You are on page 1of 101



     



           
  
  
 
           

 !!

"#$%& !!

#'#'$$#'$#(' 

')##*##$+,'
',''#'-''.
" '/''01& (2
3 #4&56!&#&01&7
#5 85!9!715 8554
7$.':# 3'& (2
 38 &!;!!&#2##&01&7
#55<55896
$.'*.=-%$.''
,#'2##' &59<9!&(#=%##&'01
>4<!+644+!;<+
$.'01?01

           
  
  
 
           



@
 5
'
 8
 '
 
(
 <
(

'
 5

 4
 -
 ;
,
 ;6
%
9
 
 95

 94
 
 5
(
 56
:
54
'0'
 6
'
 65
-
 68
,
 <
2
 <6
2
 <8
2'
89
20'
 88
2
 84
2
 4
2'0'
 49
2'
 4<

;

           
  
  
 
           



9

           
  
  
 
           



ABC.D/0#$.E#$.#'.F'/#
F#$3#####'&#%'$''#
-C3G'D:0'$='E&.'(# $#>%$'
',#'$%'/-C$-C'B##&1#'.B#$--'
'##'-#F.$.'-C3''
.C#&#'C#$&.'$F.3#('#-C.'
G',C'&$-$'''F,'/.BC$#',
2#%#G''#$%'#%#'.#&#3(#-&'
,$$''0##3'#'#'''@'&
-CFH#'/'/'-G$.#&G#'B&'$.
#'&# =3#,%$='.'$,&.&#
#.# /+'&.'(#&$-''.'H'
.#&&D$#E&$='3.$0$='/#'$=',
'.3/0-&'$.C.#$'.&'$$#.3G#
'#B' B##$''$3''.1$#'
%'G'.##,3#('#-$//#'F
#&A#&#F'.#,%(#&I,J&#.#%&D:0E&',#,,'&
#&G#$F#F2$'#'$.%&,.'
3#('&/$'' .#&D$='''E& #$'B
23&G'F'C$'$F#,'&./C3'&3K
'#-C&/3/,##-..,C''&G'
/.###$#'F'&D/'E&G,/'.'##3.#'
#'&'$C&''/K#,'G/##/D:0#--'.
'#$E&/$G/$,#-'- 
    
' # '3& - ') /#,'' $' 0#''.#% .#$&
,#'.''&$$=/$##&'#.#'$
-$H ##,)'')''F','3-&##'.'.3G
-$' #.(##'CG'#'C#C&.'#'$F''$.,
#3',,#%&>&F&G'FF#'
'.F'/#'#.#$-$#.

(#'-$FG#&,###,.%&',C
.#G#$--#,&''C$&D-E& =%$&.#3'&
''.3G0#&/G##,#-$&'#''''.FG,
 .$-C'$ '$C/&'.'H(##$F/
$&'$.,'GC'#.'''#&D./0'#.'
$$E    #    $  (B#'&  D'    C  '  $  /  '  ##C    
.E&.'=$='#''/#'.'G,.''-G$
..3'#$--'.0'C',)'G##.$=''0'
ACBC#$&.#','/C##$.#',#C3 
,0'#3#,$#'''#''C$'$'&'.0'-'
(-#)'#'F'G'F##,.#,-.''F&'
#'.'B$'(#&'.#.B$'.#& -&:'$3&.'&
2$3'-&,$'$'&3&(#=/'=$='&'
.$'      ,      ##  (#  $#  #  '$#    ',&    ##    #
''#,.#'3'$--'$.=G.#&:0./
'$#H$='&#'3#('##.CBF'&'#'#
5

           
  
  
 
           

,    '  B''  /    C    .'  (    -  #    ,  .
B$B,''./)''#'/'-#&='$&G/#
-C    '  #    '$.  &  #'  '  B#'    '$''  -
$%    '  .#  G  '  F  ##,&    -C  .'  ##3    #F'  .  '  -##
1H'C/#','.#'.'#//$'
'F''.'&D'.CE&='$'&,,##'-F'
/C& @'& '$F'G'-$'&##''&D 3'#FE&
&F''$F'G''-$'&.'&D($3'$='E&'B&
DGE& '&DC'$%$'E&#---&DL=#E&''
#'.#'#.

,'#,&'-C','''K.#' B/#.'
/#'-C.'''$''#$.#'/.#3'$(#
.#B%#,G.'/''1&/C#C$&/
$F-#F'&.B''G'#',C&'-##
#'&'C/'F##,##,##,H'(#'/#-$'/G
'3C#K'.'./##'.%#'$.3
' #'$G ## # # ##& '$&D:0E& ,',
$$& #3 #  $ $=& '. 3'& ' 'CH##  '
'..&.''$$',#'D/0'#-C.$&'
,'E&&/0',BF&'##.#

C#'-&'-$''#C#'#'#.,F
/#'#'.F'G'-C'#&/&$#,G##,$'&#.
$#/3#'&'','F$###, $%#&#$.
.&##3$'$C #3H.'/$.%#'3##''.$='
$'/3#('&D:0.F''&#ED#,/0'#)
'$E$.F& K''//C$='$'--'&D/0E&,
..# /BF'#.$3#'$.B##&-
.'&#$.(#&D .30&-E&#0##3#C#-#G$
/$&#-#'F#$.#&D/0$='.C-E3'/
',-&.C###.#,'3C&#
#'3',H$3#G''.3& ''/'
,F$='$'-''&/#3.#/&#B.'-&/0#.
---

B##%#'-$'&/&B###/#$#$-
'$#.#M3#F#,'GB$'#-G#$'&AF
.-$&'',#,&$=''$B#&/#$='#.#$/'
,#C$###C$'$'$G=$./C-$###&G',#,'
,&D '3'E -KGG',$'3#-F#-3&#,''
#/'#&#3#3,&D'$G-$&E&G##'.'./
#&D(/$G$-&-E&'.G,GF-$''
F'3#.##'3#'.#&.,-/-C
F#.'#,.--#$.'$3 ,'-F$&
##.'G#3.'&,#F'&$'#.CGC#
'.&:#)&3&3#'.#&=.F&:$'
C/-C##3'-&.$='/'&'$%.''
$.'#'/'#,&G$''#3#('
B$##$='1'#'$$3G$0#$=''3#3
  '  -$'  G 3#  #  $=' #  2'    -3      $  .-    ,
,'#$(# $#,#'.#'.$&%.''$3''$='
6

           
  
  
 
           

.$/'&#,#3C',$'.&/'
'B#'##F.###.'#&.#3F#$#$&
#.#''G#.,#%#%&M&$
'.$$'$B'

3#G''#3#.B$/3,C&'
##%##'#'-$'G##'-$'/0',$#'
'##'$&D.30E&#,C'#3'$#F'#C&D.30
#%E(G,'...#''$'&$#'&.='0/0
-&.'$3#&$0G,'$G''-$'&'#
2C=.'''')&.##'#.##G'/
''.'&D'=(#E&$3'###

','$'#3'.'%&G'-,%
D:0F'$'.E F#=$##,$'$.&D:0.'E&'.3
,&#'.'''-C3###=,&/K''C#.'#&#3#
3$%$,'GB,'G$=','&D:0#,'('E&
A3#3##'/##3#'-$'& ,''..=&(-#&/'
'''%.'&3NG&D/0#,-E&(#',#,
''B&D.30#%E3#$#0#&G,#
$$#,/'#''#.&#-B
3&',#,%&'#'$#'3&G##'.#.

#.'(#&F#'/C(-#)&D:0/#'
'/'=.E&'./'#$''/'G/C&''#
,%&/'C#3$#0&#$%'$.'BC#&#$#$
%&'3#3&G,'/'3',#'F#,-C
  #  $  %&  C'  '&    '  $##'&  ,  $  0#  G  ''
-$''''.''3##')=#(-#
$/C##,'###$$#&D,.'#$
%E&'.3G#'.#,%,&D$G'E,%&/.C'#
$F/-#3'#-$#&-$.#$'%&'#.&
&G###,''& -/0')2#%#&'-#$='','
$&D,'E&&'$F/$/ ,#.'.#&
/.C'F#-'$#3$=',#/-G'&.$,#
,=$#&D'=$F##E&#.3'.&D:'/.%E 
'/,G.K'/#')$.&,F'
'C'&,''##''C'#.##'$'&,$.%3$&
DL##E&'..=#%&#-3''&-F&G#$.F#,&0/'&.
'/&G'#'('&IA#..#J&#,,%'$'&'..='
/#.'%F,%$=''&D'=##'CE&'-'
'.'&(#$&F#.#&$='G'$'(#=

<

           
  
  
 
           


#'#-#1'#F'''C'.#
'-C$B'.'##C&3%.#3K.#3#
$##% .&#(#=+,#G##,
.-'#(#
.,''FG/.#$'-CF$# '-'
'-C$3#('

',##'#.##-C-,'$&3#
,C$G$.#$--G-C/&DL/0.'&#ED/0,
$##CE,'./'-##B$#'$3&/G''C#
#& ,'F&'#.#&-#B.##(''&G#/0##
#''3' $C$-.'$.&-'.3$$'&
$ - .#'  .'&- $--'& $  -'## ''  ,'& -.# '
3'#H$3'#.#3&##&'#$B#$'&'#-
--&''#',#.=3#1$ #C',,
3#    $  '  B    .&  '.#$'  #'  '  -$'  '    #
,##'#.C,%#-$F(# $#&'''&G$='
##=&$#B&#2C=&2'&#''(##'$.)##

#1'.#G#.$/,'-B  :0


&'/F'.#.'',%#.G'3'-
#.&'/,'M$&'$$&'G.&D'$
$'$E&&F,&'/'=3#0'&'#'>#'&'.#1'H#3
33L##3$'H,&'$.'#,%/'3C'&(F'$C'
'/-#'&.C#/.''&D-E&:G##3$'&.#

'B#'''C'''/0#.-&-C'
$'#'G$'#.'#C##%''3
#=$.'/&.'C&/B$&D,&/0
-'/C$--E&>'-'C&#%&D2''#E&#/,'$3&F
#,%&C&D'#3E ,'#&D'='E&C&'&'..&D
/0,'#3ED ,'$FE&#.'$='.&C&,G''
@'F&D($E&G$--&/0''$'&D/0F'#'
.E&L&D/0,'E&,&(0$(-#'$'#.'#
#BC'='.#&D '.'E&3#&D '-$'E&(&-3'#
'&#/'$'B#%&,$.%$#&/C-#'.
#&'C#$.#G#'#,F&DL'E&B$'
-'.##'$1'&33#,%&'$F',$&&.
3-$&'#&C7G -#'=''&C'=,#
#D:0##'#'(-#E&>&3#/'$.&L$$3#'''G#'
.'&#''#'G#'-$'&I-J&G'#3'
,$'&D,E&O#&.''&D '#
K#$,%/#','$'EI'$C/&/0BCJ&B-'')'&'$'&
D  B$'    /#  #&  .'E&  G    B#      #    #  &  .&  -'  '
B$,'##.'C#$G''.$'&DL#(-&CE#(-
'.$B,&'')'$G/0#G'$C#,'H
)''$.)F3',%/',C&'.0'B'3.&#/
'$.#.'C'&#/#'-'.B'&$'')##&#')
$C''##'&''#2C=&/'=B$##-/
'.  A0#'      $$&    '  3#1  .  #  H  $0  #  -C
8

           
  
  
 
           

##,','#&#.$,%,#-''.$'&#G
#$.&#$##'H#'303/.$''
')G#3'$.$#-F&-,/GC$.$'&$
(#  $#H  #  (-  'C  #  C  #  .  G    '  .  #&  0#  'C  'C
$.

C'.'''.#'& #(-G#,$'&--$''/,,/C&
$#3.#C#'''&-'K/'''$F&%/
/$#$&DK'E&C/''$#%'&D
'/.$#3E&$'#(-#*3&.
    &  # ,  '  / #  &  #   / '  F   C' G   .$ 
'-#&'C$-,GBF#'&#',/'B'&
##'-G(+#,C-$&##C#.&'$
'.C#,#C3#('&#'$#'.''&#
(# $#&G'#,%D($'=$$=E&/'C&''B-
./&>&D'-$'E&>&D ..=E#,$C.'FB
.'##,$#('.#$#$&'C/0'C
0#''$$'..='=&F&DL./0/'&G
#$E&'','F'C*3&/$'G
1'&#'0B&I:J&-'&D,''#E&C&DL.-
.E&>&#$'#'&DL'#/#FE&''.0#$'$$#,/
  '  3.&  F      #.'&  #  $.  '  '.'&  ,  '  ,    &  D
E&I-3''&$0C'#$.J/#'.
.#&#,'/''.-'33''###,#$&#F&#-#&#
..&  #'  $'&  -'    #'  .#'&  '  ',  3  #  B3&  DL  .  /0    ,'&
'E&C&D:'&,FE&&GK##F./$#
#&/'.3,#'#'/'$$3&D/0,,
# =3#E&''C&F,&D#F3E&#CC$
$&/C#$#''#'&A&'.*3&D:03E&D($
//03&,FE&I$'#'-B##'.-'*3'J&D'E&C&..##'
#&*3.B,&G#1.#''& C'G/-'#

''',-C#'-B#'&B.''G3'& ,
C.C'$&$F#'#&.=#'B#''#G
''    G  &  I '    #  .  G    $  -3  3K  J&  #  #
$&-$3&/C#B$&3# $=%
:3'1-',&'3&D:0.'E&.3*3&(##''
/.'#$#&#'..#C'$#'*3-$.#C
/'$.,.#&$#-#G&$'#'$3'&.3$.''G
F-$&C/..,.'>-&'C/''
B,1.#C/$/0'&:'###-&#$#.3#%
#')'&A#=G#& 3'$'3&./0#'C&
.#C&$'.''#)#>-&D:0/'##EL'
$,*3'.B#&/.#3#.H,'$C
$&L$#.& ,##,.'&,#,%C& '$
-$H,C#'G#'$3,#&#'#=#$.'&
M&#,#,#'F'&.C#$#'&'$C/,G'#$
$3''$3'#-C#'1'.#C'.C/
BB,'&:0.$&$#/#-#.3&$$..=H
0/3$)'&'F'/$#'$'C'&G'G#/'&C3#
#$%//C'G&'&'#,%&D''.#C'.
#$#E&'F/B$#.&3#$/'$.#30#F#&'C
4

           
  
  
 
           

/'G''$'H'/F.#,#,#'/-C#3'&$.F
'.$C7&')'$='F,/0#&G -#&#$'')'&/
'##$.F.#)'. C7'#'#C#'
F'&  D.=&  /0  .'E&  C  #  ##        #'    .#='&    '  $
$&7#&'/&#'.#C'#3'&*3''3
,&'#$G'=&#($#'3#%&I 3/0#.'&
$,$#-$J&''$-F'=&D:0-FE&.3'#3
,'''3K-FC&,.$C&$3#('&.#
($3I')J&G#-##3,%&(&$($&G#FB
>=F'')'##.#&B&3#,&$.C#'.#
F#& &G3#,#''#'#G')1$#'
'&#.'##B'B$#G$=3''#''B$''&#.
#  B  -C    #    #  #.  :##&  #'    #  #     
#.'    0'#&  B3'    .#  G  ,'  $'      B$
'H###=$.G#.'##.#/'#%,#''
=$',C'D'='3$$E&#3'3#B$#G.,& 
,>-#&$$='$#','&D'=''F,E&#'#
(-& '  ,C&'  $ 'G ##3  (-#& #,F  & F #
($&/#B'C/C#, #C'FB').
,F'#-C3&#.B$/#$#&B/K'&.
,CB&D./0/CB##=#'E',-C
&'/'&G/'.'$#.$H'$3&#
3#.&#'$%'#&###&.'-C
/#''.$G'#1)#3C&D/0C'
E&C7&/##$#&G/'3K'..='CB$'
3&  #&D.$& ')E G# ##3 G0
>#'&#-F#3&$&.##$&$-#0&D./0
#.#$#'EC7''FG,%B#&$'/'
$  -$&  .$ ..=#   G#-$' ,'H '##, # '' G  '
.3$.C'3/'$'#-F#*#'G#3&
'''$''.'#'#''$-$&$$''&G
$.$&'.'.%$$'&$C#.'
##3&,'&.G'$&#$-&.,#%#&.'&
') C3'.'#& '.=F',''&G##3
.'.& ,>-#&,$'./%'(#'&(/,'$'
-&'##,%&,'-#''.#G.'.#
&3&2&'#'#&#$%&G'F##'##' ''//'
$','.#&-'/ /#$F&#C#%'##C&3#
##%C'3')&'=B$&$''=#3
''$'BG'$3'$,&#3#/$-''''
$.)''C$###F#','#G#
.,-.''&($&$.$/,$-$&$='
'='#H$.$'$.'&,''$'$ -#.L./&#'
##'  '  ' # G # ,  ' ,' #)&  3 .F'&  # $.  #
.#C&D'=*3#B12#%#E&C&1.##C&'G
'#3C')#$#&.C..3#.'$$
-#'#3./-%C#'.#C'$='.1$'@#'3'/
'#-'#($G$$/#&/C,'#
B$#  G /, #(-#($ #$ '.& #- .
#'&.#$G'G&2$'&$,#'3'
(.C$&')B#3##%,&/.#'#&
/.'-#'&>-#&G#($'*3& #
!

           
  
  
 
           

$###,'&./'..#''.''-F

F#.G#B$#'/'$#$.&-3'&
$$*3&.#.',#,#,'G$.#,#
#$



           
  
  
 
           


'','&'#$'/#'',/' -#&/$C#$
3&1.#'#0'$B##,%''C/#$#-CF
$&/#3#'$.#.'3C'C'%#
.,'&.'&G#B#B''''.$#
-CG#,'$''C3#(-&//'-#0#'
'&1.#$3&DE&.$C'=$G& /#,F&.=&
'./'C&-G/$#'&D /0,$'$E&D#.#CE&(#&
)C7&.$'#'.##&$3C&,#''3C'
,#'&#',-G.#

'#'#*3.C''#&2$'$#'&''#
&#(''$.&'#.3#.#C&(#/'.&D./0
,$'.$/.#C'G$=',,##'#G'E&'#,#/',
3&'#C.,&/$##1.'3'&D ''
$FE&##%&&#'.&/'#,G/$#$#
(-&./0#.

-$.#& -#$C.'# -3'&F#&


D''=#)&,E&,'&G'/'#1.$
3'##.C/'&'C$F/'#3'/-'$
'$.%'#&.&D$.C##3'.C'#/
-#''$3'ED($'C#(#BE #$F-C,%$
C&#$F/#'$F''''DAC$##'&.'ED
CF'E''$'3$.##
  #  =$  G  #  #%    B'    $  :    '    '  #'  .'&  G  $
-#'''.&'$#&''#$G$.%.#
D-'$,E&L'-G&#'3$'G#'.''#''=&DL
./0,'E&F&D ##'.'E&C&'''&F/
-'$C$#&.#',$'$&,',H$&D./0'#(-E&
/#$--'$'B'G'$3##&D 
#%'E&L/$='#'=-##&$..=/#.#
-$'3'&.,'#& F#=#.'&:0#,.'&'3##'
$$G#$&G''&#/$H#'#'#F$&F
$&$)3C#&1$G'0H,0#&/0'#,
'#/'&$3C1$$$=''=G#'-#
$)&I/0-J3#.&&DCE&D/0.'''#'###E&
C7''F,&'/,%$$G'&'$
'  G  $  /  $G  ##'&  D    -#  $#E&  ='    $'&  .  ,#  #  .  #
'B& G.$&F,&'%'P-&G'-C''.$'
#&  C  7  '  '$        -#&  /      '&  '
$#' .#-'H&D-'' ,%%E& &'. 
$''$.C&/',#&DL''/0'#.#E&$,-C
C'&D=B$E&'0&'/'$)#,3&/')'#'
3#'

'/'#&,$.#,L/C'#&G$
(#$'#&3'C'&F',%&'/''
#$##.'''&3/#.##3'#&'&(=##&DL
#$%E&(##&D:0'=-#.#C(-#E& 3/##'&


           
  
  
 
           

L/,.'3,#'K#$'$$'#'#''.'G'
.3  /0  -C  .'    '  ..=    '    '##%'&     $='  /   .
$--,)'/#,F3#$#.'

