BERNOULLIS THEOREM APPARATUS

INTRODUCTION

The closed circuit self-sufficient portable package system Bernoullis Theorem Apparatus does not
require any foundation, trench work, etc., so that you can conduct experiment with keeping the unit
anywhere.

BERNOULLIS THEOREM APPARATUS

According to Bernoullis Theorem in a continuous fluid flow, the total head at any point
along the flow is the same. That is Datum Head (Z) + Pressure along the head (P/w) +
velocity head (v2/2g) is constant along the flow. Applying the equation between point 1
and 2 along the streamline AB.

Z1 + P1/w+V21/2g = Z2 + P2/w+V22/2g

(Our unit is designed for Horizontal flow).

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The unit consists of supply chamber and experimental duct made out of Perspex sheets for the
purpose of observing the flow. The interlinking duct is smoothly varying in cross section so that the
velocity of flow changes gradually for the purpose of experiments with minimum of friction loss and
loss the due to turbulence. Piezometer glass tubes are provided at suitable intervals along with duct
for the measurement of pressure head at various points. A flow control valve is provided at the exit
of the duct for adjusting and keeping different flow rates through the apparatus. A collecting tank is
provided for the measurement of rate of flow. Peizometer glass tubes are provided at suitable
intervals along with duct for the measurement of pressure head at various points. A flow control

valve is provided at the exit of the duct for adjusting and keeping different flow rates through the
apparatus. A collecting tank is provided for the measurement of rate of flow.

The unit consists a sump of size 1250 x 300 x 300 mm height and a monoblock pump, capacity is
0.5 HP, single phase 220 V, 2800 RPM and pump of size 25 mm to discharge about 15 LPM at 30 m
total head.

EXPERIMENT
The apparatus is fitted with Piezometer tubes and scales at 09 cross sectional points,
along the experimental duct at suitable intervals for measurement of pressure head.
The area of flow section (a) is written on each one of these 09 sections. The velocity of
flow (V) can be calculated at each of these sections from the flow rate (Q) obtained
from the measuring tank that is V = Q/a from this velocity head V 2/2g can be calculated
for each section.

For the verification of Bernoullis Theorem, the velocity head when superposed over the hydraulic
gradient gives the energy gradient must be a level line. However, in the flow of need fluid, contain
losses of energy is inevitable and this can be readily seen by plating energy gradient. Such sets of
readings can be taken for different flow rated by adjusting the valve kept at the outlet.

For each set of readings:

Area of measuring tank A = Length x Breadth in (m) ; time for (h) 0.1 m rise in seconds. Rate of
flow
axh
Discharge

------------ m3

/s

Where,
a = Area of the measuring tank in meters= 0.3 m x 0.3 m

h = Rise of water level (say 10 cm) in meters.

t = Time in seconds for raise of water level

Since Z in the case of Horizontal flow Z 1 + P1/w+V21/2g = Z2 + P2/w+V22/2g

Where,

Z = Datum Head = 0
P = Pressure head
w = Specific weight of water 1000kg/ m
V = velocity = Q/A
A = Area of Duct at Pressure tapping
g = 9.81 Nm

Measurement of the duct as follows:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
S.
No.

at pressure tapping 1
at pressure tapping 2
at pressure tapping 3
at pressure tapping 4
at pressure tapping 5
at pressure tapping 6
at pressure tapping 7
at pressure tapping 8
at pressure tapping 9
Pressur Time taken
e head
for 10cm
(P)
rise of
water

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

39 x
36 x
31 x
33 x
35 x
36 x
38 x
40 x
41 x
Q

42mm
42mm
42mm
42mm
42mm
42mm
42mm
42mm
42mm
Velocity
Q/ A

m/sec

P1/w+V21/2g