Michaela Arguin, Mollykate Rodenbush, and Brittany Tainsh

Senior Group Website

Works Cited
Primary Sources
Albert Plummer death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Alfred Notarangeli death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Arguin, Michaela, and Tainsh, Brittany. Personal Interview with Shelley Murphy. 20 February
2015.
Being able to talk with the Boston Globe reporter Shelley Murphy was a huge advantage to our
project. Shelley was able to give us crucial insight about questions we were struggling to gain the
answer to. We learned in depth details about Whiteys life, his legacy, and how he came to power.
We were also able have detailed discussions about the man himself, how he portrayed himself
and how Whitey thinks he is a bad good guy.
Arthur Barrett death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
"As Brothers Flex Muscles, Busing Enters the Picture." The Boston Globe. Boston Globe Media
Partners, LLC. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.

We used a photo from this article on our website to show how close Whitey and his brothers
were. We also used a photo of Howard Winter, ex-leader of the Winter Hill gang from this site in
the timeline and gangsters pages.
Bank Robbers Sent to Prison. 2013. By WBUR. Provided by David Boeri. 25 February 2015.
To be used on the timeline page of our website, this picture is a newspaper article that declared
that Whitey Bulger had been arrested at the age of 26 for bank robbery. This is what eventually
sent him to jail, and his stint at Alcatraz. It shows that Whitey started out as a troublemaker very
early on.
Billy Bulger. 2013. NY Times. Seelye. 09 February 2015.
This is an image of the all-important Bulger Brother Billy who knew that his involvement in
Bulgers crimes would get in trouble. Even after Bulger was captured he refused to acknowledge
and cooperate with the police showing that Bulger had a huge impact on everyone.
Billy, Jackie, and Whitey. 2011. Daily Reporter UK. 09 February 2015.
This photo displays a young Whitey and his two brothers who were inseparable growing up. This
picture will display the tight bond between the brothers to the viewers of our website.
Billy and Whitey. 2011. Daily Reporter UK. 09 February 2015.
This photo shows that Billy and Whitey had a different relationship from most brothers. Whitey
is pictured wearing his brothers cap and gown. Their smiling faces portray that they would do
anything with each other.

Brain Halloran death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Brotherhood TV Poster. 2008. Kinopoisk. 22 February 2015.
This picture shows the two brothers on the show Brotherhood, that was based on Whitey and
Bulger. This show is another example of how Whiteys legacy as a crime boss is everlasting, and
that he infiltrated almost every aspect of todays media.

Bulger and Pietrantonio. 2015. Boston Globe. By Shelley Murphy. 09 February 2015.
This picture showcases a smiling Bulger and friend Josh, who paints pictures that Bulger signs.
This is showing that Bulger is still able to be a celebrity even in jail, so much so that the outside
world is beginning to take notice.
Catherine Greig. 2013. By Shelley Murphy. 09 February 2015.
This is an image of longtime girlfriend of Whitey Bulger who hid away from him for 16 years.
This was her mug shot from her own trial, also to be used in our whos who section.
"CBS Boston." CBS Boston. CBS Local Media. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.
This website provided us a photo of long time gang leader, Howard Winter, that was used on the
gangsters page.
Checks made out to Kevin Weeks, James Bulger, and Stephen Flemmi. 2013. Boston Globe.
Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09 February 2015.
This photograph shows three different checks made out to the men listed above. It was used as
evidence suggestion that the South Boston Liquor mart was a front to Bulger distributing money.
It also includes the backs of the checks with the signatures from each person.
Cover art for Black Mass: Whitey Bulger, the FBI, and a Devils Deal. 2013. CS Monitor. Lehr,
Dick, and ONeill, Gerard. 09 February 2015.
This book cover ties in perfectly with the aspect that Whitey had a giant influence. Even the title
Black Mass suggests that he is a giant cloud of evil that loomed over Boston.
Cover art for Brutal: The Untold Story of My Life Inside Whitey Bulgers Irish Mob. 2012. CS
Monitor. Weeks, Kevin, and Karas, Phyllis. 09 February 2015.
This book cover illustrates that even Whiteys cohorts, like Kevin were mesmerized by Bulger
and that they were completely under his influence. Nobody can get away from him.
Cover art for Impact Statement: A Familys Fight for Justice against Whitey Bulger, Stephen
Flemmi, and the FBI. 2010. CS Monitor. Halloran, Bob. 09 February 2015.
This book cover shows that the families of Whitey Bulgers victims were under his influence as
well. He was powerful beyond his means and fighting for justice was no easy feat.

Cover art Most Wanted: Pursuing Whitey Bulger, the Murderous Mob Chief the FBI Secretly
Protected. 2013. CS Monitor. Foley, Thomas J. 09 February 2015.
This title and cover art demonstrating the notorious legacy of Bulger. He was a murderous
danger who had the FBI in the palm of his hands. It clearly displays that he was a giant influence
then and now.
Cover art for The Brothers Bulger: How They Terroized and Corrupted Boston for a Quarter
Century. 2013. CS Monitor. Carr, Howie. 09 February 2015.
Not only does this book title encapsulate the fact that Bulger built an empire but it also shows
that he got his brothers involved in his devils work, literally terrorizing Boston. His reign of
power seems to be everlasting.
Cover art for Whitey Bulger: Americans Most Wanted gangster and the Manhunt That Brought
Him to Justice. 2013. Google Play. Cullen, Kevin, and Murphy, Shelley. 09 February 2015.
This book cover art ties into the Bulgerology theme. Published by two Boston Globe reporters it
proves that Bulger was a true crime boss and that his legacy was huge and ever reaching.
Cover art for Whitey: The Life of Americas Most Notorious Mob Boss. 2013. Google Play. Lehr,
Dick, and ONeill, Gerard. 09 February 2015.
This book cover art depicts that Bulger has a strong and vivd legacy of being extremely
notorious and that he is considered to be the most popular mob boss ever. It ties into the
Bulgerology theme.
David Boeri. 2014. WBUR. 22 February 2015.
This is a picture of a famous staff writer for WBUR who has written so much media about
Whitey Bulger and even has a whole website dedicated to Bulger. It shows that Bulger has had
so much influence that reporters have spent their whole life covering his antics.

Debra Davis death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.

Deborah Hussey death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Donnolly, Eddie. "A Checkered Jockey's Story of Racing, Rage and Redemption."Ride the White
Horse. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.
This entire website was created by a horse jockey that was bribed and threatened by whitey. This
page showed us images of him throughout his career and helped us learn the importance of the
lives that Whitey affected.
Door to Whitey Bulgers Apartment. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
This photograph shows the door to Whiteys apartment depicting all the possibilities of what
might be inside. There is a lot that happened behind that closed door showing its significance.
Edward Connors death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
"Evidence from the Whitey Bulger Trial."The Boston Globe. The Boston Globe. Web. 11 Feb.
2015.
This library of pictures provided an extensive library of evidence from Whitey Bulgers trial
ranging from photographs from througout Bulgers life to drug charts created by the FBI. We
used many of these pictures throughout our website to show different aspects of his life. It is
extremely helpful in displaying the incriminating evidence that the prosecution used to convict
him and the crimes he committed.
FBI Chart- Combined. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09 February
2015.
This photograph shows a diagram of transactions from the Liquor store and Variety Mart both
located on the same street. It is a flow chart demonstrating the line of hierarchy in the payments.

FBI Chart- Rotary Variety Store. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
This photograph shows a diagram of transactions from a Whitey Bulger controlled business in
the years 1985 to 1994.

FBI Chart- South Boston Liquor Mart. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office.
09 February 2015.
This photograph shows a diagram of transactions from a Whitey Bulger controlled business in
the years 1984 to 1997.
FBI Drug Organization chart. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
This photograph shows a diagram of the Boston drug chains during Whiteys reign. Depicting
him at the top it shows that he is in command.
FBI Top Ten Most Wanted Poster. 2000. Snipview.com. 09 February 2015.
This photograph displays the infamous Whitey and how he actually came into power. He was
number one on the list for almost 14 years because he was nowhere to be found. This picture just
shows how dangerous he was.
FBI Winter Hill Gang Organization chart. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys
Office. 09 February 2015.
This photograph shows a diagram of Whiteys gang during Whiteys reign. Depicting him at the
top it shows that he is in command and a true leader of the group.
"FBI Seeking Bulger Companion Catherine Greig." FBI. 20 Jun. 2011. Television.
This broadcast by the FBI lead to Bulgers final arrest. It is used on our On The Run page to
show how he was caught.
Former FBI Special Agent John J. Connolly Jr. (c.) Left a Federal Courthouse in Boston after
He Was Found Guilty of Racketeering in 2002. 2002. By Charles Krupa.
This photo shows an angry John Connolly as he receives his conviction on being a rat in the FBI.
It conveys that a lot of measures need to be taken to stop the FBI from letting their informants,
Bulger, take advantage of them.