#-.'.#&/$#$3)'.''
-'#K#$C#3,#'.'.'%&$'$.''
,%#.C/'F.F'&/''$'.'&/''
$'#$.F-#$%&G$.',&G#C/
F$=''###'#,'''')'G'#'$.-'/
#3'.$&D C'.'##'E&&'.''&''-#,%#&-
''$$'&G'$C&D..=E& ##3&,&'='.
#

#'%#$)#C#.G#'3#.'#'-
$'.'#''&O#&#.$7&..='=$G..&D2
'#E&''C&D/0'.'E&D'.'#($%E&'##,%&
D (# $#E&'.$$$=&',

#B'2#%###3.,C$G1-'&.#
3..'/.''-F#,'3#.
#BA.'%'3/#'(''.#,,
/0'.'.(-# 'C$#('&DL$'
$3'E&DG$F#'E&F-%#/,'3'&DL
#.#C& #B'E&##'-=#/'.3&#')'$.#($
%&#'$''#'$.0#&'-'&$*3&(''
.&  2  $  $    '  $--'    #  )  #  (-#&  F  ,&  %/  
3##'&'#&'$.-'G$='&K$#''$G##,#
'-'.''.#.C.''&-$BCG###/
CH.'/C.0#&/#.#'$#G'C
'#F.'./'F3G/.'.'.0#&
/C'#'G'F&./F#.#$'''C'& #&
$*3&'''#'$'0#&D,,E&-#'#&
.3.,''C'/#-,&-C$='#.''#-30'#&
I0##FJ&$#'-$'&'G$='/.$&'.'.
/3'$.##$&C',B0& #B'&,'=&I($,'
&C&'.0'#/-,,J&C''& G,'G'.$G$#&C'
##,#$0&-3'-$&$-F.''.#$'.'=#&
',#,,&D3'G#','E,'3'##.'3&#
-C  B    '  .  'C  '  #  .  '  #'  #'  #  ,'&  '&  F&  D#'
$.%'C''.0'#3#E&'.0'&DL,'E /#&'.#''&
$G.='G,'&/3'%&F*3& '3/
&''#,%,-###&D,'GE&.3
C&L$3/&'1' #B'&'.#.&,G3'#
,$'FB'&,''$#3&.-F&$,#$'F#,H
,F-%#3,#&'',/,G/#B$'
,'3&'C'-C-,'##G#'',/'B'&
BF#'G$='B0&Q#&./'.'/'-$'$&-3'&
$=''B''&,'##3'$&/F#=',#3& -$
-3--& ,''C#$.#'# &L=##&K/0''''
-$'&,.$'#&F$='-C$.'''''

;

           
  
  
 
           

DL#(-E&.3'..=&''C'=#&./,'H$3C/
$#3&#&'=#-3&''.#'-'=$G'&'#
.'#GGG$K'/$1.#$'.&L#.#&,'
'.'& -#.#$='#3/#'$F'&$='B#/'.3$'/
'-3###& G'$K'G'.#3G#'$.''&
-C-G/0#''/&D'''.F'/##3'#.#.#E&
-%$ # B,&  .' -3'& (  .# '#' F& '. #(-
$=$#'C'G#3'$'&'&G'$'&G#(-#
-'#'#-'-#00#&#&#$0,'&#.'''-3%'G
D/0  .'E  &  -C    ,#  $  '    G  .  #    -3  #'  .-'
F#'$-##.&/$,##,.'&D'E&'F#.-.%#
($&.$'#,-B##-F#-3&'G.'$#&D 
#  .#CE&  (#&    '  $='  .F  ./    .'&      G  G  .'$'  /  '
'&,C&D/0',$'%%'E&#F$''C'.0'
',/#'$'$&DL''/0'&CE&''','
*3&#,$&#,'#$#&D'/G#'.E&
(''.3&F#&,,$''-&'&
'.0'''$$'#'#','$&/,##&D''
$30-('E&'-F$#%#.'%F&
G&$'''$&$1$#$./'B$3.
1.##/0.'HD'/$.F''.,#B$#E&'&'$
3#$&DL/0F#&CE&D'.'E&D#($%E&I/0'
.&'#'3J&:0&$'*3&DLK'/'.#,E&@
'&''''$G,3,'&$0'-'&$='
('',G%$0&B#K//C'&$/
$'#'3&''#/,/.$#./#
.3  ' / #B' 33.#$='&'-$# $.  #B'&
##0,#'## ./#-3#3''-F'&G$&#3#'$-&
C$3'.B,&F&'#,'3K&'#/K'&2F&'##$
#'#/.#'/,G$&,G##,'F#.

'#2#&# $###$#(-,#'
='&'-#,''..=G'CD -$#E&''C
-G#'.'.'&'/'#'3$'&'/#3##&G#'/
,B3'''&L#K/'0'/'$#.#C'#,
&.#C'$.,3#&$*3($##.&'
..=',#-='G#& -'C&-F&0$$',,#$
-&$#$#.&#$/#'#.'#.
1#.#''&G$'./.3##%'K'#,
B',&B$'..=&G#,#$FG#3'1,'-F'
..&D ''E&##/BB'..&/'G,#3''&
D '=-#-E&#F,-%'$,$%&D:0E&/
#$'#'.#'&'C'#/'#'#$0#

*'#-'/,#-$#(#&#,-'
F&DL(#E& G$F&#$-C#$&$&'='&
:'$##& '$'B&$F.&D/0
')0'.E#B3$'#'('&G.'.'
(-#G(#&D$G'E&'..=B$GB$.'//#'
,'&D'E&#3'-%'#'&#/#'#$F#,##(#
''&1.##$--& K'C&B%'.&@$F.'$F'3&
3=#& -/)&D$.'##E&.'&'##'.&D
9

           
  
  
 
           

3/##,'E&F$,#&*3H #B'$G'
-K',,&C,F&,',,'#&-='#/0#
3&.(#G1'.

#3#.,##F'#..(-M#'G'.
/##3''..=#'3,%/,C,$'
-' '$-#.'%F&'.#'##'& $&.'
3''&G)L#C./B#&,,,&C..=&
A%1$#/0$,'#&..=&//$'
.#$'&DL##E&'#%& -C#3&$.$*3&
(#-G''&0-#'',#'&..'&L$'# #&
',&',C

,''/'#.-'/#,'.,'
3'#'$3'.B('&G.'(-#&
.C3'''/#,C#,C,G$&1.'&'
'&$#,%&''##'B$'/#-$.#'#C&
/#',F&#.3'#3'#0'#D>0'#E&.,&#
-F3

(-''.0''$..,,F3#/..'>
-&/ *3. G3C ...#%#,
&$./'.&#C#..'.-&##=%###
#=-&D($E&A%/#3'F&D 'C$='E& '&
'&.-/#'##$B$&Q#&2C'.'&#.'#B$/
B#(-&D2'F3E& -#C''##'#B$&$
..'B'*3##$#=-&'FC&#'#(-#&G#.'
,&''$'&,##,&.C##HGK,&#=%#1$
'.3#3 #(-#&$--'GF'&#3'#
$..&',.'#F3&$.&'$'G.$'&#
(-#',#,.C-&/C1.'$G#3&#G
#''B&G#$ 3&D#B#,.#.'E&(&D'
#  '  /0E&  ,G   #' .-' ''&   ' 3N& $='C
3##(-#&,$#.#G$.%#&#%#3
'$$'#/.$%,###C#$'$$)
/#./-C/#3#('&'#/.'$'&G'3
*3& 3C&$..=$F/.'&''.&'.#&K
/#&D/03'##'F'E&''C&'#$'$&KC##3&'=&
$'3,#%'#'#$G#F#3'F/
  ' $,& .'    *3 -#  #$.=G  G#(-##'  $&2$'
$.'&$FL3>''-'/'&G'#-C

'B##$#''.'G#$/B%#'3
#FG')##(-#&,-%'.$#%$#.#C
,#&&#&G'3'M& .'&3#(-#$$#
$=3#/.B'*3&DL'$&*GE&#
$#'L'&(C/#-C,#'''&''.FC'&#'''
F30'#H#$.=G#$.#F$&D'/G.'&,&G/.$.
/$'$--'E&''C'&0F$.'$&-G.$C$)
.&'=&.#&.#B'$G,

5

           
  
  
 
           

'B',#%'M''B'..-''H#'
'&'#F&G#K#$G#%#I-C#J&#3
# (-#& *3 'B  G#/.$0&-$&D '#EH .
$.#  #  B#    *3  # .'   # #3 ##3  B$#  / #  #3
$=3      (#=&/C' 3#'F3''.'C'
'$'.B$#/.3-G,)'&3#.'.'G
-B$'& G*3&D.''##,'.C-&,E

#3''#   ,&*3$'&='#'


''@'&.$/C'&'F30'#&D/0.E&:'=
& 3''$'.').'&D-'C-###'#,E&
&$'3NG.&.'.-#'33'&'#/'##$
$&I$'#',B##''3'JH#3)'#(-
'F.F'.CF3'-'.&G#(-#&$3C/0.-C&
C&D:0#(-#'$G,E&C&.$- K
'$.#&,$.%$.#''$*3HC$G#/
$=''#F(-#&$F.0#

6

           
  
  
 
           



D2''ED/0#'#-##&$3#E.''
.###'%$'#'.A''#,%$--
-$$='#-CF/#&$'.C/-'''.'
$$.,#,$#'#&F','C#B$    B
#.C#@,'#(#B'##
'#F3',G'$##'-C',.&#3/'3
%.#'B#''G#C ''.'$'
'/$%#%#.K#$1$.%3##''GRB1&
GRB1&'K.-G

'G#,%&'F3$3'&'##='''&G$.#
H  # .  '  . # '3 -# '.  G # '   ''
'##'##1'&$$&1'&1'H.#3#'3C/#%'
'#C&.-'M$C'.#'*3#,'#$F
#3G$./#','-C3'&'C/.$.G#
F3#(-#G'F3'.''##=#.*3#'3/'
/''.''&##1'&.C,&/.'$$G,C$-'
#''HD ''$#E&.3*3& 3##&C&1.#'/'#
3#&-#&/0#'&'='.-FGG',-#
$#3&.$ G'&DG'#-''#,%E&D./0#'3'#
E #$FG&##/'#,&/,B&$'&
*3-%')'/,.C-&,###G'/#3#
( '3C  #' ,'''.# B GC #' #(-# D:0
#E$'.#.K#.##GG#'#*3&C.
/0#,#.C-'#'-'$1''$''C&F&#3
'=-#''''#F$'&-$=3

L#','',''G'3#% .'#
#$.&#/.$%.'G#' $'#.#%', #
B##..33B$.&3&-$=G&D./0
'#-&#.$.C-E&'C$#&D:0#.'E&-)#'-$3''&
()&'./'0&#'3'0'0#&D($E&C&#1'F&
'$'/.'1#&D($'='E&:$'#&DA#
'E&(-&/C'=#..#&#$'$3#0'&D#.E&($
&#33&G.##R&1.##='#.#='#&#3'*3#'.&
''#'3G#'K#$''/#''-&.'=3''H#
(-#G#'#/.'-/'H#')R$B'/#$--'
C//&/.#.##/.$&/'C'###,C
S'-3./'','.$F3#3&'=$''.C-$0#&
'    '  /  #  -G  &              $.&  ''  '
3$'    3##&  DL  =  ',  $0E&  .3  *3&  /    #,  #
.#$#','&()&D.#-#3B$E&(#/&#3.#'
-$3''&     ',#,B$#G$$##G'
$&$='#'3$0#&#%.'&'
-#  ..#&  F  *3&  D(=#  '  #  '3  .'E&  7$  G  /  '  /&  D  '
''##E&#',''&2$'/-#B$&FG###,#
G  '.0'  '  ,$'    #  $#  1    '  #,&    '  $  .#&  MG  $
-$&#33-B$#&CG#&I:0J&3#(-#&#.C

<

           
  
  
 
           

,'-C$#*3#'..#=#,C
B$###3'F3&$'.&G/,&
D/0'E&/'3&'-.'&##GB3
'$&/F&1.'1#&-'33'&'##,#$FIGRB1J
*#(-#'$='F3''.B##G#'#,
'B&'$.C#3'/B$/.$='
F3.3&'1.#B&.''#3#-C'BC#&@
/.33&''#(-#&$='$'/'3'&-'#%G.'#
GRB1&D/0$='/'&#E'#.',%.*3,&
.&#$/'$.#$=$&.-.
''#F$3C)F,#&''$'.'='.# G
-C#/.3 -G $='/.'' 'C'&3##' $
.FH$'-G.'/'#'.',%#,G-G/
'.,-#'&#K/#$'/-GB-#'L/'#(-#33
/'...#',%'&/0#'$C#'/#&G.FK##,
,####&'G&#3&2$&2$&G''3
'-#&3&,%&G'&/##3##3..$

'##,/-C$-$&/0-&$='-C''.
#.='#&.#,FG#'##.#'/#%&
.'/#$.#3#F.'$'$C&D/0''E&B'&
=B&G#.'#3.#'##'H:0C&/0%H'$'
$''$.C$'.C,,'=B3& 'C'/C.-G&#3
#'G$'1''#(-#FC&/'-C--3$3&
'#'.'3 .'/#,C$='F'/&,$'
'B-%G-$'FC-#&$F3&#$&B $
'G#'##3'AF.,B'/.'C'.1$'#&
#,'G'3$C./#$,''..''#)
-C$.%,$3&/B$B&G-C.,-#
,F(#B.-3'2F$# #3(#=G
,'.#&'C/'$','#/.F&'C/F
$#.#$#,''.#'*33'.33'/
.,#.''#'&G#.$##',#$#'
3#3&#$#'###'F$G'
3#  ,  $    '    ..&  .'  0#  G  #  (-#  .  #  $'$
-#$#

3$3'.#3&,##3.#'.#
($.'#,&.#'$&#%',C#'
'##'  ,  '  $,    3'&  #'  G  #'    $'  .-'  /    C'
'&  ',  '&  ''&  '&  .''&  $'  '-    ##
$.'&$'##C'#,'#$&',#/$
(-#&-G,%-'..G#',F''-''#.C'#'
C'&1.''.#&'.#.$'0'$',
3#,%G''B%(# $#&D:0'=-E&$
.#''$3''##,#$ 3#&'-
'%$'#,%'C,,GG'C(# $%# ,%$
A##GP& #$F'C$'(#=:(#&#'C.#
/',&/0#G.C3'&#.('&D''E&'#13
$..=H.##&'#.$/'&-C/0&/C'$G
&'GF#'3'GG'G''&-G'B'$='#'
/#'''#)#(-#&,F30'#&$#'33'&$
8

           
  
  
 
           

3'.$C*G/,G3$#,'$='/#'& -&,'$
-G-#&#$#-G$=//-'&''3$'./'
3'&F3$'#32$&,'-#'.#&F#$'
$F$#'$&..#'0.B&'''
##F#'#G'G',#$&DL#$#ED/E
'F-'.'B$-$C''&##'G3'&A##E'-
#'#$F& GR'R'BB'E,#&C..'&##
B$'FGF''##-$&'-'.#-(-#'A#E,B$
#%&#$F'&*&B##P$&G#-%')'/#'3D:0
/0'E&,#','$,'&'##&.'&-'#$%&
3'''&.#'.#&'$F/),
/'$'$.#,C##'$G'&'.'#'B$'.'#'
-$&$F&$#&#/'H'#'.$#'.'&BCF
#'.'&'#B$/'&#$='#&#$=''&..%)'&,C
.C'$&'##&H,#'#'.'#$F.0','CK
#3/#'#&G'$$-$B#/#
#/'&#'/'#.BFB$B$&LF#
B$$F,&.',1.$3/G#'$
'&DC'#E&##',#,$&($&P--..&3GEL.
B#,#'.'B#'&@B&'/#G$-##

'.$'#&-'-$',,
/#$F#$BF%1,&D'C.E#F&,'C
'.    B=  .'0#  G          B    #3  ##  /&  ')&  '
'#''-#B'! 
" ! #  -C#$-''$)'&$"  F'#''
$'G.'''#'.'& "  
" 
% & '#
$F''#%,&

D:0  E&    C  .    F  #  K&  '#  #'  .'  -$''    $$
$.&T'BM&A#-&.',&'$='''AC$
  #  (-#  '  #  .'#    '      33  /    $  $.  #
'3B''.#'G$%'.F'#.$F#'',&L'
G&#3$=''&##'3#'G'''##B$$&R''$G
.''GG&#.''&3'.#&.,#$.H#3#.
'.B&'$.3.##&G',3'$$& ---&
$F/(# $#>%3'''#&#$F#'&'.
GB$#3/-C&GMPP-$E&,'#$.#'
#'#$&'#FG(-#&/3$G.C&
,$'F30'#&DB'#F3E&D/0$%''#'3'&,E&#G
.//0#&G.-0.G$#'3'&#%$3
G&GH.'#'G$''.'B#'& ' .#&B$#$F&
U$ ' .#&G##,GGGBM ' .#&G##.*G&3
.#'&,&',.'#'.'G'&#3'#,&','G
'#'.#

(##3#$#'$C&'$'#(-#FC&/'#C#)
.'#3##&D G&/0&/0.'&./0'#E&G
###','&'C$#&'.#'-$3''/#$&
-$3''$'3NG&D'/,E,'C'),'&C3'
#)&Q#.&-C##,#B%&./'&D-E&/'.3
##%&$F''=&$'&G,#/$'#'H$
4

           
  
  
 
           

F#,FL3(C$-','./.'##3(-#&#
$.,&$/0' ' .#&>F>##&DF#E& 'C#
&'#M$='.'&--..GM'&-MT'/&D/0&.
/0$#.3'E&D/'F'>''-/,#,'B$'E
#%#'.,  '   #' ##C.CB3BC
,G-C'' #$'$$.&'-0'#..'&,
B ' .##''.=#'&D' '&,E&$&,%=&
3'G-$'&>3>--A#3($.G&##$'$$.$-'
''#'&'1G##-,&.,,'''G'&#).'-%
'$S'MD:0$='E&.3,&.#(-#/'.##&#3
/G-CB%H>&,&#FK$/,'#&G##
/.'#-FC''#$& -&0#'C/ 'C'
'$&/''%###.''##'.'
  #,&  .  '  ..  . ' '3 '.'& (#&  ' $'  /
B'F# '/,.$.#&#(-#,'$$'#/.&
/F,%'&-#&B''H###3C13#,#G&#,%.
'#$GC#'.''G.#'./-G.3#.3
#-'B#C&,##$=''0.& G.-G&..'#(-#& /
$'-G/'#&G#.'>P'&(3#.'&$&
L'# '.'#'CB#'-G#&-'#&-&/0'
&DE&I:0,3$''.B#%J&D/0#,'#G#''E&
B#.''&# '&B3'&/'#'#
C'#&'F'.#&''''''#'C','
-##BG$''.0'-C'$###-#

$.'.0'#'.##.&'C/,C#3#'
3'&D-C'$,E /C,,&-F&D/0.'/CE&:0
'&#(-#''.&L3.-&()&',&
F#3H-'',./KC#.###$C
##'##',C'/#.'.'$='&#3'##3
/    .C  B    '  #$  G  /  #      #'  3'  '  #  .
$.#$##='#'0' #$.*3#33$.'.
#$G##$'$-*3#C''#&'#'B#'
''F$='.'/#B1.#'-'33'&F#(-#&,C'
#-#%=B$#'#'.'&/-',#-3

!

