Cc loi cu iu kin:

Type

Forms

Usage

If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/cu mnh

lnh

If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall...... +
Vo

k c th xy ra
hin ti tng lai

If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/

Should...+ Vo

k khng c tht
hin ti

If + S + Had + V3/Ved, S + would/

could...+ have + V3/Ved

k khng c tht
trong qu kh

k kt
hp

If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + Vo

3 Loi cu iu kin trong ting anh

(1) Cu iu kin loi I

Khi nim v cu iu kin loi 1

Cu iu kin loi I cn c gi l cu iu kin c thc hin ti.

iu kin c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai.

Cu trc - Cng thc cu iu kin loi 1

If + S + V (hin ti), S + will + V (nguyn mu)
IF + Ch ng 1 + ng t chia th hin ti n + B ng, Ch ng 2 + WILL + ng
t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c).
Ni cch khc, cu iu kin loi 1, mnh IF dng th hin ti n, mnh chnh
dng th tng lai n.

Ch ng 1 v ch ng 2 c th trng nhau. B ng c th khng c, ty ngha

ca cu. Mnh IF v mnh chnh c th ng trc hay sau u c.

Trong cu iu kin loi I, ng t ca mnh iu kin chia th hin ti n,

cn ng t trong mnh chnh chia th tng lai n. V d:

If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you. (Nu anh vo vn ca ti, con ch
ca ti s cn anh .)
If it is sunny, I will go fishing. (Nu tri nng tt, ti s i cu c.)
Cch dng cu iu kin loi 1:
Cu iu kin loi 1 cn c th c gi l cu iu kin hin ti c th c tht. Ta s
dng cu iu kin loi 1 t ra mt iu kin c th thc hin c trong hin ti
v nu kt qu c th xy ra. ng php ting anh

(2) Cu iu kin loi II

Khi nim v cu iu kin loi 2:

Cu iu kin loi II cn c gi l cu iu kin khng c thc hin ti.

iu kin khng th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai, iu kin ch l mt gi

thit, mt c mun tri ngc vi thc trng hin ti.

Cu trc cu iu kin loi 2

If + S + V (qu kh), S + would + V (nguyn mu)
- Trong cu iu kin loi II, ng t ca mnh iu kin chia bang thi cch (past
subjunctive), ng t ca mnh chnh chia th iu kin hin ti (simple
conditional). Ch : Bng thi cch (Past subjunctive) l hnh thc chia ng t ging
ht nh th qu kh n, ring ng t to be th dng were cho tt c cc ngi.
V d:

If I were a bird, I would be very happy. (Nu ti l mt con chim, ti s rt hnh

phc.) <= ti khng th l chim c

If I had a million USD, I would buy that car. (Nu ti c mt triu la, ti s mua
chic xe .) <= hin ti ti khng c

(3) Cu iu kin loi III

Khi nim v cu iu kin loi 3:

Cu iu kin loi III l cu iu kin khng c thc trong qu kh.

iu kin khng th xy ra trong qu kh, ch mang tnh c mun trong qu

kh, mt gi thit tri ngc vi thc trng qu kh.

Cu trc cu iu kin loi 3

If + S + had + P.P (qu kh phn t), S + would + have + P.P
- Trong cu iu kin loi III, ng t ca mnh iu kin chia qu kh phn t, cn ng
t ca mnh chnh chia iu kin hon thnh (perfect conditional). V d:

If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the movies. (Nu
hm qua n n thm ti th ti a n i xem phim ri.)

If I hadnt been absent yesterday, I would have met him. (Nu hm qua ti

khng vng mt th ti gp mt anh ta ri.)

NNG CAO:
1. Cu iu Kin Din T Thi Quen Hoc Mt S Tht Hin Nhin

Cu iu kin ny din t mt thi quen, mt hnh ng thng xuyn xy ra nu iu

kin c p ng, hoc din t mt s tht hin nhin, mt kt qu tt yu xy ra.hc
ting anh
Cu trc: If + S + V (hin ti), S + V (hin ti)

Tt c ng t trong cu (mnh chnh v mnh iu kin) u c chia

th hin ti n.

Nu din t thi quen, trong mnh chnh thng xut hin thm: often,
usually, or always. V d:
o

I often drink milk if I do not sleep at night. (Ti thng ung sa nu nh

ti thc trng m.)

I usually walk to school if I have enough time. (Ti thng i b n

trng nu ti c thi gian.)

If you heat ice, it turns to water. (Nu bn lm nng nc , n s chy

ra.)

If we are cold, we shiver. (Nu b lnh, chng ta s run ln.)

2. Cu iu kin Hn hp:
Trong ting Anh c nhiu cch khc nhau c dng din t iu kin trong mnh
ch iu kin vi "If". Ngoi 3 loi chnh nu trn, mt s loi sau cng c s dng
trong giao tip v ngn ng vit:V d: If he worked harder at school, he would be a
student now. (He is not a student now) If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now.
3. Cu iu kin dng o.
Trong ting Anh cu iu kin loi 2/3, Type 2 v Type 3 thng c dng dng
o.
V d: Were I the president, I would build more hospitals. Had I taken his advice, I would
be rich now.
o ng ca cu iu kin
1.o ng cu iu kin loi 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo

If he has free time, hell play tennis. => Should he have free time, hell play tennis

2. o ng cu iu kin loi 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo

If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. => Were I to learn Russian, I
would read a Russian book

3. o ng cu iu kin loi 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved

If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. => Had he trained hard,
he would have won the match.

If not = Unless.
- Unless cng thng c dng trong cu iu kin - lc Unless = If not. V d:

Unless we start at once, we will be late.

If we don't start at once we will be late.

Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams.

If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams.

Mt s bin th ca cu iu kin:
Sau y l bin th c th c ca cc cm ng t trong cc v ca cu iu kin loi I:
GI NH C THT (Real conditions)
LOI I
A. Bin th ca cm ng t trong mnh chnh (main clause)
- i vi trng hp mun nhn mnh tnh c th xy ra s vic
If + present simple, ... may/might + V-inf.
Ex. If the weather gets worse, the flight may/might be delayed.
- i vi trng hp th hin s ng , cho php, gi
If + present simple, ... may/can + V-inf.
Ex. If it stops raining, we can go out.
- i vi cu gi , khuyn rn, ngh hoc yu cu nhng nhn mnh v hnh ng
If + present simple, ... would like to/must/have to/should... + V-inf.
Ex. If you go to the library today, I would like to go with you.
If you want to lose weight, you should do some exercise.
- i vi trng hp mun din t hu qu tt yu ca iu kin t ra theo quy lut
hoc thi quen
If + present simple, present simple.
Ex. If you eat this poisonous fruit, you die at once.
If you boil water, it turns to vapor.
- i vi trng hp c th xy ra trong tng lai v nhn mnh trng thi din ra/hon
thnh ca s vic
If + present simple, future continuous/future perfect.
Ex. If we leave Hanoi for Hue today, we shall be staying in Hue tomorrow.
If you do your home work right now, you will have finished it in 2 hours' time.
- i vi cu mnh lnh (ch ng n mnh chnh)
If + present simple, (do not) V-inf.
Ex. If you are hungry, go to a restaurant.
If you feel cold, don't open the door.
- i vi cu khuyn rn, trong trng hp ny khng thc s l mt cu iu kin bi
"if" mang ngha nh "as, since, because"
If + present simple, why do (not) + V-inf.
Ex. If you like the movie, why don't you go to the cinema?
B. Bin th ca cm ng t trong mnh iu kin (if-clause)

- i vi trng hp ang xy ra ngay trong hin ti

If + present continuous, simple future.
Ex. If he is working, I won't disturb him.
If you are doing exercises, I shall wait.
If I am playing a nice game, don't put me to bed.(tng ng simple future)
- i vi trng hp khng chc v thi gian ca iu kin c tht m nhn mnh tnh
hon tt ca n
If + present perfect, simple future.
Ex. If you have finished your homework, I shall ask for your help.
- i vi cu gi nhng nhn mnh v iu kin
If + would like to + V-inf, ... will/can/must/nothing + V-inf.
Ex. If you would like to go to the library today, I can/will go with you.
- i vi cu ngh, gi , by t kin mang tnh lch s
If + can/may/must/have to/should/be going to + V-inf, simple future.
Ex. If I can help you, I will.
If I may get into the room now, I shan't feel cold.
If I must/have to take the oral test, I shall feel afraid.
If you are going to go to University, you must study hard before an entrance
examination.
If you should see her tomorrow, please tell her to phone me at once. (tng ng
probably)
Lu : Trong cu "if + subject + should + V-inf.", should c th c a ln u cu
thay "if"
Should + V-inf., simple future.
Ex. Should you see him on the way home from work, please tell him to call on me
Tng t nh vy, ta c mt s bin th t ph bin hn ca cm ng t i vi GI
NH KHNG C THC (unreal conditions loi II v III), tu vo vic mun nhn mnh
v trng thi din tin hay hon thnh ca s vic trong mnh iu kin hoc s
vic trong mnh chnh.
LOI II.
A. Mnh chnh (main clause)
- If + past simple, ... would/should/could/might/had to/ought to + be V-ing.
Ex. If we left Hanoi for Hue this morning, we would be staying in Hue tomorrow.
- If + past simple, past simple. (vic xy ra)
Ex. If the goalkeeper didn't catch the ball, they lost.
- If + past simple, ... would be + V-ing.
Ex. If I were on holiday with him, I would/might be touring Italy now.
- If dng nh "as, since, because" c th kt hp vi ng t nhiu th khc nhau
trong mnh chnh v khng thc s l mt cu iu kin.
Ex. If you knew her troubles, why didn't you tell me?
B. Mnh ph (if-clause)
- If + past continuous, ... would/could + V-inf.
Ex. If we were studying English in London now, we could speak English much better.
- If + past perfect, ... would/could + V-inf.
Ex. If you had taken my advice, you would be a millionaire now.

