No.

1/95
SHIP TYPE: Tanker

Edited by DSO-245
SIZE(GRT): 140,000

BUILT YEAR: 1991-93

Steering gear: Hydraulic System

Course of Event
The hydraulic system of the ram-type steering gear of three sister ships suffered repeated damage shortly after delivery.
Extent of Damage
Two power pipes suffered repeated damage (cracking) and substantial oil leakages, which led to the automatic isolation of one pump and a cylinder pair.
Three non-return valves were also damaged, which in some cases led to functional failures. On one of the ships, both main pumps were found to be
excessively worn, reducing pump and steering capacity.
Probable Cause
The capacity of these steering gears was in compliance with rule requirements but only by a small margin, which resulted in relatively high pressure
even during normal operating conditions. Damage occurred mainly in bad weather, which imposes an increased load and demands more frequent use of
the steering gear. Heavy pressure shock and vibration in the pipes was noticed when steering commands were given and the direction control valve
opened or closed. These valves are provided with adjustable nozzles for damping the valve movement, but for some reason, no adjustment had been
carried out prior to entering service. Subsequent investigation also revealed poor cleaning of the hydraulic system (tanks and pipes) at delivery, and
some design mismatch between the steering gear and its control system.
Lessons to be Learned
When specifying steering gears, it should be ensured that the steering gear capacity is adequate for the torque that will actually be experienced. The
steering test undertaken during sea trials is a verification of the steering gears capacity. Rule revisions are being initiated, taking into account
differences in measured and calculated torque as well as to clarify the condition during the steering test.
Proper cleaning/flushing of the steering gear system and adjustment of the steering gear and its control system are to be carried out at delivery by
specialist personnel. The steering must be carefully observed during operation for unexpected behaviour and pipe vibration.
It should be confirmed that pipes have been installed in accordance with good engineering practice, and that they are adequately clamped.

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