1

B GIO DC V O TO
I HC NNG

ON XUN THO

NGHIN CU K THUT CHUYN TIP

TRONG H THNG THNG TIN DI NG
4G/LTE-ADVANCED

Chuyn ngnh: K thut in t

M s: 60.52.70

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

Nng - Nm 2011

Cng trnh c hon thnh ti

I HC NNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. Phm Vn Tun

Phn bin 1: TS. Nguyn L Hng

Phn bin 2: TS. L Thanh Thu H

Lun vn c bo v trc Hi ng chm Lun vn tt

nghip thc s k thut hp ti i hc Nng vo ngy
03 thng 12 nm 2011.

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:

- Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i hc Nng
- Trung tm Hc liu, i hc Nng

M U
1. TNH CP THIT CA TI
Trc s pht trin v cng mnh m ca cc dch v s
liu, trc xu hng tch hp v IP ho t ra cc yu cu mi i
vi cng nghip Vin Thng di ng. Trong bi cnh ngi ta
chuyn hng sang nghin cu v trin khai h thng thng tin di
ng mi c tn gi l 4G da trn nn tng l cng ngh LTE (Long
Term Evolution).
Hin nay, trn th gii, cc nc Bc M v Bc u bt
u trin khai cc mng Vin Thng 4G dng cng ngh LTE. Ti
Vit Nam, cng ngh 4G/LTE c th nghim bi Ericssion
phi hp vi B Thng tin v Truyn thng trong nm 2010. n
nay, B Thng tin v Truyn thng cp giy php th nghim
4G/LTE trong mt nm cho nm n v, gm: VNPT, Viettel, FPT,
tp on Cng ngh CMC v tng cng ty VTC. Trong giai on 1,
d n th nghim cung cp dch v v tuyn bng rng 4G/LTE s
ph sng ti khu vc H Ni c tc truy cp Internet ln n 60
Mbps. Trm BTS dng cng ngh 4G/LTE c lp xong vo
ngy 10/10/2010, t ti Cu Giy, H Ni.
2. MC CH NGHIN CU
S ra i ca h thng 4G/LTE m ra kh nng tch hp tt
c cc dch v, cung cp bng thng rng (n 100 MHz), dung
lng ln, truyn dn d liu tc cao (1Gbps cho Downlink v
500Mbps cho Uplink). t c cc yu cu trn, cng vi vic
m bo tt cht lng dch v, cc cng ngh thnh phn tin tin
c xut s dng nh: OFDMA, MIMO anten, truyn dn a

4
im phi hp, Mt trong nhng cng ngh em li nhiu u
im v li ch thit thc l k thut chuyn tip, l vic t thm
cc nt chuyn tip chuyn tip d liu truyn gia trm thu pht
gc v thit b ngi dng. K thut chuyn tip c s dng vi
nhiu u im:
- M rng vng ph sng ca eNodeB
- Cung cp tc d liu cao, c bit ti khu vc ra cell,
ni m c t s tn hiu trn nhiu SNR thp
- Nng cao cht lng h thng
- Ti u c tiu th cng sut trn ton b tuyn truyn
dn
- Gi thnh thit b thp hn eNodeB
3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU
Tp trung chnh vo i tng nghin cu l k thut chuyn
tip trong h thng thng tin di ng 4G/LTE-Advanced, trn c s
nghin cu:
- L thuyt tng quan v cng ngh LTE/LTE-Advanced
- L thuyt v k thut chuyn tip
- Phn tch c tnh h thng phi hp
- Phn tch vng ph sng v tiu th cng sut trong k
thut chuyn tip
- Vit chng trnh m phng trn phn mm Matlab
kim chng kt qu l thuyt cp.
4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU:
- Thu thp, phn tch cc ti liu v thng tin lin quan n
ti

5
- Vit chng trnh chy m phng thc hin kim chng
cc kt qu.
5. NGHA KHOA HC V THC TIN CA TI
Cng ngh 4G/LTE ang c trin khai nhiu ni trn th
gii v bt u trin khai th nghim Vit Nam. Theo nhiu
nh gi chuyn mn, thi im thch hp cho cc dch v Vin
Thng 4G/LTE pht trin ti Vit Nam c d on khong t nm
2013 tr i. t c nhng tiu chun a ra ca h thng v tc
, bng thng, dung lng, k thut chuyn tip vi nhiu u
im ca n c xut s dng. Hng nghin cu v kt qu
t c ca ti s c nhng ng dng hiu qu gii quyt nhng
vn nu trn. Hn na, vic thc hin thnh cng ti m ra
nhiu hng nghin cu v ng dng khc trong thc tin.
6. KT CU LUN VN
Chng 1:

Tng quan v LTE v LTE-Advanced

Chng 2:

K thut chuyn tip

Chng 3:

Phn tch c tnh h thng phi hp

Chng 4:

Phn tch vng ph sng v tiu th cng sut

trong k thut chuyn tip

Chng 5:

Cc kt qu m phng bng phn mm Matlab.

CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V LTE V LTE-ADVANCED
1.1. GII THIU
LTE (Long Term Evolution) l bc tip theo dn n h
thng thng tin di ng th 4 hay cn gi l 4G. H thng ny c
k vng c nhng tin b vt bc v cng ngh cng nh nhng
tnh nng so vi th h 3G trc .
1.2. LTE
1.2.1. Cc yu cu ca LTE
1.2.2. Kin trc LTE
Trong LTE, mng truy nhp E-UTRAN v mng li l EPC.

Hnh 1.1 Kin trc LTE Release 8.

1.2.2.1. Mng truy nhp v tuyn
Mt trm gc mi phc tp hn NodeB trong WCDMA,
l eNodeB (Enhanced NodeB). eNodeB tha hng cc chc nng

7
ca RNC. eNodeB chu trch nhim qun l ti nguyn v tuyn ca
1 , cc quyt nh chuyn giao, lp biu cho c ng ln v ng
xung trong cc ca mnh.
eNodeB c ni ti mng li thng qua giao din S1. S1
ging nh giao din Iu gia mng li v RNC trong WCDMA
Gia cc eNodeB c giao din X2 ging nh giao din Iur
trong WCDMA.
1.2.2.2. Mng li
- Thc th qun l di ng MME
- Cng dch v (Seving Gateway)
- Cng mng d liu gi (PDN Gateway)
1.2.3. C ch truyn dn
a truy nhp phn chia tn s trc giao cho ng xung
(OFDMA) v a truy nhp phn chia tn s - n sng mang (SCFDMA) cho ng ln.
1.2.3.1. Truyn dn ng xung
1.2.3.2. Truyn dn ng ln
1.2.4. Gii php a anten (MIMO: Multi Input Multi Output)
MIMO l k thut s dng nhiu anten pht v nhiu anen
thu truyn v nhn d liu. MIMO chia lung d liu thnh nhiu
lung n l, pht cc lung d liu ny trn cng mt knh v tuyn
ti cng mt thi im. Pha thu s dng mt thut ton x l v
to ra tn hiu pht ban u t nhiu tn hiu thu c.
1.3. LTE-ADVANCED
LTE-Advanced l s tin ha trong tng lai ca cng ngh
LTE nhm p ng nhng yu cu ca cng ngh th h th 4 (4G).

8
1.3.1. Cc yu cu ca LTE-Advanced
1.3.2. Cc cng ngh thnh phn xut cho LTE-Advanced
1.3.2.1. Truyn dn bng rng hn v chia s ph tn.
1.3.2.2. Gii php a anten m rng
1.3.2.3. Truyn dn a im phi hp
1.3.2.4. Cc b lp v cc b chuyn tip
1.4. SO SNH LTE v LTE-ADVANCED
Bng 1.1 So snh cc yu cu ca LTE v LTE-Advanced
Cng ngh

LTE

LTE-Advanced

Tc Downlink
150 Mbit/s
1 Gbit/s
Tc Uplink
75 Mbit/s
500 Mbit/s
Bng
thng
20 MHz
100 MHz
Downlink
Bng
thng
20 MHz
40 MHz
Uplink
Tnh di ng
- Hot ng ti u vi tc - Tng t nh
thp (< 15 km/hr)
LTE
- Vn hot ng tt tc
n 120 km/hr
- Vn duy tr hot ng
tc n 350 km/hr
Vng ph sng
- Ln n 5 Km
- Tng t nh
yu cu ca LTE
Dung lng
- Cell vi 200 ngi dng - Gp 03 ln
hot ng trong 5 MHz
LTE

CHNG 2
K THUT CHUYN TIP
2.1. GII THIU TNG QUAN
Nguyn l ca k thut chuyn tip l vic s dng nt
chuyn tip (Relay node) nhn v truyn d liu gia eNodeB v
thit b ngi dng UE thng qua vic truyn dn qua nhiu chng.