LOI III
A. Mnh chnh (main clause)
- If + past perfect, ... could/might + present perfect.
Ex. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.
- If + past perfect, present perfect continuous.
Ex. If you had left Hanoi for Haiphong last Saturday, you would have been swimming in
Doson last Sunday.
- If + past perfect, ... would + V-inf.
Ex. If she had followedmy advice, she would be richer now.
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now.
B. Mnh ph (if-clause)
- If + past perfect continuous, ... would + present perfect.
Ex. If it hadn't been raining the whole week, I would have finished the laundry
Cc trng hp dng "wish" th cng tng t, chia lm 3 loi, cch dng nh bn
NHH ni trn v c 1 s bin th tng t nh.
i vi trng hp "if" c s dng nh mt lin t dng bt u mt mnh
ph trng ng ch iu kin v thi gian, lc ny "if = when". Vy "if" v "when" khc
nhau th no?
- WHEN: c dng khi din t mt iu g chc chn xy ra.
Ex. I am going to do some shopping today. When I go shopping, I'll buy you some
coffee.
- IF: c dng khi din t mt iu khng chc chn (c th hoc khng th) xy ra
trong tng lai.
Ex. I may go shopping today. If I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee.
Lu : ng t chnh trong mnh ph trng ng bt u bng "when" hoc "if" lun
th present simple mc d hnh ng s xy ra trong tng lai.
Ex. When/If he arrives tomorrow, I'll tell him about it

Bi tp thc hnh v Cu iu Kin

Lu : Bn c th ng k tham gia kho hc ting anh cho ngi mt cn bn ti
Academy.vn xem p n phn bi tp di y & luyn thm bi tp thc hnh cc
kin thc ting anh c bn . ng k ti y
REVISION OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I- Choose the most suitable tense
1- I cant understand what he sees in her! If anyone treats / will treat / treated me like
that, I am / will be / would be extremely angry.
2- If you help / helped me with this exercise, I will do / would do the same for you one
day.
3- According to the timetable, if the train leaves / left on time, we will / would arrive at
5.30.
4- If it is / will be fine tomorrow, we go / will go to the coast.
5- If we find / found a taxi, we will get / would get there before the play starts.
6- Its quite simple really. If you take / will take / took these tablets every day, then
youlose / will lose / lost / would lose weight.
7- I dont like this flat. I think I will be / I am / Id be happier if I lived / live / will
live /would live in a house in the country.

8- I cant play football, but Im sure that if I will do / do / did, I play / will play / would
play a lot better than anyone in this awful team.
9- I phone / will phone / phone you tonight, are you / will you be / would you be in?
10- Why didnt you tell me? If you told / had told me, I had / would have helpedyou.
11- If Bill didnt stea l/ hadnt stolen the car, he werent / wouldnt be / hadnt beenin
prison now.
12- If Ann werent driving / didnt drive / hadnt driven so fast, her car didnt
crash /wouldnt crash / wouldnt have crashed into a tree.
13- Let me give some advice. If you smoked / would smoke / had smoked less,
youdidnt feel / wouldnt feel / wouldnt have felt tired.
14- What bad luck! If Alan didnt fall / hadnt fallen / wouldnt fall over,
he won / would win / would have won the race.
15- If you invited/had invited me last week, I was able/had been able/would have
been able to come.
16- Im sure your letter hasnt arrived yet. If it came/had come, Im sure
I noticed/hadnoticed/would have noticed it.
17- We have a suggestion to make. How do you feel/would you feel if
weoffered/would offer/had offered you the job of assistant manager.
18- If you lent/had lent us the money, we paid/would pay/had paid you back next
week.
19- I wish Peter doesnt live/didnt live/wouldnt live so far away from the town
center. Well have to take a taxi.
20- I feel rather cold. I wish I brought/had brought my pullover with me.
21- I wish you tell/had told/told me about the test. I havent done my revision.
22- Im sorry I missed your birthday party. I really wish I come/came/had
come/wouldcome.
23- I like my new boss but I wish she gave/would give/could give me some more
responsibility.
24- Having a lovely time in Brighton, I wish you are/were/had been here. Love, Mary.
25- A cheque is all right, but Id rather you pay/paid me cash.
26- If only I have/had/would have a screwdriver with me.
27- If you want to catch the last train, its time you leave/left
28- Id rather you dont tell/didnt tell anyone about our conversation.
29- Its high time you learn/learned to look after yourself.
30- Jean thinks that everyone likes her. If only she knows/knew what people say
behind her back.
II- Put each verb in bracket into a suitable tense
1- Its a pity you missed the party. If you (come).you (meet).. my friend
from Hungary.
2- If we (have)..some tools, we (be).able to repair the car, but we havent
had any with us.
3- Thank you for your help. If you (not help)me, I (not pass).the
examination.
4- Its a beautiful house, and I (buy).it if I (have)the money, but I cant
afford it.

5- I cant imagine what I (do)..with the money if I (win) .the football pools or
a lottery.
6- Mark isnt a serious athlete. If he (train)harder, he (be).quite a good
runner.
7- If Claire (listen)to her mother, she (not marry).David in the first place.
8- It rained every day in our holiday. If we (not take)..the TV with us, we (not
have) anything to do.
9- Jim is so untidy! If he (buy)some new clothes, he (not look) so bad.
10- I wish I(have).. the money to buy some new clothes, but I cant afford it at the
moment.
11- I wish the government (do)something about the air pollution in this city.
12- Im getting really soaked! I wish I (not forget)..my umbrella.
13- That was a lovely meal, but I wish I (not eat) .so much.
14- Come on children! Its time you (be)..in bed.
15- Actually, Id rather you (not smoke)..in here.
16- Suppose you (see)..a ghost, what would you do?
17- Im so annoyed about my car accident. If only I (be) more careful!
18- Id rather you (not put)your coffee on the top of the book.
III- Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown
1- I didnt have an umbrella with me so I got wet.
I
wouldnt
2- Ill call the police if you dont leave me alone.
Unless..
3- In the snowy weather we dont go to school.
If
4- Without Jacks help, I wouldnt have been able to move this table.
If
5- You drink too much coffee, thats why you cant sleep.
If
you..
6- Make me some coffee, and Ill give you some sweets.
If..
7- If you hadnt told me about Sues hair, I wouldnt have noticed her.
Unless.
8- If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8 00.
Should
9- I wouldnt accept if you ask me to marry you.
If you
were
10- What would you do if there were an earthquake?
Supposing
11- If you do the shopping, Ill cook lunch.
You.
12-What would you do if you found some buried treasure?
If you
were..
13- If Paul hadnt been interested, the project would have been abandoned.
for.

But

14- If by any chance you find my wallet, could you let me know?
If you
happen..
15- I might be late. If so, start without me.
If
I
16- The fire was brought under control thanks to the night watch-man.
If it
hadnt...
17- Dick is in prison because a detective recognized him.
If
a...
18- If you want my advice, Id think twice about buying a car like that.
If
I.
19- If the painting is finished by Saturday, well pay you extra.
Finish
20- Getting up early makes me feel hungry.
If
..
21- Please dont eat in the classroom.
Id
rather
22- I think we should leave now.
I think its time.
23- What a pity we ate all the food.
If only
we..
24- Its a shame we dont have a TV.
I
wish
IV- Rewrite each of the following sentences, using the word in the capital
1- If you do have any free time, could you give me a ring?
SHOULD
2- We wont go away if the weather is bad.
UNLESS
3- I didnt have the money, so I didnt buy a new suit.
WOULD
4- If you hurry up, you wont be late.
GOING
5- If they offered you the job, would you accept?
WERE
6- If you are in London by any chance, come and see me.
HAPPEN
7- Without you, I would have given up years ago.
BEEN
8- Please take a seat, and Ill inquire for you.
WILL
9- Dont take this job if you dont really want it.
UNLESS
10- I wasnt tall enough to reach the shelf.
TALLER
11- If the ship sank, what would you do?
WERE
12- If you should notice whats on at the cinema, let me know.
HAPPEN
13- If you hadnt encouraged me, I would have given up.
BUT
14- I dont have any money, so I cant lend you any.
IF
15- But for Helen, the play would be a flop.
WERE
V- Choose the best option
1- It would have been a much more serious accident..fast at the time.
A- had she been driving
B- was she driving
C- she had driven
D- she
drove
2- Can I borrow your car for this evening? Sure, but Noras using it right now. If she
.. it back, you are welcome to borrow it.
A- brought
B- would bring
C- will bring D- brings
3- I didnt get home until well after midnight last night. Otherwise, I..your call.
A- returned
B- had returned C- would return D- would have returned

4- If energyinexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be

different.
A- is
B- will be
C- were
D- would be
5- We..the game if wed had a few more minutes.
A_ might have won B- won
C- had won
D- will win
6- IAlan with me if I had known you and he didnt get along with each other.
A_ hadnt brought
B- didnt bring
C- wouldnt have brought
D- wont bring
7- The lecturer last night didnt know what he was talking about, but if Dr. Mason,
I would have listened carefully.
A- had been lecturing
B- was lecturing
C- would lecture
D- lectured
8- If youto my advice in the first place, you wouldnt be in this mess right now.
A- listen
B- will listen C- had listened
D- listened
9- .. interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
A- Were I
B- Should I
C- I was
D- If I am
10- If Ithe same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life
as well as you have.
A- have
B- would have C- had had
D- should have
11- Iyou sooner had someone told me you were in hospital.
A- would have visited
B- visited
C- had visited
D- visit
12- .more help, I could call my neighbor.
A- Needed
B- Should I need
C- I have needed
D- I should
need
13- ..then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble
over the years.
A- Had I known
B- Did I know
C- If I know
D- If I would
know
14- I didnt know you were asleep. Otherwise, I..so much noise when I came
in.
A- didnt make
B- wouldnt have made
c- wont make D- dont make
15- When I stopped talking, Sam finished my sentence for me as though he my
mind.
A- would read
D- had read
C- reads
D- can read
16- If you., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to
watch TV, but I didnt want to bother you.
A- had studied
B- studied hoc tieng anh online C- hadnt been studying
D- didnt study
17- I wish I..you some money for your rent, but Im broke myself.
A- can lend
B- could lend C- would lend D- will lend
18- Are you lost? I think so. I wish we..the map with us today.
A- were bringing
B- brought
C- had brought D- would bring
19- If I werent working for an accounting firm, I..in a bank.
A- work
B- will work
C- have worked
D- would be
working
20- What..today if you hadnt come here this weekend? I guess Id be putting
on extra hours at my office.