Francis Leonard death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Frank Wyshak. 2013. By Patrick Whittmore 09 February 2015.
This is an image of the hardcore prosecutor Frank Wyshak giving a defensive look. This will be
helpful in the whos who section of our project.
Fred Weichel. 2014. Boston Herald. 24 February 2015.
This image shows the man who has recently asked Whitey to help defend him in his murder trial.
Whitey has wanted to eagerly help showing that he believes that he is still a power player.
Jackie Bulger, younger brother of James "Whitey" Bulger, left the courthouse Monday. 2013. By
Aram Boghosian for the Boston Globe. 09 February 2015.
This is an image of the head of the Massachusetts Senate and Whiteys older brother. It shows
the frustration on his face while leaving the court at Whiteys trial. This is going to be helpful at
our whos who section.
James 'Whitey' Bulger Trial Sketches. 2013. By Margaret Small. 09 February 2015.
This collection of photos contains most the of the trial sketches that were drawn during the
Bulger Trial. It shows the vivid emotions and familiar faces of who was involved in the
conviction of the infamous Whitey. They are inside looks at how the trial unfolded.
James OToole death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
John Callahan death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.

An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
John Connolly. 2013. By the Boston Globe. 09 February 2015.
This image is of the crooked FBI agent John Connolly who informed Flemmi and Bulger that
they were about to be indicted. This is another image that will be greatly used in our whos who
section.
John Connolly. 2012. By Mafia Today. 25 February 2015.
This image is of John Connolly. Its purpose was to go on our timeline page to show when
Whitey met Connolly when they were very little. Since they met when they were so young, that
is the one of the only reasons why Whitey actually listened to Connolly when he wanted him to
be an FBI informant.
John McIntrye death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Joseph Notarangeli death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Judge Denise Casper. 2013. By Pat Greenhouse/ The Boston Globe Staff. 09 February 2015.
This image is of the judge who oversaw the trial of Whitey. Being able to put a name to a face is
going to help the veiwers of our website.

J.W. Carney. 2013. The New York Daily News. 09 February 2015.
This image is of Whiteys defense attorney J.W. Carney who was handed the daunting task of
helping the criminal. This image will be helpful in our whos who section.

Kevin Cullen. 2013. UMass Amherst. 22 February 2015.

This is an image of another investigative reporter who has also written numerous articles about
Whitey, and who has also co-authored a book with Shelley Murphy. It shows that Whiteys story
is so important that numerous people have dedicated their life to following the stories of Whitey.
Kevin Weeks. 2013. By Aram Boghosian for the Boston Globe. 09 February 2015.
This image is of an accomplice and friend of Whiteys, Kevin Weeks, who testified against his
friend at the trials. This image is also going to be used in our whos who section.
Kevin Weeks book. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09 February 2015.
This photograph shows that Bulger bought and read his accomplices book, entitled Brutal. This
shows that he still was connected to his mob friends and close ties, if not literally at least through
literature.
Kroft, Steve. "John Martorano: The Executioner." 60 Minutes. CBS Interactive, 3 Jan. 2008.
Web. 26 Feb. 2015.
This interview showed us how Whiteys associates made out, how they viewed him, and
ultimately gave us insight directly in to him through the eyes of his hit man.
Living room area of James Whitey Bulger. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys
Office. 09 February 2015.
This photograph shows the tiny conditions of Bulgers apartment in Santa Monica and the
bedroom and living room combo where he hid his stashes.
Marilyn Monroe signed picture. 2015. Boston Globe. Drawn by Josh Pietrantonio. 09 February
2015.
This picture was made by an inmate and fellow friend of Bulgers. Bulger signed it as a joke to
show that he was and is still a celebrity. This a huge piece in displaying how Bulger still has a
negative influence over people.
Michael Donahue death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.

Michael Milano death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
Michael Milano, 30, was killed when a gunman sprayed his Mercedes-Benz at a Brighton traffic
light. It was a case of mistaken identity. This shows a victim of Whiteys and a life he took away.
Mob Related Bookes from Bookself. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
This photograph shows that Whitey kept up with the outside world by reading about the goingson of mobs and mafias. It shows that he still remained in power.
Money from hide laid out on bar. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
This photograph shows the money that filled the hide in Whiteys kitchen. He held large amounts
of cash in his apartment most likely having to do with some drug trafficking.
Old Harbor Housing Project. 2013. WBUR. Provided by David Boeri. 25 February 2015.
This photograph shows the housing project that Whitey grew up in. It shows that because Whitey
grew up in tight knit Southie, he was able to have a lot of connections aiding his rise to power.
This will be helpful on our timeline page.
Osama Bin Laden. 2011. Biography. 25 February 2015.
This photo, while may seem odd is key in to how Whitey got captured. After Osama Bin Ladens
death, Whitey assumed 1st on the FBIs list of the Top Ten Most Wanted, shifting the attention
directly to him. Because of this Whitey was soon found. This will be helpful on our timeline
page.
Paul McGonagle death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Photograph taken by FBI in California. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office.
09 February 2015.

This photograph shows a hide filled with money and knives that was hidden behind the bar at
Whiteys apartment. This shows that he was involved in illegal activity during the time of being
hidden away.
Photograph taken by FBI in California 2. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys
Office. 09 February 2015.
This photograph shows a hide filled with money and guns in the wall of Whiteys apartment.
These alarming findings show that Whitey was less than innocent in hiding.
Photograph taken by FBI in California 3. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys
Office. 09 February 2015.
This photograph shows a hide filled with money and guns in the wall of Whiteys apartment.
These alarming findings show that Whitey was less than innocent in hiding.
Photograph taken by FBI in California 4. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys
Office. 09 February 2015.
This photograph shows a hide filled with guns in the bathroom of Whiteys apartment. These
alarming findings show that Whitey was less than innocent in hiding.
Princess Eugenia apartments. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
This photograph shows the outside of the building in which Whitey Bulger hid for 16 years. It
conveys that one never truly knows what is inside of a building, or who.
"Prosecutors Play Tapes of Whitey Bulger Jailhouse Conversations." The Boston Globe. The
Boston Globe. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This website provided three audio clips of Whitey that were recorded in jail. They gave us a
priceless view into his personality and story from his own perspective as he recaps old times.
One clip is used on the behind bars page.
Richard Castucci death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.

Roger Wheeler death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Rotary Variety in South Boston is located at 309 Old Colony. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by
US Attorneys Office. 09 February 2015.
This photograph shows an old base of operations that Whitey held before fleeing. He laundered
money with the cover of this business.
Shelley Murphy. 2013. Northeastern University. 22 February 2015.
This is an image of Shelley Murphy, a woman who has given her whole life to reporting findings
of Whitey Bulger. She has written multiple stories about Bulger and even a book.
South Boston Liquor Mart. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09 February
2015.
This photograph shows the place that Bulgers associate, Kevin Weeks was in charge of. It was
the business that they took from Stephen Rakes who was found dead during the trial.
Stephen Flemmi. 2013. By the Boston Globe. 09 February 2015.
This is an image of Whiteys notorious partner in crime who testified against him at the trial.
This will be a useful picture in our whos who section.
Stephen Rakes. 2013. By the Boston Herald. 09 February 2015.
This image shows the man who was prepared to testify against Bulger but was murdered before
he had the chance to do so. It showcases a laughing Rakes which provokes emotions that victims
of Bulger still exsisted even when he was behind bars.
Swamphammer Logo. 2015. By swamphammer.com. 09 February 2015.
This is an image of the logo of the band Swamphammer who created a song all about Whitey
Bulger, proving how popular and influential he really is.
The Bulger Trials. 2013. By WGBH. 09 February 2015.