Hnh 2.1 Minh ha k thut chuyn tip

Cc u im ca vic s dng nt chuyn tip:
- M rng vng ph sng ca eNodeB
- Cung cp tc d liu cao, c bit ti khu vc ra cell
- Nng cao cht lng h thng
- Ti u c tiu th cng sut ca h thng
- Gi thnh thit b thp hn eNodeB
- Nh gn, d dng lp t.
2.2. CC LOI NT CHUYN TIP
Hai loi nt chuyn tip: loi 1 v loi 2.
Mt nt chuyn tip loi 1 c th gip mt UE xa, nm
ngoi vng ph ca eNodeB, truy nhp n eNodeB. Mc tiu chnh
ca n l m rng vng ph tn hiu v dch v.

10
Mt nt chuyn tip loi 2 c th gip mt UE ni ht,
nm trong vng ph ca eNodeB v c tuyn thng tin trc tip n
eNodeB, ci thin c cht lng dch v v dung lng tuyn
truyn dn ca n. Mc tiu chnh ca n l gia tng ton b dung
lng h thng bng vic to ra phn tp a ng v li truyn
dn cho cc UE ni ht.
2.3. CC CHIN LC CHUYN TIP

Hnh 2.5 Chuyn tip 1 chiu

Hnh 2.6 Chuyn tip 2 chiu

2.4. CC C CH TRUYN DN CHUYN TIP
2.4.1. Khuch i v chuyn tip (AF: Amplify and Forward)
u tin, nt chuyn tip nhn tn hiu t eNodeB (hay UE).
Sau n khuch i tn hiu thu ny v chuyn tip n n UE (hay
eNodeB).

11
2.4.2. Gii m ha v chuyn tip (DF: Decode and Forward)
u tin, nt chuyn tip gii m ha tn hiu thu c t
eNodeB (hay UE). Sau nu d liu c gii m ng, nt
chuyn tip s thc hin m ha knh v chuyn tip tn hiu mi
n UE (hay eNodeB).
2.5. H THNG PHI HP
H thng phi hp c 01 nt ngun phn pht 01 bn tin n
mt s nt chuyn tip. Cc nt ny gi li tn hiu c x l
n nt ch. Nt ch kt hp v s dng phn tp tn hiu thu c
t cc nt chuyn tip v t nt ngun nhn c tn hiu thu.

Hnh 2.7 H thng phi hp vi 02 nt chuyn tip

2.6. CC C CH BT CP CHO VIC LA CHN
CHUYN TIP
Trong mt mng vi nhiu nt chuyn tip v nhiu UE hin
din, mt iu quan trng l la chn mt nt chuyn tip bt cp
vi mt UE t c u ra tt nht. C 02 kiu c ch bt cp:
2.6.1. C ch bt cp tp trung
2.6.2. C ch bt cp phn phi

12

CHNG 3
PHN TCH C TNH H THNG PHI HP
3.1. GII THIU
Thng tin phi hp cung cp phn tp khng gian chng
li fading trong v tuyn. Trong thng tin phi hp, tn hiu thu l s
kt hp ca tn hiu pht t nt ngun v t cc nt chuyn tip.
3.2. H THNG PHI HP VI NT CHUYN TIP AF
3.2.1. M hnh h thng
Xem xt mt h thng thng tin phi hp bao gm mt knh
trc tip v N knh hai chng vi cc nt chuyn tip AF.
u tin, thit b ngun pht tn hiu x. Tn hiu thu ti nt
chuyn tip th i v ti ch tng ng l:
y SRi = hSRi x + n SRi

(3.1)

y SD = hSD x + n SD

y hSRi v hSD

(3.2)
tng ng l li knh gia ngun v nt chuyn

tip th i v li knh gia ngun v ch.

K tip, nt chuyn tip th i khuch i tn hiu thu c
ca n v chuyn tip n ch thng qua knh hRi D . u cui ch
nhn tn hiu trn truyn dn chuyn tip theo biu thc:
y R D = Gi hR D y SR + n R D
i

(3.3)

y hR D l li knh gia nt chuyn tip th i v ch. li

i

nt chuyn tip th i l

G i = E s / E s h SR i

+ N 0 ,

y E s l nng

lng symbol trung bnh.

S dng kt hp t s cc i (MRC) ti ch, SNR end-toend tc thi c th c vit:

13
SR R D
i =1 1 + SR + R D
N

D = SD +

(3.4)

y SR = hSR E s / N 0 v R D = hR D E s / N 0 tng ng l SNR

2

tc thi ca cc chng

S Ri

Ri D

v SD = hSD 2 E s / N 0 biu th

SNR tc thi ca tuyn S D .