A- did you do - can you do

C- will you be doing

D- would you be doing

1. Cu trc Sothat (qu .......n ni)

1.1. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
V d:
- The food was so hot that we couldnt eat it. (Thc n nng qu n ni chng ti khng
th n c)
- The girl is so beautiful that every one likes her. (C gi xinh qu n ni ai cng yu
qu c y)
1.2. S + mt s ng t ch tri gic + so + adj + that + S + V
Cc ng t ch tri gic nh sau: seem, feel, taste, smell, sound, look.
- I felt so angry that I decided to cancel the trip.(Ti tc gin qu n ni m ti hy
ngay chuyn i)
- She looks so beautiful that every boy in class looks at her. (Trng c y xinh qu n ni
mi chng trai trong lp u nhn c y)
1. 3/ S + V(thng) + so + adv + that + S + V
V d: He drove so quickly that no one could caught him up. (Anh ta li xe nhanh n ni
khng ai ui kp anh ta.)
Cu trc So.that ny cng c dng vi danh t, trong cu xut hin so many/ much/
little.
1.4. S + V + so + many/few + plural / countable noun + that + S + V
V d: She has so many hats that she spends much time choosing the suitable one. (C y
c nhiu m n ni c y mt rt nhiu thi gian chn la mt chic thch hp)
1.5. S + V + so + much/little + uncountable noun + that + S + V
V d: He drank so much milk in the morning that he felt bad. (Bui sng anh ta ung nhiu
sa n mc m anh y cm thy kh chu)
1.6. i vi danh t m c s t, chng ta li c cu trc sau vi So that:
- S + V + so + adj + a + noun (m c s t) + that + S + V
V d:
- It was so big a house that all of us could stay in it. ( l mt ngi nh ln n ni tt c
chng ti u c trong .)
- She has so good a computer that she has used it for 6 years without any errors in it. (C
y c chic my tnh tt n ni c y dng 6 nm m khng b li.)
2. Cu trc such. That.
S + V + such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + S + V
(Vi danh t khng m c th chng mnh khng dng a/ an nh)

Cu trc sothat c ngha tng t vi cu trc such ...that nn chng mnh c th i

qua i li gia hai cu trc ny y. Nh th ny nh:
V d:
- The girl is so beautiful that everyone likes her. (C gi p n ni ai cng yu qu c
y)
=> She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.
- This is such difficult homework that it took me much time to finish it. (Bi tp v nh kh
n ni ti mt rt nhiu thi gian mi lm xong.)
3. Cu trc vi too (Qu lm g)
S + to be + too + adj + (for somebody) + to + V
S + V + too + adv + (for somebody) + to + V
V d:
- The food is too hot for us to eat. (Thc n qu nng n ni chng ti khng th n c)
- He drove too quickly for anyone to catch him up. (Anh ta li xe nhanh n ni khng ai
ui kp anh ta.)
4. Cu trc vi Enough: . c th lm g
Chng ta c th dng enough vi c tnh t, trng t v danh t. Vi tnh t v trng
t, ta c hai cu trc sau (Enough ng sau tnh t v trng t.)
S + V + adv + enough + (for somebody) + to + V
S + to be + adj + enough + (for somebody) + to + V
V d:
- She is old enough to understand the story. (C y ln hiu chuyn .)
- The boy is strong enough to lift the vase. (Cu b khe nng ci bnh ln)
Vi danh t, chng mnh dng cu trc sau (enough ng trc danh t)
S + V + enough + noun (for somebody) + to V
V d:
- I have enough money to buy this house. (Ti c tin mua cn nh ny)
- There has enough time for us to do the exercise. (C thi gian chng ti lm bi
tp)
- They have enough rooms to stay. (H c phng )

Bi 17. Mnh lnh thc v cu ch nhng b.

NPTA xin cho tt c cc bn. Chc mi ngi lun lm vic v hc

tp hiu qu nh. Hm nay lp chng mnh s hc v Mnh lnh
thc v cu ch nhng b nh.
I. Mnh lnh thc.
Mnh lnh thc trong ting Anh c hai dng l mnh lnh thc trc

tip v mnh lnh thc gin tip. Mnh lnh thc trc tip chng
mnh hc trong lp Ng Php c bn ca NTT ri (Bi 22 Cu
mnh lnh). Trong bi 22 , chng mnh c hc cu mnh lnh
trc tip nh, cu bt u bng ng t v khng c ch ng.
V d:
- Please sit down. = Sit down, please. (Mi ngi)
- Please don't laugh. = Don't laugh, please. (Vui lng ng ci ln)
- Don't run! (ng chy!)
- Don't laugh! (ng ci ln!)
- Sit down! (Ngi xung!)
- Go home! (V nh!)
- Be quiet! (Im lng!) (Be l nguyn mu)
Cn by gi, chng mnh cng tm hiu v mnh lnh thc gin
tip nh. Cu mnh lnh gin tip thng dng vi cc ng t m
u nh tell/ ask/ order vi cng thc chung:
To ask/ to tell/ to order sb (not) to V.
V d: -She asks me to open the door. (C y nh ti m ca ra)
---------- They order the children to wear uniforms. (H yu cu tr
em phi mc ng phc)
---------- He tells me to buy some flowers. (Anh y bo ti mua mt t
hoa.)
Ch : Trong cu mnh lnh gin tip, chng mnh khng c lc
b ch ng v cui cu khng c du chm than nh trong cu
mnh lnh trc tip nh.
II. Cu ch nhng b.
Cu ch nhng b ny NTT cha ging cho cc bn nn NPTA s
gip cc bn tm hiu v n nh. Rt n gin thi, hem c g
Cu nhng b s dng cc t ni nh although, eventhough,
though, inspite of, despite (Mc d . Nhng => Tuy nhin
khng c but u nh)

1. Cu nhng b vi though, although, even though.

Cng thc chung:

Although/ though/ even though + S + V, S + V.

V d: - Although she is ill, she tries to go to school. (D b m, c y
vn c gng n lp)
--------- Though he worked very hard, he didnt pass the exam. (D c
hc hnh chm ch nhng anh y khng qua c bi kim tra.)
--------- Eventhough they have a lot of money, they are not happy.
(D h c nhiu tin, h khng hnh phc)
Khi dng cu nhng b vi Although/ though/ even
though, chng mnh lun dng mnh y ch ng v v ng
sau cc t ny nh.
2. Cu nhng b vi inspite of/ despite.
S dng cu vi nhng t ny, chng mnh t Inspite of/
despite trc danh t, cm danh t hoc V-ing nh. Cng thc
chung nh sau:
Inspite of/ despite + nouns/ noun phrases/ V-ing + S + V.
V d: - Despite being ill, she tries to go to school. (D b m, c y
vn c gng n lp)
--------- Inspite of having working very hard, he didnt pass the
exam. (D c hc hnh chm ch nhng anh y khng qua c bi
kim tra.)
--------- Despite the bad weather, they still go for the picnic. (D thi
tit xu, h vn i d ngoi.)

3. Ngoi ra, c mt s cng thc m rng s dng inspite of/

despite nh th ny:

Inspite of/ Despite the fact that + S + V, S + V.

V d: - Despite of the fact that the weather is bad, they still go for
the picnic. (D thi tit xu, h vn i d ngoi.)
--------- Inspite of the fact that they have a lot of money, they are not
happy. (D h c nhiu tin, h khng hnh phc)
. Dng V-ing ca ng t. (v cch chia V-ing th chng mnh qu quen ri nh
chuyn xa nh tri t..

V-ing hay cn gi l gerund c dng trong cu vi nhng vai tr chnh sau:

- Ch ng trong cu
VD: Playing football is his hobby. (Chi bng l s thch ca anh y)
- B ng ca ng t, mt s ng t: C mt s ng t m nu ng sau l mt
ng t, th ng t sau lun dng V-ing nh.
(Lp mnh ch nhng ng t sau y n.)
admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep,
mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon,
fancy.
=> yu cu ghi nh.

VD:
1. She avoided waking up her husband because he was very tired yesterday. (C y trnh
nh thc chng mnh v anh y b mt)
2. Hoa enjoys taking photographs.(Hoa rt thch chp nh?)
3. I dont mind walking to meet her. (Ti khng phin khi i b n gp c y)
4. They keep staying at home until Sunday. (H tip tc nh cho n ch nht)
- B ng cho ch ng: (Thng l sau to be hoc mt s ng t ni)
VD: My duty is teaching my sister.(Nhim v ca ti l dy em gi ti)
- Sau gii t chng mnh cng dng dng V-ing ca ng t nh: apologize for,
accuse of, insist on, feel like, congratulate on, suspect of, look forward to, dream
of, succeed in, object to, approve/disapprove of...
VD: I am intersted in watching films.(Ti thch xem phim)
- Trong mt s cu trc c bit na ny (ng qun
- It's no use / It's no good...
- There's no point ( in)...
- It's ( not) worth ...

- Have difficult ( in) ...

