Microsoft PowerPoint - Saft Viet-Boiler Training PDF

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd.
Water Treatment
Solution
7/24/2012
SM
Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air
H thng l hi
un nng nc sinh hi (T (oC) cao, P (bar) cao).
Dng hi ny s c s dng trong quy trnh sn xut, un
nng, chy turbin pht in hay dng cho cc ng dng
khc
C nhiu dng l hi
SM
Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

Solution
7/24/2012
iu kin, qu trnh hot ng
Nhit cao (> 170 o C)

p sut cao (21 Bar)
Sinh hi lin tc, b sung nc
mi lin tc c c tng.
SM
c c l g??
Qu trnh c c:
Do nc tinh khit bay hi li cht rn ha tan trong nc
l.
nc mi c cht rn ha tan cp thm vo l.
Hm lng cht rn ha tan trong l tng dn!! C c thm!!
Cng thc tnh c c C:

= tng lng nc cp vo l/ tng lng x y.
Ngoi ra c th tnh mt cch gn ng nhng d dng:
C = nng ion trong nc l / nng ion trong nc cp l.
Vd: C = SiO2 l / SiO2 cp l, Cl - l / Cl - cp l,
SM

Solution
7/24/2012
S hot ng
TDS (Total dissolved solids):
tng hm lng cht rn ha
tan (n v ppm hay mg/l)
Hi tinh khit
5 tn/gi @ 0 ppm TDS
Nc cp l
5 m3/gi
@ 50 ppm TDS
= 250 g/gi cht rn
L hi
C c 20 ln
= 1000 ppm TDS
Boiler
Blowdown
5% of nc cp l
250 lit/gi @ 1000 ppm
= 250 g/h cht rn
SM
Ti sao phi x l nc l??

iu kin hot ng
Nhit cao, p sut cao:
Tc n mn rt cao (tc n mn tng gp i khi
nhit tng 10 oC).
tan cc mui Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Al3+ , Fe3+ gim khi nhit
tng. ng cu.
Qu trnh sinh hi:

c c tng nng cc cht tan tng dn
vt qu kh nng tan ng cu
pH qu cao (>12) si bng.
SM

Solution
7/24/2012
Ti sao phi x l nc l??

n mn
Trong l hi (do O2 , H+)
H thng nc ngng (do O2 , CO2 )
Cu cn
Trong l hi (TH, Fe2+/3+, Silica, c c)
H thng s dng hi (do si bng)
Si bng (hi b nhim nc l hi).
SM
Tc hi ca cc vn trn
n mn:
H hng, lng ng.
To b mt cho cu pht trin.
Cu cn:
Gim hiu sut trao i nhit

Tiu hao nhin liu
Tnh trng qu nhit h hng thit b
Gy nn nguy c n mn cc b.
Si bng:
Gim hiu sut sinh hi.
Hi khng tinh khit nh hng vic s dng hi.
Gy tnh trng bm cu vo thit b s dng hi, thit b qu nhit
SM

Solution
7/24/2012
Nguyn nhn gy nn cc
vn trn
SM
n mn trong l hi (Corrosion)
n mn do acid (H+):
Fe + H+ Fe2+ + H2
n mn do O2 ho tan trong nc:

4Fe + O2 + 2H2O 4FeOOH
n mn do caustic:
Fe + 2NaOH + 2H 2O 2NaFeO2 + 3H2
Ngoi ra, caustic cn ho tan lp film bo
v b mt kim loi:
Fe3O4 + 4NaOH
2NaFeO 2 + Na2FeO2+ 2H2O
SM
10

Solution
7/24/2012
n mn trong l hi (Corrosion)
H+ trong l do:
C sn t nc ngun.
H+ trong hi v h thng nc ngng do:

Mui bicarbonat trong nc ngun nhiu, khi vo l b
nhit phn sinh CO2 bay theo hi v ngng t
Trong l:
Khi b ngng t:
HCO3- CO2 + CO32- + H2O

CO2 + H2O HCO3- + H+
O2 ho tan trong nc ngun v cha c kh ht

sau khi qua b kh kh.
Caustic trong l cao l do:
S dng NaOH qu nhiu.
c c ca l qu cao nng caustic ln.
SM
11
Cu cn trong l hi (Scale)
Cc loi cu thng gp:
Mui Sulphate, Silicat, Carbonat v Phosphate ca cng
(Ca2+ , Mg2+ )
G St, cc oxid st khi c n mn trong l v h thng
ngng
SM
12

