Performance troubleshooting

using Active Session History

OUG Ireland
Conference 2012
Marcin Przepirowski

Intro : About me
Oracle DBA / consultant / trainer since 2000
Oracle ACE since 2010
Blogger - http://oracleprof.blogspot.com/

Agenda

Performance tuning problems and goals

DBTime is money
Average Active Session
Active Session History
Case study

Performance tuning
Define a metrics to measure
best metrics are related to time
and business activities
Compare performance with system baseline
and business goals
IT

USER

Tuning goals
99 % of response time for SQL/business
transaction has to be X seconds, rest has to be
maximum Y seconds
For 99 % of executions - X number of
rows/business operations have to be
processed in Y seconds

DBTime is money
DB Time
Oracle doc Database time represents the total
time spent in database calls, and is an indicator of
the total instance workload
Sum of CPU time and not idle wait time (IO and
others)
ASH samples counts = DB Time in seconds
(proof in DB Time Oracle Performance Tuning: Theory and Practice by
Graham Wood, John Beresniewicz)

DB Time
DB Time increase when system load increase
number of active sessions increase
number of calls increase

DB Time increase when system

throughput/performance decrease
IO time increase
non-idle events time increase (locks, network
problems)
7

Average Active Session

Average Active Session
AAS = DB Time / Elapsed clock time
Average Active Session using ASH samples

AAS = ASH samples ( t=1s)/ Elapsed clock time

For more detail go to Appendix A
of Average active sessions: the magic metric ? By John Beresniewicz
8

Average Active Session

Time
t0

t1

AAS = (DB TIME(t1) DB TIME(t0) ) / (t1 t0)

9

Average Active Session

Time
t0
2

t1
2

No of samples

AAS = ASH samples/ (t1 t0)

10

AAS using ASH

DB TIME
ASH samples
Time
t0

t1

Be aware of using small number of samples poor

and misleading results
More samples better results
11

Average Active Session

Total upper AAS boundary is equal to number
of sessions connected to instance
AAS 0 database is idle
AAS < no of CPU no system bottleneck

AAS >> no of CPU database bottleneck

12

Average Active Session - CPU

Upper boundary for CPU class number of
CPU cores
If CPU class is close to upper boundary there is
a CPU bottleneck in the system

13

Average Active Session - IO

Upper boundary for IO vs. maximum system
IO/s
Single IO operation time
single block read
multiple block read

Number of IO requests in one ASH sample

#IO requests / sample 1 s / max ( sbrt, mbrt )

14

Average Active Session - IO

System max IO/s = 8000 IO/s
Avg IO time = 5 ms (0.005 s)
Max #IO per ASH sample = 1 / 0.005 = 200

Upper boundary for User/System IO class is

8000 / 200 = 40
15

Active Session History

Active Session History is system-wide activity
trace
Active sessions are sampled and keep inmemory
Active != Idle - not idle event or on CPU
Sampled every second
Inserted into circular buffer in SGA
MMON Light take care about it
16

Active Session History

Started with first release of Oracle 10g
Enhancement in all next versions number of
columns/metrics increased
Together with AWR can provide historical
information every 1/10 of samples are store
in persistent tables

17

Active Session History

45 columns in 10.2.0.4
66 columns in 11.1.0.7
93 columns in 11.2.0.1
Important new columns:
- sql_plan_line_id 11g
- machine 11gR2
- delta columns 11gR2

18

Active Session History

V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
Main view based on in-memory X$ASH table.
Circular buffer size from 1 to 128 MB
about 2 MB / CPU.
Flushed to disk:
- every hour / AWR sample
- when buffer is 2/3 full
19

Active Session History

DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY
Flushed history of ASH persistent table
1/10 of sampled data
Partitioned for easier purging
Part of AWR system

20

Using ASH ON CPU

Column name

Value

SESSION_STATE

ON CPU

WAIT_TIME

Non zero value

EVENT, P1, P2, P3,

CURRENT_OBJ#,
CURRENT_FILE#,
CURRENT_BLOCK#

Maybe not cleared

from previous event

21

Using ASH - WAITING

Column name

Value

SESSION_STATE

WAITING

WAIT_TIME

TIME_WAITED

only last sample is

updated/fixed after
event DO NOT use in
ASH calculations

22

Using ASH - WAITING

SQL> select sample_time, event, TIME_WAITED from
v$active_session_history where session_id = 170
and sql_id = '6548zp29zsqgj' order by 1;
SAMPLE_TIME
-----------------08.39.59.483 AM
08.40.00.483 AM
08.40.01.483 AM
08.40.02.483 AM
. . .
08.40.18.503 AM
08.40.19.503 AM

