§6. Tich phan céc ham phan thie hitu ti - Trin Phuong §6. TICH PHAN CAC HAM PHAN THUC HOU Ti 1. CAC BINH NGHIA 1. Phin thire x v6i P(x), Q(x) 1a cdc da thire véi cdc hé sé thye x , vGi degP(x) < degQ(x) 2. Phan thire thye sy: 1a phan thife hitu ti ee x 3. Phin thite don gin: La cdc phan thie c6 | trong 4 dang sau: 4 A BetC___BX*C (4g? 4g. c0;keN) xa "G- ay + pxtq “(Ce + px+q) 4. Dinh ly téng quit vé phan tich da thite: Moi da thire Q(x) #0 voi hé sé thye déu c6 duy nhat mét cdch phan tich thanh cde nhan tir (khdng tinh theo thir ty sip xép cdc nhan ttt) gdm cde nhi thite bac nhat hode cae tam thire bac hai véi biét thite 4 <0, tite [a ta c6: Ox) = A(x ay)" n(x ay)? (x? + ppxt ay)! 37 Py X +O)” trong dé: A #0; a), ..., ay la cde nghiém thye phan biét cba O(x); va pa qi la cée sé thyre thod man A, = p? — 4g, <0; deg =r, +..4% + 2(s) +..+5,, I, PHUONG PHAP TINH TICH PHAN HAM HOU Ti 1, Dat vin dé: eps ce ma 5 de Wi PO), Ofs) 1 cde da thie voi he s6 thy. Néu degP”(x) > degQ(x) thi thye hign phép chia da thite ta 06: Pd) Pw) P(e) PO) op legP + (x-ay fet gg Ate x4, x~a, 2.3. O(x) =(x=4))...(-4,,)(x? + pet q)(x = a41)--(2- 4, ):(p? - 49 <0) PG) __A Any Bx+C OG) =a Xo, e 4petg ¥—Gn x4, 2.4. Ox) =(x=a))..(¥=4,,)(x? + prt g)’ (x-a,,)..(x-a,);(p? = 4q<0) , [| Be+s ~G1 x=4, Sir dung phuong phap hé sé bat dinh, hoge phurong phap gan cdc gid tr] dae bigt, 1a st xde dinh duge cde gid tri Ai, B,C, 74§6. Tich phan céc ham phan thirc hitu ti - Tran Phicong ill, CAC DANG TICH PHAN THUONG GAP 1 Dang 4: C0) = (x 4))--(%A.4)(8—4))(%—Aier)o(8 ay) 1.1. Cac bai tap m&u minh hoa: Cach 1: Phuong phap hé sé bat dinh: Q(x) =x? +x? — 2x =x(x — 1)(x +2) P(x) _ 2x’ -5x 3_A, B Cc Olx) xP 4x? -2 vx Gia sir En 2x x x-] x+2 > 2x? —5x—-3 = A(x—1)(x + 2)+ Bx(x +2) + Cx(x-1),Vx (*) <> 2x? -5x-3=(A+B+C)x? +(A+2B-C)x-2A, Vx 2A=3 @ JA+2B-C=-S5@ [A+B+ Cach 2: Phuong phap gan cdc gid tri dic biét Thay x = 0 vio (*) suy ra: 2A =3 => A =3/2 ‘Vhay x = I vio (*) suy ra: 3B = —6=> B= ~2 Thay x = -2 vao (*) suy ra: 6C = 15 > C= 5/2 =5x- dx pdx Spd Pree a tas es = 3 infs|-21n)x -1]+2tn|x -2}+e a * ~ 5x? + 4=(x-D)(x+ D(x -2)(x+ 2) pete . Lf 3 O(x)= P(x) x42 A B c D ett stor Ox) xe] ~Sx' +4 x-1 x-2 x42? 