           
  
  
 
           


3'(#=&#3#,F#'   #.$/-%#(-#B
'$#'/C 3,#GV)*%$=&'C
7.#.#F'#'C'/'C#(-G#%#
$'$ #3 ($ '$& #3 -C##=$. ##$ .K# G'
F,'  /      #  3   .'    ''  'B%'  .  '3  ,'  $='
''&K.'''$.#/###/.'L/C
,#'&G$##G'..'3#3##&.C.'#/-.
#/#3&'.''$''',##.'-##'
G#'C& /C$-#/#,#')#'#'&F&G.-##'B
'/,#''-,'#.#.#G''#%#
'F0#&B#,'&#G-D:0#E&,#'&
'3K--'#
.&D/0E&-#'G''##(-#,%-#
#,#$./#'####F&.'BD:0
&#&/0'E&$.&=##G'3$0##3#

.&G'/#(-#.$.#&#.'FGB$.#%.#(-&
/3$#3:.-(-#&D3'E&#(-,'C$%###G
'CF#'$3'#& KG'$3#/3#'
.'3NG&G/'#K#$,%/$-''$&L&#'$3'&
F#3##&/#'#$#F#'&2,#.#
.&
'.&D/0$##&./0$##$'.#0B&.-(-E&
&#,%3,K$G/''3$&-'=$G#.#&
D($  '.'  /  $      '  -CE&  D '  ='    $  -$&  E  #  ''
'&#(-#F'/.#' .'/-C3
#''&#(-'3$#-C,3#.'$'&GF'''
-C7#(-#C$G.'#C',&##B''
#..(#&#(G>3)G''BC7,'C
$3G#C''$'88+6!+4!H.&$-#3&.--#-H.
#3 #'  '' ##%' /,C#7 ,#''#'' 
..    #'  ''    (   )*+  #3  /  #'  ..'  ,    ,#'
$'':'.G/'$.F''-&.'/'
-'#'-'&#(-#'#7G''3#'/#
.1/'&'$C&#'.&'.B$*3&D'#
.-,#$F%'P-E##'C/#C.)&#'$F'
'$.#'&'=$=''/#','&G#(-#'.'$.#
.3'&D($#'='.'E&='$'&F##&G'/##'&.
$'#(-#'.'.&'$.$&'C/'#'
/#G#.$  ,-      
 #'>*'C
7&'D/''$,E&##'.'-0'#'&D:0E&#$
B&C&'&K$3''&I G(-#&/0B#FJ($$3''$'&'/$
3''$-&#(-#$',''$&C&.',&G$.,'
$>&'C,G',.3'$-&L,'&G.#
B-&#K&D .$'E&D ./E&@).'&B&I -J&'#'
.$/#,'$$,'.#)&./K'$G
#&.$($#'-$''#&#(-##F''$3'&.#
$$'#,#,#$.'/7#'&./#'$3'#
$,'H-C/-#'$#(-&.C-$'
B)#3##$G,&#(-'#.L'0/
'$'&.$#,&$1.#$.''$F
%'P-&G'3$''./3.$.'/'/'


           
  
  
 
           

'/'##$,&/#'G$,''&#,G#%$''3&
D'#E&#&$0.,&DL'E& '$C'&G''$#$'#
/''.#'&$',##CG-C'#'''#'
,$'#$#.A#3H'##3&,#,'C''3'&D'E&
$&''.$'C'&G'0#'&##0,,GC7&.
/',$,$B$#&D #3$='E&0F$B7&Q#

'#$'''&#(-#FC#.3#3##
D.'#,E&D:0'E&D/#B' 3#'EL$0&
$.,#$..=&',#$&#,','3 ' .#&#
$#'-..'&$3'& 'CB#$#,&#..G)&$
#(-'F'.'$:0-3&'.0'$'&-/C$/&G
'F',$'$3'.C#3&=3#$#'&'3#
'.''$.)'&#G&G'F/$.'$-C$#'
K#$'$''&'/*3##'

 '& $.$-3& B'.'/#$G #' #B1 '


,#   #  3##   #3 $3'  / #3  .#    $  
3##&.'#(-##G.'#(-#B3C'3$C&
#(-'C#$''$.)'#B#G.'F'
  B%$    #  #'  $.'#    #  K    #  3  /  -C  #C  
7#'&#'GS##$7#MH#K/'B#'&-
S3  G  -  (3H  '  .B  .  ''  ''  3''&  '3K  ''  $.)'  $='
#'&%'B./#'-G'#1#G
#'  '  $='  $.'&  /##'    '  #%  #  ,C  #  B$  
$='    /  C    '  G    $#&  #  (-  '$.  $,    .'
'0.    #    #  #-  $      $$  .C  /  #  3##  #  .C
G.#$./#'$='#'#-3'#'B''
C/#(-#BC&/,'.'F$.'#G'.C
,  .  3-  3'&    $  B    #'  $,$'  $'H    $
B7#('&/$0'#0##--/#($ B
B)#.C'$$C#B%#''''7#&
.'.#3&'-C/#''.B' -&$#,'$='
B,    .C    /  'C  3##&  .    C  #  F0  $  #  
,'G#(-&/.'&,$''$.)','
##''.G'''.'#' 'G''.''
'/#.&#(-#'#F## $#'$'F
.#3'0'#G#'.'$G'''.0'#'##F0
-$G#(-B''#.G   '  .#'
C' /'3#(-$.%''. #'$,' '' '&  G '
.###'&#3/-'''$.)'$=''B'$.%
'##&,'#B#G#3/'#,C.#$'3%,'$'
'.0'  #  '    #'  .'#'&  -  #F    '  '&    #  (-  $'$  /
'##.#3C'.''3B#&/##,)'#,
#

#(-'.#3&#(-#'3#.#.#G'
3    '  '  #&  F  G  B  '  .'  /     '  ./  
*3-C-#(-#'&0#'C'$3&
,'C7 -&$&C/''.'#

           
  
  
 
           

#3###,$-$.&$/'$'.0'##
$#C&,'-##$$'#''#$&'##
  #$  '  -'&  &  $'    $#    #  .-  G  .  '   
3,#(#/'.#(-G#(-#&C7'$-.#
' #...$##,'##3.'B$#FC0&'#
/.''B-'$='.#, '0 '0G#**/
  #  $#    '  .$&  G    ,&  /  '#  .'    '  .#&  D/0  .C
$.##*& '0 '0G###01 /    -   - .  $='&
'/'.$'$.#-C/'$'$#
    '  .'  #'      '    '    $FF'  ''  /  #
.,F$#C7'-C,#$G'.B#&'
$.'.#G.#%&#/,..$,%'0 1
##$*,'G'3.C'$&#CR&BA##GP.''
$G.&C.%&##')$&#$=''.#'
-$'&  D.  /0  '  E&  G  &    B''&  #  '  ''  $3'&  G  /  #
..##'#3&'$$0.''3.#&$'$
#'F#'C'',$G$#.'#$#.#C&.
#'  .'  F$='        ''  '  '    .'H  #'  '  #  .G  #
3>#'.#.#C'###3'.#@G0#./
#,#'&/#-C.#.'..=G0'#-CB'/'
'3'&3.'.##3##&/#&#,C#
.##.C'&#$F''#$

@-&,G''###$&##3#(-$3
G#'.&:0.$&'%&(-&3$-'''/&3CB&
..$,G$.3###&.&,'#(-
$ #  ' #-G '. -' # C '3.  # , ,#, #
$CFG#'.&G.#-'#$3,#
#'''/$3#&#'(# $#>%G&'&#
'.#&',%#&$F-$&'$''$-&
-&$..=/'##&/.##1'&G/''
&DL',E&I:0',J&C'$='3'&:0'&.#/$'
'.$-.'&DG'.#E&C&'-#/
.'G-''3'.''&DK/0'''E&&G'#'0/#
'$.&#3.#C/#''/#.$#G#-'B#
#&.'0$-$='HD:0-3EC/#0.'#&/#$F$
-&'&.'#3-#'#'-'&G-'C&0$#
# '&D$',E&7$GB3&D($'E& .'')'&'#$='B3
/$-.'&D'/'$GB$'E&#(-#&$&''
# '  G'#.'& -&#(-#.C$&'
'$G'.#/-G''1.##&.$&DL#'3'E&
/C'=&#$'#..#& 'GG'#$'#$'$C&I:0J&B#2  $
 +2 DL/0&./0'='F3E&$3'#0'#&D/0-'#
-##/#%.#&#.3.#G'.0'',$#E
3'.#/'..F3&..=F'#3'&#K/$
3''/'$.'=$''.='B'/'#'..#
    ,  /  F3    '  3'  '3B  '      '&  :
'#&F'/F$='.'#'''&'G-&D2,
7'&E&' 3#'&.'#,&''/-'&
($  '  $#  .''&  DL  =  'E&  ''  -&    B#  #3&  $='  ''
.'.& 3,'.$&,#1.'.$/#.$'&'G
''-&'%$.#&2$''#(-'$#'.,
;

           
  
  
 
           

',',##-'#''#$)&,3 '&'.&#
..''''&'$.##'$#''#'=

9

           
  
  
 
           

 
.'C#(-.$='B.##$3#'#
.$'#.3$'..3&.$0'/$
.C:0&.',&D/0'=/'$.'=',#E 0##/#
')  #  .#C&  '  #  .'  .'    '    ,  '  -##  $  .    .
/='&  ' %'  %' #%  ,'&   F  ./)&   '  /  
'.'.'/#$.'C2G'#&'F
#3K'$$0#0'#$K#$'L-#'.'C
$#'C/#0'##''$#(-'F/#-'&
#B'$='/,F&./)30'$'&./
 # ..#-' #.#$3 @B'$ 01&,&#
B'$  #  $'$&  0    #'  $,$'  ,#'&  G  #  F  '$'  
$.''$$3B'./#'','$.#C'#C'G'C
'/$&C''..#'G#'0#'.$$C
7&/$0#.C#..3#3'#,$'#$G&'#,$'
#'C'&G#F$##$.')'&'-##.
#'C' 0#&/'$3'3'# '& GR'R'BB'E&
###'F'&'##'.&D/0#$.#'.###
:$0/F#'$' M&G$'$.#,#'
'E#/C,#,' 3#'.C&-C$-$G,,C
$#.#&#F''B$#G$',%/'$'C
.$0#(-'#&#1$#'##'#'$ 
#.##3G'.#'$.''.'-$$.&$C&
'/''0.&'.'#-'HG'0/$3'
$G###.$&$'#.H//'.'/#03$.#/
#-$',-.'#/B$'$#G'&3'#'
-=''3'. ,'#F.#$)'&.
#(-#'C(-&D:0#2C=.#'%'E#.$'/
.%&-&'''#'$'-$''#.-&,&'$'
'#3/&'/$#F',%.$&D/0#2C
=.#'%'E&.#'3.'3'.$&.#''.#,
'##'&..#'%'#,$&D#3/,FE&''
##&D./0.'''''&.$E($''.'/#-$
##3#'.B#&D:0E&C&D'E,%'#,#-$#$#'
33'.B.'''##& .$-#C #2G
'/$.'&F#,%&D($##3E&,&D:0E&&#
#-G&.$&D/0-C'E#).'#'#'#'
.'&'##3(-#H(-&0$##2C=.$#$
&C/,###-$#3&.C.$.C'
,.'.'#,.'C'#2C=&#'(##'
' .#&//.#F,,#''
'&#3-G'##C###&'$3'&#,%'''$.#
''3$##B#C.&-##-$& '$'#-.#,&
#(-&$''3& '-#=$'#2C
=G3'&'G'$'&-'-G#'13''',
/'.$'C&/####'F'&.0#'3C1#'L
## '&'-'.#-(-#'-#E&L-'G$$

'-&'#,.,'3&'/#(--CF
$#####'#'#D:0-C'##CE&D.C$#/#B#.
5

           
  
  
 
           

#3'(#BE/$=''3''#,.#'-'
C('$','-C''-$' ' .#&
.C/'#$#$3''.''##B$'-###
(-'.&.'.$#,'#$)'3/'..
,'C'&D ,'&.$E&.&D:0,'-E&F$.3'&G
'#,.3#'#'##'@C'.0','-##
-/-C''#/3G'#C#3#'&#.#C.'/
#'#.#'3##',.''.$#(-###3,'#&D:0
$GE&'$.,C,%'G'$--'/#B
%  #  '  5+<!&    .C     
..#&  #'  '&    G  #&    '
.B&#/F$=''.'$D C.#''E&/''#(-#&
$&>&K'&D'K.'0#E& CF'1)'&
D.E&$&-G&D$.'3,F',#E&'
/&(-#&='/.##&'$GC''
./)'G.''&D#'-.'E&#&F&'#'-'-.&D'#'3'E&
&,'/'&D($C#.%E&,&D#$'/'E&&./
#C&$$F&'''&D/0#'E&G#&DLK&#''
$-E&,&#.&D/#''#'$'E&'/-#
B&#C&'#-#3#0'&-CC,%'C&-'
-.##-M&.##-M&D#$.'#'=E&-C'=&D('
KE&&-'F#$#
&$-'#'3'&>C'&$$'.
#

C-'&,#&#''##'&##$
'#/.'' 3#'&''.-&D./0'CE&#3
&,'''/C,'.G&D:0E& C,'&D
%E&$&B$,-='3&D $'#3/0E&F/
'#$3&B'&D/0$/''E&.

#%.'.&#-$.&'G'',,&
D'/0&.-GE>/$=',#'/&.C.'/'##
/.'# '#-.'3K$1H$G#'-'$$
#'=$','$'&.#33F'H'$#'##,.#-####
C&'.&G$,.'#/&'#/#(-&DL'E&
3'/0#&B-'C'&F/=3'&#&
G''#/3GG#-##.#'3##'&F#=#$
./#F#/$='&,30-$3&D,''3###E&
#&'#/$##3''&Q#&$='#'3'&..'&'=
B' #' '  #  (-#   #3&  ',  #  3,# / '  C  # , G
$$'#','&D:0-3&,E&$&

#','/#-$&='$'&$#& G&#H#(-#
,#,      G      3&  '  #'  #  .#  #3  G  /&  #  #  #    #
$3''..#-&G&'G$'.$&D-E&(
#'&'#&..CF'C&'/#'=&(-#&LK
/0'$'&(-#$',F.&,$#B$$G
'3'G'(# $#&.0#'#1'C ' .# $'
##&'C/$'#G$='''$--.'
$7DG'E&'#).'&G#(-$0&D/0#F'E&
($/./0&/0#'$$.-$./$0#$&'$G
$.#.',#-$3##HD'#--
/'CE& $./&($/','*#F&'0&DL/0.''
6

           
  
  
 
           

-E&(-.$#&G$F,#&##',.$C#'.##,$
    &  /  /  $  F  #    #      G  #'  '&  D.  /0    '
$.)'E&D($&$E&D/',#E&(#&'$'G'G#$''
.#&L,'&/#'''#$C

#C'3&,B.-$'$'$3'F3#/.
'C&$='.#'0#/.3'#. #B-*3.C
.#/#1.#''3'&D($.'ED/0$''#C'
.-E&  .'0  /        -%  .  #    #'  ,'      %&  .    .  '
.F  ,  #    #  %&  .    #  #  C  .  '    0#  '  3'  #
$.F&#K/#/--'#$.'#.,#,'
#,($3&'/'$##$&*3''C.#   
   (#=#/##3#CB&.,'3
#3/#.C'3&,G'/$,#3(-#&C&/
#''''.=G$'/,3F#3

'C#.$%#'&##$.%.''.#
'  /   =-  ''G  # (-#&,   $'   3K $$ #
/.&'#3'/$$%''.'F3.'#
'C&##%'M'.#'.0'#.'B#
#$&$.G/'#$='G'-#''
,%'A%$##$-#&#3##'&-#G##'
,%&-''##$/''#'','./)''/
    F    #  '  3'  ''  3'    $'  ##'&    '$  '
$-#3''GF#$K'&#3$''
.'# =3##'>$'&F'3##'H.'
0.'$G'/#A# G,,&#,
-##.#

3,#C#,G#.-#G'','- !



'#'$'&#$#F>C''3,%#
&#''& 3'''B#'&D:0E& C#'
,'-$'&#%'3#'.'&D=#(-#E#C#'0
,#$&D '=#(-E## C'$G.&#
''-.'#$K'&'#%#'#I' 'J ''$$#
'#.#F-$#&$''&'$F&/#3 'C
/C3-F#-3,,/#%-,G##
'('&#-$$G3#&G'/..###%#
##    #  %  #  .  '  '.#$  '.    #  #  '=$#&  3  '  .
#&$=#&-/F'',3.,#'G
##3-'#.&#,%.C#/B0#'&D/0..'/
-G.'E&'##'-'&#'.'$../#-B
&/-C'0#&'3'.'#'#&F'.'
-G'  &#''C # ,%&#/.3.$.3','#(-B&/
$'  3&  '  $  '.#  '  #  &  ,  /  ,  ,'  #  #C
3G'3C###'&3&F##3##.'#G*#M&F'
,'C.#$..&2#$#/.'#3
.'#.''.G/$'3.#&'C/'#
=B3   '  B''&  .'  ,  G ' B   ' #  #  .-  
'3.B'$.-C,#'C#-B,/''#&.'#3.'
.C%###%@,%#-'3#'#'.B$.'#
#'##'.##'#
<

           
  
  
 
           

#  $  #C    .#,    ##3  #  (-#  FC    '  $  2  #'
$.'##.-&D:0E&#/#',%'&#.&#
.B/$C'=&#''/##''&#'3#'#G'#$H.'/#'
F#'-C3#'.$'&'C/'-$G',3''#
G'3#.&:0.-##&.''B$'',&3''''
.''G$',%'-','&F&G/-'#

8

           
  
  
 
           

  
  #  '    #  #$  #  (-#  B    '    C  7      '  
1.###.$$.#' # -B#.#C.'.#,&
,#'/3##(-&K3K$$#B$#&/'
.    #  =#&  #G  AC  #  @    3  #$    ,F&  C
'.#&'=$0,&G$.$'#&C=##&$F'C#
.&',#'L/'&K/'-$$.&G,G$,
#G.3/''=&:0##'&#F3'$='$..&
/0.&G$,GCB$'.G''$3&
*3'B'##G7'/'#'#& G(-#&/0$#&D
-='/,E&&-C$-''/##'&')''.'G,%
 .'#'#(-##',$&''&=#/C&
#.#%)'$.#CF#&'.C,#$&.&
I/0.#$'$.#'.J($#,C#F#&$%'
&#(-#''.'$'#B.,#-C##3#
)*%$=''B#''$'/G'
F')&.'$#&G#'#'3'#'#
''# #'$F'  #, ')C7''#BC& #
$&#$G0>#'G'##'.#,#
/#'&/$$G'B&.
'&  D  '=  #  (-E&  3  ')&  DL  #  >-#E&  /C    -G  &
'.#&'#0G3'$'&''#/3GG
B$%.*3#B12#%#&D E&3#'
'G#'F'/#'1.&.3''''&''
C7&.'&(''.3&'/#'.F&I.3
.'.J&''-$'&'$#'&3C&(=#$$$=&$.
#&#B''')#//#'-.*3
B'$.##''G##,')&D -''=3E&(=##'
,F.F&-#=G'#&G#%$.##%#'$3*3'
#&,$C./'##,#($-'#B
')#$%$='%/''&&$#.&#.&G
'##,B,&/.'$$B#$3##.#3'

,&&##3##$$$ 3/ F&


$,G.'#$##&$-$'$3'&G/'
CD($3'.''-''$FFC$E $='-C
/$.$'./'.#''

'$GB# 'G#'&DC3'.#E
'&:,H .'C'##'&D/0,,'#F'E$
.,&G''$#.'''3K#(-#&:$.'##'&D-'
.C##3#/CE&L'3&.#3&D/0,,E&D
.C-'.'EL.C3''',#''C''''
    .&  '3  #      '.  C  G  -        ''  B#'  /  '.  $
'''#,%*#B$.#$G$#3/$
.'&#'.''$'#'&#'$''#',''#C'&#-#'&G
  #  $%      ,#'  G  $='  ,#'  D:0    '  )'E&  .3  '  .
#&#'-'B-'C'$3&F.''.'G
.3.'##3#/'

4

           
  
  
 
           

D ,FE3#,&D .##3.''E&@G$&
.' #&#'#'#',#'#&D #E3'##3&#-C,'
  ,%    ''  .''  '  ,F    #   .,$  ''  
'P-'K&G.'#$)-.#-C3'..B'&
B    '    $.)&  $--'  G  F,'  3'  .  #  '#&  $'    ''
-''$#

#3#./)..#- ',#3$ $&%'


'-'$'#%'&$#.#.#G-'//
#,'G''$#-.$:0#3$='-#&$B''
.#./.'-C#'F'B''').
'B'''&/$#'&.'$&,F/B$
'#&'#.'/&-G.F&D''#-E&D$.FE&
'$'&F#,F&3..3&$.'0)$&D:0F
//C''#E#,F'##'/'#3#G##.$,#
#-&$,&D:0 '.'E GK$& #F,$.F-'.#B#&#''
.&#,F$#,&'3#$& -'''##'&F##
.,3/.'&G#,''D''''''E&
3''##3&0F$,&#.C#$'$''$/#''#
'&,F#B%G#$

'.#%/#'B#.$&.'#$ $
-'##3$,',#'$''.$C'&:0$&
.'&  #%  #'  F'  -  '  ,F    #  2C  =&  #  .  $='  #$'    #
'##('G#3&,$#'(#$'$
-'/#'#' ,='.##F' K'C#,F/
''B-&##-G'##&=',#/$3''&$$#
3##-$$.#$$F '$-G#B#'#
.M#'$'3''&/,#B#,H,')''
'B#'&##3F&F$='-C,'''=',,'2#,-G
'3#''#' ##'''B$GB#$ ,=&
.''.''$ ,C'' .'-C#%#.$##%
'#'#-&D:0'E&$='$&#,F#'3#.##.
$=''M#'$&#,C&#.3G'B.-C,
,','..#&'''B#&1.##.'&
3$F/#(., #''#$)#,F'''#'
..#&2$'3#3&,'$C-$.'$#&'#'$#$#
/#,F#BC'.'GBF#' #B#B0##/#H
'#  -'  '  '  .'  #  ,F&    ##$  #  %&  DK  /0  '&  /0  '
-E/'#.#&'C/''$''$#'''
$,'$$'G#3'/','$3&'G'&
/F#$&$/'-.F&-G.F/'&$='
--G%B&#./'$'.'#%.$&,#',&-#
-$$%'3&',&''&:F'&G.$
/#,F.#3'/1.'#3G1.#'#-$$='
''3#%B$$.#',#-3##C#
'3'G&33.'C&$''.'$F.$C

3'.'#$C,-C.#,F&#3
3&-' '%###,#.,G#
.'$'GH,&F,B-G.&,#-F%&
#$'&D''.'$.E&D:0#,'#E&#,F&:#
;!

