteers
Creates Community Ownership/Relationship
Part of Bigger Effort (e.g., political support)
Duration (must be marked with an "x")One Day
One Month
One Year
Multiple Years
Continuous Effort

(Box 2F)

Projected New Active Trans Riders

0

Benefits only accrue for five years, unless the project

(Box 2D)

Non Infrastructure- All

Projected New ATP Users
Annual Mobility Benefits

$0

Annual Health Benefits

$0

Annual Recreational Benefits

$0

Annual Safety Benefits

$0

Fuel saved

$0

Emissions Saved

$0

Fuel and Emissions Saved

$0

Underlying assumptions for calculations:

1) 1 mile driven is ~ 0.05 gal ~ 1 lb of CO2 based on US average 20mpg.

Source: Active Transportation for America: The Case for Increased Federal Inves
in Bicycling and Walking. Rails to Trails Conservancy, page 22.
http://www.railstotrails.org/resourcehandler.ashx?id=2948

2)
3)
3)
4)
6)

Assume users travel 13,000 vehicle miles per year (U.S. DOT's FHWA-13,476
Assume users divert half of their miles traveled each year.
Gasoline price per gallon is $3.41 (incl. tax)
Carbon price is $25 per ton (updated $2014 value)
2,000 lbs = 1 ton

ESTIMATED SAFETY BENEFITS FROM POTENTIAL CRASH REDUCTION

OTHER
REDUCTION
FACTOR

Countermeasures
Crash Reduction Factors (CRFs)
Service Life

10%
5

1st year

$0

Fatal

Frequency
Cost/crash

Injury

PDO

$3,750,837

$80,000

$6,924

0
Did not quantify mobility benefits.

Did not quantify recreational benefits.

Safety benefits are assumed to be a reduction in Other Reduction Factor Counter

average 20mpg.
ncreased Federal Investment

S. DOT's FHWA-13,476 ave.)

Total
0

ction Factor Countermeasures.

SAFE ROUTES TO SCHOOL

Infrastructure
Before Project
No. of students enrollment

Approximate no. of students living along

school route proposed for improvement

Percent that currently walks/bikes to school

0%

Number of students that walk/bike to school

After Project
No. of students enrollment

Approximate no. of students living along

school route proposed for improvement

Projected percentage of students that will

walk or bike because of the project

Assumptions:
1) 180 school days
2) 2 miles distance to sc
3) Takes 1 hour back and
4) Approximate no. of st
before and after to get a
5) We used the value of
community in general. V
6) Safety benefits are as

0%

Number of students that will walk/bike to

school after the project

ATP Shift
Fuels Saved
Emissions Saved

0
$0.00
$0.00

Annual Mobility Benefits

$0

Annual Health Benefits

$0

Annual Safety Benefits

$0

Fuel and Emissions Saved

$0

Recreational Benefits

$0

Did not quantify recreational be

ssumptions:
) 180 school days
) 2 miles distance to school = 1 hour walk
) Takes 1 hour back and forth to school grounds, used distance of 1 mile (composite for bike and walk)
) Approximate no. of students living along school route proposed for improvement- we used this number for
before and after to get an actual increase number of ATP users or corresponding percentage.
) We used the value of time for adults for SR2S since we did not quantify parents' time, and the
ommunity in general. Value of time for adults $13.03 vs. $5.42 for kids.
) Safety benefits are assumed to be the same as non-SRTS infrastructure projects.

antify recreational benefits for SR2S Infrastructure projects.

or bike and walk)

e used this number for

e, and the

20 Year Invest Summary Analysis

Total Costs
$0.00
Net Present Cost
$0.00
Total Benefits
$0.00
$0.00
Net Present Benefit
Benefit-Cost Ratio
#DIV/0!
20 Year Itemized Savings
Mobility
Health
Recreational
Gas & Emissions
Safety

Funds Requested
Net Present Cost of Funds Requested
Benefit Cost Ratio

$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00

$0.00
$0.00
#DIV/0!