- It's a waste of time/ money ...
- Spend/ waste time/money ...
- Be/ get used to ...
- Be/ get accustomed to ...
- Do/ Would you mind ... ?
- be busy doing something
- What about ... ? How about ...?
- Go + V-ing ( go shopping, go swimming... )
2. Dng to - V ca ng t
- Theo sau mt s ng t sau: appear, arrange, agree, attempt, ask, decide,
determine, fail, endeavour, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare,
promise, prove, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, volunteer, expect, want,...
VD:
1. They hope to finish the research before the spring.(H hi vng s hon thnh bi nghin
cu trc ma Xun)
2. He promised to return my book on Sunday. (Anh ta ha tr li cun sch cho ti vo ch
nht)
- Dng trong mt s cu trc: Verb + how/ what/ when/ where/ which/ why + to
V
VD: They dont know how tho go there.(H khng bit lm cch no n )
- Dng sau tn ng ca mt s ng t: advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid,
force, hear, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, train, urge,
want, tempt, ask...
VD:
1. My mother allows me to go out (M ti cho php ti ra ngoi.)
2. They asked me to do a lot of work. (H yu cu ti lm rt nhiu vic)
3. Nhng trng hp ng t theo sau bi c V-ing v to-V. (Phi lun cn thn vi
nhng ng t th ny. )
a. Like
Like V-ing: Thch lm g theo s thch.
Like to do: Lm vic v n l tt v cn thit, mun lm.
VD:
- I like reading books. (Ti thch c sch)
- I like to learn English. I think my job needs it(Ti mun hc Ting Anh, ti ngh cng vic
ca ti cn ting Anh)
b. Prefer
Prefer V-ing to V-ing: Thch lm g hn lm g
Prefer + to V + rather than (V) : Thch lm g hn lm g
VD:

- My boy prefer playing to learning. (Con trai ti thch chi hn l hc)

- I prefer to drive rather than travel by train. (Ti thch li xe i hn l i bng tu ha)
c. Mean
Mean to V: C nh lm g.
Mean V-ing: C ngha l g.
VD:
- He means to allow you to do that. (Anh y c cho php bn lm vic .)
- This sign means not going into. (Bin bo ny c ngha l khng c i vo trong.)
d. Need
Need to V: Cn lm g
Need V-ing: Cn c lm g (= need to be done, dng ch b ng)
VD:
- I need to get up early today. (Ti cn phi dy sm hm nay)
- Your hair needs cutting. (Tc bn cn phi ct ri)
e. Stop
Stop V-ing: dng lm g (dng hn)
Stop to V: dng li lm vic g
VD:
- Stop learing: dng hc.
- Stop to learn: dng li hc
f. Remember/ forget/regret
Remember/forget/regret to V: nh/qun/tic s phi lm g (hnh ng hin ti
tng lai)
Remember/forget/regret V-ing: nh/qun/tic lm g (hnh ng ny qu kh)
VD:
- Remember to lock the door (nh ng ca nh.)
- Dont forget to buy some milk (ng qun mua t sa nh)
- I regret to inform you that she had gone (ti rt tic phi bo tin cho bn rng c y i
ri)
- I still remember paying her $5. (ti nh tr c y 5 la ri)
- She will never forget meeting you at school. (c y khng bao gi qun gp bn
trng)
- He regrets leaving school early. (Anh y hi tic v b hc qu sm)
g. Try
Try to V: c gng lm g
Try V-ing: th lm g
VD:
- I try to follw her. (ti c gng i theo c y)
- You should try doing exercises every morning. (bn nn th tp th dc mi sng)
h. See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch

See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V-ing: cu trc ny c s dng khi

ngi ni ch chng kin 1 phn ca hnh ng.
See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V: cu trc ny c s dng khi ngi
ni chng kin ton b hnh ng.
VD:
- I see him passing my house everyday.(Ngy no ti cng thy anh ta i qua nh ti)
- She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.(C y ngi thy ci g chy v
thy khi bc ln)
- We saw him leave the house.(Chng ti thy anh ta ri nh)
- I heard him make arrangements for his journey.(Ti nghe thy anh ta tha thun v
chuyn i)
i. Used to
Used to V: tng/thng lm g trong qu kh (by gi khng lm na)
Be/Get used to V-ing: quen vi vic g ( hin ti)
VD:
- I used to get up early when I was young. (Ti thng dy sm khi cn tr)
- Im used to getting up early. (Ti quen vi vic dy sm ri)
j. Advise/allow/permit/recommend
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + Object + to V: khuyn/cho php/ ngh ai lm
g.
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + V-ing: khuyn/cho php, ngh lm g.
VD:
- He advised me to apply at once.(Anh ta khuyn ti nn p dng ngay)
- He advised applying at once.(Anh ta khuyn p dng ngay)
- They dont allow us to park here.(H khng cho php chng ti xe y)
- They dont allow parking here.(H khng cho php xe )
Xong ri y, cng cha th y ht, nhng vi lng nh th ny, nh ht l ti lm
ri..

I.

Th tng lai n gin.

1. Cu trc.
(+) S + will +V + (O)
(-) S + will not/won't + V + (O)
(?) Will + S + V + (O)?
Trong : S l ch ng, V l ng t, O l tn ng
2. Cch dng.
+ Th Tng lai n gin dng ch mt hnh
ng, nh mi c t thi im n, nhng li

ha
V d:
- Tony , we havent got any milk left (Tony, chng ta ht
sa ri)
-Alright mom, I will buy some milk (c ri m . Con
s i mua mt t sa)
- I will never forget this party. (Ti s khng bao gi
qun bui tic .)
- I will phone you when I come home. ( Ti s gi cho
bn khi ti v n nh.)
- We will meet two times a month. (Chng ta s gp
nhau 2 ln mi thng)
- Will we go there again? (Chng ta c n na
khng?)
+ Chng mnh cng dng th Tng lai n gin
ch nhng d on nhng khng chc chn:
V d: It will rain tomorrow (ngy mai tri s ma)
3. Du hiu nhn bit.
Th tng lai n gin i km vi mt s trng t, l
du hiu nhn bit ca th ny. Cc trng t l:
- Tomorrow, next week/month/year, ... next Monday,
Tuesday, ...., Sunday,
- Next June, July, ....., next December, next
weekend ....
- In two days/weeks/months, in the years to come, in
coming years
II. Th Tng lai gn
1. Cu trc
(+) S +am/is/are + going to +V
(-) S + am not/ isnt/ arent + going to + V
(?)Am/ is/ Are +S + going to + V ?

2. Cch dng:
+ Th tng lai gn c dng th hin nh
c t trc thi im ni
V d: Hi! Sarah . Are you going shopping? (cho
Sarah . Em i mua sm ?)
Yes, I am going to buy some milk. (Vng, Ann . Em i
mua t sa)
+ Chng ta cng dng th Tng lai gn
ch d on rt chc chn v iu g sp xy ra,
thng l nhng s vic c du hiu hin ti
V d: Look at the black clouds! Its going to rain (Nhn
nhng m my en kia ka. Tri sp ma ri)
Ch : i vi cc ng t ch s chuyn ng, ta
khng dng cu trc GOING TO+V m dng lun dng
V-ing ca ng t din t tng lai thng
V d: Khng ni Im going to go to the cinema tonight
Im going to the cinema tonight
III. Th Tng lai tip din.
1. Cu trc:
(+) S + will be + V-ing + (O)
(-) S + will not be + V-ing + (O)
(?) Will + S + be + V-ing + (O)?
Trong : S: ch ng, V-ing: ng t + ui ing, O: tn
ng
Ch : Cch chia ng t V-ing th mnh khng cn
nhc li na, chng mnh u bit ri nh.
2. Cch dng:
+ Th Tng lai tip din dng ch mt hnh
ng xy ra ti mt thi im xc nh trong
tng lai.
V d:
- By the time next week, we will be playing football.

(Vo gi ny tun sau, chng ti s ang chi

bng.)

Cng thc:

(+)S + had + P2 + (O)

(-)S + had not + P2 + (O)
(?)Had + S + P2 + (O)?
Trong : S: ch ng (ch t)
P2= V+ed: ng t
(C quy tc V+ed; Bt QT= ct 3 Bng ng t Bt QT)
O: tn ng
2. Cch dng : Dng ch mt vic hon thnh trc mt thi gian
nht nh qu kh hoc trc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh.
V d: - Our children had all gone to bed before we came home last
night. (Bn tr nh chng ti i ng trc khi chng ti v nh ti
qua.)
- When they arrived, she had left the house. (Khi h n th c y
ri khi ngi nh)
- She was surprised because she hadnt met him before. (C y rt
kinh ngc v trc c y cha tng gp anh y.)
- After they had finished the exercise, they came home. (Sau khi hon
thnh bi tp, h v nh.)
3. Du hiu nhn bit th qu kh hon thnh.
Th Qu kh hon thnh i cng mt s trng t, lm du hiu nhn
bit.
- Before, after, never, ever,
- When
II. Th qu kh hon thnh tip din
1. Cng thc:
(+) S + had been + V-ing + (O)
(-) S + had not + been + V-ing + (O)
(?) Had + S +been + V-ing + (O)?
Trong : S l ch ng, V-ing l ng t + ui ing, O l tn ng.
Cch thm ing sau ng t, chng mnh quen cc th tip din
ri nn NPTA khng nhc li na nh.

