SPC- ALTERNATE EXAMPLES

Alternate Example 1
The Jammin' Shoe Company manufactures athletic shoes. The company wants to establish a pchart to monitor the production process using Z = 3.00. The company has taken a sample of 50
shoes every 4 hours for a work week of five days. Since the company runs two 8-hour shifts each
day, this will result in 20 samples. The sample results are as follows.

Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Number of
Defectives
0
1
0
3
2
5
3
2
1
0

Proportion
Defective
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.06
0.04
0.10
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00

Sample
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Number of
Defectives
4
1
1
2
2
3
4
1
5
2

Proportion
Defective
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.02
0.10
0.04

The population proportion defective is not known. Construct a p-chart to monitor this process.

Alternate Example 2
Freshly painted autos are inspected for blemishes. The company has established that the process
average that meets their desired quality level is 8 blemishes per sample during the inspection
process. Following are the results for inspecting 20 groups of 10 cars at random during a weeklong period.
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Blemishes
8
12
9
11
6
12
10
8
14
7

Sample
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Blemishes
6
8
9
15
7
10
11
12
9
6

Construct a c -chart using Z = 3.00 and determine if the painting process is in control.

Alternate Example 3
Ten samples of 3 batches of Bob's Potato Chips have been taken during a 3-hour period to test for
salt content of the chips. The individual observations from each sample are shown as follows.

Sample k
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.5
1.2

Observations (% salt content)

2
3
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.3
0.9
1.5
1.5
.16
1.4
1.6
2.0
1.5
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.3
2.3
1.2
1.5
1.6

1.40
1.30
1.20
1.36
1.56
1.60
1.70
1.53
1.66
1.43

R
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.7
0.8
0.4
1.1
0.4

Develop an R-chart to monitor process variability.

Alternate Example 4
Develop an x -chart to be used in conjunction with the R-chart developed Alternate Example 3
for the production of Bob's Potato Chips.

Factors for Determining Control Limits

Sample size
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

A2
D3
D4
1.88
0
3.27
1.02
0
2.57
0.73
0
2.28
0.58
0
2.11
0.48
0
2.00
0.42
0.88
1.92
0.37
0.14
1.86
0.34
0.18
1.82
0.31
0.22
1.78

Alternate Example 5
A part has a length specification of 5 inches with tolerances of + .004 inches. The current process
has an average length of 5.001 inches with a standard deviation of .001 inches. Calculate the Cp
and Cpk for this process. Indicate the capability of the current process.
Solution:

Cp =

USL LSL 5.004 4.996

=
= 1.33,
6
6(.001)

x LSL USL x
5.001 4.996 5.004 5.001
C pk = Minimum
,
,
= Minimum
3
3(.001)
3(.001)
3
= Minimum[1.67, 1.00] = 1.00

The process is capable of producing the part. However, the process mean is slightly
off-center.

Alternate Example 6
A process produces resistor that have a target value of 100 ohms. The tolerances call for + 1
ohm. Currently the process is producing resistors with a mean value of 100.5 ohms, and a
standard deviation of 1 ohm. Calculate the Cp and Cpk for this process. Indicate the capability
of the current process.
Solution:

Cp =

USL LSL 101 99

=
= .33,
6
6(1)

x LSL USL x
100.5 99.0 101 100.5
C pk = Minimum
,
,
= Minimum

3
3(1)
3(1)
3

= Minimum[.50, .167] = .167

The process is not capable of producing the part, even if the process is perfectly
centered. A new process should be found.