3.2.2. PDF v CDF cho SNR gii hn trn
3.2.2.1. Trng hp khng c chn la nt chuyn tip
3.2.2.2. Trng hp chn la nt chuyn tip tt nht
3.2.3. Phn tch c tnh h thng
3.2.3.1. li SNR end-to-end trung bnh
GainSNR =

N
2
1
1
+

3 n =1 2n

(3.28)

3.2.3.2. T l li symbol trung bnh

SER = SER ( ) f up ( )d

(3.33)

Tn hiu nh phn
n 1
N

N ( 1) 0
SER =
L1 2n 2nL1 ( 0 )
(

)
1
2
n
n

n =1

(3.36)

y biu thc cho L1 (.) c cho bi:

L1 (c ) =

/2

sin 2
1
c

2
d = 1
2
1 + c
sin + c

(3.37)

0 = SD = E s / N 0

Tn hiu M-PSK
n 1

N ( 1)
SER =
L2 0 sin 2
M
n =1 n (1 2n )
2n
N

2
2nL2 0 sin

y biu thc cho L2 (.) c cho bi:

(3.39)

14
L2 (c ) =

sin 2
2
d
sin + c

( M 1) / M

(3.40)

c M
M 1

=
1
1 + c (M 1)
M

+ tan 1
cot
1
+
c
M
2

Tn hiu M-QAM

1 0.75 0
1.5 0
2nL1
L1

n
(
M
1
)
M
1
N
M

(3.42)
N ( 1)
SER = 4

2
n =1 n (1 2 n )
1 0.75 0
1.5 0
1 M L3 n(M 1) 2nL3 M 1

n 1

y L1 (.) c nh ngha trong (3.37) v L3 (.) c cho bi:

L3 (c ) =
=

/4

sin 2
2
d
sin + c

(3.43)

1 + c
1
c 4
1

tan
1
4
1 + c
c

3.3. H THNG PHI HP VI NT CHUYN TIP DF

3.3.1. M hnh h thng
Tn hiu thu y s , d v y s , r tng ng ti ch v ti nt
chuyn tip c th c vit:
y s , d = P1 hs , d x + s , d

(3.44)

y s , r = P1 hs , r x + s , r

(3.45)

y P1 l cng sut pht ca ngun. Tn hiu thu ti ch lc ny:

yr, d =

~
P2 hr , d x + r , d

(3.46)

y P~2 = P2 nu nt chuyn tip gii m ng symbol pht, nu

khng th P~2 = 0 .

15
3.3.2. Phn tch SER
iu ch M-PSK
bPSK P1 s2, d bPSK P1 s2, r
F1 1 +

PPSK = F1 1 +
2
2

N
sin
N
sin
0
0

2
2
bPSK P1 s , d bPSK P2 r , d
1 +

+ F1 1 +
2
2

N
sin
N
sin
0
0

bPSK P1 s2, r
1 F1 1 +

N 0 sin 2

(3.53)

y:
F1 ( x( )) =

bPSK

( M 1) / M

d
x( )

= sin 2 ( / M )

(3.54)

s2, d , s2, r v r2, d ln lt l phng sai ca hs , d , hs , r v hr , d .

iu ch M-QAM
bQAM P1 s2, d bQAM P1 s2, r
F 1 +

PQAM = F2 1 +
2 N 0 sin 2 2 2 N 0 sin 2

2
2
bQAM P1 s , d bQAM P2 r , d
1 +

+ F2 1 +
2

2 N 0 sin 2
2
N
sin

(3.55)

bQAM P1 s2, r

1 F2 1 +
2 N 0 sin 2

y:
F2 (x( )) =

4K

/2

x( )

bQAM = 3 / (M 1) ;

4K 2

K = 1

/4

1
M

1
d
x( )

(3.56)

16

CHNG 4
PHN TCH VNG PH SNG V TIU TH CNG
SUT TRONG K THUT CHUYN TIP
4.1. PHN TCH VNG PH SNG
4.1.1. Tc truyn dn cho c ch chuyn tip DF
4.1.2. M rng di vng ph trong cc h thng t bo
Xem xt mt cell gc c biu th l mt hnh trn v cc
trm chuyn tip c t ng u bao quanh BS. Bn knh cell cc
i t c bi BS v cc trm chuyn tip t ng u bao quanh
n gi l di vng ph rcov .