0 42=A(x? —4)(x +1) +B(x? =I) (x+2)+C(x? -4)(x-) + D(x? =1) (x2), Vx (*) Thay x = 1 vao (*) thi -6A =3 <> A=-1/2 Gia str Thay x = 2 vao (*) thi 12B = 10 @ B= 5/6 I vao (*) thi 6C= 1 C=1/6 Thay x = Thay x = -2 vao (*) thi -12D =-6 > D=1/2 15Sry Chuwong I: Céc kt thugt tinh tich phan ~ Tran Phicong x +2 1p dx aos x4 —5x? 44 2?x-1 + 6O/x-2 6x4] 24x42 = -Ain|x=1]42in|x-2]+Lin x +1]+tinfx + 2|+e 2 6 ¥ 28 BEI pe: O(s)ax x? 4x da (44 Doxa) xT +x -dx-4 P(x) __ 2x? -8x+10 A B c Gia str vx OG) 4x? -dx-4 xt] x x42" > 2x? =8x +10 = A(x? 4) + B(x + I(x +2) + C(x +1) (x2), Vx (*) Thay x = -1 vao (*) thi 20 = -3A => A =-20/3 Thay x = 2 vio (*) thi 2= 12B > B= 1/6 Thay x = ~2 vao (*) thi 34 =4C > C= 172 20 pdx 1p dx Cet rigs! 20 = inf +14 bins —2]+ in| + 2]+0 : 6 es +10 PY(x) |, Sx? 6x41 1, PG) QQ) "xP =5x7 46x” Q(X) O(n) =x? ~ 5x7 + 6x= x(e-2)(x-3) P(x) °-6x4+1 A O(x) x 5x? 46x Gia su as x-2 <> 5x? ~ 6x +1 = A(x ~2)(x -3) + Bx (x -3)+Cx(x—2), Vx (*) Thay x = 0 vao (*) thi 1 =6A <> A= 1/6 Thay x = 2 vao (*) thi 9 = -2B ¢ B=-9/2 Thay x = 3 vao (*) thi 28 = 3C <> C = 28/3 x41 1 pdx 97 dx | 28 1, = [ate = fax bf 9 (Oo 28 Da pesirare glace mea) se =x+2hfy 6 In}x ~ js Binjx sre 1.2. Cac bai tap danh cho ban doc ty gial:§6. Tich phan céc him phan thitc hitu ti - Trén Phuong (x =a.) (x=a,,,)..(x-a,) 2. Dang 2: Q(x) =(x~a,)...(x- 2.1. Cac bai tép mau minh hga: G1 x 3x42) <> 3x7 43x43 = A(x +2)4+B(x -D(x +2)+C(x-1) , Wx (*) Thay x = 1 vao (*) thi 3A=9 => A=3 Thay x = —2 vao (*) thi9C=9 > C=1 Thay x = 0 vao (*) thi3 =2A -2B+C>B=2 BxP43RH3 GL a dx dx x -3x4+2 x-l ¢x+2 = valle ans x-l | (x? -4e43)" ei (4x + de i Q(x) =(x? ~ 4x43)" = (2-1) (x= 3 P(x) 4x44 A, B yoy D Ve OWN) (2 aya gh XT (e-P 8-3 (x= 3)?* Gia sir 4x +4=(A+C)x° +(-7A+B-SC+D)x? + +(1SA -6B+7C ~2D)x +(-9A +9B-3C+D), vx (*) {A+C=0 A=3 -TA+B-5C+D=0 B=2 ° ISA -6B+7C -2D=4 C=-3 -9A +9B-3C+D=4 D=4 7rr Chuwong I: Céc kt thugt tinh tich phan - Trin Phuong nef ax+4 (2 -4x 43) ( =| 3Infx -1|- \ dx (x4 D(x 2 (x +3)" L A B c D E — +S? Cee D427 (x43) X41 (xe 2 2) (ee 3)? (v4 3)? es 1s A(x +2)? (x 43) + BOK + D(x +3) + C(x + D (K+ 2x 43) + 4D(x + 