           
  
  
 
           

-3#.#(.&3#%&G%F'#'G&.'#.''
F'G#-%&$=''3B/,.'L'//$')#'
$'&'',&#'#&.-'GC.'&:,',''
-$FG.-./#$$#-##&'''
#$F-'#-$&,'.','&D:0E&D/C'C3#/
#' ('E&D'/-C3#'G '. '.'E&:'''
)'&##'.# ,3',.#'.''#G
13##&AG/-##.#3NG&##0,##(.&$
#'$'&/,&#,F%G'','##
F    #  (.,&  D'  $'  .  /0E&  .3    ,%  0$#&    ,  '  '
-$&1#$#3'#*##& .,''.&'F,''
.,'$'K#$-(-#&#''-$'H,#'$'
$',G#$3#& '3'#&$$'.
#& /G'$''/''#'.#$G.
$,'/&',.'''#'''B#'G
,'&'C/.,%'.#&L,'&
#&C$$& B#.'&'='#-3&.#/3 K
#''3'& K#''3'&$',&D($E&,&/C'
$'##'''(-#' #'.'.&',3'&
D:0'.FE& '$'&/-B##'$='3'&'='.F.-
$&D./0#'/$='3'E&,.$'#''
./$.#'#,3&GB$''--(=##''-B#
',#,3#%&-'#,F%'/AC.''##
'&.#'.#'#$--.,#B#&>--&F#M$
#%& '#.,0''C'&D#-C'#E&D
0#&#$='B#.,EC,#-F&#C#'B$###'G
,2#%#'F.B'&.'#-CG$=''/
'#%#&./,#$.)%$&1.'#,%&7
'3B##H#.'B.,.'#-#'F'&#33
'3#$---..'#%.'.G''
,.#, ##C$./F$=',#,C3#.&,$'B
.0#&'C/..'#''##,='G'#./. ' .#
-$&'F#'.''&.#.H#3'-%,&
/#%,.)%#, .','&,'3C3'.
'#'#& ,G$&,/C'%#.#'$='#$.&#
-3,&'=,#&$&,##.#&G',&:$#&
C,&G'=$&#&$&F/#$#(.&G&##0,##(.
##,F%'##'&3##'##..#

-3'&Q#$&#.'.& #,=&G.'#
#,'$#&'&'/F'.#&''&'#
.$,%/-3'C#& &##0,##(.&D#(.E&D/0'0'E&''
#,%&D/0.'''.EL#'##,#(.

;

           
  
  
 
           


(,##3B#(.&,C'$#&D:0E&-C'##'
$%#'& /C./'-$''-3#''&
#3#(.-$.G.B&/-C',,'
B3'#$(0''3($,'$,#'
$H#D:0-%F#.#*##EH$0$''.
.'##$#/-,#-' $=''C/#$='
''#'#CB&'#.'3-,''',#'&
#G##3.=#3 2 $/###-C
GG.#', #$'##3#$#/3/#'.'B#
  ,'  #'  $'  F3  0'#&  '  $-  G  $      -$
,#,'H-''#'$'.''#$#'
#& 3&$.'-&/$'F3$.&D/0'E&
/#$F'''B#$F''&'#''F&'
$.'#'B& /C-G/'.''& /C-G''& /C$#& /C
''&G/##'3%#$#3 2 'GF/#$F##'
#(.=& -&.'.=.=.'#$=#G
#'''B##'/# =#-C3# 
#/CB&G#.$/G&.C#.' $'
.'&#.=#3 2 ,F##$$&*#33#3
3#3&F#/#'#33H#.$###'&G
#'3&#.=#3 2 C$='=./#(.G##
,F''$.K#$##'#-''.&$'#(..#'
/#L-J&#'$'33'3##.'#)#'
/'.#(.'#&$#.###G$.%
$'&#'33''/.%&'.=.C$#-#.'C$
,    3#  '    &  #  (.  3#  '    G  .    &    #
'$.&1.#'#'33'$#CG'##,'$#-.=&#'
=#'#.,%&,-&/'&#'$ -##
$--  '.&  F  ,&  G  1$  #  ##    -C      #  $%#  $='
#$&/'#/'-(-#&$%#/F'.#'
.'#'.',%#$-G#/##$#%&.
$%#3'& G'&='BC,'.###G'C&-C'''
3&&'1#&.$'3'& #'$3'&3
#3&LF/'.(.&D./0$.)'E&'#,&.&B$
,&'&DL'#-#,FE&D .#3'#-,E&(.&
,#,F%& ##3'&D./0#'$E&(=$'#(.&
3#%&:3.1&G#3$#'##'$.%#$'$
$.&*33&G.#(.',&D:0E&,C$='=./0#G
'.'-'###& -G&F#%&'=.'#$&'.0'#
,-'#''.'#,FG-'#''&>--&'-#
.'&'='.&F#$##CG#'-,'

'#,F'#B###'&#-F%&'.
#$#'L3G&'#/'=.-&-3'&F
$'&    %&  , 2#%#&  G # $F '     1$#     $
#',-F#.'$'##&.#&/'.'-&
''&G$##B#/#-C ')#'.#'',$G&
Q#&.'.','%##'.-',%/.C@-$
'''1G,&#,%&' '&'3,&/-C
;

           
  
  
 
           

FF$='.'F'.# #$'.#&#
/'$& ,-F&'''&.#-$#$#F,&G'
.&C..=#,F'B##,,&,&/,C'
.#$%#&/#$#$BF$F,#&#$F'##,
$#''&/B%B'G'/##'''#%.
'#D:0E&'#$,&''#/G##$,K)%'&F
3F'.#'.C'#/##3&$-'
''&.,' 'G=.$'-%&'.0&#.&
.-%$/#C&DAG#3B#3E&#.'#'''#&&
.B,&,#-%$.& C$&,#,%&'$='/# '
&$'& .',&'.,-''.&I#J& G'
,&'--&#C'&D'='%BE&'M$''##
'&,'.'.G$-#$&IAGJ&D ,'E&.'$
''-,,,#,'''.''& 'C$3'&'-##.
#$#$--.''.$&D:0.'E&D'F
/0E&/'&'''.,&.'3'&F#,%&D:0E&
D'G$GBE&&.G3$$.$'& -&D',E&C&#''
'3C&D/'$-E&C&D ,''##E&'/&D(=E&,G
(#B&D2,##=E&' 3#'&3#/,$C&.''=$G#F'&D,E
%.%#$$'#G###,''1&

D''FE&,''&#'F''.#
'C&2G/'&'&.G='3#/'H#-&
'0#$&/#.#G,$',#&D'E&C&L'K$
./'G#)#.3G$3'.'H','&'.-.'3'
-'3&G#''#$F##D,''FE&&'&
>&-'#-&.'$#.'/','3#$&:'
#,&.B### '&D/0'B#$F#/'#','-
$'E&'G',#3&'.&'''#''G#$#
'

'.#'&2$'#*##&F%''-3#
,'-/'&G'##''.B
,&/#$&D K/0-'/CE&L#,0$&,#&D 
$#'E&#&/3'''HG'&'$3#,F-%,
'-F&B,$F-3'/$,3N&..=&,'CB#
B#'$'/#,C.B,.#&'$B%&
3'...=&#,F-C'./)G'-C
-#0#.#'.'&/C/-#.'-F'B%$.#$K#
./#$.##'1##3,.'''
.#&'#'''C''''G#.'.'/
'#'

*####3#'.''C&G.C''-''
B#$&'#(.,'.0'##$C&,
'.'&(#$./''#-#&-#'#
.& DL#(.E& .3 #,F&  ##=' ', , #.$ &#
'3  ,%  B  'C  #  ,F  %  (  #  .3        .'  
  G  3  ''  C3'  3$  /      (#=  G  /  -C  F    #
.,.'/(-$#&'K#$.'F#$G
B0#G,'3#'.''3#'$$%
,3.(#B&(-#&(#=&-'/#'##(-.$.C
;;

           
  
  
 
           

''/##3$#'##$&D($#,G
,'E

(#/'B%-'K# #$'$-/#'C''.$'
.''.#$'&#(-##3##$G'''##'$''
/#3,'B##&$.'/'##.,F$='
FC,%#$$.# C.$=')#'G'
'  '  -C  '##&    .    '  /    '  '  -C  $.  #3
$#&#''B$#'$.'#.G$-
'/''3D=$'E'#%#-&
#3.B##%&-G'/##'#'#&..'#.#C./
'3#$'&D:0##E.C'3'&C#3G&F'#C
##$..$,%#'.'H#/'-C.''.#G-/
$#&DA='#'F#'E& ###&#&-G,-C#'&$='#F#
-&G$=''B'3'&.-'.'#'HDC'E&
$.B#'-&'..3&$'&.&'$'#3'
G.'#'D'/0##EF.''$'-'/#'B#G
#.$$%/#%'''#''2#F#&,.'
''&#-.$#G'.0''###,&.'L$='/#
3'#'#G'.,%/'C/$&'3..C/'&
2G/#3$&B'.''-##'C'$&$.'3&
$#/&,$'/'#

'#'(#'./)'#$#.,
'-$H''$.#,G,#-('/''
'3#'@..&.-#B&'''.# R+9<
,C$G#(-$.B''''G#'.#C' '
..'3#'($./#G-C'..$/G/
'''&'$C'-,3#$.##',''=
',&3#,F$.D:0-E&DB#'E#&''
,#./-C3'.$&.'3#01''.'C
$-'$&.C.'3#'3''#3'& $='=
.#$'.#''#'B#$#$-##'.#G'3-
#.'&'.#%='','(%#..'&/&
'3G',.'%##-B&
/#3'# &#-B.#'.#B=#&
.B'#'.'#'&G#(-&/M#'$'.&'.##
'$.#' $.-30'&G#3G '#,
##3#3,##(--C$#$'$/,#$='F
#'(',/B$'3'###$'#','$.%
''$--'#'/&.#''='.

(##3#-$-'&#2F%.3&D.''$E&'
/'$#.3&-BC-G$''&$='G#'H#'.'
/&.$-F//#3-#&'..&##-$,7$
',',.',,##,'B#%&#
/   .,''$##-&$='..&G#.'
'  -  #F  '  '      #  #      '&  '  ,C  3#  /    #  '
'.#0&'.C#''##'DL'. E''3-#
$&/,/,3.###%&D$C##$E,G
'$..=./#'&'='#,&G(#
$#$&G'$'3-'/C,G'$..#$&
;9

           
  
  
 
           

/$..=//#',#B/,FC.'&(,G
(#B,'B&#'',&:0BC#',,$ '&#$F
#(-$.'#/B#.#%#&-C#3'#'$##&#'3
/F30'#&F30&/$#'/$3'&#-###-'&.
. ',##.&',F'3'-'C$##&
#''.'&',#,%& K=##&F,&#.''&#
'#'#$C

(,#$3'.''-'D:0$.E&'.'
  0#  G  #'  '##'  I:0  $FJ&  #  #  ,%  3F&  ,  '  -C  #,  .
$.#    #  &  # #F # ' $#  DL #  $E&   # .,& DL #'
$'E&'&D($,$'.''$G'$'&$.E.##%& F&
'.  -.    '3&    C&  (    '  .3&  D/0    B'    #
'#E&,'$,C&#$1$##-.B$=#&'
.&.'=3.$.&,$',$$,$''2'C3#/#
& ##C'=#,&Q#&'F&GK$$.F,'3'''&#
#-B#.',G'#,.$,##3#.$C
',$'$ G&,%&''#.G'#
#%$B&Q#&#3&/'/0-$'&
&G#$F&3CB&F#,%&2$'$.##&/'
'&G#F&@'#'$'&13'M$&D:0'.'.E&,#3%B'
3'B%&D'F/0E&'GF&'//'B#&I:0'J&
#-G'#-$//,#'$3&,'B3#.&.
##%G#3-'3#$%#,C#',$&'
3.$&''#'B.,#,##/H$=''.C0'
#'.#&/$%,#,#H.'-0#'F#&#3
&-'/#&G0'##$.F#3&'./'.'&
$.&G3#,,#,$.#''-###$''.#
'.&C./0-$##'&'=$'$G'.''

;5

           
  
  
 
           



#(-#'#.''&'3C3',-
/ #.C ,''& :0 &',&D- # $-E  C.
$.#&.'.-'&.#'/'.,-.
'#'0&,C'-')'&D:0.'$&/'$
-3E&2G-&''#$F& =##'.'
1.$    ,  1)&  -  G&  D/0  ##E    #  $.#'    F#  '  '
1$./0C#.##3G%&$/##F.B&.#.$='
'&B$##=#F.'&#G&A$''$'''
)'&-#&#'/$$&D/0-3G''E$
$'$.='$#7#.#
.##&$'-
,&F#'/& '/.#$&#(-##,F
'#'& /C#$#$7'&FG-G'
-(-&.''&#,#,F3

#(-#.3'-C,',G#.C/'3$
$&'F'&G'='&-G.G# C-'#,'
'&'.##$#=##-C.#$$G'.C
$,  '  '  K  3  C&  -  G  #3    &  .  #  B  #  -C  
''G'.#.'-''.0'3#$'#
(-'##'3$# ###3 #,#-&
-#%'=#'''#''H''B'##
.$'#G3(,F#:#
%/#$$.)##@3G
C'&#-$B%
#(-##'''B%'B''''$#'$3$.'
>3G##,'. F&'C(#3#'HG/'
'/C-#'&/C#$'$.#3.$#/.3$&D
'    .E&  &    '/  ''.-  ./  '3  G    #  '#&  D:0  ''E&
3$C&.'$''&'#,G&#'$/$.%#'
1=$'B#'G#',G.'&(,F#:#$$G'&C'
.G''#''&//'#-$GC
.#.C.#.#C##'-,'1.'&'$.'3
#'B'.'&'''.#B#3
$

(,F#&/%&$,/FC.$CC'
$''G#-C..#3&''$--/$C
.&G$%$#.3'.'#'&:0##&'F#(-#&D'C
'=''''E&D'=''.'#.E&3$.#B#F'
.'$&D:0/,$FB'E'.'B$$C''
B$#&'..$'#'$F'&'/'#$'$$($
##@3&/C.'&''.&'C/'.'C&C')&'
'3B/'='&
C'#''G.'$.&'-B#3
'23'G#'33''=$.#$*'&#F&'.=& $.
$'$.&I$0,'&
C'J&G31''.>3-'

#(-#'$.%##@3&/'CB'&C/'=
'&.'(##3#/,C#'K.&D
C'&$
G#'#''E&'*#&B$
C'&'3#(-#
#1$&'$.#-C##$##''/B )   -
;6

           
  
  
 
           

3'& ' FC&  D./0' #''E&'' B#'..# ' -'


$&',.&D,E&''.#,#'#''#&#
(-#'/#-'$.#G#3'/B',##
'#) #  $W*BM#&:0&#3#(-#&
'G-'G#$'&1.'##&2$'FC&#.$
C'&
$'$.#%-#(=##'##,#(-##*N&
'=    #  ##    #  .#G  3    .  .'  %&  ,-    $  G
--'.3&#,1.#''B' '/%#'
#-$='.#3&#'3$'23'$'
$..#%#',''' $='$'$'.'#&.''
'$$B$#G''###FB/0#'3&'
'G##@3H#-#&#(-#'C#'/C#'
/.3.3$=''/C3'#$&'
F-/#-C#.G'C/3$&3C&-3'$'


.#3'='.F&,G.$/-F$C',#,3$&L
'=& #$''./$##,#-3G'-%#/0#3#
(-##1.#/#3'#'#&/'.F''-$'#'.'
'/.'C&/#'F''$G$#.3'G/.BC-'.'&
3$$G&.13/''0#'-''
'./#.',#&'=&./'$&3'
'''#'G-'.'''

