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Published by UNESCO Bangkok


Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education
Mom Luang Pin Malakul Centenary Building
920 Sukhumvit Road, Prakanong, Klongtoey
Bangkok 10110, Thailand

UNESCO 2012
All rights reserved

ISBN 978-92-9223-423-2 (Print Version)


ISBN 978-92-9223-424-9 (Electronic version)

The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication
do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this
book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO
and do not commit the organization.
UNESCO Bangkok is committed to widely disseminating information and to this end welcomes
enquiries for reprints, adaptations, republishing or translating this or other publications. Please
contact ikm.bgk@unesco.org for further information.

Coordinator: Kaoru Suzuki-Houghton


Design/Layout: Warren Field
Cover photos: Generic Skills: Gender Research Group, Viet Nam Institute for Educational
Science (Viet Nam)
Contextual Skills: Sourav Karmakar, (India)
Literacy Skills: Rajib Singha, (India)
Printed in Thailand
APL/12/007-300

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