Justice Peckham, Justice Brewer, Justice Shiras, Justice Harlan, Chief Justice Fuller, Justice White, Justice Gray,

Justice McKenna, Justice Brown

Rufus Wheeler Peckham(November 8, 1838 October 24, 1909) was an Associate Justice of
the Supreme Court of the United States from 1895 until 1909. He was known for his strong use of
substantive due process to invalidate regulations of business and property. Peckham's namesake
father was also a lawyer and judge, and a congressman.
Beyond Lochner, Peckham is perhaps best known for his expansive interpretation of the
Sherman antitrust law, which he saw as protecting sturdy small businessmen against unfair
corporate competition. His opinions on civil rights for African Americans are remarkable only for
the abandonment of his usual antistatic in voting to uphold Jim Crow laws - the most notable
being Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), in which he silently joined the majority.
David Josiah Brewer(June 20, 1837 March 28, 1910) was an American jurist and an Associate
Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court for 20 years.
Due to the unexpected death of his daughter, Brewer left for his Leavenworth home on the day
that Plessy v. Ferguson was argued before the Court, and did not participate in that decision.

George Shiras, Jr.(January 26, 1832 August 2, 1924) was an Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States who was nominated to the Court by Republican President
Benjamin Harrison. At that time, he had 37 years of private legal practice, but had never judged a
case.
Shiras was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania January 26, 1832. He graduated from Yale College,
Phi Beta Kappa, in 1853. He began law school at Yale, but left before earning a law degree. He
finished his training at a law office, then practiced law in Dubuque, Iowa from 1855 to 1858, and
in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1858 to 1892.

John Marshall Harlan(June 1, 1833 October 14, 1911) was a Kentucky lawyer and politician
who served as an associate justice on the Supreme Court. He is most notable as the lone
dissenter in the infamous Civil Rights Cases (1883), and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which,
respectively, struck down as unconstitutional federal anti-discrimination legislation and upheld
Southern segregation statutes.
Bekannt wurde er vor allem durch die kontroverse Entscheidung des Gerichtshofs im Mai 1896
im Fall Plessy v. Ferguson, mit welcher der Oberste Gerichtshof die Gesetzgebung zur
Rassentrennung in den Sdstaaten fr verfassungsmig erklrte. Harlan, selbst ein ehemaliger
Sklavenhalter, lehnte die 7-zu-1-Entscheidung als einziger Richter ab. In seiner
Minderheitsmeinung sagte er voraus, dass das Urteil als Schande in die Geschichte des Gerichts
eingehen wrde.
Melville Weston Fuller (February 11, 1833 July 4, 1910) was the Chief Justice of the United
States between 1888 and 1910.
The famous phrase "Equal Justice Under Law" apparently paraphrases his opinion in Caldwell v.
Texas, 137 U.S. 692 (1891) where Fuller discussed "equal and impartial justice under the law."
The equally famous (and much criticized) phrase "separate but equal," justifying segregation in
the South, was made famous by the Fuller Court case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).

Edward Douglass White, Jr. (November 3, 1845 May 19, 1921), American politcan and jurist,
was a United States senator,Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and the ninth
Chief Justice of the United States. He was best known for formulating the Rule of Reason
standard of antitrust law. He also sided with the Supreme Court majority in the 1896 decision of
Plessy v. Ferguson, which upheld the legality of segregation in the United States, though he did
write for a unanimous court in Guinn v. United States (1915), which struck down many Southern
states' grandfather clauses that disenfranchised blacks.
Edward Douglass White (*3. November 1845 im Lafourche Parish, Louisiana; 19. Mai 1921 in
Washington D.C.) war ein amerikanischer Politiker (Demokratische Partei) und von 1910 bis zu
seinem Tod Richter am Obersten Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten.
Horace Gray (March 24, 1828 September 15, 1902) was an American jurist who ultimately
served on the United States Supreme Court. He was an active in public service and a great
philanthropist to the City of Boston.
Horace Gray sided with the majority in the infamous case Plessy v. Ferguson that upheld racial
segregation.

Henry Billings Brown(March 2, 1836 September 4, 1913) was an associate justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States from January 5, 1891 to May 28, 1906. He was the author of
the opinion for the Court in Plessy v. Ferguson, a decision that upheld the legality of racial
segregation in public transportation.