2. Cch dng:
- Dng ch mt vic xy ra trc mt hnh ng qu kh khc,
v trong khi hnh ng qu kh th 2 xy ra, th hnh ng qu kh
th nht vn tip tc.
V d: When I was woken up, it had ben raining very hard. (Lc ti dy
th tri ma rt to)
When I came, they had been singing for more than two hours. (Khi
ti n th h ang ht c hn hai ting ng h)
- Mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong Qu kh
(nhn mnh tnh tip din)

V d: I had been thinking about that before you answered it. (Trc
khi bn tr li, ti suy ngh rt lu v vn .)
. Trc ht, chng mnh cng xem nhng trng hp no dng ng t s t
nh.
ng t c chia dng s t khi ch ng thuc nhng trng hp sau:
1. Ch ng l danh t s t hoc danh t khng m c, i t nhn xng ngi
th 3 s t, danh t ngi th 3 s t.
V d:
- This house has 4 floors. (Cn nh ny c bn tng)
- Hoa is the best student in my class. (Hoa l sinh vin gii nht lp ti)
- The air is polluted in this city. (Khng kh trong thnh ph ny b nhim ri)
2. Nhng danh t c hnh thc s nhiu nhng thc t chng l danh t s t, l
cc danh t ch bnh tt, mn hc, danh t ring(khng cn thn l b nhm v
ci kiu c s ng sau ca my bn ny y. )
V d:
- Mathematics is sometines difficult. (i khi mn ton rt kh)
- The United States is very large and powerful. (Hoa K rt rng v hng mnh)
- Measles is a common disease. (Bnh si l mt bnh ph bin)
- The news is very interesting and helpful. (Tin tc rt th v v b ch)
3. Vi nhng ch ng l i t bt nh, chng mnh cng chia ng t s t thi nh.
(Ci ny chc nhiu anh em bit ri, c lit vo cho b.) l nhng i t bt
nh sau:enyone, everybody, everything, someone, something, somebody,
noone, nobody, nothing.
V d:
- Everyone knows him. (Mi ngi u bit anh y)
- Someone has stolen his heart. (Ai nh cp tri tim anh y => B st nh
trng tim

4. Khi ch ng l mt mnh , mt danh ng t, mt ng t nguyn th.

V d:
- Playing football is his hobby. (Chi bng l s thch ca anh ta)
- That she is early surprises me. (Vic c y i sm lm ti ngc nhin qu => C
nng ny ngy no cng mun, mun chuyn nghip )
- To go into the city now is impossible. (By gi, i vo thnh ph l khng th.)
5. Ch ng l mt khong thi gian, mt trng lng, mt khong cch, mt php
tnh
V d:
- Two weeks is not a long time for him to get her answer. (Hai tun khng phi l
qu di anh y c c cu tr li ca c y => Lm trai phi bit ch i
)
- Three miles is a long distance. (Ba dm l mt khong cch di)
6. Khi ch ng l danh t ng sau cc i tng sau:
+ The number of + plural N
V d: The number of people in the meeting is increasing. (S ngi trong bui hp
ang tng ln)
+ Either/ Neither + plural N
V d: Neither of the students joins the game. (Khng ai trong cc hc sinh tham gia
tr chi)
+ Each of/ None of + plural N
V d:
- None of his friends is pretty
- Each of the students is responsible for this outdoor activity.
+ More than one + singular N
V d: More than one person wants to try this game. (hn mt ngi mun th tr
chi ny)
II. By gi chng mnh s n nhng ch ng m ng t ng sau n
chia dng s nhiu nh.
1. Khi ch ng l nhng danh t c chia s nhiu (Thm s sau danh t), i t
ngi th nht s t v s nhiu (we, you, they y)
V d:
- They go to school by bus (h i hc bng xe but)
- Girls in the next class are very beautiful. (Cc bn n lp bn cnh rt xinh
)
2. Nhng ch ng l danh t ch i, nhm ngi, danh t cng ng: people,

police, military, vermin (Su b), the clergy (gii tng l)

V d:
- People around here are very friendly. (Con ngi xung quanh y rt thn thin)
- Police have arrested that man. (Cnh st mi bt c ngi n ng .)
3. Nhng ch ng c dng: the + adj (the poor, the rich, the homeless, the
Vietnamese...) v A number of + Plural N
V d:
- The homeless are given some temporary apartments (Nhng ngi v gia c c
cp mt s cn phng tm)
- The poor have been provided with food and health care.(Nhng ngi ngho c
cp thc n v dch v chm sc sc khe.)
- A number of students have wrong answers. (Mt s hc sinh c p n sai)
III. Mc ny dnh cho nhng trng hp c bit.
1. Vi nhng ch ng c cu trc : as well as B, A no less than B, A accompanied by
B, A along with B, A supported by B, th ng t c chia theo ch ng ng trc.
V d:
- Tim as well as his friends plays in the park. (Tim v bn cu chi trong cng vin)
- Hoa, along with some children goes swimming in the afternoon. (Bui chiu, Hoa
cng vi vi a tr i bi.)
2. Vi nhng ch ng c dng: A or B, neither A nor B, not only A but (also) B,
either A or B th ng t c chia theo ch ng ng sau.
V d:
- Neither Lan nor her classmates are late for the meeting. (C Lan cng nh cc bn
ca c y u khng b mun trong bui gp mt)
- Not only Hung but also other members in his family go to the cinema. (Khng ch
Hng m cc thnh vin khc trong gia nh anh y u i n rp chiu phim)
3. Here/there + ng t s nhiu + danh t s nhiu
Here/ there + ng t s t + danh t s t.
V d:
- There are 10 students in the classroom. (trong lp hc c 10 hc sinh)
- There is some milk in the glass. (C mt t sa trong cc)
4. Vi nhng danh t nh: family, company, class, government, club, class,
committee, school, union, choir (i hp xng), staff, firm, jury (ban gim kho), a
half of, a percentage of, a majority of... ng t c chia s t hay s nhiu ty
thuc vo ngha, ng ca cu.
V d:
- His family has three members. (Gia nh anh y c 3 thnh vin)
- All his family are happy. (C gia nh anh y u vui v.)
5. Trong cu trc A and B: a s ng t s dng s nhiu, tuy nhin cng c mt

s trng hp ng t c chia s t ty thuc vo ngi ni. Nu ngi ni m

ch mt vt chung th dng s t, hai vt ring l th dng s nhiu.
Nh trong v d sau nh: Salt and peper agrees with chicken (Mui tiu th hp vi
tht g)

1. Cch dng ca hin ti phn t (Ch ng nhm vi gerund dng

V-ing ca ng t chng mnh nh.)
+ Dng nh mt tnh t din t bn cht, tnh cht ca mt ai
hoc ci g
V d:
- He finds learning English very exciting. (Anh y thy vic hc ting Anh
rt th v.)
She is an interesting person. (C y l mt ngi th v)
+ Dng rt gn mnh :
V d:
- Seeing her in front of the door, he called her. (Nhn thy c y trc ca,
anh y gi c y)
- The boy holding flowers is my son. (Cu b ang m hoa l con trai ti. )
+ Dng sau ng t go nh go swimming, go shopping, go sightseeing.

2. Cch dng ca qu kh phn t.

+ Qu kh phn t ng lm tnh t trong cu dng ch ra thi ,
tnh cm ca mt ngi no i vi mt s vt, s vic hoc ch
trng thi ca mt s vt, s vic.
V d:
- They are interested in listening to music. (H rt thch nghe nhc)
- On the third day, they reached an isolated village. (Ngy th 3, h n
c mt ngi lng b c lp)
+ Dng rt gn mnh .
V d:
- The book, written by Charles Dicken, is very interesting. (Quyn sch
c vit bi Charles Dicken rt hay)
- Built last month, the house is a very famous place now. (c xy dng
vo thng trc, hin ti ngi nh tr thnh mt ni ni ting)

So snh l hnh thc ph bin trong giao tip ting Anh. Nhng
xung quanh hnh thc ny cng lm vn y. Hm nay NPTA s
gii thiu vi lp mnh cc hnh thc so snh nh.
1. So snh ngang bng.
Cu trc chung:
S + V + as + adj/ adv + as + nouns/ pronouns/ S + V

Ch :
- Nu ng t l to be th sau as l tnh t, nu l ng t
thng th sau as l ph t nh.
- Trong cu ph nh, chng mnh c th thay t as th nht
bng so nh.
V d:
-She plays as well as her sister does.
- He is as tall as his brother.
- They dont work as (so) hard as I do.
- They have as much money as we do.
- Danh t cng c th dng so snh cho cu trc ny nhng
trc khi so snh phi xc nh chc chn rng danh t c nhng
tnh t tng ng nh sau:
Heavy/ light weight
Wide/ narow width
deep, shallow depth
long, short length
big, small size
high/ tall - height
Vi nhng cu so snh dng ny, chng mnh dng cu trc: the
same + nouns + as
V d:
She is the same height as me
2. So snh hn v so snh km hn.
Khi s dng hnh thc so snh hn vi tnh t v ph t, chng
mnh cn phn bit tnh t/ ph t ngn v tnh t/ ph t di.
Cng nn nhc li v tnh t/ ph t ngn v di nh.
- Tnh t/ ph t ngn l nhng tnh t /ph t ch c mt m tit
v c hai m tit nhng kt thc bng 4 ui: er, le, ow v y, v
d:nice, great, cool, hot, short, poor, warm, clean, hard,
fast).
- Tnh t/ ph t di l nhng t c t hai m tit tr ln, v
d: tired, nervous, crowded, anxious, wonderful, exquisite,
exorbitant, carefully
- i vi cc ph t v tnh t ngn, ta ch cn cng thm
ui ER vo tn cng. Nhng t c tn cng bng bn nguyn m
phi i thnh ier (y ier). i vi nhng tnh t ngn c 1
nguyn m kp gia 2 ph m, ta phi gp i ph m cui

khng phi thay i cch c.