This image shows Whiteys menacing face with a blood red background advertising The Bulger
Trials. It creates a menacing mood which entices the readers to look into the trials and want to
learn more about what happened to Bulger.
The Departed Movie Poster. 2006. IMGkid.com 09 February 2015.
This photograph is of the movie poster of a blockbuster film that was loosely based on Whitey
and John Connolly. This just shows yet another way in which Bulger has infiltrated the everyday
lives of Americans as a notorious crime boss.
"The Effect 'Whitey' Bulger's Drug Dealing Had on South Boston." Michael Patrick MacDonald.
WGBH, South Boston. 2 July 2013. Television.
This newscast provides an interview with a man directly effected by Bulgers reign. We used part
of this video clip on the legacy page. It helped us to understand the true toll that Whitey took on
South Boston, as well as where the city stands today.
Thomas King death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Transcript between James "Whitey" Bulger and His Brother, John "Jackie" Bulger. 2012. By US
Attorneys Office. 09 February 2015.
This image shows a transcript of a recorded conversation between the two brothers from the
Plymouth County House of Corrections. Whitey was talking about a murder that he committed
which would be an interesting addition to our project as a piece of hardcore evidence.
Triple Os Bar. 2013. The Boston Globe. 22 February 2015.
This picture shows the famous hangout of Whitey Bulger, where most of his money laundering
and extortion went down. The owner of the bar even paid Whitey, showing his influence
furthermore.
Wanted Whitey Bulger. 2009. Holliston Reporter. 25 February 2015.
This is a good image to show that WHitey was truly seeked and hunted by the FBI. It shows how
desperate they were too because it is showcasing an award for up to 1 million dollars.

Weapon bag recovered by the FBI. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
This image shows a bag of guns that was found in Whiteys apartment in Santa Monica,
California. This proves that Whitey had a lot of connections to gain access to that many
weapons.
Weapons recovered by the FBI. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office.
09 February 2015.
Guns recovered from hide are displayed on bar at James "Whitey" Bulger's apartment in Santa
Monica, California.
Whitey Bulger At Age 14. 2013. Storify. 25 February 2015.
This photo is the first mug shot ever taken of Whitey. At the young age of 14 he was arrested for
larceny, showing that he cannot stay out of trouble, and it was premonition of the bigger trouble
to come.
Whitey Bulger Documentary Poster. 2014. Movie Web. 24 February 2015.
This adds to the Bulgerology ideals that are now shown in the 21st century. Whitey is a
household name and even great films have been created about him showing his life. This proves
that Whitey was and still is powerful.
"Whitey Bulger's Many Fake IDs Released by Prosecutors." LA Now. Los Angeles Times, 17
Aug. 2011. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This site gave us access to images of a handful of fake identification used by Whitey Bulger.
These helped us to understand how he managed to evade the FBI for so long and the images
were used on the on the run page of our website.
Whitey Bulger Movie on Set Looks. 2014. By Fame Flyne. From Daily Mail. 25 February 2015.
These photos in the collection show behind the scenes looks at the movie that is going to made
about Whitey Bulger. It shows Johnny Depp in character as Whitey and some of the other main
characters even including a murder scene. This is going to help reveal Whiteys true legacy.
"Whitey Bulger Photos: Timeline of Crime."WMUR9. Mancester Hearst Properties, Inc., 4 June
2013. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.

This library of photos allowed us to better understand each crime that Whitey commited as well
as the overwhelming amount of crimes he had done. Some of these photographs were featured
throughout our website.
Whitey Bulger Today Mug Shot. 2011. Wikipedia. 25 February 2015.
This photo is of Whitey Bulgers mugshot from when he was finally arrested and captured after
being on the lam for 16 years. It encaptures the menacing look in Bulgers eye and just a modern
picture of what he looks like now. It will be useful on our timeline page.
William Bulger. 2013. By Caught in Southie. 09 February 2015.
This photograph shows a picture of Whiteys older brother, who was formerly the president of
the Massachusetts Senate. Whitey had influence over his brother and allowed for Whitey to get
away with things in the crime. This will be used in our whos who section.
William OBrien death certificate. 2013. Boston Globe. Provided by US Attorneys Office. 09
February 2015.
An alleged victim of Whitey, the death certificate signifies another life that Bulger took and just
how much influence he has. The evidence of the certificate was used in the trial and makes a
good asset to our website.
Secondary Sources
Bodenheimer, Carey, Michael Martinez, Carol Cratty, Paul Vercammen, Josh Levs, and Deborah
Feyerick. "Captured Fugitive 'Whitey' Bulger Will Be Taken to Boston."CNN. Cable News
Network, 23 June 2011. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This article helped us to understand Whiteys most important relationships during his reign. It
also detailed his capture and the tip that ultimately led to his arrest.
Boeri, David. "Whitey The Prisoner: A Master Manipulator." Whitey The Prisoner A Master
Manipulator RSS 20. 30 May 2013. Web. 9 Feb. 2015. <http://www.wbur.org/2012/05/30/bulgerii>.
This article displays how Whitey is a master manipulator even in his stints in jail he refuses to
relinquish power and he still holds power over others. Everything about him leaves a legacy and
a story behind.
"Bulger On Trial." Bulger On Trial. WBUR, 22 May 2013. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.

This interactive map shows the important places that Bulger visited and gave us insight to his
habits such as walking in parks with business affiliates to avoid being recorded.
"Boston's Winter Hill Organization's Chain of Command #WhiteyBulger." The Chicago
Syndicate. 10 June 2013. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This website gave us one persons interpretation of the Winter Hill Gang chain of command
while Whitey Bulger was in charge. This chart is used in the affiliates page.
Carr, Howie. Hitman: The Untold Story of Johnny Martorano : Whitey Bulger's Enforcer and the
Most Feared Gangster in the Underworld. New York: Forge, 2011. Print.
This book is going to be a great asset to our project. It is going to allow us to see more in depth
into the relationships that Whitey held with his hitmen, in this case with John Martorano. This is
going to help us prove how much of a leader Whitey was.
Clayton, Mark. "Whitey Bulger Trial and the FBI: How Have Rules about Informants Changed?"
The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 4 June 2013. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This article talks about the legacy of Bulger and how since his debacle the FBI has taken and
made much stricter measures regarding their FBI Informants. They now do not let them run
rampant like they did with Bulger. They now need to take responsibilities for their actions and
avoid creating another monster like Bulger.
Cramer, Shelley. "Whitey Bulger Pleads Not Guilty in Racketeering, Murder Case."
Boston.com. The New York Times, 7 July 2011. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This article outlines how Whitey planned to plead not guilty for 32 counts of racketeering,
money laundering, etc. It also mentions that the State plans on using over 40 witnesses. This is
extremely useful since it helps us to understand how the trial unfolded and that Whitey thought
he had the power to plead not guilty.
Cullen, Kevin, and Shelley Murphy. Whitey Bulger: America's Most Wanted Gangster and the
Manhunt That Brought Him to Justice. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2013. Print.
This book is going to provide so many good quotes to our website as well as greater detail into
the life of Whitey Bulger. Having access to this information if going to strengthen the argument
that Whitey has created a great legacy, one that is full of notorious greatness. It is going to give
us another form of insight into the life of Whitey.

DeMarche, Edmund. "Key Witness in 'Whitey' Bulger Trial Found Dead on the Side of a Road
outside Boston." Fox News. FOX News Network, 18 July 2013. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
This article talks about how a key witness that was scheduled to testify by the name of Stephen
Rakes was found dead while in the middle of the trial. Rakes was willing to testify against
Whitey unlike most people and was going to do it for those who were afraid. It includes good
quotes about how powerful Whitey was.
Fang, Celia, Amy Padnani, Cornelius Schmid, and Katharine Seeley. "James (Whitey) Bulgers
Alleged Victims." The New York Times. The New York Times, 11 June 2013. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This article gave us insight into the lives of the victims of Whitey Bulger allowing us to better
understand their involvement in his life. It also provided us with the photographs of each victim
on the Convictions page.
Feyerick, Deborah, and Kristina Sgueglia. "High Life Brought Low: Jury Finds 'Whitey' Bulger
Guilty in Killings, Racketeering - CNN.com." CNN. Cable News Network, 13 Aug. 2013. Web. 8
Feb. 2015.
The article displays fascinating information regarding the trial of Whitey and the summary of its
events. It provides quotes from the witnesses in the trial as well as many outcries from Bulgers
victims families.
Finley, Bill. "The Reverend's Deal with The devil." ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, 16 July
2013. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.
This source gave us insight to the events that took place to get the majority of the Winter Hill
Gang indicted through the eyes of a jockey that had been bribed, refused, and lived. This was a
rare event.
"James Whitey Bulger Trial." WCVB. WCVB-TV, 10 July 2013. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This forum provided us with many views on the trial of Whitey Bulger from people in the
Boston area. It also gave us access to a picture of the victim, Arthur Barrett, that was used on our
Convictions page.
Kirkjan, Stephen, and Shelley Murphy. "Whitey Bulger Was His Dad." Boston.com. The New
York Times, 24 Jan. 2010. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.
This article showed us a rare side of Whitey Bulger. We were able to see how he was as a family
man and more so as a human being rather than a monster.

