EC 310

Microcontroller Based Systems

Introduction - Part III

Lecture 3
Dr Javaid

1 of 28

N Bit Microcontroller
The number refers to the register width. The
registers are the heart of the microcontroller.
Many operations use registers, either to move
data or to do arithmetic or logical operations.
4-bit controllers have 4-bit registers, which can
only represent 16 different values, from 0 to
hexadecimal 0xF.
8-bit controllers have been the workhorse of the
industry for a couple of decades now. In 8 bits
you can store a number between 0 and 255.
2 of 28

Dr Javaid

Comp - 8 bit microprocessor and microcontroller

Dr Javaid

3 of 28

Four bit MicroControllers

4 of 28

Dr Javaid

8 Bit Microcontrollers

Dr Javaid

5 of 28

16 Bit Microcontrollers

6 of 28

Dr Javaid

32 bit Microcontrollers

Robotics
Highly Intelligent Instrumentation system
Avionics
Image processing
Telecommunications
Automobiles
Other areas which need operating system

Dr Javaid

7 of 28

32 bit Microcontrollers
Intel 80960
132 pins
20 Mhz
32 bit bus

Here line between microcontroller and

microprocessor is very thin.

8 of 28

Dr Javaid

MCU Market Forecast

Dr Javaid

9 of 28

Comparison

Microprocessors
General purpose
microcomputer
Chip does not have RAM,
ROM, interrupt controller,
timer. Req additional
circuitry.
High power requirement
Powerful addressing
modes. Op on large vol of
data nibble, byte, word
and double word.

No bit addressing
Speed is more
More no of pins, 150
10 of 28

Microcontrollers
Special purpose
microcomputer
Chip have RAM, ROM,
interrupt controller, timer.
Req no additional
circuitry.
Low Power requirement
Op on small volume of
data bit and byte.

Can address bit

Speed is less
Less no of pins, 16, 20,
40, 60.
Dr Javaid

Choosing a microcontroller
1. Meeting the computing needs of the task
efficiently and cost effectively
Speed
Power consumption
RAM and ROM
Number of I/Os and Timer
Cost per unit

Dr Javaid

11 of 28

Choosing a microcontroller
2. How easy it is to develop product around
it
Availability of assembler, a code efficient C
language
Debugger, simulator or emulator

12 of 28

Dr Javaid

Emulator

13 of 28

14 of 28

Dr Javaid

Dr Javaid

Choosing a microcontroller
3. Readily availability in the needed quantity
both now and in future. For some designer
this criteria carries more weight-age than first
two.
NOTE:- Be careful in selection of
microcontroller for NERC and FYP

Dr Javaid

15 of 28

The 8051
Microcontroller

16 of 28

Dr Javaid

Microcontroller
Intel (1976)
8748 (MCS-48 family)
1700 transistors
1 KB EPROM
64 Bytes RAM
27 I/O lines
8 bit timer

Used as a video game console (as a

100KHz 8021) and (in its 8042 variant) in
the original IBM PC keyboard.
Dr Javaid

17 of 28

Microcontroller
Intel (1979)
MCS-41 family
2K of program memory
128 bytes of data memory
8-bit timer/counter
40-pin package
MCS-41 controllers commonly used for
keyboard control or other simple tasks such
as ADC control.
18 of 28

Dr Javaid

Microcontroller
Intel (1980)
8051 (MCS-51 family)
60,000 transistors
4 KB ROM
128 Bytes of RAM
32 I/O lines
Two 16 bit timer
Serial Port

Dr Javaid

19 of 28

Other members of the 8051 family

8052
Has all standard features of 8051
Extra 128 bytes RAM and an extra timer
Extra 4 K ROM

8031
ROM less 8051

20 of 28

Feature

8031

8051

8052

ROM (on-chip program space in

bytes)

0K

4K

8K

RAM (bytes)

128

128

256

Timers

I/O pins

32

32

32

Serial port

Interrupt sources

Dr Javaid

10

Various 8051 c Manufacturer

Over 1000 versions of 8051
Intel
Atmel
Dallas Semiconductor
AMD
Infineon
SiLabs
Philips
Seimens
And many more ..
21 of 28

Dr Javaid

Atmel
AT89C51
Flash memory
ROM burner required (erasure and
programming)

AT89C51-12PC by Atmel
AT stands for Atmel, C for CMOS (low power
consumption), 12 indicates 12 MHz, P for plastic
DIP package and C for Commercial (vs M for
Military)

22 of 28

Dr Javaid

11

Atmel
Part Number

ROM RAM

I/O
pins

Timer

32

Interrupts Vcc
6

5V

Packaging

AT89C51

4K

128

40

AT89LV51

4K

128

32

3V

40

AT89C1051

1K

128

15

3V

20

AT89C2051

2K

128

15

3V

20

AT89C52

8K

128

32

5V

40

AT89LV52

8K

128

32

3V

40

LV Low Voltage

Dr Javaid

23 of 28

Dallas Semiconductor
DS 5000 Chip
ROM is of NV-RAM type. Can be programmed
while in the system (ISP)
Part
Number

ROM RAM

I/O
pins

Timer Interrupts Vcc Packaging

DS5000-8

8K

128

32

5V

40

128

32

5V

40

DS5000-32 32K

24 of 28

Dr Javaid

12

Dallas Semiconductor
Part Number

NV-RAM

Speed

DS5000-8-8

8K

8MHz

DS5000-8-12

8K

12MHz

DS5000-32-8

32K

8MHz

DS5000T-32-8

32K

8MHz

DS5000-32-12

32K

12MHz

DS5000T-8-12

8K

12MHz

Dr Javaid

25 of 28

Philips
8051 family from philips
Largest selection of 8051 microcontroller
Their product include features such as ADC, DAC,
OTP and Flash version.

26 of 28

1. P87C51

12. P87C52

2. P87C54

13. P87C58

3. P87C51X2

14. P87C52X2

4. P87C54X2

15. P87C58X2

5. P87C51FA

16. P87C51FB

6. P87C51FC

17. P87C51RA+

7. P87C51RB+

18. P87C51RC+

8. P87C51RD+

19. P87LPC760

9. P87LPC761

20. P87LPC762

10. P87LPC764

21. P87LPC767

11.P87LPC768

22. P87LPC769

Dr Javaid

13

Seimens
SAB 80515 (another version of 8051)
68 pin package
6x8 bit I/O
13 Interrupt
8 bit A/D card with 8 input Channels

Dr Javaid

27 of 28

OTP Version
OTP version of 8051 (one time
programmable)
OTP version used for Product development

28 of 28

Dr Javaid

14

Detailed Block Diagram of 8051/52 Microcontroller

29 of 28

Dr Javaid

15