V d:
Hot hotter, Strong stronger, Happy happier, Quick
quicker, Hard harder, fast - faster
i vi tt c cc ph t v tnh t di dng MORE ng trc tnh
t/ ph t nh.
V d: more beautiful, more important, more believable, more
slowly, more happily.
Cu trc chung:
Tnh t ngn: S + V + short adj / adv + er + than + nouns/
pronouns/ S+V
Tnh t di: S + V + more/ less + long adj / adv + than +
nouns/ pronouns/ S+V
V d:
Johns grades are higher than his sisters.
Today is hotter than yesterday.
This chair is more comfortable than the other.
He speaks Spanish more fluently than I do .
He visits his family less frequently than she does.
This years exhibit is less impressive than last years.
Khi mun nhn mnh cho tnh t/ ph t so snh ngi ta
dng far , much hoc too much trc so snh.
V d:
Johns grades are much higher than his sisters.
Today is much hotter than yesterday.
This chair is far more comfortable than the other.
He speaks Spanish far more fluently than I do .
- Chng mnh cng c th so snh hn vi danh t na. Khi ch
cn xc nh xem danh t l m c hay khng m c v
trc chng c mt s nh ng dng vi 2 loi danh t
, fewer (cho m c), less (khng m c) v more dng
chung cho c 2.
V d:
I have more books than she does.
February has fewer days than March.
He earns as much money as his brother.
They have as few classes as us.
Their job allows them less freedom than ours.
Before pay-day, I have as little money as my brother.

3. So snh hn nht.
So snh hn nht l dng so snh t ba i tng tr ln.
Dng ny cng phn chia ra tnh t/ ph t ngn v tnh t/ ph t
di.
Cu trc chung:
Tnh t/ ph t ngn S + V + the + most + adj(di) / least +
adj + nouns.
Tnh t/ ph t di: S + V + the / most + adj(di) / least +
adj + nouns.
Tom is the tallest boy in the family.
Mary is the shortest of the three sisters.
This hat is the least expensive of all.
Of the three shirts, this one is the prettiest.
Ch : Mt s tnh t/ ph t bt quy tc.
C mt s tnh t v ph t m dng so snh hn v so snh hn
nht ca n li khng tun theo quy tc thng thng, gi l tnh
t/ ph t bt quy tc. Chng mnh cng tm hiu cc tnh t/ ph
t nh.
Far farther/ further the farthest/ the furrthest
Little less the least
Much / many more the most
Good/ well better the best
Bad / badly worse the worst
4. So snh kp (cng cng.)
Dng so snh ny thng dng cu trc so snh hn. C hai v u
c o tnh t/ ph t ln trc mnh .
Cu trc chung:
The + comparative + S + V, the + comparative + S + V
The more + S + V, the + comparative + S + V
V d:
The bigger they are, the harder they fall.
The sooner you take your medicine, the better you will feel.
The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination.
The more you study, the smarter you will become.
The more he rowed the boat, the farther away he got.
The more he slept, the more irritable he became.

5. So snh bi s.
y l dng so snh gp ri, gp i, gp 3. Ch dng cu trc so
snh bng vi cc t bi s nh twice/ three times/ four times.
Cu trc chung:
Subject + verb + bi s + as + much/ many/ nouns + as +
nouns/ pronouns
V d:
This encyclopedia costs twice as much as the other one.
At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters
as Barney.
Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
Ch :
- Khi dng so snh loi ny phi xc nh r danh t l m c
hay khng m c v ng trc chng c much v many.
- Cc cu trc: twice that much/ many (gp i s ) ch c
dng trong vn ni, tuyt i khng c dng trong vn vit.

embargo +on/against : cam van

Frustration: su that bai
proprietary :co tai san

1. Cu trc Sothat (qu .......n ni)

1.1. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
V d:
- The food was so hot that we couldnt eat it. (Thc n nng qu n ni chng ti khng
th n c)
- The girl is so beautiful that every one likes her. (C gi xinh qu n ni ai cng yu
qu c y)
1.2. S + mt s ng t ch tri gic + so + adj + that + S + V
Cc ng t ch tri gic nh sau: seem, feel, taste, smell, sound, look.
- I felt so angry that I decided to cancel the trip.(Ti tc gin qu n ni m ti hy
ngay chuyn i)
- She looks so beautiful that every boy in class looks at her. (Trng c y xinh qu n ni
mi chng trai trong lp u nhn c y)
1. 3/ S + V(thng) + so + adv + that + S + V
V d: He drove so quickly that no one could caught him up. (Anh ta li xe nhanh n ni
khng ai ui kp anh ta.)
Cu trc So.that ny cng c dng vi danh t, trong cu xut hin so many/ much/
little.
1.4. S + V + so + many/few + plural / countable noun + that + S + V
V d: She has so many hats that she spends much time choosing the suitable one. (C y
c nhiu m n ni c y mt rt nhiu thi gian chn la mt chic thch hp)
1.5. S + V + so + much/little + uncountable noun + that + S + V
V d: He drank so much milk in the morning that he felt bad. (Bui sng anh ta ung nhiu
sa n mc m anh y cm thy kh chu)
1.6. i vi danh t m c s t, chng ta li c cu trc sau vi So that:
- S + V + so + adj + a + noun (m c s t) + that + S + V
V d:
- It was so big a house that all of us could stay in it. ( l mt ngi nh ln n ni tt c

chng ti u c trong .)
- She has so good a computer that she has used it for 6 years without any errors in it. (C
y c chic my tnh tt n ni c y dng 6 nm m khng b li.)
2. Cu trc such. That.
S + V + such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + S + V
(Vi danh t khng m c th chng mnh khng dng a/ an nh)
Cu trc sothat c ngha tng t vi cu trc such ...that nn chng mnh c th i
qua i li gia hai cu trc ny y. Nh th ny nh:
V d:
- The girl is so beautiful that everyone likes her. (C gi p n ni ai cng yu qu c
y)
=> She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.
- This is such difficult homework that it took me much time to finish it. (Bi tp v nh kh
n ni ti mt rt nhiu thi gian mi lm xong.)
3. Cu trc vi too (Qu lm g)
S + to be + too + adj + (for somebody) + to + V
S + V + too + adv + (for somebody) + to + V
V d:
- The food is too hot for us to eat. (Thc n qu nng n ni chng ti khng th n c)
- He drove too quickly for anyone to catch him up. (Anh ta li xe nhanh n ni khng ai
ui kp anh ta.)
4. Cu trc vi Enough: . c th lm g
Chng ta c th dng enough vi c tnh t, trng t v danh t. Vi tnh t v trng
t, ta c hai cu trc sau (Enough ng sau tnh t v trng t.)
S + V + adv + enough + (for somebody) + to + V
S + to be + adj + enough + (for somebody) + to + V
V d:
- She is old enough to understand the story. (C y ln hiu chuyn .)
- The boy is strong enough to lift the vase. (Cu b khe nng ci bnh ln)
Vi danh t, chng mnh dng cu trc sau (enough ng trc danh t)
S + V + enough + noun (for somebody) + to V
V d:
- I have enough money to buy this house. (Ti c tin mua cn nh ny)

- There has enough time for us to do the exercise. (C thi gian chng ti lm bi
tp)
- They have enough rooms to stay. (H c phng )

Satisfied
Bi 10: ng t tnh thi modal verbs
Cho mng tt c lp mnh. Chng mnh hc c 9 bi ng php nng cao ri y. Hm
nay s hc thm mt bi na, l bi 10, ni v ng t Tnh thi, hay mt s
ngi gi l ng t khuyt thiu. Nhn qua th tng d nhng cng c nhiu vn lm
y nh.

I. Cu trc chung ca cu cha ng t tnh thi:

S + modal verbs + V + O
ng t tnh thi c 3 c im ln m lp mnh cn ch nh:
- Khng c chia theo ch ng
- Tn ti hai dng Hin ti v Qu kh
- Theo sau bi ng t nguyn th khng chia.

II. Chi tit v cc ng t tnh thi.

1. CAN v COULD (Dch l c th nh. COULD l dng qu kh ca CAN . CAN/ COULD
= Be able to
1.1. CAN
+ Din t kh nng (ability)
V d: Can you swim? Yes I can (Bn c th bi khng? C, ti c th)
+ Din t xc xut mt iu c th xy ra (possibility)
V d: Can it rain? No, it cant. (Tri c th ma khng nh? Khng, khng th)
+ Dng trong vn ni thay th cho MAY ni n mt s cho php (permission) v dng
ph nh ca n (CANNOT) dng ch mt s cm on.
V d: You can walk around the building but you cant go in to it. (Bn c th i xung quanh
ngi nh nhng khng th vo trong .)
+ Khi dng vi ng t tri gic CAN cho ngha tng ng vi th Tip din.
Listen! I think I can hear the sound of the wind (Nghe ny, ti c th nghe thy ting gi
ang nghe thy)
+ CANNOT cn c dng ch mt iu kh c th xy ra.
V d: He cannot fail the exam, he is the best student in my class. (Anh y khng th no
thi trt c, anh ta l hc sinh gii nht lp ti)
1.2. COULD (Qu kh ca CAN)