Solution
7/24/2012
Nguyn nhn to cu trong l hi

Qu trnh kh cng khng tt lm lt cng vo l.
Nhit v p sut cao trong l lm gim tan ca
mt s cht rn ho tan.
S c c ca nc l nng cc cht rn ho
tan cao dn vt qu ngng tan to cu!!
S phn hu nhit ca cc mui bicarbonat tan to
thnh mui carbonat t tan hn:
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
SM
13
Hin tng si bng

L hin tng hi b nhim nc l:
Hin tng si bng do c hc:
Hin tng si bng do nc l (ho hc):
Priming
Foaming
Carry-over
SM
14

Solution
7/24/2012
Hin tng si bng

Nguyn nhn si bng do c hc:
Thit k ca l hi
Qu trnh vn hnh ca l hi
Nguyn nhn si bng do ho hc: do sc cng b

mt ca nc l cao, hnh thnh cc bt, bong bng
bn nn b ko theo hi. Sc cng b mt ca nc
cao do:
Nng cht kim (OH-) cao.
TDS v Silica cao.
Mt s cht hu c b nhim trong nc l.
SM
15
SM
16

Solution
7/24/2012
M hnh h thng l hi
RO
system
Vic x l tt nc cp cho l hi l cc k quan trng!!

SM
17
X l nc cp l (trc khi vo l)
Loi tr cc cht rn l lng, khng tan trong nc:
Ct lc ct
LoI tr cc cht rn tan c th to cu:

B kh st, ct lc than hot tnh
Kh cng (ct lm mm),
Kh khong (demineralize), thm thu ngc (Reverse
Osmosic).
LoI tr cc cht kh tan trong nc

Ct lc than hot tnh
B kh kh
Tng nhit bn nc cp
SM
18

Solution
7/24/2012
H thng thm thu ngc

Reverse Osmosic system
SM
19
Cc loi h thng lc nc
H thng lc trc tip
Lc ct, lc a tng
Lc li
Cross Flow Filtration
Reverse Osmosis (thm thu
ngc)
Lc Nano
Lc Ultra
Lc Micro
SM
20
10

Solution
7/24/2012
Nc
cp
Lc trc tip
Nc sau lc
SM
21
Lc trc tip
Nc sau lc
Cht rn nm trn b mt nhanh chng lm ngt mng lc, ct lc
SM
22
11

Solution
7/24/2012
Thi ra cng, h
thng nc thi
Lc trc tip
Ra ngc
SM
23

Nc
sau lc
Nc
cp
Nc c c
SM
24
12

Solution
7/24/2012
Membrane Surface
Nc sau lc
SM
25
S C C TRONG QU TRNH LC
SM
26
13

Solution
7/24/2012

Lu
Tc dng nc cp phi ln gi cho cc
cht rn di chuyn (khng ng li trn mng)
Tc dng thp s d dn n tt nghn b mt
mng lc.
Cng thu hi nhiu nc (sau lc) ngha l tc
dng cng thp.
SM
27
Kch thc cc thnh phn

trong nc
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
Micron
Micron
Micron
Micron
Micron
Micron
Micron
Cht tan
Cht khng tan

Media Filters
Cartridge Filtration
Microfiltration
Ultrafiltration
Nanofiltration (Reverse Osmosis)
Hyperfiltration (Reverse Osmosis)

SM
28
14

Solution
7/24/2012

Reverse Osmosis
Cht tan
Nanofiltration
Ion ha tr 2 (Ca & Mg)
Ultrafiltration
Cht hu c v cc ht keo
Microfiltration
Cht rn khng tan.
SM
29
Thm thu
Ct p thm thu
H2 O
Dung dch
nng cao
H2Nc
O
tinh
khit
H2 O
Dng nc sch
SM
30
15

Solution
7/24/2012
S cn bng
p sut , PF
p sut
H2 O
thm thu , PO,F
Nc tinh
khit
Dung dchH2 O
nng cao
H2 O
p sut thm thu, PO,P
Cn bng
SM
31
Thm thu ngc

y p sut, PF
p sut dng Permeate,
PP
p sut
H2 O
thm thu , PO,F
Nc tinh
khit
Dung dchH2 O
nng cao
H2 O
p sut thm thu, PO,P
Dng nc sch
SM
32
16