#'$'#'#3##&$.'$.$=&
'3%#'$G3#1##B
'     
C'&  '.,'  /  '#  #  3    -  $.'  G  3  #
.3-'23'@,%-C&
C'#.'#$.&>3-'
/C#&')&'FC'#'.'##''3B.#
.3#')>3-''#'.#=&'/#,.'#B
'$''''7'C'#'#'=.#-#(-#
'1'GF/C'&D/0E&)$3/$G$.&#G'
'3 $#  $. ##,'  G3/..''3  ,F >3-'
'$.#&AG
&'$--'3&#-$&/'&
.3'&',$'(#=&G$3'$)

##F'-#.',&-G&=&#$F'=
' 3#' '3',#'&##'&
.##.$'F#'.#./#/3G-C
'##3.3''$##'.''&-(-&-'C'B,
'$&###B'#'$#'O3#7#'
#B.'')#/#'-C'3.$
#3&#-.&#'#3'#3#G/'-C'B$
$#3&  .  /  G  C  B  #  3.  B&    '    .'  ''  C'  #
$'    #  #  '#'&  #'  ,'  -  #&  $'  '  -#'  G
B$'/..$'#'B''''#'F'H3$'.
B#'#','3'&'-,'&.'#(-#&$#/
$.##'&'C''

(F-' #&'.'B$#3#01#'.'
$='#',3#'-#'&'#'#&:0&.'#
'#='##&#G ,%G'-#3.#G'M'A#
;<

           
  
  
 
           

*#&  -&  '&  D/0 #E&  D:0 ##E&  .C  '3'& # (-#   /C $  ''
.'$'.##'$''&.###$#,###
/'.#M&DL#E&#.'&3'-'#-*##.C
,'G#(-#&/'C'&-##G'3& G&D/'$#3
$3E&###$3B&L'G$#3&')#,'F&
'D.B',%E&*#'.'###$&'&$'
F$=''#03K-$/F$#&'C/F.'/C'
,$'.-C&'G-$#&3#/'#3&'G3'/C&
#G'#&D/0-#E&#'$1''O3#'&D 3''E&C&'
',$&#(-#'#,#,###&D(''#,E&:
,G&##$--&0$#/,'&G'$## G'C&
.'#(-#& ''$G'&G'$#'#&/,$''
(#=&$='-C'=C7&-/$C&#$'/,$','
#.'###3#.B#'$##''-#,%*#&
'&D:0.'E&#,C-0#&'.3C#'###&D 3'$-&
,E&#(-#''F&'$='$'&D 'C'$3E&D:0E&D$
',###E&&'G$%H#.-G.G'/0'$
($#'.3/'=.''$3&##,'C'-#&
.'/'/0'#/.'&3$'/'G$='$=#(-#'
/.%&DA#''E&(#&D./0'/.'C
B=#E&G'23'&/'''.'.B'& K$/#''&D$.
'#E&D/0''.#'E& G.&'0&'
'.#'&'#'&&''&'/&(/'='.',%&'.&
'.&D'/.'#$#.E&'#&D''#
3/#.-$E'B=#&D/0'.'E G#3''.$C&
''C'G'B$.'G&C/'./.
,$

#(-#'/'$&2G.,%&##G',&D:0
.'E&D/C'$-'3'E&'&$'&3'$..=&2#,
$)./$'/'3-#GDG'FE&'./$#
$.&'..$#'###C'.&D$.C'''$F
#/'#-C,',%EL$%&'C/.'#-C'23'&#
.#/''.#%%C3/-CB$#
*#,C#,$'#&I/0'$=&.-,FJ

#(-#''B&'#'F#3G'#/
'#(-#$='C7&'C/#,-#&#F&
'G#&D/0E&$.'$3&#-3#F0# #&D:0'
$E&    $&  #  ''&  D  /0&  $E&  #  ..=    ,&  D($E&  7&  '
$./,:$''.0'#'#''/'.
/#''FCB.##*/C'/$.&I:0
=&(-#J&D-&-E&='$'&$K'7#>C.$
-&F##(-#.C#''&(0$#CC
7#1.#/'C'='&.#$)&#'('##3#'&##
3.&#%###%K&''B#'##&#'#'
$.#''.-C&D$'=-F##E& #B'&/-$
-&##'.#&B#.# 0#,&&
3.G0#$3.33$='&#B3.#'.#&
$-$&3#$#,&'.'#=,G'B

;8

           
  
  
 
           

(-#&',','/G&.$0$/'#,'&$$$=
##3(-#&$/'3,#.#$#','&#/'
3N.#G&'&D($',3NE&G'/0#(-&.
#G&#/'..&-'' 3#'&D($''E&K
//'.' ' .#&D ,C.''E'=''&-,'
3-'0&'$G&.F$.##'''>#'&.-C
/'$&(.%/#B' 3#'&D$E&
'$'&/$.''/-G.,-#'3'&$3C&.$
.-#'$G'& .#B3'B$($'$&.'#'-C
.'  #'  '    #  (-#  '  F  ##,  .  #  $.&    ,  /  '
$C7&'-$'''.'&.'#&DL''F'
(-#E&    -  $  &  -C  --  #  ,F    #  B        '    '3
,  $='  1''&  '    $'  '  F3&  DL  /0  &  $FE&  D'  -  #
$-E&D-E&D'#/$F'.C/B'$,E23
/$$.#'&$'F.')&B#$.&'/$'#,'-&D
/''$3E& ,C.C''$&##B'&D'',E&'
# $=''/--$ ,&(-#&.,''$'& '$' $3' G$='
'$'  $G  F,'&  '  G  $  /  '&  .    /  G  /&      /  $
$.3&D:0/''E&:$/'3& G(-#&D/0E'='
$G#&=#$&D$'//E&C(-#&$C$0$'&
%'#'-)'&'=-#/.$..=&.D./0/'
'E&/,')'/''$C$='&(-#&#'&.'
..&'G'-$&13''GG#'G& G#,'&'=
.##/'./&L#,'C&')',')'
$$&''#''/-/0-&B,(-#&.$'
$&    #  G  '  $  ,G    *#F  $  ,''H  -  ##0,$    $  '    /
$.$''&/'(#F#(#.''C./#..
'#,C''#'.####F#'&'C/.$
''.$..G'.0'&$$#(%
,-/#-C')'#-../3-C''&/$
$3&/$B#&''.'# '/,#.###'##.'&
AG.&1.#& 3$-F&'#$3''.##&
D=-3'..#'3###.#E&0F.F'G
#  -&  '  .-  .##  '  $  .)&    #  ,%  #  (-  #  (-#  '  /
/&D:0##&#E& &.F& G&-C&DG'
,',FE&$,''C$-3&(-#&F'$..F'&'
#-#/&D'G#E&$& '=G.#/,&G&D/0
'$E&C&.,/$,F&3/$'3''&.#
.  ##0,$    #3 '3& D # :FE&   '  &   '  -' #  3  
,3#

$/'#C#$#''.'##$L/B
F#'&  #& B''& D($''E&  $ ##'&  -'
.'3#('&D ##,',E&&D'=3E&&''=&#
.#C/'3&D:0FE& #&'.'F,3#G
,#'=##(-$#%AG/,/-##H
G$&(-#&//$.$'''$$$0##
$&3$#.'$&3'.F'&L&.#(-##G
'# B$&I.# -J& D/0.'E'3#,'#(-&'
,/'##30 ,/#G.$/3.
F#''$'.#','',#',#$&$/0''
.3.$=''.F&-#'#-$','#,#'F'
;4

           
  
  
 
           

G.B#'#'3&AF''.$&'.##(-&'
3$#'.'&$'B3C%#(-##''.'#
#''0&#'.#/'D 3'&,E&''/#(-#&'&'/
-'G$G&D 3'=E&''.&'/$'#''
'.3$'&#./K#'&F'&D($#-'E&#.
/'0''B'HG.-(-#&'F$-$'#
F,'G$##,#-3&D'=##3'3E&2$'#-&$..=
.,F&.'''-C

B#  -  #  $        #'      #%    .'&  D:0
E&DC'#3$=''E($#,##*/C'
'#'.&:(-#C&:'&-C#
(-#B##--#'G#-$.##'.'&/'33).#
F(-&'.#&'F/C'$&&$F'C./''.-&
$%'/'$'''&B'&$-3'&$$'&#(-
#'''. ''3##(-#B-##,#&
(&,'#''3''.'&'/&'$.#'#'
.-(-#C&$='/$##3#$&D/0#$E&#,#'.'##3
.#'#'&'/C',#3&$=',G'&.'$#(-#&7
''#&O'.'

3 $. /#(-' -C$'  # .$$'.#&


'''.#$'$ #C'3C/,3 #G
'#,#'*#'$C&.'&:0.-'$&-'C'GMG

9!

           
  
  
 
           

 
*##&3#''./$'&#$..B'#3)''&
##% ##CC,%&'&F3F&.C.'&#
-''$'G#'&'$..''./#-,
'''1'#&#F&$,#'('&'##'-'
###&#-C2%C$G/'#.&.#''&$G
.'#$F#(.&:0.'$. '.''''.##

'#$##3,& / .    45   


''$'#-#G& --&$#'##'&,%#'-$'&,C#B
G.'#-#3.#'F3'&D:0#3,E&''.
./#,#,&'$.'C,'B&D-E&$='$'/#
'#(.,&G-'3G'&$#B.'&.'$
/'$C& 'C$''&,#(.&/.#3''C
$$'M#$1.&>&K$'$.
,%&''3,&$='','&$##,G'-&'
$  ,'  / G %&   '0  0''&  L  -$& B$'  ,& .  '  #
#3$'&DE&$=',CB#$'G$./$.#%B,'-
'#&  'C  /  #  B-  .,-  #/  .  .  .,#  G  
.=$,#AC.'C'/#-C')#.G,C#$
#H/#$.3''F'&$F$'#F',
/C'%#&-#-&#'$G&'./#F3
3-&#C&'##G&'/,&#/'$.#
$''##/   .'C'.0'#%BG#C.0#
'# ''#'.C,,''#&G.''&'#.C,'
.C-FFH##.'B#'#$F'&#'$''&#
/'  ---&  # 03&#'  ''& #'#$' G #'  '' #'  #  C
'/B-.#G'C.''''G''H'
-$'#'.'''/'$$.C$='$'/
',#

'  -  C  3'    .,#&  'C  /  #  $    B&  D  /0    F3$'
,'E 'C''$)'&,'.'.& -C','#&D''&
.E&$&#'&'#',#3&,'''C.'$#
$#(-#' #'&C-$&/C#K$-'K&:0&D3'E&,'#
'  '.&  ##,='  '3  #  K#$  ,%&  ,  #  #%    #  ##&    'G
-#-F#-3&.#'##.'G''#
*##('''##''

,'/'-'/#B-'.','&'#'
'$-##-'B.''-C'#&##3
##'-##'.32$'$.&'/.#$
..=  $.F  #  #-  $    G  .'  .  $    #'  $3#'    ,=
,&/-C.''$&#%,/'.3##-& -&'#
'=&.','##,F%.#.#,$='&
D ,'E&'=#.3#&''&/#B
'#K#$'#&'#'-''$#$G'#''#/-=

7  $  '#G #$'  # (., -- '#'&  $ #
.$$/G-',('.'$'.3#.G
9

           
  
  
 
           

'/.'$&.C0''F''/#B#&##'G$%
#.,H'$,C###&$''&G###
$  /   'C& F  , /   $#&  ..$ C /
'$FIJ&D/0-'E&'###-G'/.&
1.#',3#.&I&J&'3'&$',.#%&
,C'G,$'&#,#.&D:0.'E&I:0,''J&'='.F&#/'#3
'K&D/0E&3/01.#&.B,&##'.
,##&=3&$C$,'3&D/'='GE&&DG''
.#'E&=3&G$'/'&/'

,'B3)LCG'C/'F-''.
#/'C,''&3#'&FC'H.$'/'#-C,'-
'.'&G#G##.#.-'

,'1-'..C$,'C/$C##-G.C
##/$$&'C/F#G,'.#'B'#.#
#'##''#3#G,$''.$,%$C
.  '  ,    'C  '  /    '  /  #  #$      /
#'B3#.&$,'G#,#-$&D:0
E&'&3#,%&,'#.'$&#'/C#'#
3#('&#.'#.##''. '/.
#,'&,/#.#'C&D:0.'GRB1&'E
#(-#&/''##'&(''$3'./0/'$3'&#$#,%&
I-(-#J',C'3(,F#&-G&D/0'='
-   #E L-C # '& G'.''  .'#  2
-G&0F&D /C,,'E&D/0#'='#E&.'&G
-'.C#G&(%'='.&D/0B'' 3#'E&
$#%

,  '  1#&  3      '  #  $,#&  '  $3    #3
3# .'#'$'&#(-'$G'#$.'$3#.'
$#-$G#.#$AG#3/&#&..=./'3
$G$3&D:0E&FB&$##'##-'#$F/
.G#%&#','$#&#'#=3$'C.''$F##'
''&7.#.&#''M$&-'#(# $#
-.'&-'='#3$.'#'

 ,B%'3$' . #,%&/.C .##&G ##C


$%'''.#,3%O$,&F'$3&L'0/'$G&.
'/.:(-#&',##.#3/C'$3&G
'#'.$#/B#'#-G/&$'&1.'&>'$'
,&#$='=. $0/##$&-C3$'''& C'#F#
'.#3 &AG #3/'&.' &#''= .#/&  3
'#.&#3,#& -&%&D=C'E&:'&Q#&
#.#C'#3$'.##'&'=#,'&#''.(-#&'=&
.,$'$##$&-#..#

#G#(-#$#&D ,$'E& (#=&D2$',


$CE&'.0'&DL#E&3&-G.$'&D/0E&'/.''-G
$-''&D'$##,'E& #-&D''/03-CE&D #(-E&
I>FJ #3$//',#&C/&.3/F$)&#

9

           
  
  
 
           

$,''.&L3$.&$03/3'-,3#'
3(,F#:&DL'/0'E&FB

#3'.'#(-'$''',
-'G#'$&#$#$ /#3',,
$.',$G1.',D:0&$#'E&#.3'&'#
$3&'#,$#3&#(-##1.##''C&
,&/0$#'

',%F-1#DL,,',E&3'&
$='$#-&:0$##&$$C$-&$#
'G(,F#:&Q#&#$.#(-&'''.#'$G'&
'/$'-#&D.E&DL/0-'E&&D#,'3##E&$&
$''##'$&B&,G..3$''$##'&
D:0''E&''/''M#'#'&L,/'##
/&.-'3''&'.B##'H##F$''G
$&#$G$&#'''/$'$.$'&Q#&D2'$G'3
'23'E&(''$& ..3/##,'$G3''$'&D/0
#E&K$'#CG#-G$''-##,#'$'#'/'&#'
3&#'.3'G-C','#HF$'$./''#'
#'&.'3''.'#'G#&#F##'&D/0.',E
,'$G.& '/,3.&''-&C'M$H
 #    #,#  # =$ # (- # ..'  -  '  #&   $  '&
I(&$/J&$='$0'.$C#,%-C.$''''''#'&
-&''.&#&,.'''-'&#3#'B#'&.
''.'#'.$&L'0-''$&#G$..=&
$.$'#'G'.'$F#&#(-#$$,&.'%'
'.#$G,G/0,#C#.&$/.$&,$'-
'###'&3##,.'HL/&'$#(-#&/
#3##C& #)&..'#(-&,''#)3&D:'
$#')E0F#$&G$.%B'&.,/.'.#B'

($  #  $    '  #  -          '  '  '-  / 
$,'.#$'',-C#'&&#(-'#'#33& G
3NG&#(-#'.'.&..=G$-$'=&$$$=F$=','#&$'
-$''$F&.#'$B$#&2#$&F#(-&'#
F#&  G #$  $#$- WS''& - 3'G Q#& # C
#$&AF''.-$L-#...##
,'(-&''(-#C&#$F##$'&:'/3
,&#&0#$0#'&#=,' /G'C/#(-'-'.#
'&#,#'/#%#,##$#$G.'$3'&'$
'&$3&$0'F#'$'&'3&#&$0'''&'3#'
,$'#$&'C/$F#''.$'/C&.''..'&G'.'
./),,#$''&',$3,'$'.$&
##&#3)#M$&#'$#')'

FC'BF '.#''&/3/.'&,.'
,# .' -C'##.B#$,##FG'$''
'  B    0#          $$&  #  '  G        .#,  #
$.,#'0##3'&#3#.#,''.B#'$,#'&F'
#'$'F'F'&#,F./'$,&'

9;

           
  
  
 
           

M='G'&B$'#*#.$F#B
C'&@B&'#F
#(-#&#'3B##@3 -C-#'&G')##*/C'

    3  (,F#  :&  /  ,C    $#'    F'  #3&  #$&
')&'/,.&.1.##&1.#$'$'&3
$-$.&'#./$'G'$'$&'C/#
3'./*#G-#3&#''1$$###.#.
#3-G'H.$C#B$#'.$#&G$F&'F,&'&$'&
$3''##,F'23'&B/#,$='/$
')#3&##@3$#G$'$###'&
#'$'..'' 3#'&'(#=&
(-#,' G $=' #& D /%E& '$& $=' F0 '23' G
-1O'.'&.'#(-#&$#'.#C#'&DL*#E&#.&
$&D:0'E3'#,'&:,G3&L'=-&,
3''-$'.&')H ,
C'&##'#/'
$

''''#,#,G#(-'#(-##'B$'#
.#,&#'$.'1-C'''3GF'
$='.B'&D:0/-E&#'1.#'.'D($F'
3)E&  # ##$  #    # (-& '  $.&  #$F ' -,
1.G.'& /#&-#3#'.'3''&$=''$,G
$#F3/-#&,'F3.$.#'3#'&-0&.#
.#'''-,'./',$' ##$&$)$..='=,#G
.''','3#3$&'3' #&.#
'.#&''''.'=#'&L,G''&
1#$& 3/(-#& 'C'-&#.G'M$#'F&F#(-&
$'#,'$='$.&.$&'='#./&#'3''=
.'3&-##3#$$%#'$'$&, $C'$
'&3/,3$.&G&,#(-#&#F#'='H
-,/,G''&H'C'G##,&GF&.$)
,#,$'#.#G&.#.'#$=''3G$='&D$,G'.'B
3E 3/B$''..#' $='&D$/'3#E&D''
E&&D'/##'3.'#E& ,C&.$-B#'
.'$#-3&DL'B,'E&'G.& -/0$G&$F-C
$&'&K$#.$'-'',&''
'&#(-#''G#(-'$#'$-C'
C$G'#K#$'B,'$',%,C-#&G
.&'.#,&,%&..='##&'#
#'F'$3#'&,'G'$#'&#3,#,'
 ' .#G$/'#')&D:0E&/#$FC.%)'
#3.'

99

           
  
  
 
           


@  G      $'    '#  '  #    #  $##  .,  '  0#  .C
.'#$'3/.'C#(-#'$'&%,'
#.#G&#G.''#'*3#B12#%#&#'#(-&#'#
$  7'&  '.  $#'$  #'  ''&  #  .  G    -H  #
(-#&/'B&#'3#$.#&G,'.'$G'
13'##%##%/&#'#''=$'

'#C/B$#'..#'#(-#',####B$#'
'F'$'(,F#/'-C/,$.&$.G,C
$'-.''3#'.''''G#3#3
#/#3-%B$1.C'#$&#',
&#-'#.3#&$.'##$-&D
,E&.3#B#*,''&(#=$.&D:0E&
$&D #3CE&&.$'/'#'&G.''B#'($
.'$$B'' #(-##C3'###G3'
'#,'$&(&#,''##'#''#(--C
'''#&.'##3'##''$F$3G#C$-'
B,',#'',F''23'-C#3#$='$.#
  $$  .  #  $,$  3##  .'#'  $-  W  S''  G  B#'  
R#'-M,&#''.#'#

,',#,(-#'$3''#',3'.'#
/B''#'##$&#(-##',/-#$'
(&GB.##'#','CB'&-C-3$'&G,%
-'..H$,/'##.='GB#'&0
#-GF#3,#&.-C,C$G&GF/#'F#'
'.#3H(-#&'.0'$.###(-#(-#.'F#
(-#&.'#.CB.$&.'/.='#'
'''$C&'3$G#$=''3'/3#F#H .&D/0.'$
G&G/,# 'E$'GG.3##' 3#'&
.'&  #  C  '  .  #&    /  .'  $-'  C'  ''  C'&    .'
.'.#,3%&/.'#/B#G''&(-#&$.$##
(-# -$'&#(-#$'3H'=##'&$0
,G.'.#3'&.B#'.''3#'.'&##
(-/')G/.'.'#&1#&.#M$& /
'=.