EVENT
TIME_WAITED
------------------------------- ----------enq: TX - row lock contention
0
enq: TX - row lock contention
0
enq: TX - row lock contention
0
enq: TX - row lock contention
0
enq: TX - row lock contention
enq: TX - row lock contention

0
21295426

23

Using ASH - WAITING

EVENTS 1142 in 11.2.0.2
WAIT CLASS
Concurrency
User I/O
System I/O
Administrative
Other
Configuration

Cluster
Application
Queuing
Scheduler
Network
Commit
24

ASH - Math
Use count(*) for calculate wait or ON CPU
time
Group by session_id, sql_id, client_id, etc....
As ASH is a sample do not use time_waited
column in calculations:
sum(time_waited)
avg(time_waited)
etc.
25

ASH - Math
Example of query Profile of SQL queries from ASH
select
sql_id,
event,
count(*) cnt
from v$active_session_history
group by sql_id,event

26

Using ASH - time

sample_time when it happen
Using samples across time
in-memory 1 second sample
on-disk 10 second sample

select count(*)
from v$active_session_history ...
select count(*) * 10
from dba_hist_active_sess_history ...
27

Using ASH - Drilldown

session_id
user_id
program
module
action
machine
client_id

sql_id
pl/sql
blocking_session
object
file
etc.

28

Top SQL
select sql_id,
round((count(*) / sum(count(*)) over
())*100,2) ActPct
from v$active_session_history
where sql_id is not null
and sample_time > sysdate5/1440
group by sql_id
order by ActPct

29

Top Session
select session_id, round((count(*) /
sum(count(*)) over ())*100,2) ActPct
from v$active_session_history
where
sample_time > sysdate5/1440
group by session_id
order by ActPct desc

30

Top program
select program, round((count(*) /
sum(count(*)) over ())*100,2) ActPct
from v$active_session_history
where
sample_time > sysdate5/1440
group by program
order by ActPct desc

31

Blocking session
select
session_id, event, blocking_session
from v$active_session_history
where
blocking_session is not null
and sample_time > sysdate - 5/1440;

32

OEM 11g

33

OEM 12c ASH Analytics

34

OEM 12c ASH Analytics

35

OEM 12c ASH Analytics

36

OEM 12c ASH Analytics

37

OEM 12c ASH Analytics

38

ASH availability

Oracle 10g onwards

Oracle Enterprise Edition only
Diagnostic and Tuning Pack required
Accessibility:
Oracle Enterprise Manager Performance Tab
Text / html reports ASHRPT.SQL
V$ and DBA_HIST tables

39

Other options
3rd party products DB Optimizer, I3, Spotlight
Free solution Simulating-ASH
http://ashmasters.com/
https://sourceforge.net/projects/orasash
https://github.com/pioro/orasash
Interactive ASH tool with statistics
Snapper v. 3.0. by Tanel Poder
40

Case study

Average Active Sessions vs. system throughput

Is big stuff always a problem ?
Do I need to investigate a big stuff ?
Compare it with throughput first DB Time
will increase when system load increase

41

Case study

AverageTransactions/s - 80.23

AverageTransactions/s - 98.18

42

Case Study

Average Active Session system load

Load profile
SQL plan flip
SQL query profile

43

AAS system load

select mtime, round(sum(c1),2) AAS_WAIT,
round(sum(c2),2) AAS_CPU,
round(sum(cnt),2) AAS
from ( select
to_char(sample_time,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24) mtime,
decode(session_state,'WAITING',count(*),0)/360 c1,
decode(session_state,'ON CPU',count(*),0) /360 c2,
count(*)/360 cnt
from dba_hist_active_sess_history
group by to_char(sample_time,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24'),
session_state
)
group by mtime order by mtime;
44

AAS system load

MTIME
AAS_WAIT AAS_CPU
AAS
------------- -------- ------- -----2012-03-03 08
6.36
4.23 10.58
2012-03-03 09
17.91
6.64 24.54
2012-03-03 10
33.10
8.63 41.73
2012-03-03 11
29.34
8.90 38.24
2012-03-03 12
29.76
8.76 38.52
2012-03-03 13
33.30
9.59 42.89
2012-03-03 14
38.02
9.40 47.42
2012-03-03 15
21.05
6.11 27.16
2012-03-03 16
3.81
1.63
5.44
2012-03-03 17
3.84
1.41
5.25
45

AAS system load

46

Load profile
select * from (
select
decode(session_state,'WAITING',event,'ON CPU'),
count(*) cnt,
count(*) / (sum(count(*)) over ()) * 100 pct
from dba_hist_active_sess_history
where
sample_time between X and Y
group by
decode(session_state,'WAITING',event,'ON CPU')
order by cnt desc
) where rownum <= 5;
47