Solution
7/24/2012
p sut thm thu

100 ppm Salt
1 PSI Osmotic Pressure
1000 ppm NaCl
= 11.4 psi
1000 ppm NaHCO3
= 12.8 psi
1000 ppm Sucrose
= 1.5 psi
35,000 ppm Seawater
= 374 psi
SM
33
H thng RO loi tr c
Cc ion (m, dng)

Phn t trung ha
Cc hat keo, vi khun
Khng loi tr c cc
cht kh ha tan!
SM
34
17

Solution
7/24/2012
% Cc dng ion c lc
Ion
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Calcium
Silica
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Sulfate
TDS
Mg/l
68.0
21.0
21.0
80.0
9.3
51.0
132.0
163.0
528.0
% Rejection
99.4
99.4
99.8
99.8
98.9
99.5
99.3
99.8
99.6
Determined at 200 psi, 25% recovery, pH 7.8

on de-chlorinated city feed water with TFC membrane
SM
35
Lu
Thnh phn nh hng n
kh nng loi b
phn ly ion
in tch Ion
Khi lng phn t
phn ly ca phn t
SM
36
18

Solution
7/24/2012
Mt ct trong mt li lc RO
SM
37
Hng,
chiu ca
cc dng
nc
trong h
thng RO
SM
38
19

Solution
7/24/2012
% Nc Permeate thu hi
Permeate
Nc cp
Concentrate
SM
39
Flow Through a Pressure Vessel

mui cng ngy cng tng
Nc RO
Nc
cp vo
Nc c c
(nc mui
thi b)
SM
40
20

Solution
7/24/2012
H s c c v mi quan h vi %
thu hi
H s c c (x) = Lu lng dng nc cp
Lu lng dng nc mui
H s c c =
1
(1 % thu hi)
SM
41
Quan h gia % thu hi v h s c c

thu hi
H s c c
50%
75%
80%
4
5
90%
10
95%
20
97.5%
40
98%
50
SM
42
21

Solution
7/24/2012
Thnh phn nh hng n %

thu hi
Nng cc mui khong to cu
p sut thm thu
Cht lng nc sau lc
SM
43
Single-Stage RO System
TRAIN #1
FEED
PERMEATE
HIGH
PRESSURE
PUMP
TRAIN #2
BRINE
VESSEL
ELEMENTS
SM
44
22

Solution
7/24/2012
Cc nguy c trong h thng RO

Cu cn trong mng lc:
Do c s c c Nguy c ng cu trn mng lc.
Vi sinh pht trin trong mng lc:

Cc vi khun c th pht trin trong mng lc lm gim kh
nng lc
Tc hi:
v gim kh nng lc ca h thng RO
v tng p sut dng nc cp
v gim lu lng, p sut dng Permeate
v Gy nt gy, h mng lc khi p sut nc cp tng qu
ln.
SM
45
Cu cn thng gp trn mng lc

Calcium carbonate
Calcium sulphate
Barium sulphate
Iron
Silica
SM
46
23

Solution
7/24/2012
SILICA FOULING
SM
47
X l cho h thng RO
Cu cn:
Tng vn tc dng nc mui (gim % thu hi).
S dng ha cht chng ng cu (PC191)
CIP cleaning cho mng lc khi p tng cao.
Vi sinh:
X l vi sinh nc cp u vo (Chlorine, UV, )
S dng cht dit khun cho nc vo RO.
CIP cleaning cho mng lc khi p tng cao.
SM
48
24

Solution
7/24/2012
Ha cht chng cu cho h thng RO

PC191
SM
49
Cu hi??
SM
50
25

Solution
7/24/2012
B kh kh (De-aerator)
Cng dng:
Kh cc kh ha tan trong nc (O2, CO2).
Gim lng ha cht chng n mn (kh O2 v tng pH)
Cc loi kh kh:
Kh kh p sut
Kh kh chn khng.
C ch hot ng:
tan ca cc cht kh gim khi nhit tng (kh kh p sut).
tan ca cc cht kh gim khi p sut hi gim (kh kh chn
khng.
SM
51
B kh kh nh my
ng x
kh
Nc
mm
Nc
ngng
c Oxi
Hi
cp
vo
Nc ngng
khng c Oxi
102o C 105o C
Ra b ly mu
nc cp l
X y bng X trn bng

