2.

1: Country/Economy Profiles

Portugal
Key indicators, 2013

GDP (PPP) per capita (intl $), 19902013

Population (millions) ........................................ 10.6

GDP (US$ billions) ........................................ 220.0
GDP per capita (US$) ................................. 20,728
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total ............ 0.28

Portugal

50,000

Advanced economies

40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Global Competitiveness Index

Rank
(out of 144)

Stage of development

Score
(17)

GCI 20142015 ...................................................... 36 ..... 4.5

Transition
12

GCI 20132014 (out of 148) ..................................... 51 ......4.4

GCI 20122013 (out of 144) ..................................... 49 ......4.4
GCI 20112012 (out of 142) ..................................... 45 ......4.4

Transition
23

Factor
driven

Efficiency
driven

Innovation
driven

Institutions

Basic requirements (20.0%) .......................................41 ......5.0

Innovation

Institutions ................................................................ 41 ......4.4

Infrastructure ............................................................ 17 ......5.7
Macroeconomic environment ................................. 128 ......3.5
Health and primary education ................................... 24 ......6.4

Infrastructure

6
5

Business
sophistication

Macroeconomic
environment

4
3
2

Efficiency enhancers (50.0%) .....................................37 ......4.6

Market size

Higher education and training ................................... 24 ......5.4

Goods market efficiency .......................................... 44 ......4.6
Labor market efficiency ............................................ 83 ......4.1
Financial market development ................................ 104 ......3.6
Technological readiness ............................................ 26 ......5.4
Market size ............................................................... 51 ......4.3

Health and
primary
education

Higher education
and training

Technological
readiness
Financial market
development

Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency

Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%) ...........31 ......4.2

Business sophistication ........................................... 51 ......4.3
Innovation ................................................................. 28 ......4.1

Portugal

Advanced economies

The most problematic factors for doing business

Inefficient government bureaucracy ...................................19.2
Tax rates............................................................................16.3
Access to financing ...........................................................16.2
Policy instability .................................................................14.1
Restrictive labor regulations ...............................................11.5
Tax regulations ..................................................................10.1
Insufficient capacity to innovate ...........................................4.7
Inadequately educated workforce ........................................3.4
Corruption ...........................................................................2.0
Poor work ethic in national labor force ................................1.1
Government instability/coups ..............................................0.6
Inadequate supply of infrastructure ......................................0.5
Foreign currency regulations ................................................0.2
Poor public health ...............................................................0.1
Inflation ................................................................................0.0
Crime and theft ...................................................................0.0
0

Note:

10

15
Percent of responses

From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

312 | The Global Competitiveness Report 20142015

2014 World Economic Forum

20

25

30

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

Portugal
The Global Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR

VALUE RANK/144

INDICATOR

1st pillar: Institutions

VALUE RANK/144

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (contd.)

1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21

Property rights ....................................................... 4.8 ............42

Intellectual property protection ............................... 4.6 ............35
Diversion of public funds ........................................ 4.0 ............41
Public trust in politicians ......................................... 3.0 ............67
Irregular payments and bribes ................................ 5.2 ............32
Judicial independence............................................ 4.5 ............44
Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....... 3.3 ............54
Wastefulness of government spending ................... 2.8 ............88
Burden of government regulation ........................... 3.0 ..........108
Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes .... 3.1 ..........111
Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. ... 3.3 ............77
Transparency of government policymaking............. 3.9 ............81
Business costs of terrorism .................................... 6.5 ..............7
Business costs of crime and violence..................... 6.0 ............10
Organized crime ..................................................... 6.3 ............13
Reliability of police services .................................... 5.3 ............29
Ethical behavior of firms ......................................... 4.5 ............42
Strength of auditing and reporting standards ......... 4.9 ............53
Efficacy of corporate boards .................................. 4.5 ............76
Protection of minority shareholders interests ......... 4.4 ............47
Strength of investor protection, 010 (best)* .......... 6.0 ............45

2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09

Quality of overall infrastructure ............................... 6.0 ............12

Quality of roads ...................................................... 6.3 ..............2
Quality of railroad infrastructure .............................. 4.4 ............23
Quality of port infrastructure ................................... 5.4 ............23
Quality of air transport infrastructure....................... 5.7 ............20
Available airline seat km/week, millions* ............. 802.9 ............31
Quality of electricity supply ..................................... 6.4 ............18
Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ......... 113.0 ............69
Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* ........................... 42.7 ............18

3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05

Government budget balance, % GDP*................. 4.9 ..........107

Gross national savings, % GDP* .......................... 16.0 ............97
Inflation, annual % change* .................................... 0.4 ............59
General government debt, % GDP* ................... 128.8 ..........138
Country credit rating, 0100 (best)* ...................... 49.1 ............71

4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10

Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* ................................M.F. ...........n/a