Lehr, Dick, and Gerard Neill. Black Mass: The Irish Mob, the FBI, and a Devil's Deal. New
York: PublicAffairs, 2000. Print.
This book is going to help us analyze the life of Whitey Bulger even further. This is a great book
to add to our analysis on Whiteys life and how was able to manipulate and lead the FBI into
thinking he was in charge of them, not the other way around.
Martin, Phillip. "Potential Bulger Testimony Hovers Over Fred Weichel Case." Potential Bulger
Testimony Hovers Over Fred Weichel Case. WGBH News, 8 Apr. 2014. Web. 25 Feb. 2015.
This article shows a different perspective on the trial in which Whitey claims to have compelling
evidence. The whole debacle shows that Whitey thinks he still has power.
Mcphee, Michele. "Whitey Bulger on Life as a Fugitive: 'I Was Armed to the Teeth'" ABC News.
ABC News Network, 27 June 2011. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
This article talked about the life of Whitey Bulger when he was on the run. It gives us insight
into the power and thought process of Whitey. He snuck into Boston thinking that he truly would
not get caught.
Mcshane, Larry. "James (Whitey) Bulger Gets to Two Life Sentences... plus 5 Years."NY Daily
News. 14 Nov. 2013. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This website gave us access to mug shots of Whitey from different points in his life.
"Media Campaign Leads to Top Ten Arrest."FBI. FBI, 23 June 2011. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
The FBI provided an overview of the arrest of James Bulger in this article that was published on
their website. We were able to use the wanted poster from this page on our On The Run page
to show how the severity of his actions affected him.
Murphy, Shelley. "Former 'money Man' Testifies Bulger Held No-show Jobs." The Boston Globe
26 July 2013. Boston Globe. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This article is a great one that was written in the middle of Whiteys trial. It is going to help us
immensely by allowing us to learn about the racketeering and money laundering charges. Since
Whitey was in charge of such enterprises it really shows how he was a leader.
Murphy, Shelley, and Milton Valencia. "James Whitey Bulger Receives Two Life Sentences,
Must Pay $19.5m." The Boston Globe. The Boston Globe, 14 Nov. 2013. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.

This article provided us with the exact sentencing of Bulger along with reactions from many of
the people that he affected throughout his life and some detail about each of his crimes.
Murphy, Shelley. "Whitey Bulger Writes in Defense of Man Who Is Fighting to Get Murder
Conviction Overturned - The Boston Globe." BostonGlobe.com. 7 Apr. 2014. Web. 25 Feb. 2015.
This article provided us quotes from Whiteys letters in jail while also showing that Whitey still
believes he has the power to defend other men behind bars. He has not given up his legacy.
Murphy, Shelley. "Whitey Bulger Sparks Prison Probe - The Boston Globe." BostonGlobe.com.
7 Feb. 2015. Web. 9 Feb. 2015.
This article shows Whiteys lasting legacy and power perfectly. Whitey has been extremely
active behind bars following many escapades and scandals. This article highlights his most
recent scandals with amazing pictures.
Press, Associated. "Bulger Defends Self in 'Whitey' Sundance Film." New York Post. NYD
Holdings, Inc., 23 Jan. 2014. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This article provided information about a video that was created for a film festival in which
Whitey was able to defend himself. It finally filled in the other side of the story. We also utilized
a picture of Whitey Bulger being transported by the police on our website.
Reporter, Daily. "The Moment Fugitive Whitey Bulger Brazenly Posed as a Tourist in Alcatraz...
Where He Had Once Been a Prisoner." Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, 27 June 2011. Web.
9 Feb. 2015.
This article shows and displays pictures of Bulger in hiding and also pictures of him and his two
brother Billy and Jackie. These pictures are going to be very helpful to our site to show how and
what Bulger did during his time on the lam. They also showed how daring and confident he was.
Ronan, Sam. "Killed with a Handshake: Johnny Depp Films Brutal Murder Scene for Biopic of
Notorious Gangster James 'Whitey' Bulger." Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, 28 May 2014.
Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This article talks in depth about the 2015 movie that is coming out all about Whitey. It provides
us with some great quotes and information regarding why Johnny Depp wanted to play Bulger
and also how the movie is being made. This is helpful in portraying Whiteys legacy.
Seelye, Katharine. "Bulger Erupts at Suggestion He Acted as Informer." The New York Times.
The New York Times, 27 June 2013. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.

This news article showed Whiteys reaction to being an informer and helped us to conclude that
loyalty was one of his highest values. It also gave us an overview of the evidence used to support
both sides of the informant debate.
Seelye, Katharine. "Sticking by a Murderous Brother, and Paying for It Dearly." The New York
Times. The New York Times, 24 Nov. 2013. Web. 9 Feb. 2015.
This website talks about how after Whitey was finally captured he still had extreme amounts of
power over his brother. His brother willingly ruined his reputation to stay right with Whitey and
refused to talk. This shows that his legacy as a leader and controller of others lives on.
"The Bulger Trial a Day-by-day Recap - The Boston Globe." BostonGlobe.com. Web. 8 Feb.
2015. <http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/06/18/timeline-bulgertrial/vt9IWaAZ3xCRNdHJy5mRWO/story.html>.
The Boston Globe website cited above proved to be an extremely useful piece of information. It
included a summary of what happened every single day of the trial as well as primary source
documents that were given the judge and the jury. It conveys the evidence that convicted Whitey
Bulger.
"The Gaskos: Capturing Whitey Bulger." Simon, Tanya. 60 Minutes. Steve Kroft. CBS, . 14 Sept.
2014. Television.
This episode of 60 minutes showed us exactly how the FBI finally tracked down James Bulger
and also provided us with interviews of neighbors, FBI agents, and the apartment complex
manager of Whiteys building. In an extra from this episode we also found information about
ways that Whitey gained aliases and included an image from the video on our on the run page.
"The Story of Whitey Bulger." CNN. 16 Sept. 2014. Television.
This video provided us with a brief overview of Whiteys life along with important dates. We
used this clip on the introduction page as we felt it provided good background knowledge about
Whitey.
"Whitey Bulger's Attorneys Appeal His Conviction." CBS Boston. CBS Boston, 14 Aug. 2014.
Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This article showed us where Whitey stands today. It also gave us an image of Whitey during his
arrest that we used on the On The Run page.
"Whitey Bulger ." Bio. A&E Television Networks, 2015. Web. 09 Feb. 2015.

A great synopsis of Whiteys life was provided by this article. It also helped to enforce our belief
that Whitey was a prominent figure in Boston.