1x42)? HECK + D(X +2)" (x +3) + F(x + DO +2)? (x +3) Lan lot thay » 2, x = ~3 vao (*) suy ra: A= 8 Sau d6 dong nhat cde hé sd ting véi cde ly thira x°, x", x° ta ed: (ae C+F=0 (c=2 I3A+B+12C+E+1IF=0 om |o7A+10B+50C+D+8E+47F=0 (F=-17/8 1 inxti]+—t + 2in|x+ 2+. x#2 4 (x43) 17 9x2 450x468 1, |(x+I(x +2)" —Infx +3] +¢=—————— Ree 3) 8 A(x+2)(x43" 8 | (x+3) 2.2. Cac bai tap danh cho ban doc ty giai: _ potose ent rae jor ; x -5x? , (x43) +6)dx -2x 41)§6. Tich phan céc ham phén thite hitu ti - Trin Phuong 3. Dang 3: Q(x) = (x ~ a))...(% — a) +x +9) AX — Ay); (P? -4q <0) 3.1. Cac bai tap mau minh hea: _ (oe Dade On)=xt tx esa(e 41) - PQ) xt +d K+ B OW) eer el vexed Gia st 12 (Ax + B)(x? —x +1) + (Cx + Dx? +x 41), Vx. > x? +1=(A+C)x? +(-A+B+C+D)x? +(A-B+C+D)x+B+D, Vx | A+C=0 {A+C=0 | -A+B+C+ C+D=1/2 ° 2 2 1 A-B+C+D=0 D-B=0 B= B+D=1 [B+D=1 Ole) =x' + a(x? +) = 22? = (x? - x2 + De? + xV2 +1) P(x) ae Ax+B Cx+D Gia sr OG) xt) x txN24) x? -xV2 41 79Chwong I: Céc ki thugt tinh tich phan — Trin Phuong = (Ax +B)(x? —xV2e1)+(Cx + D)(x? + xv2 +1), vx =(A+C)x) +(-AV2+B+CV2+D)x? + +(a-By2+C+Dy2)x+(B+D), vx A+C=0 A=—V2/2 ~AV2+B+CV2+D=1 |B=-1/2 A-By2 +C+Dy2 =0 ° c=y2/2 B+D=-1 D=-1/2 1 1 Bj 2x de [22 dx eee Bai® gx txv2+1 1 : : V2 +I]-Infx? + x02 +} = gfe a2 Big(s-23) 4 be exv2ei, 4 Ta cd: O(x)=x(x? + /)=x(x4+ D(x? - x42) Gia sir 2 JA, BY r+ D We OG) ee ee > 1=A(x) +1) 4+ Bx (x? — x +1)4+(Cx+D)x(x 41), Vx (4) Thay x = 0 vio (*) thi A = 1 Thay x = -1 vao (*) thi | = -3B => B =-1/3 Déng nhat hé sé ctia x9 va x? & hai vé ta cé: A+B+C=0 — (C=-A-B=-2/3 D=B-C=1/3 ° -B+C+D=0 ( . i Infsj—Links-+t—Links?-x+) =21n4 oe 3 80Phurouy vA xe Ma? +4) By + Dy teed cont ext at 2eA(xt ey? +14 (Bx + C(x DO? +x + D+ +(Dx + E(x DC ‘Thay x = I vio (4) thi 6 =3A = A= xt). vx) Dong nhat cdc hé sé 2 vé ctia (*) ta cd: A+B+D B+D=1 C+E-2D=0 2D=1e>{C+2E~2D=1 <> 1 -B-D+2E=1 C+E=0 22x? -x4l xe 1 xox] 8Chuoug I: Cac ki thugt tinh tich phan ~ Tran Phicong 4. Dang 4: Ox) =(x - ay)... ~—a)G? +px ty"... — ay); (p? -4q <<) 4.1. Phuong phap: Xét dai 2 J, = fs flcosa)?"™* dar cosa ym 2m—t [a?(1+tg?a)]” * Dén day ching ta cé thé tinh tiép theo ki thuat tich phan ham lugng gide. Céch 2: Phuong phap tich phan ting phan dt a’ “(v 4a?) (P +a?)