Hnh 4.2 V d v tng vng ph bng 8 trm chuyn tip

Bn knh r0 l di vng ph ch ca BS. Din tch ca hnh
trn cc i c nh ngha bi bn knh r2 l di vng ph mi

rcov cho h thng gm BS v cc trm chuyn tip. Trong hnh 4.2,

gc quyt nh kch c ca sector hnh trn c hnh thnh bi

mt trm chuyn tip c xem l gc vng ph cov .
4.1.3. Phn tch di vng ph trong h thng chuyn tip
4.1.3.1. Xp x lc quan cho di vng ph

u tin xem xt mt user bin A c m t nh hnh 4.3.

Khong cch ca n n BS v RS l bng nhau.

17

Hnh 4.3 Xp x lc quan cho di vng ph ( 60 o )

Gi s rng din tch vng ph ca RS bng vi BS, ta biu
th bn knh ca chng l a . Cho mt gc vng ph > 60 o , di
vng ph cc i t c khi im T trn gc , tng ng l

a / sin( / 2) . V cho gc vng ph 60 o , di vng ph cc i

bng khong cch t BS n A qua im ct A ca hai hnh trn.

Hnh 4.4 Xp x lc quan cho di vng ph ( < 60 o )

V vy biu thc di vng ph theo gc vng ph vi xp x
lc quan c cho nh sau:
rcov

a + 2a cos , if < 60 o

=
a
if 60 o
sin ( / 2 ) ,

(4.11)

4.1.3.2. Xp x bi quan cho di vng ph

Khng phi tt c cc user bin u nhn tn hiu c
mnh nh nhau t BS v RS.

18

Hnh 4.5 Xp x bi quan cho di vng ph

Nh m t trong hnh 4.5, user bin B nm cch xa BS rt
nhiu so vi RS. Chng ta biu th bn knh din tch vng ph ca
BS l a1 v bn knh din tch vng ph ca RS l a 2 nh trong
hnh 4.5. Lc ny biu thc di vng ph theo gc vng ph l:
rcov

[(

y: 1 = 2 arcsin

a1 + 2a 2 cos , if < 1

a2
=
,
if 1 < 2
sin ( / 2)

if 2
a1 ,

) ],

p2 + 8 p / 4

(4.13)

2 = 2 arcsin(1 / p )

v: cos = cos( / 2) 1 p 2 sin 2 ( / 2) p sin 2 ( / 2) vi p = a1 / a 2 .

4.2. PHN TCH S TIU TH CNG SUT
Gi s fading v shadowing khng tn ti trong knh truyn
v tuyn. Lc ny cng sut tiu th c nh ngha nh sau:
Pdtx = + r n

(4.14)

y: l cng sut tiu th ti my pht, my thu v qu trnh x

l tn hiu, r n l tn hao ng truyn. r l khong cch gia MS
v BS. Cng sut tiu th ton b l:
(4.15)
Prel = PBS RS + PRS MS

19
Khi BS, MS v RS trn cng mt ng thng, tiu th
cng sut l nh nht bi v lc ny khong cch gia mi nt l
ngn nht. Mt khc, khi RS t ti im giao nhau gia hai vng
ph, tiu th cng sut l ln nht.

Hnh 4.6 V tr ca RS trong truyn dn chuyn tip

Xem MS, RS v BS c t tng ng ti (r , 0) , (x, h ) , v
(0, 0) . Cng sut tiu th nh nht v ln nht c m t nh sau:
n
(4.16)
Prel min = ( + x n ) + + (r x )

) (

Prel max = + R0n + + r0n

(4.17)

Cng sut tiu th trung bnh c tnh bng cch ly tch

phn tiu th cng sut trn vng chuyn tip A v B nh trn hnh:
(4.18)
Prelavg = PBS RS + PRS MS dhdx
A+ B

y: PBS RS = + x 2 + h 2
v

PRS MS = +

(r x )2 + h 2

(4.19)
n

(4.20)

20

CHNG 5
CC KT QU M PHNG BNG MATLAB
5.1. GII THIU CHUNG
5.1.1. S m phng v nh gi s ci thin cht lng trong
h thng phi hp

Hnh 5.2 S m phng vi nhiu nt chuyn tip

21
5.1.2. Lu gii thut m phng v nh gi s ci thin cng
sut tiu th khi s dng nt chuyn tip
Bt u

n nh cc tham s u vo
(Mc thu, Khong cch c nh gia
eNodeB v UE: d, h s tn hao ng
truyn: n)

n nh khong cch ban

u t RN n eNodeB:
dr = 0

Tnh tng cng sut tiu th = Cng

sut (t eNodeB n RN) + Cng
sut (t RN n UE)

Tnh tng cng sut tiu th cho

ng truyn trc tip

dr ++ <= d

V th cho
2 trng hp

Kt thc

Hnh 5.3 Lu gii thut trong trng hp nt chuyn tip di

chuyn gia eNodeB v UE, khong cch gia eNodeB v UE c
nh.