Appendix A
Transcript of Phone Interview with Boston Globe reporter Shelley Murphy on February 20,
2015. (56:40)
Murphy: Hello
Tainsh: Hi, this is Brittany and Michaela. We had emailed you about an interview about Whitey
Bulger.
Murphy: Yep, Ive been expecting your call. How are you?
Tainsh: Were good. How are you?
Murphy: Good
Tainsh: We just wanted to know if we have permission to record this call so that we can type up a
transcript.
Murphy: Yeah, sure. Thats fine. If theres anything that you forget feel free to email me if you
want to, but thats fine.
Tainsh: Alright, thank you. Our biggest comment on our website was that we didnt have enough
about his legacy. So, we were wondering if you could fill us in on what you think that was.
Murphy: Sure. Number one, I do want to point out something. I looked this morning again on
your website and there are a couple things that are wrong. One of them is, and this goes to
legacy, but if you look at the section on the trial, you say that he refused to plead guilty. In fact,
its the opposite. Whitey wrote letters after his capture, from jail, to various people which we had
seen copies of and in those letters he complains that he agreed to plead guilty to everything, that
he wanted to plead guilty to everything, and that the government refused to accept his deal
because what he wanted to do, he says, is he would plead guilty to everything if they would let
his girlfriend, Kathy, go free. And they refused. The reason they refused is they didnt have to
make a deal with him. They had him cold. They had all sorts of evidence against him, and they
didnt need to allow him to dictate terms. They didnt have to let Kathy go. They had enough on
both of them. But the thing about Whitey is he spent his whole life trying to cultivate this myth
that he was a good bad guy, that he was a gangster with scruples and principles. He tried
cultivate this by doing things in his neighborhood. Around the projects on Thanksgiving he
would deliver Turkeys to families, when he was younger. And even as a young hoodlum, he
would see little old ladies from the projects trudging up Broadway with their groceries and he

would stop. This is when he was in his twenties. He would say, Oh, Mrs. Moakley, Can I give
you a ride?. He was one of the few people in the projects that had a car, as a young man in his
early twenties. And yet he had a car because he was a crook and he was robbing banks and he
was doing illegal things. Bute he would use the car to give the little old ladies rides up
Broadway. He would be very gallant and let them out and help them up the steps with their
groceries. it was all about creating this perception that he was some sort of a good guy, a good
bad guy. So when people would sit around the stoops in Southie and talk about Jimmy Bulger,
wasnt he involved in this or that?, the old ladies would say, Oh, hes a good boy. He always
helps me with my groceries. He also perpetuated this myth that he kept the drugs out of South
Boston. He tried to perpetuate this myth of himself as a good gangster, but what we really now
know, the truth is that, he was an FBI informant and not only did he not keep the drugs out of
Southie, but by his own admission, his lawyers at his trial said he made millions upon millions
from drug trafficking. The truth is that, in terms of his legacy, at the trial, his lawyers were intent
on proving two things. They wanted to show that he wasnt an FBI informant, even though
theres no crime against that. They spent much of his trial trying to convince jurors that he wasnt
an FBI informant and that he did not kill any women. The thing that Whitey cared most about is
his reputation. He wanted to try to prove that he wasnt a rat and that he didnt kill women
because good guys, good bad guys, dont rat on their friends and they dont kill women. So, he
tried to perpetuate one legacy, but we now know its something else. When he was sentenced, the
judge said, you are nothing more than a common criminal who was motivated by money. Yes
you were smart Mr. Bulger, she told him, but it doesnt take much intelligence to threaten
someone with a gun. Thats what he did. He ruled by brutality and was manipulative. Those
closest to him could not believe that he was an FBI informant because they couldnt believe the
FBI would get into bed with someone as vicious as he was.
Arguin: What do you think of when you hear the name Whitey Bulger?
Murphy: Well Ive spent so many years writing about him. But the thing that comes to mind is, I
dont think Whitey Bulger could happen today. The first word that comes to mind is killer. I
think of victims. I think of the trail of victims that he left. I think its really important that people
not glorify him or glamorize him. There were real victims and there were a lot of families that
were destroyed by him and hurt by him. He picked on innocent people. He targeted innocent
people. If you had something he wanted, you had a problem. One of the things that I thought,
people need to remember that these are real people. Its not just some Hollywood movie. During
the trial, I was there every single day. Some of the victims families were really upset. The sisters
of one of the people that were murdered were in the hallway and a young woman came over to
them and said, are you the relatives of a victim?. They said yes and the woman said Oh,
cool! like it was cool. Its like, no, this is real life, and our brother was murdered. I think that its
important to remember that this is real. The other thing is, people have asked us, Could this
happen today?. Part of Whiteys legacy is the taint on the FBI. When his corrupt relationship
with the FBI was revealed, it shook peoples confidence in the FBI. When the FBI was hunting

for Whitey agents had trouble trying to enlist the help of people who knew him because they
didnt trust them. There were FBI Agents who protected Whitey for years from prosecution.
Whitey, early on, when he was preying on other gangsters, and extorting drug dealers and
bookmakers, they were afraid of him. But later, when he moved on to extorting legitimate
business people, he would warn them, Hey. If you go to the FBI, Ill know in five minutes.
There was a pattern that if people went to the FBI, to complain about Whitey, suddenly they
ended up dead.
Tainsh: The stuff about his money laundering is the stuff that we couldnt find a lot of
information on.
Murphy: Its not money laundering. Money laundering is different than extortion. Do you mean
the extortion?
Tainsh: Probably, we just had a really hard time understanding what any of that even was. We
couldnt find a lot on it. We found a lot about the victims and how the liquor mart was a cover
up, but we couldnt figure out what it was covering.
Murphy: Oh, I get what youre saying. A lot of the terms in federal court are very confusing, like,
whats racketeering? whats extortion?. But to put it into simple terms, there were a couple of
different versions of what happened with the liquor store. Kevin Weeks had one version and
Steve Rakes had another version, but the part that is undisputed is that Steve Rakes and his wife
bought this old sort of dilapidated gas station and they basically were turning it into a liquor store
back in 1984. So, they got all the approvals. They got the permits. They opened up the business.
It was only opened up for a very short time. According to Kevin Weeks, Steve Rakes sister said,
My brother is having trouble paying the bills and he wants to sell it. Rakes disputed that, he
claimed he never wanted to sell it. But, the part that is undisputed is that Whitey and Kevin
Weeks, and Steve Flemmi showed up at his house and they claim that Rakes changed his mind
about selling, but Rakes said no he never wanted to sell it. They basically threatened him in front
of his little kids. They put his little girl on their lap. They had a gun on the table. They basically
terrorized Rakes and said, you are selling it. They gave him a bag of like $67,000 and said
Okay, now we own it. Its ours. Rakes fled. He was afraid they were gonna kill him. So, what
happened is once Whitey took it over, money laundering comes in. Whitey never put it in his
own name. The names on the actual property were, I think initially it was one of Whiteys
associates Kevin ONeil. So basically, Whitey owned it outright, but there was this whole
scheme. He was forcing ONeil to pay him money every month and made it look like it was rent
payments. Ill send you a couple of clips from the trial that might help you. Did you see on the
Globe? They lay out how it worked with the payments.
Tainsh: Can you repeat that one more time? Im sorry.

Murphy: Im saying I can send you a couple of news stories that sort of lay it out. But money
laundering is what Whitey was trying to do to show that he had legitimate income, like when he
had the lottery ticket. You know about the winning lottery and how he claimed he won the
lottery? In other words, the government can come after you for taxes if youre unemployed, but
youre buying Mercedes and its obvious youve got money coming in cause you have all these
assets. They try to show that you are doing something illegal because clearly you are getting
money. For Whitey, he was trying to show that he had legitimate income. What theyre saying is
that he had hidden ownership, that hes flipping properties and people are paying him money. Its
all a guise to sort of hide his illegal profits. But Ill send you the clips thatll spell it out for you.
They might make it a little easier for you to understand it. The way the federal law is very
different than state law, and maybe this is more that you need to know, but there is no such thing
as a murder charge in federal court. They charge you with racketeering, and they claim that, as
part of this enterprise that he ran, that he committed all these different acts including murder.
Each murder is part of the racketeering. Do you see what Im saying?
Tainsh: Yeah
Murphy: So in other words, he was doing all of these things as a part of the boss of his criminal
enterprise. Those things were extortion, forcing bookmakers to give him some of their profits,
forcing bookies that are taking bets. They had to pay him money to operate, same thing with drug
dealers. They had to pay him money to operate. If you were selling cocaine in Southie, you had
to give Whitey a piece of it. Thats considered extortion. Thats where he was making most of his
money. Whitey wasnt out on the streets selling cocaine, but he was working to bring it into
Southie, forcing people to buy it from his network, and then forcing them to give him a
percentage of the profits. He was sort of insulated.
Tainsh: So he was still making money off of it.
Murphy: Yeah, that was the thing. For years he claimed that he kept the drugs out of Southie.
There were huge cocaine busts back in the early 90s of some of his associates and there were
allegations that they paid a percentage to Whitey, but they never had enough evidence to get
Whitey. So, when they finally indicted him, and of course he fled, when they caught him, one of
the big surprises were that at the trial, his lawyers stood up and said during opening statements
that Whitey made millions upon millions on drugs. Everyone just kind of gasped because he
always tried to perpetuate that myth that he kept the drugs out. It was a strategy because Whitey
knew they had overwhelming evidence against him on the drugs. They had a parade of drug
dealers that were ready to testify, Yeah, I sold drugs. I paid him and he actually forced us to buy
from certain people. He was directly involved in importing cocaine and marijuana. The
evidence was so overwhelming. I think it was a strategy because Whiteys lawyers felt, Well if
he admits that he made money from drugs, then maybe the jury will believe him when he says he
didnt kill the women and he wasnt an FBI informant.