§6. Tich phan céc him phan thitc hitu ti —Trdn Phuong Day 14 hé thtre truy hdi dé c6 thé tinh duge Jy. | 4.2, Cac bai t§p m4u minh hoa: | noe 2x? +18 de Bete Dx+E (x? 6x13) (x? -6x413) 6x4 13" 18 = (Bx +C)+(Dx + E)(x? ~ 6x +13), ¥x (*) © 2x? +18= Dx’ +(-6D+E)x’ +(B+13D-6E)x +(C+13E), vx (D=0 B=12 | -OD+E=2 C=-8 | & B+13D-6E=0 |D=0 leeneets E=2 12x-8)dx_ j_ AeA dr, 2d x? -6x+13) 7X ~6x+13 4 (ax? +18)dx i(x? -6x-+13)° | s =6f xO (2x -6) dx =+28{-—& +f | i(xt-6x403) i [(x- a ix= ¥ +4 83Ge DOE +) P(x) Gia sie — Or OO) 2)+(Dx +E)(x -2)(x? +1) vs 2 2n? 4 2N 413 =(A4D) x1 4(-2D +E) x3 +244 B+ D~2E) x? +(-2B+C-2D+E)x+(A-2C-2E) , vx A+D=0 | 2DFE=0 2/24 +B+D- 2E | 2B+C-2D+1 i A~2C ~21ea 3x+4 2: 3Ox-2)68 41) §¥=2 FGF 4? 4 pcx x-2 3G24) 25 Rie s(x? 41) ‘dx 1 ‘ear G 4 “ 3 Infx-2|-—2— }, - ( Ca ev), 2xdx -af dx 1 pxds of ax 7 {x42 gle +1 “ In(x? +1) ates §6. Tich phan cdc ham phan thitc hitu ti —Tran Phuong bs din 0 2 saretgd + 2aretg3 - 4 | 20:17 «340 3x 241) - Dat x=tga => dx=d( _ cosa ot da/cos* a _““F* da/cos? a anigs (tg?01 +1) ~o( 1 y cos? & arcs yee ces a J cos? ada = J (1+0052a) do =—| 7a +sin20] aretg3: 2 exes 2 larctg3 tg(arctg3) 2 1+ tg? (arctg4) =f arcty4 —arctg3 +42 3(onte arctg3 +4 *) 4 [orto eee) 4 ose 1+tg? (arctg3) } 10 1, 40. 21 ‘ax In + = — 2aretgd + 2aretg3 — 4 eel iee40 fap = Fin + 2h targa + arty - o{acies- arorgh + 5 3) 1, 40 65 =o ln 4+ — 4(arcigd — act Fin + SS (aretgd—aretg3) 85nn Chicong I: Cac ki thugt tink tich phan —Trén Phuong Te eee + 2 nxt + dx? + 7x? + 6x +2 (x? 42x42) Tacé: a —Lrr—— 4x+] ; eG) (x? + 2x42) (x? +2042) Vas 3 2 1 > Ly= fee ie aye =e la 6 (x? 42x42) Lx? 42x42)" ‘ AG +1)-3 / tdt 4 at «fe FAO sea af sf 8 doen es ile +1) ped sf dt dt 24 dt =1-2 yalt ==4 Pay i(eay Ph Tea § ie + Xét M = a . Dat £= tga = dt =d (tga) =F ie OF CG arc? at, doy _*P da/cos? a ea dean d (J cos” a (a+tsin 2a) 2 acy? e any _ ada =3 F (1+ cos20) da aa ws =j[s i) Me 1+ tg? (aretg2) Iya 3 eo (sciea 7-5) = 2 5 5.2 4 10 4.3. Cac bai tap danh cho ban doc ty gial: 2x? +5x—-7 ‘ (4x -3)dx dx eer sem ae lar a(x +1)(x? -3x 45) x(x +x? +1) xs Ly a(xt-x+1)°