Business impact of malaria ............................. N/Appl. ...........n/a
Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.* ....................... 26.0 ............56
Business impact of tuberculosis ............................. 6.5 ............28
HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ............................... 0.7 ............97
Business impact of HIV/AIDS ................................. 6.2 ............32
Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* ................ 2.9 ............11
Life expectancy, years*......................................... 80.4 ............26
Quality of primary education ................................... 4.8 ............33
Primary education enrollment, net %* .................. 98.6 ............17

5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08

Secondary education enrollment, gross %* ........ 112.9 ..............8

Tertiary education enrollment, gross %*................ 68.9 ............29
Quality of the education system ............................. 4.3 ............40
Quality of math and science education .................. 4.5 ............43
Quality of management schools ............................. 5.9 ..............4
Internet access in schools ...................................... 5.7 ............28
Availability of research and training services ........... 5.1 ............24
Extent of staff training ............................................ 4.2 ............54

2nd pillar: Infrastructure

6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16

No. procedures to start a business* .......................... 3 ............10

No. days to start a business* ................................. 2.5 ..............5
Agricultural policy costs.......................................... 3.7 ............85
Prevalence of trade barriers ................................... 5.2 ..............7
Trade tariffs, % duty* .............................................. 0.8 ..............5
Prevalence of foreign ownership............................. 4.4 ............82
Business impact of rules on FDI ............................. 4.3 ............79
Burden of customs procedures .............................. 5.1 ............26
Imports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 40.6 ............86
Degree of customer orientation .............................. 5.1 ............33
Buyer sophistication ............................................... 3.5 ............64

7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10

Cooperation in labor-employer relations ................. 4.3 ............65

Flexibility of wage determination ............................. 4.7 ............93
Hiring and firing practices ....................................... 3.3 ..........113
Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .................... 23.1 ..........108
Effect of taxation on incentives to work .................. 2.8 ..........131
Pay and productivity............................................... 3.4 ..........113
Reliance on professional management ................... 4.2 ............73
Country capacity to retain talent............................. 3.1 ............91
Country capacity to attract talent ........................... 3.4 ............72
Women in labor force, ratio to men* ..................... 0.90 ............32

8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08

Availability of financial services ............................... 4.9 ............43

Affordability of financial services ............................. 4.2 ............61
Financing through local equity market .................... 3.0 ............93
Ease of access to loans ......................................... 2.4 ..........108
Venture capital availability ....................................... 2.5 ............84
Soundness of banks .............................................. 4.2 ..........111
Regulation of securities exchanges ........................ 4.6 ............46
Legal rights index, 010 (best)* ................................. 3 ..........113

9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07

Availability of latest technologies ............................ 6.3 ............11

Firm-level technology absorption ............................ 5.6 ............22
FDI and technology transfer ................................... 5.2 ............14
Individuals using Internet, %* ............................... 62.1 ............48
Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* . 23.8 ............32
Intl Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* .............. 181.1 ............14
Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*.......... 36.7 ............58

10.01
10.02
10.03
10.04

Domestic market size index, 17 (best)*................. 4.1 ............50

Foreign market size index, 17 (best)* .................... 5.0 ............48
GDP (PPP$ billions)* .......................................... 244.8 ............52
Exports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 40.9 ............66

11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09

Local supplier quantity ........................................... 5.0 ............27

Local supplier quality.............................................. 5.0 ............30
State of cluster development.................................. 4.2 ............42
Nature of competitive advantage ............................ 3.8 ............53
Value chain breadth................................................ 4.0 ............50
Control of international distribution ......................... 4.0 ............66
Production process sophistication.......................... 4.4 ............40
Extent of marketing ................................................ 4.5 ............49
Willingness to delegate authority ............................ 3.6 ............80

12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07

Capacity for innovation........................................... 4.3 ............37

Quality of scientific research institutions ................. 5.4 ............18
Company spending on R&D................................... 3.6 ............38
University-industry collaboration in R&D ................. 4.7 ............23
Govt procurement of advanced tech products ...... 3.8 ............42
Availability of scientists and engineers .................... 5.2 ..............8
PCT patents, applications/million pop.* ................ 13.0 ............31

7th pillar: Labor market efficiency

8th pillar: Financial market development

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment

4th pillar: Health and primary education

5th pillar: Higher education and training

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency

6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05

Intensity of local competition .................................. 5.1 ............63

Extent of market dominance .................................. 3.9 ............58
Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy ..................... 4.3 ............48
Effect of taxation on incentives to invest................. 2.9 ..........129
Total tax rate, % profits* ....................................... 42.3 ............89

9th pillar: Technological readiness

10th pillar: Market size

11th pillar: Business sophistication

12th pillar: Innovation

Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read
the Country/Economy Profiles on page 101.
2014 World Economic Forum

The Global Competitiveness Report 20142015 | 313