Tainsh: So they would think he was being honest.

Murphy: Even then, even when he admitted that he sold drugs, they said, Oh, but he did draw
the line at angel-dust and heroin. As if that made him a good guy. It was only cocaine and pot.
But, money laundering is just a way to hide profits. For example, on one of the money
laundering counts, Whitey put himself down as an employee at the liquor store. Even though he
owned the liquor store, he made it look like he was getting a salary.
Arguin: That makes a lot more sense now.
Murphy: Yeah, its hiding it. The whole scheme on the liquor store, initially he had it. Then it
was sold. Initially he was the owner that bought it. Then he had someone elses name on it, but
he always actually owned it. At one point he was claiming that he was making payments, when
in fact he really already owned it. Its just to try to cover up where his money was coming from.
During the trial, the government said it was conservative, but they estimated that he made about
$25,000,000 just from selling drugs and from extortion over the years.
Arguin: In your opinion was James Bulger a leader? And is he one we will always remember?
Why or why not?
Murphy: Well I mean Hitler was a leader so, yeah. Whitey was certainly the leader of a gang.
When he was with the Winter Hill Gang, they each were sort of equal partners, but he managed
to, you mentioned this on your website, when most of the leaders of the Winter Hill Gang were
indicted in, I think it was, 1978-79, he and Flemmi were kept out of the indictment because they
were FBI informants. Then they went on to do other things. He and Flemmi were partners, but
Whitey emerged as the leader of this South Boston based gang. So, yeah, he was a leader. He
was the boss. He controlled everything that came in and out of Southie. People were terrified of
him. He was very manipulative. People said if he wanted you to like him, you would like him.
Usually there was something in it for him. If he was nice to someone, its usually because he
wanted something. But yeah, he ruled by intimidation and fear. Theres no doubt he was the boss.
People were, like I said, they were afraid of him. Everybody knew not to mess with him. The
testimony through the various trials was that if he didnt like someone, he would find a reason to
kill them. He didnt really need much reason either. What would happen is when they killed
some of these people, hes a sociopath, and he would kill these people. Kevin Weeks said he used
to get some gratification out of it. He would actually enjoy it, this release. He would be all
stressed out before and then he would lie down and take a nap and leave his associates to bury
the bodies. They buried three of them in a cellar over in Southie. He definitely was the boss, but
what kind of leader? I started to say that people have asked us when we were going out on book
tour, Kevin Cullen and I, Could this happen today? Could there be someone this vicious? He
was able to rise to power. He would either eliminate his rivals by killing them or by leaking

information to the FBI that would lead to their prosecution. So he used the FBI to eliminate his
rivals. Could that happen today? I dont think so. I think part of the issue here was that when
Whitey was on the streets back in the 70s- 80s, the FBIs number one, and even up into the 90s,
their number one mandate was to take out the mafia. It was a national strategy to eliminate the
mafia. This was happening all over the country. What they never did was take into account
regional differences. In Boston, the Irish mob was just as bad as the Italian mob. Yet the FBI
used Whitey as an informant against the mafia. Whitey didnt really have that much information
about the mafia. They didnt trust him. He was Irish. He didnt really have that kind of
knowledge about their exploits, but he was very smart because he partnered with Steve Flemmi.
Flemmi was Italian. Flemmi was offered membership in the mafia and turned it down. He
decided he was better off teaming up with Whitey. So basically, Flemmi was getting information
from the mafia and Whitey would get the benefit of that because the two of them would sit down
with their FBI handler, John Connolly, and would give him information. They would tell him,
This ones doing that. This ones doing this. They gave them information and helped them do
raids of prosecution in the New England Mob. The New England Mob was the Italian Mob. They
were decimated. Whitey and Flemmi meanwhile, theyre becoming more powerful because not
only is the FBI going after the mafia, but theyre taking a hand-off approach to Bulger and his
gang. Then some of them are downright leaking information to them causing murders. Like I
said, of the 19 murders in the indictment, three of them were FBI informants and one of them
was a potential witness against Whitey. They had agents warner Whitey, Hey, so and sos an
FBI informant. and then he would kill them.
Tainsh: So that his information obviously couldnt reach them.
Murphy: Say that again.
Tainsh: I said, just clarifying, it was so that the information that they had on him couldnt reach
the FBI. Was that why he would kill them?
Murphy: No, for example, as a member of Whiteys gang or if one of his associates was an
informant. For example, the murder of Brian Howard. Brian Howard was a Winter Hill Gang
associate. He was facing his own murder indictment in 1982 so he goes to the FBI. Hes trying to
cut a deal and he says, Hey, in order to get myself out of this jam Im in, I want to give you
information about Whitey Bulger. I know that Whitey Bulger was involved in the murder last
year of this multi-millionaire business man out in Tulsa, Oklahoma. You read about the world
highlight case? Roger Wheeler?
Arguin and Tainsh: Yeah
Murphy: He owned the world highlight company that was involved in legitimate gambling. The
Winter Hill Gang was basically scamming, skimming profits or whatever. Basically, they killed

Roger Wheeler, the owner of the company, as part of a takeover plan. So, Brian Halloran goes to
the FBI and says, Hey, I can tell you that I have information that Whitey was involved in the
murder of Roger Wheeler. So the FBI agent, John Connolly, then goes to Whitey and says,
Hey, Brian Halloran is cooperating against you. Then Whitey kills Brian Halloran. Thats what
Im talking about. If he told him someone was cooperating against him they would kill him.
There was a Riviera night club owner back in the 70s who was giving information to the FBI
about the Winter Hill Gang and same thing. FBI agent goes to Whitey and says, Hey, you better
watch out. Dont trust this guy, hes cooperating against you. So they kill him. If anybody went
to the FBI on Whitey, he would find out about it. You guys talked about Steven Rakes with the
liquor store. Well Steven Rakes father in-law was a Boston police detective and he went to John
Connolly and said, Hey, Whiteys extorting my niece. Let me back up for a second. He wasnt
Rakes father-in-law. He was Rakes wifes uncle. He was a Boston cop. He goes to the FBI,
Youve gotta do something about this. Whitey is extorting the store. Then the FBI tells Whitey.
The FBI agent tells Whitey. So Whitey basically says to Rakes, You better tell your uncle that I
know he went to the FBI. So people were terrified, they knew that he had a pipeline to the FBI.
Now they didnt necessarily know that he was an informant. They just thought he had corrupted
FBI agents and thats what Whitey claims, I paid them for information. Of course the FBIs
files indicate Whitey was an informant and gave up all sorts of information on his own gang,
people he didnt like, and on people in the mafia.
Arguin: With the partnership with Flemmi, you mentioned how Flemmi would get all the
information, but Whitey took credit for it. Do you think Whitey was more powerful than Flemmi
and that he had control over Flemmi?
Murphy: No, I think Whitey and Flemmi were equal partners, but I think that they both made
millions and they were both sociopaths. They killed together and they took care of each other. I
think that Whitey and Stevie together were a powerful combination. They each had some of their
own areas. Everything they did wasnt together. Flemmi - there were certain parts of the city that
he controlled, where the bookies would pay him. Then there were other areas that Whitey
controlled. Whitey controlled Southie. Stevie had Rocksberry. But they were involved in a lot of
things together. Steve Flemmi didnt really trust the mafia. He didnt want to join the mafia. But
he and Whitey together, they had each others back. They watched each other. And they protected
each other. The root of the whole partnership, Flemmi was an informant since 1965. Whitey
didnt become an informant til 1975. Together they became this sort of invincible team. But no,
Whitey was not Stevies boss. They were equal partners.
Arguin: If they were equal why does Whitey have the legacy and Flemmi isnt as famous as
Whitey?
Murphy: The loyalty of Connolly was to Whitey, not to Flemmi. They grew up in the same
housing projects and it goes all the way back to,Whitey his brother Billy was one of the most