val tay
val in
SM
Vo bm cp
nc l
52
26

Solution
7/24/2012
B kh kh nh my
C ch v iu kin hot ng:
Nc mm v nc ngng c ha trn trc tng
nhit .
Cc mm (tray) vi nhiu l nh gip phn chia dng nc
thnh cc ht nh tng din tch tip xc nc nng
nhanh hn v cc kh ha tan c th tch nhanh hn.
T cn thit ca bn nc cp l 100 105 oC
P hot ng 5 10 pisg.
Kt qu kh kh:
Oxi ha tan (DO): 7 40 ppb O2
Kh carbonic (CO2): gn nh kh hon ton, hm lng cn
li khng ng ngi.
SM
53
tan ca Oxi trong nc ct

Oxygen - ppm
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
60
10 psi
5 psi
0
10" VAC
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
Temperature - F
SM
54
27

Solution
7/24/2012
Phi c hi thot ra ng x kh!!
SM
55
Chng trnh x l nc cp l
Cht lng nc cp l:
STT
Ch tiu
n v
Gii hn
pH
Hm lng St tng
8.5-9.5
cng tng
Silica
mg/l theo SiO2
<3
Chloride
mg/l theo NaCl
< 50
mg/l theo Fe
<0.1
ppm theo CaCO3
< 0.5
X l nc cp l ch yu ph thuc vo thit b x
l nc cp (ct lc, RO, ct kh kh). Ho cht ch
dng x l phn nh cn li m thit b khng x
l ht v d phng cho nhng trng hp ngoi
mun!!
SM
56
28

Solution
7/24/2012
X DNG HA CHT
X L NC L HI
SM
57
Chng n mn
Do acid (H+)
Trong bn nc cp v l hi:
S dng cc loi ha cht lm tng pH, kim nh NaOH,
Na2 CO3 , Nalco 214, Nalco 2584
Phn ng trung ha:
OH- + H+ H2 O
Lun gi pH trong nc l > 10.5 v > 9.2 trong nc cp l bo
m khng cn H+.
Chng n mn ng hi v h thng nc ngng:

S dng cc amin bay hi trung ha CO2 bay theo hi: Nalco 352,
Nalco 356, Nalco 55211, Nalco 55212
Phn ng:
CO2 + H2 O + RNH2 RNH3 + + HCO3 Lun gi pH nc ngng trong khong 8.3 9.0
SM
58
29

Solution
7/24/2012
Chng n mn
Do Oxi ha tan (DO)
Phn Oxi ho tan cn li m ct kh kh khng
kh ht, dng cht kh Oxi (oxygen scavenger)
cng vi cht xc tc y nhanh vn tc phn
ng kh Oxi, khng Oxi c th i vo l!!
S dng cht kh Oxi gc Sulfite (Nalco 19PULV,
Nalco 1720, Nalco 2548)
Na2 SO3 + O2 Na2 SO4
Hm lng Sulfite trong nc l: 50 100 mg/l as Na2S O 3.
Ngoi ra cn c rt nhiu cht kh Oxi khc gc hydrazine
carbonhydrazide, ascorbic,
SM
59
Chng n mn
SM
60
30

Solution
7/24/2012
Chng ng cu
m bo cht lng nc cp l
cng tng:
< 1 ppm theo CaCO3.
Hm lng St:
< 0.1 ppm theo Fe.
Hm lng cht rn khng tan: < 2 mg/l.
Ch x y hp l
Gi c c cng nh nng cc cht trong l khng
vt qu ngng tan.
S dng ha cht chng ng cu: Nalco 22310,

22320, Nalco 7208,
SM
61
Qu trnh pht trin ca l hi v cc

loi ha cht chng cu
Nhu cu d dng kim tra v iu chnh
NexGuard @
2000s
Cu cn gy h l
1920s
CT kt bng
1930s
B mt sch, p sut cao hn
CT Phosphate & trao I ion
Nhu cu cn hi nc
1800s l hi xut hin
Nhu cu cn l hi sch
1980s Cc cht Polymer
Khng hong nng lng

1970s
Chelant
SM
62
31

Solution
7/24/2012
evolve your boiler
SM
63
NexGuard @
Cc thnh phn chnh v cng dng:
Cc dy Polymer hu c tng cng kh nng phn tn St,
Silica, v cc cht rn khng tan.
Cc cht to phc tan vi cng Ca 2+, Mg 2+.
cng, st, Silica c chuyn ra ngoi thng qua

x y (Transport Plus).
Vo
L hi
Ra
Cng ngh Trasar #3: d dng o t v kim sot hm

lng ha cht s dng vi Trasar pen #3
SM
64
32

Solution
7/24/2012
NexGuard @
Ca+2
-
polymer chain
Mg+2
Phc Polymer mang in tch m kt hp vi ion