#(-.'C'/,.#'.'#.'# .'
#'''.##3$$%#'''''&
B  '  #  #,  /  #  '3  G  #  '.  '  '/##  #    C  
$#(-'' K'.'&.$&3'#0'#(,%/
.C,.'#'#'#(-&.#,%&/'C$-'&
#$#'/'''.#''/ 'C#,'&3#'
.#'&CG'.0'F#&/#.C1#/
,'F'&'=$#/',#'/'#'''
.'/#3 ''.'# ''#'.
##3)D($.'#,#$.EL.''##&'
'#'3''$F,',3'C/0--3'
'###3.&D/0E&C#B%&#,F#
95

           
  
  
 
           

.&#(-'#''#.'$G'FC'#.C
,%&'$F',%$=''#&'3#..
#'#'

K/#.$C',#/##.'G#'',
'&C.'&.#,C''$3'&,'.#-
##-'.&$.)'$..#B '-F#G
#$'$&//'.##.,#-C'/ #..
3####-&'B%&3C&-F#'
,&.'.0'#F.###.#..&D/0'
/#-.EF0,&#$0#F,'-##B
3''#&#'$G,##&./C'#B# 'HB
$.#,B/#'#C#G..#$'
BG #$--#B#/0,'&#'
$C.##G-C/',#3'0'#''.#'#
,F%#,.%#G.'#'

$'3''@C#(-'.#(-#'##&
3/#&D.'##,$,#&#$##'$'E& ##,
'#&#$'$B'/'& -C'=&D''#3E&&$'&$&
&'###0,$,#'/$%&'$.B#
/C',''C$G'#$'.&$#(-#&$'.$&
'#0#'3C'#$'$G##C'##&/$.$&D,.#'E
&2'&# &

'##$-$.'$'$'$''./#0###
$#($7''''3#.'#''#''G$.
%$''.F&#'$'$''#.#C')$#&
'''.'#$%'.###.$.##3##H
,'G3K#/.'3&13$''#'&$&$.3
#'' '''$#,3#G#''&#'
,  ' -B'   3(,F# G#,C# B'1.#'
-.$'F&#3'=3#(B#'''@'G
'$.#&1.#@3&#'/'.(#'',3#'G#/.
'),#/&#(-#$#(-,//'
##(-##3'.'.##'##%$#&#(-#'#/C#F'
(,%/,C.'&,''$3','$G/'#
.&D/#(-#'3##'$='''ED(=#&E&D:#(-#
    #'  '  F,'  /  '  .  G  /  -C  /  #  /C  FE  D($&
=E$-/#$$'.'&'B##GC
F'F.3'$##D:0.'$GRB1E&D,'&,'
$3E& -&/'$&# '#,3'$'&3##&
=',#&&# ''F3&D/''##&E&C&'$.&G
''-#$-G.3#B'&Q#&##/'F&D(=$-F3NGE
/3-&G'#''3&G/'/'$'-$''3
'//',,##='#-3&##=,$'&//'-'#
.#G&/C'$'&'-#$='&L-B#$.&GF

G(-#&DG/0.G$.   E'$'.#='


#)&/0/G'G''$&#..#/C./
F3$G.G,'/##3'#0'#HG'%---
B&$3C#B$'3'&''#/'&''C&.'.'
96

           
  
  
 
           

.'&D/0#'''KE&DLE#&$'&D$'E&0#'$-'#&D
$3'.-#'$G'E&:0'$&-C-3'#'&#
-$-C.'&D,''''E&#'3-'.'#.&:0=
.$&'='.'&,'&..$,'$G'''.' '&D'C
#'E&(=$B###&D/0''E&.3'.
#&  'G '3  / ##  .C  -$   )'&  G $=''=  /C&  #
##$&'/#F'....#$'#$&#$
'0 '&(-#&D.C''$.E&(#/'C&G#3%'=
B'3##&.$.%,$&$/'',%&F'
'#'$''&'#'&-C#')'&.''#'//'&#G$$#
#'-..'&.''C#$K'/#.3##(-&'/#&'
'.$0&DL'$'##=E&($.$'''G$&F#
(-#&'$'#'33'&Q#&,(#$'&-G&,
'$F/#$C

#  (-  -C    $  '.#    #      01  G  '  .


.'#3($' ;'.$ G*3&-G#3/&&
D$'/',#.B',,#GG$3&#3'
'$'E&-'G '0#'3##''$.F'& '$'G&
$/##'&$&'#K/$.-#3%&$='&
'0#&#33$'.'$'HG$='$$'//$&
=#'-3'$&D./0'F$3EC'1%&&#
$C''HG&DG/0E&@&''$#..'$'&
'.0'/'.$G--'#%H','.$'/
G,'&#.# ''#'3'$%&D/0#-C
-E&-C#,'#''.#'&/#'C&D/0'R'
R'BB'E&D#(-#'-#E

#'$#''&#(-#$.%/F'##/3#'
'#,&D=##.#$E&D#'-##/C..%3E 
.'/-#'',''-'#F(/'FB$%
.'#   #3 '#& .-  (-#&.$' #'&  '    / 
$-'  '  #'  B    3##'&  '  -  .  '  $C  #  (-
$/#'G#'''$.$-$''.&#'*2=%/%
$='#''/#'$'&#'$#'#F'#'$&3#/
(',#''-',#'''B-''C$='$'
'.#&.,3C'.G''C#$F''')'H'#
,%C$#=&M&3#,#,C/'$3#'$
$%DL'#'('$' #E'$3$.#
.#G&3'$'&-'&'3'.#$'#

D:0    (-E&  /  '  ,  '  '    '3&  D($  '=  #  'E&  
.$',3.&3/'##/$='',/'
3$$$='#3-G'3.'//'&''3NG'
,#&#'&/#'=-$#3&DE&'$.'#&G.
'$.&#3G'/'''#'.'$='#''.0'#'
#'&DL,E&''#&#$3.$''.&'$=#.
$&  D    3  /  '=  $G  ,3#E&    3  .  '    #-&  -C  '=  #
' 4 6  3/'F&D=#.#-$#GE& -
G&#(-#.'$$&.'-'M#'& ,G&#(-'
F  $  '  ',  '  #  .#  .  $    .#&  D/0    =.  '  #
' 4  2.-&0'$'.#$''##-#'''#&
9<

           
  
  
 
           

.#.'.''-'M#'D='M#$'.#E&@'&
D='##''#$E&''&D(=-G)'&(-#E&'0&.#
,'M#$'&Q#&'##3C#''##C'3&/%=#'
''.#.'&D,E&$-$G#&'.#3&''$$='
.&B#&.#.#& G&#G#$#&'$='
#&$='/'$='B=##&I-(-J&#(-##'3C&C'
F$3&'3$.#'$'/''3'&'.
#  $& GC$'  $M#$'#B&D' -/#'
33',G-'##CE&$,&#$,#,'$='.'#B&'
-C','#B###-&D:0$GE&D'$E&$$'&
D$,',$.$&DG'.#'#E&:'##,'.'.#'
$''H/0&D$'ED.',F#GRB1E

98

           
  
  
 
           


$$)#'.##.$'/&-C$
-$#3#'#$&###'#3''##'.#&A,&#3#
(-#&B'.'*# ' .#'& G&#/
F-',G/,'#$'&'C.,F'$='&'/
G3#3B%$''$H#'/$3&$'#''=
''G33'$'33#&$,/$.,&K''
''''.'##B#$&''.'&F'.
#&C'.&3#$.'/0'3B&(-#&G.-
'&D/0$..'E'G.'&D'ELF'&-G/'#'-&G0
#3#'G.0G./$.)

'C,B#'%>'#,F#*##G#..$'.
'##-&2G.$/$'=,&#,F'3-$'&
'$'$'&$'$$.#'#C ,=.#(-&
$$'&D$,',$.$E&,3CM#$#'G#''.C
')'H'##3C#$'#$- ,
,&F$HG'0''$'.$F(#=/'#$='
.& -#,$'&,3'&'#G.#B#$,'G
##'B%&'3$F..#-/GB,#*N&#
$='1#.&)&-=3$$-$.##,&$0.3$'
'    $G    '  @'  .#C'    3G'  $C  .'  %  G
'C'#.1$$3DL,'./03/''E&C'
/    $ B&  L  '&  ) *N&  @ -$   '  ' G #3  #3
,#3N)&/-G/'.H'$.%-#

($G$-'#'&'#-$#(-#G3'#' 4 . 
.#G''#K/#,.B,&G'/#GG
.
C&#.C'# $-'$G'.0',#
 ,=&F,,'' #&##'$#-C
'''',&G''.B&,G'.(#B&
'$'-3C&L(-#&##,'

'C  '  #  .#G&    .    )'  B$  $'    #F'  ''  $'  '
'.#'$''##3#$#(-#&#F.#='
$##&$F0#G#$.)F,/B.'$B-
3'&,',33$'$.#&/C
FC#7#G#-C.F#/B&'-##''.H#(-#
# .'' B#& D /' G B='E ' -,'& G$.$
$','B#-B'/'C.../
#,#-##$'$-'###'$3&''
'3'#G#3#.#='$##' 4 #(-#
#'..#=$.'&.#'&$.&'&/#G'#'$.
#'.#'''#&#,&'3#=$/
,%3$='$'#%&',#'G#.##
,3'''#$0#'#$&'G#$'&G-'
'.0'-'#&'-.#')'',
.3#$&B'###G''.'$#//#$-
$ #.'#'$.F#-'-$'&3'.
C'& ,&
D/0  '  #  $    '  .#E  '.0'    3  #  3$ 
C'  #'  ##,  
94

           
  
  
 
           

'G#T'.#-.'''B%'&,'3#%
-3D($.##3' 3#'E&
C'#$0'&D 
3'##=E&&.3.&D F'.'.&#,'E&,#$&-'
',/''..#''3C''C'&D:0-G$E& -
'=B=#&D./0/F$'#$#'#-EL#'FC/$F,G
'&$.&'$='&$$.$$.)#&#.'=$G
'G#01#,F&$='3'/3''G
'&2G/''$.&'.',$&2G,
' .#&D  'E&#$.&,/$='#F'.,#&'=
''(=&DL''=E
C'')###$.&,'
C',F&G.$='/3'#,''.&#$F'/3'&$.&
D$,BE

B#M#G.'  3!   ,'.F#..'


# '&'#/3'(-#&..'#,%&L''/C'
/,3..$D:$-##=$.E&''.&
$.'&$''33'#&#=$.-G'$'

#''#H#F,'#''$ #,F
BB'/C(#-&G$#' 4 6  3#$##
(,F#:L/.' ''#.'B#'('

#  (-#  #  '.  '&  F    '  $#'  L  3  #  .    $'


''&#$/##,&G'B$$#$'23'G#
'' 3#'&I&$#-$'3,J
#$3',,&#''-1'=''&/#'G&G#',G
B##&DL$.3E& -C,'&.''BF'##''$&'='##,F
##-&#/##,'.''33',$#'BF'3F###'G
G#$##,%&/'''C''3'B$
#'%

#3#'#$$='.'##.'&G'#.'
'#&$##.3&$F'.0'/#-.3&#,F#,$&
&'C,#/C$',#'3.#G''.'&-C3##
$M###'&#-#''-GBF#'#,F
3##G$''$'B$#$'$3.
-#&'#'F,#$''''&A''C'/,&$.&D/0-
.'E&    '.0  #    -  G    ##3'&   ,  $    1.#'&  '  #  '  .
#&'#C$F&,/#'$'&$'&'/0
GG'#'&.F'$1.#/-C''#H$='&D/0-C#$#
.3#.,E&($.0,G#'G.&='.3K&D/0E&
'/0$/''& F& $3F/-C'
##&.'./,G'''.-''.'&B#
#&##,0'33'.'&$3'&DG'./03''.#'
#&-E'F'3'#,$C.''.3#3&$.&#
/$.'/##,'#.3&'#K/$'

D(=#'##E&'.3,&'#'&-GB' #
/'$/.##&#$'$/#23#'$$='/.'
'C./0##&''' ,3'-'#-&##3$
&''G##'''''#G'$D/0E.C3
/$%3'#'&'####&.-CFB#
5!

           
  
  
 
           

'#'//&F'M$&D(#'&/0E& .,-&''#,%&#
$'#')'H$='#'='$#&D K'/C,#E& '$
B

D'  ,$'  '  -E&  #  .3   &  D = = '  ,$'   K
/'&  $  .E&  '  /  -G  #  ##&      $0    3'&  DL  /0E&    '    /0
'.&3'C$-&''G'3& ,G''.&$=''$
B#&D''/0E&$F,&.-.&D,'E&:0'&'C

5

           
  
  
 
           


D('/,3E&'.#'''&7$-,'
.'$F'$##&'$.#,'.'#' 4 
6  3 G $ # ,#'/' '#B  '& /'
.=$'--&'#G'.-$' $-#
*##&.'.0',#,F%$''&'-,'
,3G.''.####,F#
.3'C.'#C'3&D/0E&'.&'.$',,-'/
##3#%B

'=&','M$&D #3,%,'F-#E&($'&
D'.'E&&DK''=,G$E&##3&D:0.'=3
$E&2G''&K'$K#$'& -&&'.0',G#3
'.#&#.C'#'.'#'&/$&''/&G$='
/H.#.(-#'#'3.'&,'.&$'-/
'  H  $     #33&  . ',3 , 
''G#$='&''/.$'$)&#(-#./&
$.$###/-G-#(-#&,$'##,',3%
  $%  '  $'&  D  /'  ,  #  $      .E&  D  /'  .  '
F'E&'#.''&''-$=''
,'##-##3''C'#3/-C$.'-/  
  ,F&,C'G'3'###3C,
#$.''FC#&/#.C-#D:0E&D./0,
#3E&$.''.-'&$C'3#$& #,C'
/.'#'&3''$#'&'CF$=','#3'$.
.G,'.##F'H''#'.'&C#M$&'
'=B##&,$'.##&.0$'#&''.#//C

(.''$.2C#3GB'$#&$='#
/''','#$.''$##'>#'
#$$&D''#3'.#&$.E@3C&#,&L'C&$$#,%&
  '  #  .&  $  .&  -G  ,3$'  '  $  ,  $.F  # ' 4 
6  3 -'//#'$'&,%/',$#,G
B#$#'#0&D:0.E&'==&D='##'E&
G&DLK#,'.3&$.E&'/#'.##3:0
1)/-G,3'3#'&.''M$ #../#3'
'',F'&'$3'.0''.,#$.3#'
B$'G''.'''.',B&'.C$'
'.0'#3'#' 4 .

'-'#$$'.,'B'.&..$
,%'B#F#',#''$.#'#$&D #B'=''.#E:'
'#,%&##,&'.'&C''$(','#.
.3#$GF/#' 4 ,%#$.#''#
'C&.&3#3/&'##,'#&-#%-
='  . / ''  ''  '#H     ' B #  $C  G$ ' 'C
3&,''1&2$'&'/&'F#,%&@'#'$'&
D:0'&E&$.'C$,G'&D(,E&D(0'E,%'
'3)&*#.&C$.&G''=#K#$%&DK#$E&.'&'#$'
.#& ''''.#&DL#3E&2G'$F'#
5

           
  
  
 
           

-$&$.&G,G1-0$.-C&$.//-3#/$
$G#,G$.#&&D./0,E&C&D./00#E&D(/0$='E
3''$ #...'0/$'C3&'&$
.'D:0.'$.E&##.'##''&D/'B'
K#$-E&'.'#,%& 0.#&'='.'&,''
$#%G#./#-'&D:0'E&C$'$.&'$
$&-G=/-'#.#G,&$-C'F$
&  F  &  G  '  .    #  '  #  $--  ,  '  /  #  #  '
'B&:0$,##&#M$'C#$='B#%&D$#&$.E&G
=##.'&'-#'=G&#$C'=G&
/,$-##&D:0,'E& -&'&#2C=&-C'=
#' (##'&  A0#'&D/'/#'')E ##%$ ## 
3&''##'#3'&G'&D($.''$0#E&
.#,%&D/0$-''E>.'-'B','&
'$G#30$'&:0$,#$

3/'$$#'-##-'1)/3'
.F'#&,#,#F'$#''-'$
&'/#'$F''.'&#'.#& 1-'$&'
K#-'##3G$&$.&#F,3&'
'#,'G'# '

'.####'.''..'/-$&
.','3./B$#.#G $/'/
#'#&##-#(.DA=C.'E@''$&
C#$&.'=$''#$./#,#,&.'=$'
''&'C/'M#'$',C$#H'B$'B ,=G
$''G%'& /C$' $='#F'D,$ E&'#-C& .'#
-C$'  $.%    C$'        #  #&  #  #    #'  $3#'&  G  '  B
&#,$'/#&D/0-'$/CE&.30# &.
#'.$'&$'$'''.'$GF'#&')##.&
I(-''J&G.3#.3&#3'#3.-C,H.$C/'
'&#F# &/0&D#'$'E&G-C#&#%#%&
-#'/0-0#,&/'-'#&.33''
I(-J&'##'#=,&D:0.'E& /#$.&#$#&.
,'.'##''#(-#&F# &(/'$$.&
#(.C#.'##/#',C&-'#K#$3$.&D'.E&
.$& $$.&'''/'$',' $F'
'$'&##',#,###$'#&'$.$&#
/,,C#'&#%&(#$&$.&#F#C&F3$&#'
'#3''''&.$G'=F%3'&'='''.
,G#3','.$B##-H..##
.$#FD2,C(#=E&,B$&D'$##3''E&C&'
','&# &#(.&('3##.,&#3/
##,#    #  B$#&    0#    '  $$    #  .,&  .'  ,&  '  '  
$3G#,$'FF$='/.$&.##(.&D /0E&F
.C$'&DAG#3/'0E&G,'3''.#''#'
.'''..$./#&,''$C#'&%%.'.
#&  D:0  -$'    #  .E&  .3  #3&  0#    #  -#    #
.,&..'#(.&''#B$#3#&2$'$.&,#
'3-'#$GB#$(#=

5;

           
  
  
 
           

D($#'3E&'.3& '/'G'#$&#'M$
$.,''C3'##&.$#(.G'3&'## '
C##&'$3.CB'#&
&$')#'.#'&$##,#&C$G#'.#C#'
.-C',$'&'.0'B$'#''.'HD#(-#'=#/-.'E&//
-3,F&.-.&.'C.,G.#$C$.'. F#='0
#&'=$='B=####&$C*33.&'=$='B'/
--/&$##3$='B% .''$#(.
',$.#/#3F&3''0#1.',&$C&
.'#$--&,'''&/0$#',$&#(-C#%
#B&',C,F&$-)'H##%.C$-&D$,G#'E
L--$&#''#,%&=.G$-'&$'B'#.
#/,'3

#3##.''/0&#''3''.##.C
'B'H#'.C#.-&.&$&.$='#
'./##G'#'. .'/##,'$'',#&'/
###$&'C''$,##''C#F&D:0.'E&
D''E& #&-CF&-C.,H###F#'&#
%##'& C&D./0''.$.E& G$F&-'C'/$
.'.$&.3#F'$,#&CG'&D/0,'$
'0#E,'./.'.#GB'3#. C&$#(-&
C''..B&'-#'3.''$F##'&D:0#FE&
#$&,#&#'.'#.,&D#E&'= #&
2G.C #.*3&/,C$$AF''.-$

      #  '    &  ./  ,  '  3      #  -#    #
.,  '      '=  B#'  $'& #'  .''  ' /  #'
'$'  ,  '  /#  $.  K#  B$#  /    #  =,  #    G
-#'##%&'C#$3G#.''-F-'
,'#')0'C&$'&G'$.#'$#.''&2$'&$'#
&D /0$FE&1.#*3&D #.#CE&D#F0E#'/'-
#,%.'&D/0',',#'&'#'G,''E&I/0%, #B'
/    .%  ''J  '  $F'  B,$    &  #  $F  '=  #  '
'=#''&',''/#'$3'#B$#&'$'/#
$'#'''G#F#$ /$&#(--C,##
'#-3&#'$''#.#C&##'G-C/#'
'.#C7.#&'%#'F.&'#.',
#'''.H'F.'D/0.'C'#'.##'E&
D$'C#,#'#$.E@'#BC'#$&G,C'.0'
#      ',    '#  $G      ,&  '  $F'  '$.#$
-'$

,G*3B#   ,#&#KB1'HC


',,#&.'3'##.#$#.,G#
,###C&%3,#.#)''#'G##'
$.#,'C'H',-'#''#'.0'
$''##./7',#,(#=&#. '#
A$G ##=##%,%.'&##,B%##3%''
',&F*3.'B#F#&.#C'&$F
'.0'#'&:#.&(#.#C'F3&'&--G/
,/&B,$F&C&$0/#   '
59

           
  
  
 
           

##&23.C'$&1.'C&2F&F/,G&K''=/C'.$&
'=  &  *3  ##&  .  $  .  '3&  #  #$..''      3F
',F

'.'#'B#''##=.*#M&*#M&*#M&'-#
    #'  .'#'  #  $##  '  )'  '    ,  .''
,''3&$''#* #B')& 'C#'/C&
'B$##.#$F,

55

           
  