+ Ngoi cch dng vi dng qu kh ca CAN (COULD = was/ were able

to ), COULD cn c dng trong cu iu kin.
V d:
- If I had more money, I could buy this beautiful dress (Nu ti c nhiu tin hn, ti c th
mua b qun o p ny)
- If she had learned that before, she could have done well the exam. (Nu c y hc iu
t trc, c y c th lm tt bi kim tra.)
+ Din t mt s ng vc hay mt li phn khng nh nhng.
V d:
- His story could be true but I hardly believe it. (Cu chuyn ca anh y c th ng, nhng
ti hu nh khng tin n)
- You could ask me to do the job, but I dont want to do. (Anh c th yu cu ti lm vic
nhng ti khng thch lm u)
+ Trong cu ngh lch s, COULD c xem l c ngha lch s hn CAN
+ Nu cu ni hm mt s thnh cng trong vic thc hin hnh ng th ngi ta khng
s dng COULD m dng was/ were able to
I finished my lesson early and so I was able to go with my husband.(Ti lm xong vic sm
nn ti c th i cng chng ti)
2. MAY v MIGHT (M IGHT l dng qu kh ca MAY)
+ Din t kh nng mt hnh ng c th xy ra.
V d:
- He may decide to go. (C khi anh ta s quyt nh i)
- He said that it might be true. (Anh y ni rng iu c th ng)
+ Din t s cho php.
V d:
- May I borrow your pen? (Ti c th mn bn ci bt c khng?)\
- They asked if they might use the computer. (H hi xem liu h c th s dng my tnh
khng)
+ Din t mt li cu chc
V d: May our dream come true (c g c m ca chng ta thnh hin thc)
+ Dng trong mnh trng ng ch s nhng b.
V d: - He may be thin and short, he is very healthy
=> Although he is thin and short, he is very healthy. (D anh ta gy v thp, anh y rt
khe mnh)
- He might learn a lot, he couldnt pass the exam.
=> Although he learned a lot, he couldnt pass the exam. (D anh ta hc rt nhiu, anh ta
khng th qua c k thi)
+ Dng trong mnh trng ng ch mc ch (adverb clauses of purpose). Trong trng
hp ny chng mnh cng c th dng CAN/ COULD thay cho MAY/MIGHT.
She studied very hard so that she might read English books.(C y hc rt chm c
th c c sch ting Anh)
+ Chng mnh cng dng MAY/ MIGHT din t mt li trch mc kho.
V d:
- You may listen to me when I am talking. (Bn lm n lng nghe trong khi ti ang ni)
- You might help him something with his task. (Bn lm n gip anh ta mt cht trong cng

vic ca anh y)
+ Dng trong cc mnh sau cc t Hope v Trust
V d: I trust (hope) that you may find this plan to your job.(Ti hi vng/ tin rng bn s
tm ra k hoch cho cng vic ca bn)
3. SHALL v SHOULD (SHOULD l dng qu kh ca SHALL)
3.1. SHALL:
+ Dng trong cu trc th Tng lai (Simple Future) ngi th nht.
I shall have a lot of money (Ti s c rt nhiu tin.)
+ Din t mt li ha, mt s qu quyt hay mt mi e da.
If you work hard, you shall have a trip to London. (Nu hc chm ch, con s c mt chuyn
i n Londo=> ha)
He shall pay you what he owes me. (Anh ta s phi tr gi cho nhng g anh ta n ta => e
da)
These people want to buy my house, but they shant have it.(Nhng ngi mun mua
nh ti, nhng h s khng th c c n => qu quyt)
3.2. SHOULD
+ Khuyn ai nn lm g, should = ought to.
You should follow the teacher.(Bn nn nghe theo gio vin)
+ Chng mnh cng c th dng SHOULD thay cho must khi khng mun din t mt
ngha qu bt buc ai phi lm g.
Members who want tickets for the film should apply to the Secretary.(Nhng thnh vin
mun c c v xem phim phi ng k vi th k)
4. WILL WOULD
4.1. WILL
+ c dng th Tng lai n gin (Chng mnh hc qua ri y)
I will return it to you (Ti s tr n cho anh)
+ Dng trong cu ngh na nh.
Will you open the window? (Bn lm n m ca ra c khng ?)
4.2. WOULD:
+ Din t dng qu kh ca th Tng lai hay cc th trong cu iu kin.
He said he would send me a letter (Anh ta ni anh ta s gi cho ti mt l th)
If she were here, she would know how to do that.(Nu c y y, c y s bit phi lm
th no)
If he had known about it he would have been very happy.(Nu anh y bit iu , anh y
s rt vui)
5. MUST
+ MUST c ngha l phi din t mt mnh lnh hay mt s bt buc.
You must finish the lesson before 9.00.(Anh ta phi hon thnh bi hc trc 9h)
+ MUST dng trong cu suy lun logic, mt s suy on.
You want to meet her at midnight? You must be mad!(Bn mun gp c y gia m, bn

b in ri)
+ MUST NOT (MUSTNT) li c dng din t mt lnh cm.
You mustnt walk on this bridge.(Bn khng c i b trn chic cu ny)
+ Khi mun din t th ph nh ca MUST vi ngha khng cn thit ngi ta s
dng NEED NOT (NEEDNT).
Must I do it now? No, you neednt..(Ti c phi lm vic ngay by gi khng? Khng
cn u)
6. MUST v HAVE TO
+ MUST v HAVE TO u c th dng din t s cng p, bt buc. Tuy nhin MUST
mang ngha s cng bch n t ngi ni trong khi HAVE TO mang ngha s cng
bch n t hon cnh bn ngoi.
Passengers have to cross the line by the bridge. (Hnh khch phi bng qua ng bng
cch i ln cu => V khng cn ng no khc)
+ HAVE TO dng thay cho MUST trong nhng hnh thc m MUST khng c.
We shall have to hurry if we are going to catch the train.(Chng ta phi nhanh ln nu
mun kp chuyn tu)
+ HAVE TO khng ththay th MUST trong cu suy lun logic.
He must be mad. (I personally thought that he was mad)
6. OUGHT TO DARE NEED
6.1. OUGHT TO
OUGHT TO c ngha l nn, gn ging vi SHOULD. Trong hu ht cc trng
hp OUGHT TO c th c thay th bng SHOULD.
They ought to (should) pay the fee.(H nn tr ph)
+ OUGHT TO cng dng din t mt s gn ng, rt c th ng.
If Alice left home at 9:00, she ought to be here now.(Nu Alice ra khi nh lc 9h,C y c
th c mt y lc ny)
+ OUGHT NOT TO HAVE + past participle din t mt s khng tn ng v mt hnh
ng lm trong qu kh.
You ought not to have spent all that money on such a thing.(Bn khng nn tiu tiu qu
nhiu tin vo mt vic nh th)
6.2. DARE
+ DARE c ngha l dm, c gan c th c xem nh mt ng t tnh thi ln ng t
thng. Khi l mt ng t tnh thi, n c y c tnh ca loi ng t ny.
Dare he go and speak to her? (ng t tnh thi)
She didnt dare to say a word, did she? (ng t thng)
6.3. NEED
- C hai ng t NEED: mt ng t thng v mt ng t tnh thi. Khi l ng t tnh
thi NEED ch c hnh thc Hin ti v c y c tnh ca mt ng t tnh thi. N c
ngha l cn phi, tng t nh HAVE TO.

If= provide that :

Trc ht chng mnh cng xem Mnh danh ng l g nh
Khi nim: Mnh danh ng (danh t) l mt mnh ph ng vai tr nh mt danh t
trong cu. Ni cch khc, trong cu, danh t c chc nng g th mnh danh ng c chc
nng .
Cc mem nh lu nh: Mc d c th c cu trc y ca mt cu bao gm Ch ng
+ ng t + Tn ng (SVO) nhng mnh danh ng khng th tch khi mnh chnh
ng c lp nh mt cu.
Vy c im ca mnh danh ng l g nh?
Mnh danh ng thng c bt u bng that, cc t hi (question words) who,
whose, what, where, when, why, how hoc whether, if
By gi chng mnh s n nhng chc nng ca Mnh danh ng nh
Mt mnh danh ng c th lm:
1. Ch ng trong cu (Subject of a sentence)
Nhng cu c mnh danh ng lm ch ng thng c cu trc nh sau: Where/ when/
why/ what/ that+ S+ V+ V
V d:
+ That he did such a thing surprised me a lot (iu anh ta lm khin ti rt ngc nhin)
+ What he is talking about is interesting (Nhng iu anh y ni tht th v)
2. Tn ng ca ng t (object of a verb)
Dng cu ny mnh danh ng lm b ng sau ng t v thng c cu trc nh sau: S
+ V + what/ where/ when/ why/ that+ S+ V
V d:
+ She knows that her parents love her so much (C y bit rng b m rt yu c y)
+ Could you tell me where they live? (Anh c th cho ti bit h sng u c khng?)
3. Tn ng cho gii t (object of a preposition)
Cu dng ny mnh danh ng ng sau gii t v thng c cu trc nh sau: S +
V/be + adj+ preposition + where/ what/ when/ why/ that.+ S + V
V d:
+ He is interested in what I am doing (Anh ta rt hng th vi vic ti ang lm)
+ She paid attention to what they were talking (C y ch v nhng g h ang ni)
4. B ng cho ch ng
Nhng cu dng ny thng c cu trc sau: S + To be+ what/ where/ when/ why/
that.+ S+ V

V d:
+ What surprises me is that they are not American
(iu lm ti ngc nhin l h khng phi l ngi M)
+ The main content of the article is what people should do to protect the endangered
species
(Ni dung chnh ca bi bo l mi ngi nn lm g bo v nhng loi ng vt qu
him ang c nguy c tuyt chng)
Trn y l bn chc nng rut ca mnh danh ng, v by gi chng mnh
cng xem liu mnh danh ng c th rt gn c hay khng nh
Mnh danh ng rt gn (Reduction of noun clauses)
Trong cc trng hp sau:

Mnh danh ng ng v tr tn ng
Mnh danh ng v mnh chnh c chung ch ng

Khi chng mnh c th rt gn mnh danh theo cng thc: how/ when/ where/
what + to V
V d:
+ I cant decide whether I will leave or stay (Ti khng th quyt nh liu ti s i hay
li)
=
I cant decide whether to leave or stay (Ti khng th quyt nh i hay li)
+ She told me where I could buy some fruit (C y ch cho ti ni ti c th mua tri cy)
=
She told me where to buy some fruit (C y ch cho ti mua tri cy u)
Anh em CH nh:
- Ngoi THAT, khng lin t trong mnh danh ng no khc c th c lc b,
THAT ch c b khi khng ng u cu. (ci ny rt d nhm ln nn mem lu
nh)
V d:
+ We know (that) the world is round ("that" b c v khng ng u cu)
+ That she didnt pass the exam was obvious (Mnh danh ng vi that ng u cu
lm ch ng nn khng b thatc u nh)
- Cn na, trong mnh danh ng, ch ng lun ng trc ng t. Nh l chng
mnh khng dng trt t t trong cu nghi vn trong mnh danh ng nh.
V d:
I couldnt hear what she said (Ti khng th nghe c nhng g c y ni)
(NOT I couldnt hear what did she say)

Cc gii t i chung vi look - look + prep

- Look after sb: chm sc, trng nom
- Look ahead: suy ngh v tng lai (s c chuyn g xy ra)
- Look around/round sth: nhn quanh
- Look around/round for sth: tm kim ci g nhiu ni
- Look at sth: nhn; iu tra

- Look back (on sth): ngh v mt iu g trong qu kh

- Look down on sb/sth: nh gi thp

- Look for sth: tm kim

- Look forward to sth/doing sth: hi vng, trng mong

- Look in (on sb): gh thm

- Look into sth: nghin cu

- Look on: nhn ci g vi t cch, thi khng lin quan

- Look on sb/sth as sb/sth: Coi ai, ci g nh..
- Look out: cnh bo ai c nguy him ang n.