Load profile
EVENT
CNT
PCT
------------------------------ ---------- ------enq: US - contention
8059
53.65
ON CPU
3107
20.68
db file sequential read
645
4.29
latch: undo global data
536
3.57
enq: TX - row lock contention
446
2.97
ON CPU
db file sequential read
enq: US - contention
LNS wait on SENDREQ
LGWR-LNS wait on channel

1347
524
365
215
201

38.38
14.93
10.40
6.13
5.73

48

SQL plan flip

select sql_id, count(*)
from (
select distinct sql_id, sql_plan_hash_value
from dba_hist_active_sess_history
where sql_opname <> 'INSERT' and user_id = X
and sql_plan_hash_value <> 0)
group by sql_id
having count(*) > 1
order by 2;

49

SQL plan flip

SQL_ID
COUNT(*)
------------- ---------a7rf2v00g2y9t
2
8w2904am00nbq
2
dyuz1k3bdr36s
2
7upuf7wbk7nbf
2
da6wsxtsz2ftk
3

gur9jrbxvbvur

No sql_opname filter

50

SQL plan flip ?

select distinct sql_id, sql_plan_hash_value
from dba_hist_active_sess_history
where sql_id = 'gur9jrbxvbvur';
SQL_ID
SQL_PLAN_HASH_VALUE
------------- ------------------gur9jrbxvbvur
2263242137
gur9jrbxvbvur
3926490670
select sql_id from v$sql
where plan_hash_value = 3926490670;
SQL_ID
------------62fbdqwqht3x1
51

Lazy clean up
select *
from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor
('62fbdqwqht3x1',null));
SQL_ID 62fbdqwqht3x1, child number 0
------------------------------------select KVAL_SEQUENCE.nextval from dual
Plan hash value: 3926490670
---------------------|
0 | SELECT STATEMENT |
|
1 | SEQUENCE
|
|
2 |
FAST DUAL
|
52

SQL plan flip

select
distinct sql_id, sql_plan_hash_value, sql_opname
from dba_hist_active_sess_history
where sql_id = 'dyuz1k3bdr36s';
SQL_ID
SQL_PLAN_HASH_VALUE SQL_OPNAME
------------- ------------------- ----------dyuz1k3bdr36s
760792886 SELECT
dyuz1k3bdr36s
2913971644 SELECT

53

SQL plan flip

select
to_char(sample_time, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24') sample_time,
sql_id, sql_plan_hash_value
from dba_hist_active_sess_history
where
sql_id = 'dyuz1k3bdr36s'
group by
to_char(sample_time, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24'),
sql_id, sql_plan_hash_value
order by sample_time;

54

SQL plan flip

SAMPLE_TIME
------------2012-03-01 08
2012-03-01 09
2012-03-01 10
2012-03-01 10
2012-03-01 11
. . .
2012-03-02 11
2012-03-02 12
2012-03-02 12
2012-03-02 13
2012-03-02 14

SQL_ID
SQL_PLAN_HASH_VALUE
------------- ------------------dyuz1k3bdr36s
760792886
dyuz1k3bdr36s
760792886
dyuz1k3bdr36s
760792886
dyuz1k3bdr36s
2913971644
dyuz1k3bdr36s
2913971644
dyuz1k3bdr36s
dyuz1k3bdr36s
dyuz1k3bdr36s
dyuz1k3bdr36s
dyuz1k3bdr36s

2913971644
760792886
2913971644
760792886
760792886
55

SQL query profile

select sql_plan_hash_value, sql_exec_id,
count(*) cnt
from dba_hist_active_sess_history
where sample_time between X and Y
and sql_id = 'dyuz1k3bdr36s'
group by sql_plan_hash_value,sql_exec_id
order by sql_plan_hash_value, cnt;
SQL_PLAN_HASH_VALUE SQL_EXEC_ID
CNT
------------------- ----------- ---------760792886
17324679
1
2913971644

17324251

51
56

SQL query profile

select
decode(session_state,'WAITING',event,'ON CPU'),
count(*) cnt
from dba_hist_active_sess_history
where sql_id = 'dyuz1k3bdr36s'
and SQL_EXEC_ID = 999999999
group by
decode(session_state,'WAITING',event,'ON CPU')
order by cnt;

57

SQL query profile

SQL EXEC ID - 17324255
EVENT
CNT
----------------------------- ---------db file sequential read
3
ON CPU
6
db file scattered read
41
SQL EXEC ID - 17324679
EVENT
CNT
----------------------------- ---------db file scattered read
1

58

Q&A
59