Ca2+ & Mg2+, gip cc ion ny tan trong nc.
SM
65
NexGuard @
Polymer
Iron
particle
Iron
particle
Cc ht St khng b kt t, l lng trong nc v

c loi b qua x y!!
SM
66
33

Solution
7/24/2012
NexGuard @
Tch hp cng ngh hunh quang

Trasar #3:
D dng trong s dng

D dng kim tra nng ha cht
An ton khng c hi
Cho kt qu nhanh chng
D bo qun, hiu chnh thit b
SM
67
NexGuard 22310
SM
68
34

Solution
7/24/2012
Chng si bng
Chng si bng do nguyn nhn c hc:
Vn hnh l theo ng quy nh, khng ly hi t ngt
Mc nc trong l khng c qu cao
n nh ch t l

Chng si bng do nguyn nhn ho hc:
X y l hp l.
Trnh du m b nhim vo l.
S dng ho cht chng si bng lm gim sc cng
b mt ca dung dch (Nalco 750).
SM
69
Cc ch tiu cn kim sot cho nc l

o mu 1 ca/ln
ly mu tI b ly mu ca l hi (cn phI x nc
nhiu trc khi ly mu).
STT
Ch tiu
pH
dn in
Silica
n v
Gii hn
10.5-12
S/cm
< 1000
mg/l theo SiO2
< 150
cng tng
ppm theo CaCO3
<1
O-alkalinity
ppm theo CaCO3
50-500
Sulphite
ppm theo Na2SO3
50-100
Nexguard
mg/l
80 250
St
mg/l theo Fe
<3
c c
< 50
SM
70
35

Solution
7/24/2012
Bin php x l khi ch tiu khng t
Tham kho hng dn x dng ha cht x l l hi
Mt s lu khi thc hin x l:

Ch tiu cng phi lun c m bo, khng cho cng lt
vo l.
Ch tiu Sulphite, Nexguard v pH phi ln hn gii hn di, khi
khng t phi tng hm lng ha cht tng ng ngay lp tc.
Khng bao gi c tt bm Nalco 1720!!
Vic gim ha cht phi tin hnh t t v theo di (khng nn gim
qu nhanh dn n thiu ha cht rt nguy him) Gii hn trn ca
ha cht nhm khng dng qu d ha cht, khng gy hI cho h
thng khi vt qu ngng ny (tr gi tr pH).
SM
71
Cc lu khi kim tra nc l

Cc ch tiu nc l thay i do c c, nn cc ch
tiu bin i kh tng ng. Khi c bt k mt ch tiu
no khng hp l, phi kim tra li cng nh ly mu
li xem xt v tm nguyn nhn vn .
Ch tiu Sulphite lun do lin ngay sau khi ly mu
nc l (phi lm ngui n < 45oC).
Lm ngui n < 45 oC khi o dn in v pH.
SM
72
36

Solution
7/24/2012
Cu hi ??
SM
73
Xin cm n!!
SM
74
37

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Nhat Quang Co., Ltd.

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

iu kin, qu trnh hot ng

Nhit cao (> 170 o C)

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Cng thc tnh c c C:

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

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Ti sao phi x l nc l??

Qu trnh sinh hi:

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

Ti sao phi x l nc l??

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Gim hiu sut trao i nhit

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

n mn do O2 ho tan trong nc:

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

H+ trong hi v h thng nc ngng do:

HCO3- CO2 + CO32- + H2O

O2 ho tan trong nc ngun v cha c kh ht

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

Nguyn nhn to cu trong l hi

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Hin tng si bng

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

Hin tng si bng

Nguyn nhn si bng do ho hc: do sc cng b

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

Vic x l tt nc cp cho l hi l cc k quan trng!!

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

LoI tr cc cht rn tan c th to cu:

LoI tr cc cht kh tan trong nc

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Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

H thng thm thu ngc

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

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Cross Flow Filtration

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Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

Cross Flow Filtration

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air

Nhat Quang Co., Ltd. Water Treatment

Cross Flow Filtration

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air