ESTIMATED DAILY MOBILITY BENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT

Current Walk Counts
Total miles walked
Total person Trips walked
Total Steps walked

0.00
0.00
0.00

After the Project is Completed

Total miles walked
Total person trips walked
Total Steps walked

0.00
0.00
0.00

Converted miles walked to trips

Difference of person trips walked
Converted steps walked to trips

0
0
0

Current Bike Counts

Existing Commuters
New Commuters

0
0

Benefits, 2014 values

Annual Mobility Benefit (Walking)
Annual Mobility Benefit (Biking)
Total Annual Mobility Benefits

Project Types
For M values:
20.38 min/trip
18.02 min/trip
15.83 min/trip

OFF STREET
ON STREET w/o parking benefit
ON STREET w/ parking benefit

$13.03 Value of Time

600 steps=0.3mi=1 trip

$0
$0.00
$0

Sources:
NCHRP 552 Methodology (Biking)
Heuman (2006) as reported by UK Dept of Transport and Guidance (walking)

$1 Value of Total Pedestrian Environmental Impacts p

OFF STREET
ON STREET w/o parking benefit
ON STREET w/ parking benefit

Bike Class I
Bike Class II
Bike Class III

al Pedestrian Environmental Impacts per trip

YEARLY ESTIMATED HEALTH BENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT

INFRASTRUCTURE
Cycling:
New Cyclists
Value of Health (ave.annual)
Annual Health Benefits

0
$146

GDP Deflator
2006 0.9429
2014 1.0781

$0

Walking:
New Walkers
Value of Health

0
$146

Annual Health Benefits

$0

Total Annual Health Benefits

$0

Source: NCHRP 552- Guidelines for Analysis of Investments in

Bicycle Facilities, Appendix G.
(Estimated annual per capita cost savings of direct and/indirect)
of physical activity)

YEARLY ESTIMATED GAS AND EMISSION SAVINGS FROM THE PROJECT

INFRASTRUCTURE

New Pedestrians
New Bicyclists

0
0

Avoided VMT due to Walking

Avoided VMT due to Biking

0
0

Fuel Saved
Emissions Saved

$0
$0

Fuel and Emissions saved

$0

Underlying assumptions for calculations:

1) Bike miles traveled= 1.5 mi, walk miles traveled= .3 (CHTS)
2) Assume 50% of new walkers and cyclists choose not to drive their cars
3) 1 mile driven is ~ 0.05 gal ~ 1 lb of CO2 based on US average 20mpg.
Source: Active Transportation for America: The Case for Increased Federal Investment
in Bicycling and Walking. Rails to Trails Conservancy, page 22.
http://www.railstotrails.org/resourcehandler.ashx?id=2948

4)
5)
6)
7)

Gasoline price per gallon is $3.41 (incl. tax)

Carbon price is $25 per ton
250 working days
2,000 lbs = 1 ton

YEARLY ESTIMATED RECREATIONAL BENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT

Biking
New Recreational Users
New Commuters
ExistingRecreational Users

0
0
0

Value of Spending Recreational Time for

New Recreational Users

$0

Valueof Spending Recreational Time for

Existing Recreational Users

$0

Potential number of recreational time

outdoors

$10 per trip

$4 per trip

124

Annual Biking Recreational Benefits

$0

Sources: NCHRP 552 for New Users and Commuters,

TAG (January 2010 UK's Department of Transport Guidance on the
Appraisal of Walking and Cycling Schemes) for Existing Users,
World Health Organization's HEAT for cycling (124 days- the observed
number of days cycled in Stockholm)

Walking
Total Recreational pedestrians
Value of Spending Recreational timefor
all pedestrians

15%- See Misc. Tab

$1 per trip

$0

Potential number of recreational time

outdoors

365

AnnualWalking Recreational Benefits

$0

Sources: Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center.

TAG (January 2010 UK's Department of Transport Guidance on the
Appraisal of Walking and Cycling Schemes) for Existing Users.

Total Annual Recreational Benefits

$0

ESTIMATED SAFETY BENEFITS FROM POTENTIAL CRASH REDUCTION

SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION COUNTERMEASURES

Countermeasures
Applicable Countermeasures
Crash Reduction Factors (CRFs)
Service Life

Install pedestrian
countdown signal
heads

Install pedestrian
crossing

Install advance stop

bar before crosswalk
(bicycle box)

Install pedestrian
overpass/
underpass

Install raised medians/

refuge islands

25%

25%

15%

75%

45%

20

20

10

20

20

1st year

$0

Fatal

Frequency
Cost/crash

Injury

UNSIGNALIZED INTERESE

PDO

$0

Total

$4,130,347

$81,393

$7,624

$0

$0

$0

UNSIGNALIZED INTERESECTION COUNTERMEASURES

Install pedestrian
Install pedestrian crossing
crossings (new signs and
(with enhanced safety
markings only
measures/ curb extensions