- Look through sth: xem qua

- Look through sb: ng l

- Look up (from sth): nhn ln

- Look up: tr nn tt hn (kinh doanh, hon cnh,...)
- Look up sth: tra cu
- Look up sb: lin lc
- Look up to sb: ngng m, knh trng

look
[luk]
danh t
ci nhn, ci dm
to have a look at
nhn n, ng n
v mt, nt mt
a look of indignation
v phn n
ngoi hnh, nhan sc
good looks
v p, sc p
phong cch, mt
by the look of sb/sth
c theo b ngoi ca ai/ci g m xt
to give sb a dirty look
nhn ai mt cch gh tm
to take a long look at sth
xem long
one must not hang a man by his looks
do not judge a man by his looks
khng nn trng mt m bt hnh dong
ng t
nhn; xem; ng; ; ch
look! the sun is rising
nhn ka! mt tri ang ln
m to mt nhn, ging mt nhn
don't look like that
ng ging mt ra nh th
ng n, n, oi n, lu
look that the door be not left open
lu ng ca b ng
mong i, tnh n, toan tnh
do not look to hear from him for some time

ng c mong i tin g ca n trong mt thi gian na

hng v, xoay v, quay v, ngonh v
the room looks west
gian bung hng ty
c v; t ra
to look healthy/ill/sad/tired
trng c v kho/m/bun/mt
this coffee looks strong
c ph ny c v m
you made me look a complete fool !
anh lm ti c v nh mt thng ngc tht ngc!
to look like somebody/something (to somebody); to look (to somebody) as if .../as though ...
c v
it looks sand and it is sand
trng ging nh ct m l ct tht
this self-portrait doesn't look like him at all
chn dung t ho ny chng ging ng ta t no
it looks like rain; it looks as if it's going to rain
tri c v mun ma; tri trng nh sp ma
you look as if you returned from a long trip
trng anh c v nh i xa v
it doesn't look to me as if she likes this book
ti thy c v nh c y khng thch quyn sch ny
to look about
i ch
to look about one
nhn quanh
n o, ngh k trc khi c k hoch lm g
to look after
nhn theo
trng nom, chm sc
to look after patients
chm sc ngi bnh
, tm kim
to look at
nhn, ngm, xem
xt, xem xt
that is not the way to look at our proposal
khng phi l cch xem xt li ngh ca chng ti
he will not look at it
n khng thm nhn n ci , n bc b ci
to look away
quay i
to look back
quay li nhn, ngoi c li nhn
to look back upon

nhn li (ci g qua)

to look back upon the past
nhn li qu kh
to look down
nhn xung
h gi
(+ upon, on) ra v k c
to look for
tm kim
to look for trouble
chuc ly phin lu
i, ch, mong
to look for news from home
ch tin nh
to look forward to
mong i mt cch hn hoan; ch i mt cch vui thch
I am looking forward to your visit
ti mong ch anh n thm
we look forward to hearing from you
chng ti rt mong nhn c tin ng
to look in
nhn vo
gh qua thm, tt qua, tt vo
to look into
nhn vo bn trong; xem xt k, nghin cu
to look into a question
nghin cu mt vn
nhn ra, quay v, hng v
the window of his room looks into the street
ca s bung n nhn ra ng
to look on
ng xem, ng nhn
nhn k, ngm
to look on something with distrust
nhn ci g vi v nghi ng
(nh) to look upon
look out !
hy cn thn; hy coi chng!
look out! there is a step
cn thn nh! c mt ci bc cu thang y
to look something out (for somebody/something)
tm thy ci g
to look out someone's address in one's notebook
tm ra a ch ai trong cun s tay ca mnh
You must look out those invoices for the chief accountant
Anh phi tm cho ra my t ho n a cho k ton trng

to look out for somebody/something

hoc canh chng thy, tm ra hoc bit ai/ci g
to look out for squalls
phng nguy him
will you go to the post office and look out for your wife?
anh s ra bu in tm v anh ch?
look out for housebreakers !
hy phng bn trm!
do look out for spelling mistakes in the translation
hy phng li chnh t trong bn dch

to look over
xem xt, kim tra
to look over accounts
kim tra cc khon chi thu
tha th, qun i, b qua
to look over the faults of somebody
b qua nhng li lm ca ai
nhn bao qut, bao qut, cao nhn xung
the high mountain peak looks over the green fields
nh ni cao bao qut c cnh ng xanh
to look round
nhn quanh
suy ngh, cn nhc
don't make a hurried decision, look round well first
ng nn quyt nh vi vng, hy suy ngh k
to look through
khng thm nhn, l i
to look through one's old friend
khng thm nhn bn c
nhn k t u n chn, xem ln lt, xem k, c k; nhn thu
to look a translation through
c k mt bn dch
xem lt qua, c lt qua
to look through a translation
c lt qua mt bn dch
biu l, l ra
his greed looked through his eyes
lng tham ca n l ra trong i mt
to look to
lu , cn thn v
to look to one's manners
cn thn trong li n ting ni
look to it that this will not happen again
hy lu ng cho iu ti din
mong i, i ch ( ai); tin vo, trng cy vo, chc vo (ai)
to look to someone for something

trng cy vo ai v mt ci g
quan tm chu o n iu g
every government must look to maintaining the public order
chnh ph no cng phi quan tm n vic duy tr trt t tr an
to look toward
(nh) to look to
to look towards
(thng tc) nng cc, chc sc kho (ai)
to look up
nhn ln, ngc ln
tm kim
to look a word up in the dictionary
tm (tra) mt t trong t in
(thng nghip) ln gi, tng gi
the price of cotton is looking up
gi bng tng ln
(thng nghip) pht t
n thm
to look up to
tn knh, knh trng
every Vietnamese looks up to President HoChiMinh
mi ngi Vit Nam u tn knh Ch tch H Ch Minh
to look upon
xem nh, coi nh
to look upon somebody as...
coi ai nh l...
to look alive
nhanh ln, khn trng ln
hnh ng kp thi
to look black
nhn gin d; trng v gin d
to look blue
c v ang chn; c v bun bc tht vng
to look daggers at
(xem) dagger
to look down one's nose at
nhn vi v coi khinh
to look in the face
nhn thng vo mt; nhn thng vo s vic khng chn bc e ngi
don't look a gift-horse in the mouth
(xem) gift-horse
to look for a needle in a haystack
(xem) needle
to look sharp
cao cnh gic
hnh ng kp thi

khn trng ln, hot ng ln

to look through colour of spectacles
nhn s vic khng ng vi thc t; nhn s vic qua cp knh mu
to look oneself again
trng c v li ngi, trng c v li hn
to look small
(xem) small
to look someone up and down
nhn ai t u n chn (mt cch k cng hay khinh b)
look before you leap
(xem) leap
to look one's age
trng ng nh tui tht ca mnh (chng gi chng tr hn tui tht)

show
[ou]
danh t
s by t
to vote by show of hands
biu quyt bng gi tay
s trng by; cuc trin lm
s ph trng; s khoe khoang
a fine show of blossom
cnh mun hoa khoe sc
(thng tc) cuc biu din
a film show
mt bui chiu phim
b ngoi, hnh thc, s gi , s gi b
to do something for show
lm vic g ly hnh thc
to be fond of show
chung hnh thc
his sympathy is mere show
v thin cm ca anh ta ch l gi
(t lng) c hi, dp
to have no show at all
khng gp dp
(y hc) nc u i
(t lng) vic, cng vic kinh doanh, vic lm n
to run (boss) the show
iu khin mi vic
(qun s), (t lng) trn nh, chin dch
to give away the show x give good show!
kh lm!, hay lm!

ngoi ng t showed; showed, shown

cho xem, cho thy, trng by, a cho xem; t ra
an aperture shows the inside
mt khe h cho ta thy pha bn trong
to show trained tress
trng by cy cnh
to show neither joy nor anger
khng t ra vui m cng khng t ra gin
to favour to somebody
t s chiu c i vi ai
t ra, t r
to show intelligence
t ra thng minh
to show the authenticity of the tale
t r cu chuyn l c tht
ch, bo, dy
to show someone the way
ch ng cho ai
to show someone how to read
dy ai c
dn, dt
to show someone round the house
dn ai i quanh nh
to show someone to his room
dn ai v phng
ni ng t
hin ra, xut hin, trng r, ra trc cng chng, (thng tc) l mt, li ra
buds are just showing
n hoa ang nh ra
he never shows [up] at big meetings
hn khng bao gi l mt ra cc cuc hp ln
your shirt's tails are showing
ui o s mi anh li ra
to show in
a vo, dn vo
to show off
gy n tng vi ngi khc bng cch khoe khoang, ph trng ca ci, ti nng... ca
mnh
to show out
a ra, dn ra
to show up
l ra, l mt n (ai)
(thng tc) xut hin, l mt ra, xut u l din; c mt
(t M,ngha M) lm cho xu h; lm cho ngng
to show a clean pair of heels
(xem) heel
to show the cloven hoof

(xem) hoof
to show one's colours
l bn cht ca mnh; l ng phi ca mnh
to show fight
(xem) fight
to show one's hands
l ca mnh
to show a leg
(xem) leg
to show the white feather