powerful politicians in the state. You have to go back to like the beginnings of why john connolly
protected Whitey and really it started out as a favor to Billy. I mean John Connolly started out in
the same housing projects in Southie as the Bulgers. He was much younger than Whitey, John
Connolly was, and he was younger than Billy but Billy was a mentor to John Connolly. Billy was
about four years older than Connolly but--almost five years older. He would basically, John
Connolly worked as a lifeguard with Billy Bulger. Billy Bulger was very disciplined and very
scholarly always studying and he used to always say to John, you need to study hard and go to
school, education is important. And Connolly said it was Billy that convinced him to join the
FBI. It was Billy who convinced him to go to college and so John Connolly felt kind of beholden
to Billy. And he saw that by making Whitey an informant he could help Whitey be protected so it
really started out according to testimony, at the trials, as a favor to Billy. And so he protected
Whitey and then I think John got in very deep, and started leaking information and it got to the
point where Whitey really controlled Connolly, not vice versa. But so I mean thats why, its that
whole story. Cashing in on the fact that basically based on the fact that the FBI was targeting the
mafia, Bulger used that to eliminate his rivals and provide information and in return he was
getting payoffs to John Connolly and other agents and they were leaking him information that
helped him.
Arguin: 20 years from now what do you think people will remember about Whitey?
Murphy: What will they remember well you know its interesting because Southie is so
different today, I dont think really a lot of people over there today knew much about who
Whitey was until he was captured, and had the trial and it was sorta back in the news. I think
today he is irrelevant over in Southie. Hes part of a really distorted, bad chapter in Bostons
history but hell always have his place in that history. I think its more of a cautionary tale. His
legacy will be as this vicious killer who was able to get away with murder because he
manipulated the FBI, and he was able to basically rise to the top of organized crime in the city
because he had the FBI in his pocket. So, itll be more of a cautionary tale. I think its a black, a
dark spot in the cities history.
Tainsh: Do you think this helps keep the FBI in line today because of how the public views
them?
Murphy: Well no, I think that there were really good FBI agents who were trying to do the right
thing all along the way. And they were really good FBI agents who were trying to catch Whitey
when he was on the run. But I think that the FBI early on though was trying to keep the
relationship quiet, the FBI made a lot of mistakes in terms of handling Whitey. But I think that
what also came out of this was there were Congressional hearings, back in 2003, 2002 looking at
the FBIs relationship with Whitey and other informants and there was a whole revision of the
justice department guidelines, they put in requirements that there be more oversight, because part
of the mistake here, I mean John Connolly, I did numerous interviews with him and he talked

about how people complained how you shouldnt have the hometown agent in charge of the
hometown gangster. But he was saying that he was the only one that could have gotten
information out of Whitey. But the thing is there was a lack of oversight, they have changed the
guidelines to put more oversight in check, but the FBI is always going to need informants, they
need informants of terrorists, but I think what it does is put the focus on scrutiny- that there
needs to be scrutiny, that there needs to be accountability. There have been other cases since
Whitey here in Boston of people that were exposed they were FBI informants and they were
suspects in murders, so its not like the FBI stopped having informants. I think that what the
Whitey case did do was that it brought more changes in the informant guidelines nationally, and
it requires more oversight now. So one agent cant have that relationship that Connolly had [with
Whitey]. Now they need prosecutors, someone outside the FBI overseeing that.
Tainsh: Do you think personally that Whitey killed Deborah Hussey and Debra Davis since he
claims to have never killed a women?
Murphy: So well now I think this is the key here, that it goes back to this, is Whitey, he really
thinks very highly of himself if youve heard any of the letters that hes written from prison that
weve quoted from hes determined to convince people-- it drives him crazy that his relationship
with the FBI was exposed because theres nothing worse in the depths of the Irish psyche than
being a rat. You just dont do it, certainly not in Southie. So its very important to him that people
believe that he didnt-- that he was never an informant and that he never killed a women. And
that goes with his whole sense of himself because people see him for years and the guy is
strangling women and burying them in secret grave, theres no redemption, how can you look at
this guy and say that he has any redeeming value. So its very important to him to convince
people that thats not true. The thing is, in the case of Deborah Hussey, the reason the jury
convicted him was that there was corroborating evidence. It wasnt just Flemmi. Flemmi was the
only witness on Debra Davis, he was the only one that said I was there and Stevie had every
reason to kill Debbie Davis, so the jury would have had to believe just Flemmi, and he was the
only other one there that testified at trial saying, yeah he did it. But the thing about Hussey is,
you had two witnesses there, not only Flemmi, but you also had Kevin Weeks and Kevin Weeks
and Flemmi both testified that Whitey killed Deborah Hussey, and the reason that its so-- why I
think the jury was convinced- and that its so believable is when Kevin Weeks cut his deal,
Whitey was still on the run and Kevin cut a deal, he ended up serving only 5 years for being an
accessory for 5 murders and he implicated Whitey in a number of those murders and one of those
being with Hussey. And the bottom line is he didnt have to implicate Whitey in the Hussey
murder if it wasnt true. In other words, he didnt get anything extra by saying Whitey killed
Deborah Hussey. He could have said, Oh he did these four but he didnt do that one, because it
wouldnt impact on his deal, at all. So I think thats what makes Kevins testimony so believable,
so I think thats the jury convicted Whitey of that, and I think that there was overwhelming
evidence that Whitey did kill Deborah Hussey. Ive interviewed Kevin Weeks many times and
his story has never changed. Its always been consistent as to what he saw and what he

participated in, and I think that the jury thought him credible so he [Whitey] wants to say, uh you
cant take the word of these killers, but these are the people Whitey hung with, these are his
guys, and the interesting thing to me is that Kevin Weeks admitted that he still sort of respected
Whitey, and he actually loved the guy. He still has some feelings of, he liked him through all the
years they were together, and I think its not like in giving up Deborah Hussey, Kevin Weeks
didnt get anything special. So thats why I think the jury found it so credible.
Arguin: Do you think that Whitey killed Debra Davis or did Flemmi do it?
Murphy: Well I think that they were both there and did it together, and the fact that Whitey is
adamant that he didnt kill Hussey, despite the overwhelmingly evidence makes it less credible
that he didnt kill Davis. And they were killed in exactly the same fashion. They were both killed
in a house in South Boston, buried in an unmarked grave. I interviewed Whiteys first girlfriend
Teresa Stanley many times.(and by the way you should fix that on the page of your website, the
On the Run, that he was with Teresa Stanley on the run for a couple of years, thats not so, they
were only on the run together for a few months, then she said take me home, I dont want to live
like this. But also that photo of them on Alcatraz, that isnt from when he was on the run that was
from an earlier trip, before he was fugitive, so I wouldnt rely on the Daily Mail, their stuff isnt
really that accurate, and I would know that because Ive interviewed Stanley and Stanley told me
and Ive done interviews with her many times before she passed away.) But let me tell you this
little story, that Teresa told me. She talks about what Whitey did to Cathy. Teresa Stanley was
with Whitey since the 60s, he raised her four kids like his own, and she didnt know that he was
cheating on her with Cathy Greig for 19 of the years that they were together, and the way she
found out was right before Whitey was indicted, Cathy Greig calls Teresa and says, Lets go for
a ride, I need to talk to you its important. So she picks Teresa up at her house and takes her to
Cathys house in Quincy. Meanwhile Whitey finds out that they were meeting and basically
Cathy tells Teresa, Ive been sleeping with him and hes been cheating on you all these years
and Im tired of being the other women and I just want it to end. He needs to choose between
you or me and thats why Im telling you. Whitey bursts in, and this is according to Teresa, she
tells me this story, Whitey bursts in with Kevin Weeks and he started screaming, Cmon Teresa
lets get out here. Hes livid that Cathy told Teresa, hes pissed and Cathy keeps yelling, he
keeps saying that its not true, shes just saying this, its over and shes yelling, Im tired of
being the second fiddle, the other one, you need to choose, and Whitey was in a rage and he
started strangling Cathy Greig, he had his hands around her neck and Kevin Weeks said he had to
pull him off of her. And Teresa and Kevin weeks both told me that story in interviews. So this
idea that Whitey would never hurt a woman, is-- he had his hands around Cathys neck and this
was the love of his life, who he ends up with later. Teresa told another story too, that he was very
controlling, he had a nasty temper, a really nasty temper, and he hated anybody that would cross
him. And he was vicious, and in fact, Kevin Cullen and I were working on our book and I got
these letters he wrote to a friend he did time with in Alcatraz, and the friend shared these letters
with me, and the friend thought that Whitey had a good time with him and he shared these letters