  
 
           


$='&F#($&''$C')'&'.#'
3'&  #'  #B1    .  ,    #3  '$$    #  ',  $  #
B# '-''')-C#B%#FB#.#C,#&
B$/$'$#$'.&
'.'$'3###/.#(-HBB.'.&
,2#%##'#G&''.-'/##3 #-'$''&B0#/
,#,#.#'.'#BH#$033/,2#%#
F$,##'G/.#'-'C#'$3#'
$.)C%&'$.#'#''&($ #''.
$  C  #  3  G 1$  #  .#C  0F#    $  &  ,#  7&      '
'3    -$  #0&  .#  ')&    B#.&  =    #  G  -%$  
#,$& '# .,3 /0'G/0 ' .7F #B&
')'-30#1&./#'.&G'...#K'/'
3'B##..#','&'$'$##''='&
'.'.-&C.C'#'#B1HB#
'(%.'&,'3#'B'G&#'.'$.
'C3K#B1-C/.-C #'#&#($'.
#'#3#B$'#'1.#/B$#B)'-C
,#'$#%$#'$G-C3.(#=')
,$G'..'.#',#H'#,F'.C.#
$C&.#.B###3#'$'&#'K#$'C'#K##
#'$,%/'F)'&#'',#$&'$'-#&#'.
/$$.)&DA#/0E&F*3&#&D:0#E$
3/$'.-''$'&)#B1&$3&'#'G
.$&'-F3##G&D''#//'E'##&
.'''-C'=$-F''&'$'''''&D:0
''E&F'&F''$&'''#$.$$C$='&,F
.F&G=F#&#$B$.##'#'B#'H'$,&#'3'
#C#&#'F'*3/$&.3''&'#3
B#.#.#'#/#.-.#'F&C'.'
 #F# G''.' ' '$#& ') ##%$ $&
(=##'&,F#'& 3&$=''.$''&.''$&.'G
#-''B.%#'$3&F##&#
$##3/'#'F#'# $=%C7$
  '  #  .$  &  ($&  (=##'&  '  $  '#    ,%    #  $#
('#,G##,.',$#'*''F'G'3'
,&.C##$'.&'$#''3&
'F  '  .  #&    '    =#&  ,  #  ,F  G  ,$'&    #
$&'G-'.-.### $#B$#''G')
'##,,0#

7$F&,/')G3#'.'2#
=,#(-#-C$&$''#/'0'$$&
'3  '  M$&    '  .  .''&  %K$#'&  $  C    .$  D  '&
>-#E&B$#%&#'3''C''&('-=#'''
$='B=#','3', '&.,#$.#'1#B&:0
'/0#'#''''.'&#$F$#/ '#',&
'#-C1.'$F'&'1.$'##(#H
'/#F&'/''.',.'#'$'/',
56

           
  
  
 
           

$%&'C'/ '#.#$=1$&#3#/'#'
&#$.',.-#--.# #$F'/
.',#,(-#&.'&0F#.'.0'&F#,%&$-G/'#'

#,F##',&$=',%''.,& 3&
'F#,%&,G''#$3'&D:0,-$E& /#&,
3  G  $    ''      ,    '#&  D'  .  E&  D'  /  .'    
,3$(-#E&&K$'G'#=.&('#
(-#&'3'=#.$G##.=#''/#-%G#
C,'-$'&'#.-$#3#.C,#'
3'.#'C-#&'C/B$&#$.',-#$F'H
  ,%      ')  -C  #3K  $  G  #/    ##'  '.C  
',#'$ 'C'FB&'$$$'-,G$'&#,%
')&DLG# 62 FBE&.'&.'-'-&,G
.#''$=''#$$.$&$,'3C#,'
./#$#%&'$B#/-C#$#'
(',H',$#C#'>P+3'/#)G#'F#'
B#'&''#.#C(-#&3,'#.#',$
#'/B$

2$''.0'#3'$.#'$'=,
'-  /  '  3'    3  '#  #  ($  #  $  '3  '
#$'/.C'G#,%#3/    '.)#&
  ,% 3 7          -       - 4    5   %   . (
$''.0'&#3-#$.F'&#'G#/#.-
-##'.&#$'')'.F' ,D/0
$'/CE&#F#'#''G#''B#F8- 4 
2  $ +2  "      ...->-#&'K'.C-G'G
.)HDG',FE&2 7  $ .  & .'&$C$
3)'',F'#3##$&#''-#'&G3#'
..#'$#'/&.,&(=##&#3)#M$&'')''
#'&D$G$.'.&>-#E&,B$#%& #'3'
'$#'&D /0E&#3'#(-#&..F&D -&
''E&-3'.F,/'3',$#'.='#'

')#.3.#($7'&#'#(-&G'##,$#
.% .K#&3$.H,1.#/$.'#(-(#=&
#3 #.##3G'#.'$$-'-'&#3'#,G'
&D##,$.)'E&&'#$#,C-G.#$)G
'&3&D/0.'-#&E&D./0'&3'-#
$/0E&'0/0')'.'.&#3.###G.&$
/',#.F&.->-#&$#/''G=.&#-:
'/0-'K&/0''=3.&0$#G-%#D/0-C'.#'
-'#'$3#'E&D/0'' $E&D'='3##E&L
'G3##&'G.'&'$&.##($&D=#'..###
*3#B12#%#E&F/'G.'&$,##$.#%B&D -'C&
'#$--E,#''=##'#'.'&G'='''#
%BG$.% ')#'G&'1.''.#''##'$G3G#
#/.CF3'/#& #,C&#F&G'3##''=&
3'/$'@,%#.'##B-'#G',''#-&
#K#&,G/-#'#&G-$='F3 #
3    D'=  ##  #  E  3  #  *&  D  /  '  E&
5<

           
  
  
 
           

-#,/&$%# #'-'& '$F#&


')#'.#&#/C$.' #,.B'.
  /##'  #'    '  F&    '  'C    3'  '    3#.  3&  #$  #
($&/B'&-%$.&--G($&#/$'
'-=&-#&3&B3&..H#$''$'.')'#'
.'G'.$'##'/B' $/#&,.
#  #  /  B  /  C  )'    $.#    #  (-&  /  #  $.)    ''
$''&/#FB$'.#%1.#','&G#/'#F#'
.#C'(,#,#')''D/0#'
.$E&&D#'#''3GE&C&D='$='','E&
'0'&D.'B$'#.#C#F0E&C&D(='E&2&
  #  ,&  &  7  &  DC'  ..3  ',',E&  $.&  D K  #
'E& C& D(=','#'#301G''3'
#3#$  '#'E&  -'&  D   $'      #  3  .  '#  
$'E&C&D/0.C'B'E&' 3#'&$'DB(&
(&(-& #'E&7''B''3.=&%G&
##C#.%/&#B#)

'' #&D/0'E&#(-#&D'FC#'#(-#E&C&#
'3#'C.#%&D $0'3##E&&#''#3#'FB&2$'
,'-0#'#3#''H#'D'$.#*3#B1E&C&D
$E& $0'#F#$%$'$.''&''G
.#C'    #  .'  D(#'    B#  (#&  #'  #  'E&  $0&  D(  #
>$*N$'E&C&D(-GL#=/%E& $0&$0&#$3H
'='B>-#&1.'''B-7&''3&$.C###G###,'
#'.''/#$B'H'.0',' #G$.'#.#.'.&
#3

#  C  '3  ,  $  #'  -  #$'  #  .#3'  #  ,
2#%# =&#'#G&#'>-#&B.'.##3.
0##'3'&3.#$')#.,G
*3  #B1&  #'  #  (-&  #'  ($  7'H    $&  #'  #FH
/ .&#'#-GB''G$''B,
'.'

58

           
  
  
 
           



'FC##3 #CFBB#'
(#-GB#$'$'C#G ,=&$##'H
3    #  3'  /  ##,$'  #  $C    #'  ''    #  B$#  AC  '  
'###'&-'#G',%#B&3G&G&
''##3G3,#,##$##$'$'#'.
#'$''F#.3'$## #'.'$''''.&'./'
'-G#3(-#&'O3#'H#$F'=#3##., #
$-#G/-C#31)&.'.BG'#',
'#K$3/#C#.&#)#.3/,%B.3
.0#

#FBC(-#&D'=''3/#(-E& 'C#C,&DL''
#,#E&F&D2#3%.#.E&&###,#$
#.,&$./,##(-#-##/0-#3&
3  -C  --  0B''    /    #  $    #  '&  .  $.  .C  ##,#  
3'&'#. ##''$'F#'F-%$.&
3'''.#G&0F$3#'&.''#'F&
D:0'E&'$##'.&$,'')/'$.''.'&'=
##3NG&'&>=F#'&,'M#'&D#'.$'E&-G
-&..''$'B'3'&D,$E&G$-'M#'
$F#.-C$='#,F'C#*##&'.
,&/##3C#/$$#(-#.B'.'&.'''1&
I:0#J&D($#-C-####GE3#'$G/C/
'.& -C'P-$'&3'&#%&'.'#./)FC
3##&-#&D,'$.EFC.3#B
,#.#B$-C'.''#F#'C
=,3 #'$)3'(#=&'M#$'&-C
=B##,
.&#-/#'3#'3'##
'',#F#&&,GF/C&#&$1G$,'
'.''##.&#'3''##'#')'F3
0'#.#'.#CG#'$',C'&''G3'.#
-&G&#''3C&#','#'-C,'#C&.#C
$0,&#3&$='#'-2'#'B'B'$&
,##.'#/.#'$ 3&#23#'.#3&-#
.#0BG&#'''.

'#(-#,,C'..#&#'#B1.$C'#'B'#
#&D'=#$--&./0#F/CE(B$'C#$.
%$.#$*3&2#$&D/0'#,G#
E& #B'$#3&$./',.G&$##,#/$FH#
$.C$.''/,B#.&3'&03#'
/'#,#,'G'#, -#')&$#'L$$
&#B3&D/0/#E'-$.&.#.'
'.'B',#$##3&:'##$
3&-G#0B&C#/,3&-G&D:0E -#
$C          $&    '  #  C  7  ',  3&  D'    #
$.F'E:0/'#G'&/0/'
.$&/0-&L#3,&.&'='/0#'C')''
.  .'    -&  '  '  .C'  '  ,    #  .C'    #  ,#&  '  '$'
54

           
  
  
 
           

#.#'D($'.'#$.&'ELG/C&-##,%#
###..=G0'-&.&'C#$'$/#,%.'&/
$''''&/0B#-3'$-'-$'AG$'$-F&
B*3&D@'-F'E&#.3#*&#$C$.#,0'&'3K
'..3&.#$#%#%G##$&#'
#@-3#&')&#'''
'##.'#,#$')&/'.&'0'&D /0-',E&
'0&.,,&*3''.#$##'$F,&/0F''$'&
-  '#  /  '  ##'  #'  /    %    '  #    3)'  /  #  $
-3'&//$#3&//##3'#.#.#G#'
$.'''#'&-##''#'/.'$&.'H#K
/---$,'F$&,&$$'G-'#/
#.F'GGD=,/#,.'#,.,E&D/'$='
$'/'#''F'E#$#(-G.'=B
'GF#'#C'#68D:0.'&/0#-$#3E

$='#$-FC#:F-'3AC
##K#$'-PG/''./''.'$(C
#(-')&F30'##.'>-&#(-#'-'.G
B&$.'#'3&#3''.'.#'G
.###'$''.0''#$'$..G'$-F'#
=3##'>$'&$$#''$'#'K#$'
C'#G#/.&-'#.',',''$'-.3'@,%
#B'0 /-)&.#(-'#D($.$F
%'P-E&'$3NG&L'0/'-$.)./#%.
C&DE&D.0'.**EK#$,%/#,&#F
#$#,#&#.3'#3,%'C#3###(-'.
$&',#'$.''$''G&$&=$&',-K$/.
$#&G#3)#$&$(-#&'''$$'.-(-&
  .3    '&  D/0  E  A    1   '0&    ,'  '  '    $&
3#$''$'&'..#&$-%'=$33&
$'#''$&#'.'&'$'B#'.#(X &''
#7&-'''$'#''&D/0'3'E,G,''$&
D K'E& ,'&$B&'#'G&..'$B#&
/%=$,#,C$'#&&/-'#..#&$
..=&GG&/'$.-/'.&$-$,#,G
-&.$./'B#1&#&D/0B'-CE '#
$#,DG/0$='E&(-#&K''''.'&K'&&K
.C'//$'''$$='F'&3#.#G.#.#&'
',.##,3./,'3&D:0##3&#'/'&
#'E&3G#&'0$'.#C&#$.#'$''$'&
.,3&$#'-,''3&2$'3(-#&#B''&2
3.,3&'/'.C''-3'#'$'#/'&.'$'
-,'/''-'$G&#%/'&(-&B='&$'
#%/##'&/F##BG'$0'&D.E&#%/
.'G#B3&'='.#$.,#$&','G$1)&
'$.-''./)30'&.F/G-3$#-&'$')&D/0
'.-')'E&'G$$G&''.F&(-#$''
'#,'&$'$./$&D''/0'E&(/#'%&
.$.&..'='..#$& -&.''C''#.F
  'G  G&  D  .  #  )  #  ,    .$E&    '  '    /  #  .$&  '  #'
$'&-(-&D,''#/$'E&'G$='&'$'#B&#
6!

           
  
  
 
           

#',#'$'A'#&..3#3'
/'''$='B$&.''C'/#&.'&###&
$&&$.''G$3H3'%C#/'
#'$''&Q#&'&L#1..$'

'K#$-#.G,%AC/#,
#,#.$'--'$3'$'='A'#3B 3FB&
'  $3  'G  $  /    '  ,'&  '  '&  '  $'H  $  /  '    -$&
3$'&&'0/.3..''C/''/0'&'#
$ ' .#&#K$1/$#>F>#&,''&
,/###,''%'.#&$.'/./0&
,C-'$G/C$.   ./'3'.-&.
$/#3'#.$%.'B$'F3' 3#'&'
%'B#&'3'#'.-'33'&.#3#.'&$/G
,''%G'#&$.%'$-CG#.##3KHC$'3'
&  D''  /0  .F  '  '      #  #  #E&  D@'E&  $&  /C  $'
-''&#.-33$C'#'''M'&$#G$'&
-C','#&'-,'$H'.0',#$'$'&'3,
'&.''%-$'''B#B'B./'3''
BF    0#&  #3  '  F  ./ '  $  $  %  >P'  G  #  #  &
.-'3NG'H$/#'3%''/C##,'G#,#.
#&:0'G#/0#-3&#'F$'&:$'.'&-&G'/$'
.'

FC    '$  -  ,#'    ''  $''&  .  #'  ,'  #
#G&B-C/#,B%&,GF
/C&'#F#2#,##.$#''#$)G'G
'#H    '  -    $.#  #  .-  G  #  ,    C  7  ,  
.'$  7  -'  #      '    #0B  G  ##$    '  #  $
C3%&'=$&F''.'&A#'FC&'.0#.B,&'
$3&  -  #3 '#&  -' / G ,% $ #   >  / 
  D:0.'(-#E&$-&'.&D ''-'E'&
-'&3-'-$..'/C'$$.#&$&'
'&G#C3%F/BC#B$1.''
3##'&./-C##-G###$C'''-''.0'#.'#
1.,&#(-#'3###'#B1#'''.##C'
B #&G,#$&-C$.##$'#.#G'
'&'''

'$#3.B'3'.'='#GG#3,3&#
$&I$J&'.-C/0-.#C#
'3&#3-C'$'G#B$#%'3,%-C
##3#$'$C

6

           
  
  
 
           

   
    $3    ')  ##3    #  $.)    '  -B  G  '
'#' CG')'G.$=''$''$FB#,' 3##
-&$-#$''.#3#.#G$.'##
*##&$'$.&'#$GC#%(#''
FC&/B'#'.'G#'B$#
$  ')  .  /  #  '  /  -  #B1    '.#&  .B  .  #
-##.'#G''B$#','/.C,##
3##&13'/'$#$',C,'.,''$'G
-''B'.3.$'&#,%''1F'&GG
'$

$3G#''''...''''G
-$''$F'#'''-##B#'&##,)'$.#'
''.''$'G#B#'-C'-*''$CH#3/,#'
.  #  $.#&  .  $$-'  ')  B      '.  #  $'    #
.#G&'.'$'&..3&.#'&$'H'B'$#'
=$#&.F7%7'#&-&#B&7'&*C
=/%&(=%&>&2G-&''&G',#' #2#'
/'      -%    '.F'(3'#3
'  7  3#'&.'/$C#'$#'#
'&/'$.#BC##3'#$'
#'#'&#-/.#(-&-C..'*#& /C',
$&$$&*'','&7&G'#'=$C&''
.'C#,'#$.#.'##G##/#$>F##&
,C-B3'.C$.#F'-#'#K#/
-'#-C--33,.#'''#*##&'-
3$0#1G-& ---@3'/0$'&C''
$'#'M'&.#,C

(  F    #'  .''  '  -##    $F  #&  #  .$      B
&/''##$'#($#3#''.''
,'$G/'#.F## /-C'$#'#
,#G'/C'.'' G(.&D/0E&.'&G''.-#.-G
###$%/& #3$.#,D/0E& /C#/$''$.'#
,&$.&DK'/#%3'FE&-$/0#&D:0.'
$ E&''&D $G/0E&/#'#-##
FB$',#&:0'&DE& /CF#G,#,'C
'-#$B#-G#'''#&#CB/.###
$3)%&')$,'#-&D(',
2#%# =&#'#GE&($&D:0#-G''E&$'$3'&'#
G$..=& -&'$3'G'#F'.#-&C&'#$'#,#&.
''&D:0'#$E&:#(.G #F&/G
-#.G#3,/C#%#BH$=''#'.#G&
./#,G'.'-##&D:0$='E&#(.###,(#=,'''.'&
$#B#.-$'G-C,#'..'.0#&D:0',E&
'..'&#-F& 3&D/0K$C#-#.&'0&'#C/#
3#'&'$$G#&#C&D#$-0#E&D#3/
#CE&D /0,C'''E&#,,%&-.&'#G&D
#.-CE&&C/0,&(#.$,C&D,2#%#'$.
6

           
  
  
 
           

'E&D($,G'#E&$0/#.$',/CG#GC.
F''H'#,%#G$./-#.'.'
.$&.#C&D,'''3E&''$''.'##'G
'##,#.3&D(=,#,E&'0&G#,-'#,'&$$'&
3'$,&D -'CE&'G##'&%/0##,.3&:0
'&  D#  $     -C E&  F / # ('##& D E&  # #& D2
$-E&'&'$&$/#3'#'$F'&$3 C$
--#')#.%&'-&''#&0###3&
$&.3G'$.C#''.''''&$=''$F#.&
'  #    '  #  '    &    '  'C  '&  '  /  .C  
$'#.0./#.,#'#'$3H,2#%# ='
3##&D:0E&D''E'G&'-.'#,-G0##,&
D:0'0'E&,&'-3&,2#%#'3##G'''
$.#&DLE&$.%.','&#3##'C&'$3'
#   / C.#3&  ## .C -  # $  -$ -'$#& 
$#$/C'$&.'/##3#.#$='#''C&'
-3.F& 3#$&  #.'/'' '#$.#'
-'&D2'3&$'&'''E& 3&'',$''G
''#'-'&.'&')C#'F'G''3&@'''
$.#&'3##''G$='B&7&'''&:
',F$,'&I 3&'0/0$-#J&'F'&0##$
$& -&G3#$'G##'&##''='#
##&'F.7#$'.&/$
   # --C  .$ #  *## '  1.#'&  D# G
C/,#3##EI/0'&'.J&'..#-C
.'  #'  .'    ,&  A'  #  .C  /  '      ''  ,#''  .'3'  .  #
3$F'#3&'.$--/'$.#')
''' ,&23#
%#/'#'-'#',C
'#$.G3'-'#$3')$0#$#$&#,F
%B#B$.#.$3.FG$.#$3#H
#'.'''.C/#'&#='#'&#(.F#$'$/
#-#.G#=,&G''-#$/'#'3##'G
''$.#'$#G&C$'3C#'&')'.'.
$3'G'3#.'#&'G$#$..&#-$/-C,'
#''''.'.'.'3'&'#$'&$',3
'$&$#,'#-&#$G#,'.'&$'
',$'#')'.'B0&#,',#$G#
3#.''3'#'-'#.&#F,&/-C.'
#-#$&#,%F#'B#FB)($&'G
,&'#(.,&GB#/##$H')#','&D
/0'.'E&,#'F'''#(.G''& /C-G
#0B&$$&,/,#&G##$&''$'&
..'$'##&,'/#/'##'.F&K/
-BG&.'&#.1$,%-%#'''$F#'-3'&
7& B&0#$3.#B$/#.'0&D -'CE&D./0'
/2#%#'.#3.#')'E&'/'$''#-#&''B&
7  $    .    $--'    3'  $  G  #'  ''&  /  '  #  #'
$.)&G##0,#'.''(#=&/-###'-'/G##3H
($&1.',&:.#B,&A#=.&''#')&
##/,&L#''$.##FB,#&/,/0&.B,&
'###,&##'$.#$&$.'#&'#'$.#2#%#'
/$=''&G''##,G/,'3&,.'B$&
6;