ROADWAY COUNTERMEASURES

Install pedestrian
signal

Install bike
lanes

Install sidewalk/
pathway (to avoid
walking along
roadways

Install pedestrian
crossing (with enhanced
safety measures

Install Pedestrian
crossing

25%

35%

55%

35%

80%

30%

35%

10

20

20

20

20

10

10

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

OTHER REDUCTION
FACTOR

Average of 3 highest
countermeasures

Annual Benefits

0
10%

$0

$0

$0

ECONOMIC EVALUATION (Constant Values)

Total Benefits

$0

Mobility Benefits

$0

Health Benefits

$0

Recreational Benefits

$0

Safety Benefits

$0

Gas & Emission Benefits

$0

Total Costs
Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)

$0
#DIV/0!

NON-INFRASTRUCTURE-Non-SR2S and SR2S

Year
PROJECT OPEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Mobility
Benefits
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Health Benefits

Recreational
Benefits

Safety Benefits

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

18
19
20

Total

$0

$0

$0

$0

Gas & Emission

Benefits

Total Benefits

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Total Project
Cost

Growth Factor

$0

1.02

$0

Sum Total
Benefits
$0

Total Project
Cost
$0

INFRASTRUCTURE - Non SR2S

Mobility
Benefits

Health Benefits

Recreational
Benefits

Safety Benefits

Gas & Emissions

Benefits

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

4
5

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

6
7
8
9

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Year
PROJECT OPEN

Total

$0

$0

$0

Mobility
Benefits

Health Benefits

Recreational
Benefits

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0

$0

INFRASTRUCTURE- SR2S

Year
PROJECT OPEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Gas & Emission

Safety Benefits
Benefits
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

18
19
20

$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0

Total

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

COMBO PROJECTS- Non SR2s Infras

Total Benefits

Total Project
Cost

Growth Factor

Year
PROJECT OPEN

$0

$0

1.02

$0

$0

$0
$0

4
5

$0
$0
$0
$0

6
7
8
9

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Sum Total
Benefits
$0

Total Project
Cost
$0

Total

COMBO PROJECTS- SR2S Infrastruc

Total Benefits
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Total Project
Cost

Growth Factor

$0

1.02

Year
PROJECT OPEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

$0
$0
$0

Sum Total
Benefits
$0

18
19
20

Total Project
Cost
$0

Total

O PROJECTS- Non SR2s Infrastructure and NonInfrastructure

Mobility
Benefits

Health
Benefits

Recreational
Benefits

Safety
Benefits

Gas & Emission

Benefits

Total Benefits

Total Project Cost

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Sum Total
Benefits
$0

Total Project Cost

$0

O PROJECTS- SR2S Infrastructure and NonInfrastructure

Mobility
Benefits

Health
Benefits

Recreational
Benefits

Safety
Benefits

Gas & Emission

Benefits

Total Benefits

Total Project Cost

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0

$0
$0
$0

$0

$0
$0
$0

$0

$0
$0
$0

$0

$0
$0
$0

$0

$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0

$0

Sum Total
Benefits
$0

Total Project Cost

$0

COMBO PROJECTS- NonSR2S & SR2S Infrastructure

Mobility
Benefits

Health
Benefits

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

4
5

$0
$0

$0
$0

6
7
8
9

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Year
PROJECT OPEN

Total

$0

$0

SUMMARY OF QUANTIFIABLE BENEFITS AND COSTS

Growth Factor
1.02

Year
PROJECT OPEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Mobility
Benefits

Health
Benefits

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

18
19
20

$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0

Total

$0

$0

R2S Infrastructure

Recreational
Benefits

Safety Benefits

Gas & Emission

Benefits

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Total Benefits Total Project Cost

$0

$0

$0

$0

Recreational
Benefits

Safety Benefits

Gas & Emission

Benefits

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Sum Total
Benefits
$0

Total Project Cost

$0

NEFITS AND COSTS

Total Benefits Total Project Cost Benefit Cost Ratio

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

$0

#DIV/0!

$0
$0
$0

$0

$0
$0
$0

$0

$0
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0

$0

Sum Total
Benefits
$0

Total Project Cost Benefit Cost Ratio

$0
#DIV/0!