to show another side of Whitey. But anyway, in one of the letters when Whitey had found out
that this guy had been talking to me, he wrote to him saying that I was a whore and a traitor,
because I was from Dorchester. But he was really nasty and vicious, the stuff that he was writing,
and Whiteys got a real violent temper and I dont think that Whitey has any qualms about
hurting a woman, this idea that, oh I would never hurt a woman, is just sheer myth. Teresa talked
about how controlling he was and how one time he was really upset with her because she was out
with a friend and they were drinking wine and he was physically abusive when he found out, he
was so angry at her. He was a nasty guy with a nasty temper and just the brutality of some of the
murders he committed, the way he killed Buffy Barrett, the way he killed John McIntyre, he was
so brutal and so vicious, and they were buried in secret graves so why would he drawn the line at
a woman. Why would a guy that vicious draw the line at a woman. And this is a guy that claims
he wasnt and FBI informant and the evidence is overwhelming that he was, so I dont know why
anyone would find Whitey that credible.
Tainsh: Do you think from looking at our website there was anything else that needed to be
changed?
Murphy: I just think that picture is a really cool picture of them at Alcatraz, and he did go to
Alcatraz when he was on the run with Kathy Greig, there were some reports where someone says
a man from this area said he saw him. And Whitey made a few trips to Alcatraz over the years,
but that particular photo of him and Teresa was not taken while he was on the run. He didnt go
to Alcatraz with Teresa when they were on the run I dont believe. I dont think that photo was
taken then. But you can still use the photo and say that he went there. But that one wasnt one
that surfaced while he was on the run. But its true that while he was on the run there were loads
of reports of him being seen at various places and it was a huge embarrassment for the FBI, that
he was on the FBIs Ten Most Wanted list for years and they couldnt find him when there was
tips of him being seen all over the world. There was lots of criticism about how hard they were
really looking to find him and it was absolutely a huge embarrassment to the FBI. They couldnt
find him, they kept upping the reward. So I think its fine to say that but tweak it with a few
words saying that he was not on the run when he took that photo.
Arguin: Is there anything that you think will put our project over the edge? Is there some
information that you know that you feel a lot of other people dont know?
Murphy: You might want to, I know you are trying to do this digital thing and have a lot of other
things that people can see, you should post some of the letters that he wrote. There are letters that
are really cool because you get inside his head. Theres a lot where he is saying, oh poor Kathy,
how dare the government send her to prison for 8 months because the bottom line is if she
cooperated against him, she could get less time. But she was never involved in any of his crimes.
Shes another victim of his. She was crazy about the guy. She served time for helping him evade
capture. But anyway, he wrote letters saying that he wouldve plead guilty to everything if they

let her go. And theres a number of thing in these letters. But there is a criminal case. I wrote
about this a couple of months ago. Theres a case, and I think we scanned in the letters into our
website so I might be able to dig it out and Ill send you the link. This is the thing, theres a guy
from Southie who was convicted of murder back in 1982, and he is trying to get a new trial, and
one of his supporters wrote to Whitey, looking for help asking, what do you know about the
murder, and Whitey wrote back, saying this guy didnt do it but anyways the letters that he wrote
had lots of information not just about the guy trying to get a new trial but about a lot of other
things. The letters were really interesting and they were put into evidence in the court case that
year. So they became public record. Anything that is an exhibit in the court case becomes a
public record. So there are a bunch of those letters-- a handful of them. And theyre public, and
theyre kind of cool in terms of insight and because theyre public you can use them. You might
want to take a look at those and use them for your project. I think you got some of the audio from
the trial of him in jail?
Tainsh: We found a few audio clips talking to other people, not of the actual trial.
Murphy: Okay you found the one I was talking about then. The trial unfortunately, federal court
as you know, none of that was public, they dont allow recordings, or anything like that. Thats
why the letters are good and you also had other stuff from the trial I saw.
Tainsh: We had a lot of the drawings, a few slideshows with the death certificates of the victims.
We used the photos from his apartment in California.
Murphy: In John Connollys trial in Miami in 2008 was state court so that trial, I covered that
one too, but Dateline was there everyday and they did a big show on it afterwards and I think
David Boeri has some of it on his website. But anyways there is video of the actual testimonies
that they got of Martorano, Flemmi, people like that. So there is some video of these witnesses.
Again I dont know how much of your project you want to do with video.
Arguin: We have a four minute limit for the media so we have to pick and choose carefully.
Tainsh: Which is very difficult.
Murphy: Well you know it is very hard. Ive been covering this story for forever and when we
were doing our book we were like oh my god what do you put in what do you leave out. Its just
so much and you dont want it to start reading like a Russian crime novel because there are so
many names. Like who, what? Do you name all the victims?
Tainsh: We do. Well we name the 11 he was convicted for and the one the jury couldnt reach a
verdict on. But we didnt put all 19 that he was originally indicted for.

Murphy: And again I think it came down to the fact that, they're all sort of unsavory characters.
And even the witnesses and the think the jury tried hard to, they didnt want the word of one
person. And these guys got incredible deals, thats the other thing, the government in order to
finally bring Whitey to justice they had to testify. They had to make deals with hitmen. I mean
nobody likes the idea that John Martorano killed 20 people but only served twelve years in
prison. And he was out walking around and it was pretty astounding. When you went down there
to cover Whiteys trial you would she Martorano walking down the street, but that is what they
had to do to finally get at the corruption. But to me, you talked about legacy and all that, and I do
think that it was really important that they caught Whitey and finally brought him back. To me, if
he had been allowed to just veer off into the sunset that could have been the worst thing because
the city would never know, not just of the victims, but for everybody. It was justice delayed but
at least he finally had a day in court. And Whitey in the end he chose not testify he claimed it
was because the judge wouldnt let him present his defense. He wanted to say that he had
immunity from prosecution and he could have taken the stand he couldve gone up there and told
his story and he said he was going to. But he decided not to and I think that he was afraid that
they would tear him up on cross examination. Hes a control freak and he wouldnt be able to
withstand that I dont think. You know what else was kind of interesting is when you read about
him, hes just this larger than life figure and I think we all have these stereotypes in our minds.
You watch the Godfather and Ive covered so many mafia trials and organized crime cases and I
think what I found sort of astounding was the first time that I heard Whiteys voice. He doesnt
sound like a tough guy at all.
Tainsh: He sounds like an old grandfather.
Murphy: Yeah, he does, he has a little whine, high pitched nasally. Like Martorano, he has the
stereotypical tough guy, but Whitey Bulger he doesnt sound, maybe that was part of it that he
ruled by fear. He might not have looked very intimidating, might not have sounded very
intimidating but people knew that if you crossed Whitey you didnt last very long. But I thought
that was interesting to hear his voice. Whitey looked really small in the courtroom, he had this
aura about him and when you see him in real life. Im sure it would have been a lot different to
see him in his prime than to see him now. Yeah, I thought it was interesting. Like the guy in the
prison said, hes like an old grandpa now except he killed 11 people at least.
Tainsh: Thank you so much for everything it will help us out a lot.
Murphy: Yes, well good luck on your project. Feel free to shoot me an email if you have any
other questions. Im like, its weird. If they ever did a trivia game on Whitey Ill clean up. Other
than that its all useless knowledge.
Tainsh: He is a very interesting character.

Murphy: He is. He is. So yeah, he wrote a letter to someone six months ago and he included a
copy of the story I wrote and he circled my bi-line and wrote sworn enemy of the Bulger
family. I was like boy Im happy hes behind bars!
Tainsh: Yeah thats someone you dont want coming after you!
Murphy: So the thing Ill send you a story that gives you help on the money laundering because
the trial was in 2013. And Ill send you a link to the letters. Because theyre public you can quote
from them and even take them and place them on the website if it fits into the theme that you
created.
Tainsh: Thank you so much have a great afternoon.
Murphy: Good luck to you, take care!