22

Hnh 5.4 Lu gii thut trong trng hp nt chuyn tip ng

yn, khong cch gia eNodeB v UE thay i.

5.2. CC KT QU M PHNG
5.2.1. Kt qu m phng s ci thin cht lng trong h thng
phi hp

23
5.2.1.1. iu ch BPSK

Hnh 5.9 S ci thin SER dng 10 nt chuyn tip

5.2.1.2. iu ch QPSK

Hnh 5.14 S ci thin SER dng 10 nt chuyn tip

24
5.2.1.3. Nhn xt v nh gi kt qu
M phng c thc hin vi ngun vo l 1 triu bit
ngu nhin, iu ch pha v loi nt chuyn tip AF.

T cc kt qu m phng t c cho thy:

- S dng k thut chuyn tip gip nng cao c cht
lng h thng thng tin. iu ny th hin kh r
thng qua kt qu m phng so snh t s SER.
- Cht lng h thng cng c ci thin khi gia tng
s lng nt chuyn tip. Tuy nhin, khi s lng nt
chuyn tip ln (10 nt tr ln) th SER gim rt
t, khng ng k.

5.2.2. Kt qu m phng s ci thin cng sut tiu th

5.2.2.1. Trng hp nt chuyn tip di chuyn gia eNodeB v
UE, khong cch gia eNodeB v UE c nh.

Hnh 5.16 S ci thin cng sut tiu th khi s dng 01 nt chuyn

tip vi n = 4 (chm mu l v tr cho cng sut tiu th b nht).

25
5.2.2.2. Trng hp nt chuyn tip ng yn, khong cch gia
UE v eNodeB thay i.

Hnh 5.20 S ci thin cng sut tiu th khi s dng 02 nt chuyn

tip (n = 4).
5.2.2.3. Nhn xt v nh gi kt qu

S dng k thut chuyn tip gip gim c tng

cng sut tiu th. iu ny th hin kh r qua kt
qu m phng.

Khi nt chuyn t v tr chnh gia cch u

eNodeB v UE th cng sut tiu th l thp nht.

Tng cng sut tiu th ca h thng cng gim khi

gia tng s lng nt chuyn tip.

26

KT LUN V KIN NGH

Cht lng lun l mt ch tiu c quan tm hng u
trong thng tin di ng. H thng thng tin di ng 4G l h thng
tch hp tt c cc dch v, cung cp bng thng rng, dung lng
ln, truyn dn d liu tc cao, nn i hi ch tiu cht lng
phi cng kht khe hn na. K thut chuyn tip gip nng cao
c cht lng h thng gii quyt c i hi kht khe ny
ca h thng 4G.
Trong thng tin di ng, cc user khu vc ra cell thng
thu tn hiu vi SNR rt thp v xa trm gc. H thng 4G li yu cu
truyn d liu tc cao nn nhng user ra cell s khng p ng
c tc theo yu cu . S dng k thut chuyn tip m
rng vng ph sng khu vc ra cell, gip cc user khu vc ra
cell vn m bo c tc truyn d liu cao ng nh yu cu
ca h thng 4G.
H thng 4G truyn ti d liu tc cao nn tiu tn nhiu
nng lng ca trm gc cng nh ca thit b ngi dng hn so
vi cc h thng th h trc. S dng k thut chuyn tip gip ci
thin c cng sut tiu th nn tit kim c nng lng, lm
tng thi gian sng ca trm gc v ca thit b ngi dng trong h
thng 4G.
Trong khun kh lun vn ch nghin cu tng quan nhng
vn trn. Trong tng lai, k thut chuyn tip cn c xem xt
nghin cu mc su hn trong cc vn v x l tn hiu nh
chuyn giao, iu khin cng sut trong chuyn tip, cc vn v
quy hoch v tr nt chuyn tip t c hiu sut ti u nht cho
h thng.