SUMMARY OF QUANTIFIABLE BENEFITS AND COSTS

Year
PROJECT OPEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Mobility Benefits
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Total Mobility
Benefits

Health Benefits

Recreational
Benefits

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Health Benefits
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Recreational
Benefits
$0

Safety Benefits
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Gas & Emission

Benefits

Total Benefits

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Gas & Emission

Safety Benefits Benefits
$0
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Sum Total
Benefits

Present Value
Benefit
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Sum Present Value

Benefit
$0
$0

Total Project
Cost

Present Value
Cost

$0

Sum Total
Project Cost
$0

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Sum Present
Value Cost
$0

Discount
Rate
4.00%

Net Present Value

$0.00

BCA Ratio
#DIV/0!

Funds Requested
0

Sum Funds
Requested

PV of Funds
Requested
0

Sum PV Funds
Requested
$0
$0

PARAMETERS
Mobility Parameters
CA Statewide Houly Wage (2014)
Value of Time (VOT)- adult
Value of Time (VOT)- child
Bike Path (Class I)
Bike Lane (Class II)
Bike Route (Class III)

Health Parameters
Cycling
Walking

Accident Cost Parameters

Cost of a Fatality (K)
Cost of an Injury
Costy of Property Damage (PDO)

$26.07
$13.03
$5.42
20.38 min/trip
18.02 min/trip
15.83 min/trip

$146 annual$/person
$146 annual$/person

$4,130,347 $/crash
$81,393 $/crash
$7,624 $/crash

Source: Appendix D, Local Roadway Safety: A manual for CA's Local Road Owners Caltrans. April 201
Recreational Values Parameters
Biking
New Users
Existing Users
Walking
All Users

VMT Reduction
Price of gasoline (per gallon incl. tax)
Price of CO2 (per ton)-adj to 2014$
Price of Co2 (per lb)
Working days

$10 per trip

$4 per trip
$1 per trip

Average fuel price (Novembe

$3.41
$25 Interagency Working Group o
$0.01
250

2%
4%

Average CA Annual Growth of Population (1955-2011)

Discount Rate used (same as Cal B/C Model)

ers Caltrans. April 2013.

ge fuel price (November 2013-November 2014) based on EIA's Table 9.4: Retail Motor Gasoline and On_Highway
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/sec9_6.pdf

gency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, United States Government, Technical Support Document: Social
for Regulatory Impact Analysis Under Executive Order 12866, February 2010.

tor Gasoline and On_Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

cal Support Document: Social Cost of Carbon

Reasons for Bicycling

Recreation
Exercise or health
Personal errands
Vist a friend or relative
Commuting to/from work
Commuting to/from school

Reasons for Walking

Exercise or health
Personal errands
Recreation
Walk the dog
Visit a friend or relative
Commuting to/from work
Commuting to/from school
Required for my job

Percent
33
28
17
8
7
4

Percent
39
17
15
7
7
5
3
2

Source: The 2012 National Survey of Pedestrian and

Bicyclist Attitudes and Behaviors, Highlights Report.
Pedestrian & Bicycle Information Center.

Estimated Annual Per Ca

(dire
Study/Agency

Washington DOH
Garrett et al.
South Carolina DOH
Georgia Department of Hum
Colditz
Minnesota DOH
Goetz et al.
Pronk et al.
Pratt
Michigan Fitness Foundation

Source: NCHRP 552, Guidel

Facilities, Appendix G.

Note: An annual per-capita

determined by taking the m
year 2006$. The updated 20

stimated Annual Per Capita Cost Savings

(direct and/or indirect of physical activity)

tudy/Agency

Washington DOH
arrett et al.
outh Carolina DOH
eorgia Department of Human Resources

Minnesota DOH
oetz et al.
ronk et al.

Michigan Fitness Foundation

Per Capita Cost Savings ($)

19
57
78
79
91
>100
172
176
330
1175

ource: NCHRP 552, Guidelines for Analysis of Investments in Bicycle

acilities, Appendix G.

ote: An annual per-capita cost savings from physical activity of $128 was
etermined by taking the median value of ten noted studies above for
ear 2006$. The updated 2014$ value is $13.03.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP Deflator)

Fiscal Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019

(est.)
(est.)
(est.)
(est.)
(est.)
(est.)

Chained GDP Price Index

0.9429
0.9684
0.9884
1.0000
1.0087
1.0284
1.0464
1.0622
1.0781
1.0966
1.1170
1.1391
1.1619
1.1852

Source: Office of Management Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2015
Table 10.1- Gross Domestic Product and Deflators in the Historical Tables: 1940-2019.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2015/assets/hist.pdf
page 217-218.

ernment, Fiscal Year 2015

: 1940-2019.