           
  
  
 
           

  .'&  F0$'#  '  $)& L  #$,'& -,   #' $--'  ,/0
#(.'-'B''.'#'#(-#&.-,&0#B
/#.'##G&I/0#J&$&G.#$-G-,'/
$.'$,&#'.''-####GD:0''
$ E&D:0,'E&##&'=####'&$&- &
B'#'#.3& -'C,$'/0.''$.#,

  #'  -  G  -C  -$&  '      #  '  ')  '.
'$#'.'G#'$#'&.#.'G'./'G&D./0E
-$$$'&D./0C/$.#''$.)'E$&
'C$#$3'#''H',#G'##G'$3F
)&#'''&..'#CB-,/$,G(
'    .    '#  '  ,    1$  #'  #'    ,%  DL  '  '=  $B#F'E&
1$,''B&  (      (    G )   ""
)   "". #
 ',#$#/-C.& % 
   ,%&D:0E&###$##C#& ,&,$',&#G#3
#'.$'.=3''     "      .8    4 
  .'-4    
  ...I:0'J&#G#'#'.=B'9-   
-    2 ...              ... 9-   :  
 
    5...O'.'&.'3 
  2 ...
#3  .'  #  F$.#  #  -B&    1.'  B  -C    $='  .'
($%'&'#'#$.''.#G3&#C3%$
B,G3&.''#K##$')#&D &$
$E& $)'.#

69

           
  
  
 
           

    
'B##($###$C.&$'C
#..#F&'##%'3G##/###3''&$'
',$'##'&'/1.$/B$3'G'#'
-#0.#'.$'''&F#,%&,'..#&
7#.$,%/F0#, #33I- #C&G=##J&.#
#' ''3C&    
      -%  
   ...:,$$&.',&$.'#&'$'.'''#3
BG.#/#'/'F'##3KCH##/'$'$
G3'&D/0,.3'B#-E&/#B '&
$C/'#, '&/#,#,',&D/0&'
3.' 3#'E2G''&'''$$'&
#'$#GG&D'''--'E& $'/(-#&#
,3%%&'$''3.'.D/0'$.#
E#(-$&/' 3#' GR'R'BB'E&D:0B#/$
'E&#'3$#'G'&#'.'##'%#'$#'F0F#GB$
,.

'  '##%'  &  /C      )'            
,-  #'  '='     .  '  $'&   B    &   '  3'
'.C''''-'/#',#$.$#K$&#('
3$F,,'-##B'G.$C'&#(-
$#0'0#'$C'&')C''.#'#$#.'-'
/,,'$'G'$$,F#.&'$='$.#'
.&''.#'$'')#'#(-#&$$/##&#G#/
'.''&$$=/$##&F.(#&,,#C/$
#,&C)'G'0#&$'/.#%''
&''C.$G'$##/##%3#('&##
%G#$#G$#%I($'-CFC7J#''
3.#'F

#'F'G'/''#'F'.'.#&''C
''&  D:0  '.'&  %'    $.#)'E&  &  D/0  -&  ./0  $  3#.  'CE&
$''''&D'E&L/0'0&3'-G'&I:0
.'#J-C#'&'&#'.''-C''''#.'G#3
$.F  #' -'  #  .'##&    ,%  # C    $.# #' )     $3  
$G-C#'1'-'3F#B#.'## '$-%
')'G#'3C&C/##&/0'&B#3''#/&'#,C#'
-''& #C&$&'$.&'$F'$&%
B&$GB&$''.&#3#3&/#,*'#&
    '    G  .  ',  F    '  F&  #  -$  /  #    #  $
.B$  '  $.  '     #$.)&  .# #& #3&.   G  
$&C$$''       
     5 ... 
($  '  #  $  /    .  '      '  .'&  -  G&  B$    '
'#&D($-'E&$'$$.3'-# #C-'/'.'#
./#'$G''&F=##''',C&'
'#'.#

'#./)# 3&##'.''.#C'&
.'3##' #.$/B$0')#'&#'###3)#''
65

           
  
  
 
           

.CR--'&,'C.#G/%##3M 33G'-
3'3'&.B',/'#''#%',
I'##'G,'$$J&,GG#'#''
/',C$'&I(J& $C$3)'&%.#'F'&#.#
##B$&,.C#&.$='/%B'#'3C&#
  ##%   #''C#'&  #.$'.  #& =#& D/0$/
.E&1.'#3'%&DL/0#'---E&,#3#.#
G''B1&=01&%'''3'&'B#G'B&'3BC&
I##3&#JD/0E&'G,%&F#$.&@-$'G#
3''.'&C(-&$K3'#(-G,.'
'3N$.&###3B#$1''.'B',&2G
$'B',&'/F#M$&,.'/$'.C'/#'&*'&
'''$&#''####3#%'$'GC$'.
'$'#(-&'.'#$& 0'#/$.).
''3N&D,E& #& #&-%###3&D#E&
:0#$.&.'&.#.#(-G3B%#.&'
.''#3'''&F###3& ##'#'$.#'$'&#''&#'
$$'&D,')E& $C$,')&###3$''''
'''&7'.&AG$=''G'G-C#'K#$''
$''&D'/'$,CE,#$'D/0.3E
')&#'/''#'C'#''.''(7'&D'
'37'E&C&DE&-C&''$$.&/C''$'%
B%&#$-C&DE&,B$3'&D(=#E&#'=H
IAG(-J&F,3$13'#.&D:0&#,E&'#,
%&#.'&#,&/C#$.##3&#G&F,&Q#& 
  
F%/#(-'##,#%'/'#'##&
,1$##3#'#'B$.3F#,##'-BF&
,/'#'.C'#B/'.##.''
')#'#B#$G###3&.,#-%-#&#
'.B&AG/#'$0#3'&''&#'-$3'&
#'F'G#'F'&/C''G#$F'##,='##$&'#3,%
B$,'&.'.&'='.'G'#'&:0#
1)&$#,%&D/0-#'E&#'/##3.#'-'G'3#'
.'&'.#&'$''G#FC,#',&',-C
'--#'CD/0.#'EDE&-'&-$BC&
'3#1/'/,&D2'E&(#/&#','''3'
=.&    #'  3'  #  &  ##'  $  .##'  33'  G #'   /C  '  $G  -/'&
$3C#'/%>0#3&.####'#'>'#'H
D=#2C=E&2$='#F'

#,#,&#(-G#,##%$'##,''G''.#
($')B#3.$'G'&$.%''.-/
,##' 'C/''37'&$.& 'C'&DL'
E&,3&'C/0&DL-/0-3E&#.3',%&
#&D(=B#K#$,%/#,'E&D/0.3E&('-F#
-3&#.&''''BC'G'#%'&D(=B#K#$,%/
,'#$7'E&,$./'-C$F#&'.-
&'0#'&##'.'&I'-F#-3J&G'G37'G-
$'/'B3&#,#.'#.#.-G#$.F#.&2'
-3$3NG&B'#'''G-,''/0&D,
')&,E& ,%''B&'/F#,%&L.#/,0''
'K.#'& '  /0   $&  33 #  (-& C& /0   $& -%   #  ##3&
66

           
  
  
 
           

')'#K/.-$&.-.&.#,'#-F#
-3/'''-3&#(-#.I(''&-F.-
$J&%'B'&#$=',#.'B0&'##'.)'&,'
')/''.F'',#.$&#(-'=$&'.#&
D:0 (-E& 7'&  I   $J&  7'  '=   #'  '''& K '    .- '.C&
7'$.$&##$ #&'.''#'&2'-3
$&  3NG&  '='  #  .    ''    B&    $&  #      
-#.&D#-E&.3#(-&C&D/0#,,CE&##.&D##
.EL'G##.GF$=''./,,##C&''.CG/C#''.C''-3&
D:0#'FE&'1'&%#.'.& -#&#(-##$G
G'$G#.'@,%#.-'3'##3&.-#&
''.C#&,$.)>'3#,3#.#'$#&C
#,&'C&'.0''

6<

           
  
  
 
           

  
#3' ##.$/-%B##$C7:,'
.#-$3'#'.'$'$G..'.,&#'
3##.'.%$$'HD'/'##.E&#
'&GB&.'#.B/#-$',&DLK$'='E&='
$'&#..=/##G#F$&$FB.'#& G(-#&
D.'/0F'&/0'E&-C3#'-&2$'%#''&.'
/''

@-'.0''B#'@3&/#'-.'
#BF&#'F,%'C'.#FC&-G
'''@&$'3,#$3F#'&#$'#3'#
$/3#.,G/$'#&$#B#'
G&  D:0E&  ''= #' / ' , / $'&  -C $' 
.#$'&C/-C'/'3B$#&'3NG
#'#$&D./0#'#,$E@'3K'/
&#3'3#H#///$,GB##'#
$$3@3,'C#&#3#/C&0$'#3'&'
,&/'/#'#,$'''F'#
3    #&    '    '  '  #  ,G    'H  '  -  ,  /C  '  ./  3
'''###/.#$&D/00'''E&'$
3&#&#$.$F##--'./#'33''
23'..''''#'GG.$C''.'/$-30#H
$=''3##&'G'3/'$F''3
*#/.#'&.'=B$'/'-G.'.
#'F#'&',',#''#'##$&DL$
$3E&0#.-$3&$.'3&#'#'G#,#/3#=#
$#$.&.G/'''&#K/#.'' 3&(
'.& #& .- $,3$$'& 'G$& 
3'F,1.$'.-&G'#/'--&
3/#$'$'B#3/#'3'''H#'#3''
##'$.''$#(#G7G&DL'/0E&'/
.'#'#'G#'$)'.''&#,%'#K/.&.'&
K'#

FC'3#'.-#F,#3B#$##F#G,
$''.'''B$####&#-$B&
3%.'&$$''G'BG$#%%/
B      #$#  /    '  C  D   '    #      '  $3E&
3&      3  '  %  #  3  D'=  '3E  '    '  '  #'
.#$'G#'$='#',''#,'.=F'D/0#E&
$3'$GBC#3##3&G$='''''./##3'#'=
    -G    #G  /  .F    #'  '''&    /  '  .  .  .  #3  #
''$#'&G,$'=##.-B#'.''#68&D'
/,E& -C'=###&''='#,.#,C.#C&#3'#,&
.'#.D '#'$3E&&'#B#.#$
$C&.'0/#'&'.$--/#K/''.'&$='
.''C''''&'#.'&#$'/   #B
,''$.#&#/'-'#'-'*3#B1&.0##
$.G#-#$H#GF$='''.''##'&'#'
68

           
  
  
 
           

-,1.&DL#'$.#'E&,#F#'#3KC#(-&
###,'',,C&$C/#.'#&D '$3'#
.'E&&.3G-C/'/'#.''$3'#&
'3#&DL#'#'E&L#F&3&'#/
$3'##C''&#3'''&D/0'E&G3&
3-$#&D$='E&D:0'KE&'#./''&.'
'/0$,.3&'C.'/0$1.3&D:'$$3#
#E&='$'&DL/$#3(-#='G##''E&'
'&  >&  $0  F  .    3  (,F#  :&  D#  E&  DL  /0  E&
$='$$@3&''C&D'$3'GF.@3E&&#3/'
.'&,G./$3)&'%#,G'.'3).$C'=
$=''##&D' .E& 'C'

&#G'3##&'/-%,F.G$ G
/#.30+.#$,##F#3'&###%&
..'.-C&#$#,'&''/'3#''&.$='H
'#-,,')#-/'' ' .#&I -J&D$E'#K
$1/-$#>F>#&''$3'G$'#&G#/#
,-B'GG&'$'$F@3&AG'$3&,G'##B$#&.
$)0 3$##3#'$'&B&/C./.3#
#0B&'& '###$G-####'.'#3

#3'#'#B1-C$#''3'##
.-C7#.###3'#-&'=$.&$
C#(-H##&/'.#-C.-&$#3'.$'#,#&
/#B#,/F#.#.&F$'$3&'$'/
-=$-'/##''##3#'HG$#)#B,
./C,/'''$3''G ,3#&,#&.#,''
''B'#3'&D'''E&='$'&G(-#&D/0E&D/0'E&
F-&-.&#3#3&##'F'&
G.'$$B'&#(-##.$'''
'#$'$'3K#'$',''','#.B&.#
.$,%/'C#3/',##'3' -&
G,&3N'&.''G$.%& .'#.&D''/.3'
'  #3F'E&  'C  '  '&  D  'E   ,  '  '  '&      #  ,3  
*#.G&D0''' ' E& 'C'&@'#,&#F&####''
#''$G''G'=$G3'&=/$'/0.3#'&$=''
'3#.&DL''.##,&/0E&LF&''='
G&/.B,&//'& $..=#3/'G'&K''
$ '  '$&. '-  ,/0  '&'=
3&$###$'K&'',/3&''#.$C#(-G
$,,/,'0&'0&.G/'$'&'#./
'#3$3$-$G#'#G&'./''$'$H
B$'',/0G&/.#&'$$
'&#..=/#3',3&&.'#3.$0$
/#,'$#&'&',F#0.#3#G&,#'
,'$.)'$-$$C&'B$/,3%$.
13#'3#''''&/,,3,',''&/#
    #&  D K  /0  .''E&    '0&  $  #    -  $.  #$    $
-$&    '  ##&  .&  D/0  -3E    '  $  -    #&    F#    #'  .#'
FC$3#$-$''&3'3)G.'/,#C#.&
/  #  (-    'C&  .&  D$  #    #'  ''  /  ''  'B%'  'C
64

           
  
  
 
           

##$'.E.&#..#',&D/0'C-E
3.'$/##'#%'# '

>CB03##'&#'#B$#'''-'D:,'
'E&.3##&D:0FE>#&D$.E&'&''C&D,E&D/'
$-E& #3& #3&'#'-$''''&D./0#,E&'#&
D($-$//Y#3Y'.$$$E&($F3
0'##,&#,#&'='G'&-G'##G'
'&#/./..&@3#$C'&='$'&/'''G&G
#B#$$.&#G$/'$G3.&D'BE&
D/0E&#&&3&$&L'$'##'./K$'
.='#',/$& -&'.&/'.0/''
..$&D(=#..$E 3,0')'&$$F$3G'=&
$$3'=.'G#$F#/'$.',$$$#-3&
L$0#B3&DE&&D3E&3C'$'&'''
#3'  .  -  '  C#&  $='    .  '#&    '#  '  .'    .&  C
7  -% # $'$ G / B  B& $G&  C'$'&  G# '  #
$F##FC'C/0'&3#'''B'#'$F'&'
'C./)D:0E'$''''$-.G#'#'&.-
'$.,.#$3/&D '/#,'E&C7
'#-,F%/''3#':0&#$#-C
$$

<!

           
  
  
 
           

  

3''/C&F###3H>'3#C0 '#.#$'
F'      #&  3      B''&  B$''&  %'H  #'  B#'      #'
#C'& #' #C'   #' $.''  G #' $.'' ' #'H  #' F'  '  3= 
.#%G1.$'$#&D-'$$#/'E #'F.''#'&#'3'
$='/#'$#3$&G$.#$$B'$0$
$#/'

,''C$#&-C.''C'#B$CG'''3
##H'''.,'###3'.#3'#.'##
.'$'&#'3''G''&(',$'#3'
'$'  ,2#%#& #F   G-,'& / ' ,$'&F '  .
#&G#''3###3D($-'..-E&:0#')
3)&3#$#$$'=#CB& B'-3
.-&$'KC'='$='.&  :     2      
         5 3&C'='.&$='B#$-'H
2#%#  .K#  /    3    $.&  3    ')  3    )&  ##'  '=
.''&,'.B#''..#&Z#$$'='.
.'& 3)#'.'G'###,&3K#''/##,'''&(=##&3
###3-#'&%./).#''C'.
#C#'B'..'%'&'/$'',C#%.
##3& 3)#$.F..##&D:0E&B.)%
/#''##&(G&','.#&#-$&'/
$#F'G#'3#.'-F'&B,&$.3&'.#&.
1.$#1)''/$&C$''-$' '
.#G/''##)='#G#.#&$F'G')'&#,C,'
'$.#B#.'0#G#'3C&#BC'3GB$&#BC''#'G#
'&#BC'.G#& GR''R'BB'E3$.
.'###3G.C,''$,0''.&#''
1&###C#/&.#,C-$'&##3'##B$G
'F#3''G#C$#&G.C,#'.'''''G#'
.%'  $'  G    ,##  .K  #3    -'&  C  #  ,  .#  G  0#  '  C  G
'$#3'G##'C'FB$&'.0'#$'
-.0$#C/'#/#'&#3$#'#'#'
.'&  >  '&  $$  A1&  $  '&  G  '  ''  G  '.    
$B'.##3G'.##

#3#-G,#,&'-##,$'B')&
D('%E&C&-C.##''.''/0#'&D$
/$''''GE B$#%& -&$3'&B$G#-#
-$ # & #F'1/'' ##&'=$#&D-E& D'E&#
=3#& G>-#&D.''/,GE&.'&I/0,''
KJ&3##'#/'G$='#''#-##')'&DLE&#$''$&
''.,'&G$$.3'#'$F'/0'/0-3'.'.
H  D' # F##& #' #(.E& C&  #%& $0&'  -
$&'#'.''-$K##&'##'##B'
$0#1  G  &  '    '3  '  'K.#'  ,  .'    #  ,F&  .&    
.'H.&'$'&'C''.0'##@(.,'
'/'-C#3##'&$''#$3'3
'H.C%.#'.'''BF&#3'G#
<

           
  
  
 
           

'-'.#%##B$DL'#E&#$'  %    D'


GE&,B$&A#.)'&F'G.,''&.-3##'-&'0
./0.$'&'##3,G#F#.3'3##&
,'.C&'.#$'$.)1.#''.#& '='
.3#.'$'#&D/0$E&#$$&
'.&#'#,F&#CG.C'.&#''.'&
DL'#,/$3''$'&>-#E&(/'G'.C&D'.CKE
.'&/&D./0EL.'-3&#&'G'3&
''##&D/0'.-$/B'G/',
'0''''E&=#/&#/##'F',''$& ..3
#3&3#$.'/'$#,$.'G/G&'BC
'.#C' $& -$' .'''#&7&##$& #
''  '3  #  B      -#  /  #  '  #  '  C    .##
'%&  BF#'&  '#'  G ##'  #'  / $  '.0'  #  G&  ,  '  #  
$F&DFE&/,#-3''BF#'G-'
,& .$'/''$#'$#3H$#,&#(-&>'3'
3$#&'''HK$'B&/-$&'#3'.&
  ''  -'  C'  '      B$#    -=    '.    '  3'&      #
=3##'>$'B'=&D/0'E&#//C-G)'&'#
$''/.#/'##'&..&$/#'#'
.3'''$3'&/,,&F&/0#'-G&C#/
&'F#,%&/.',''&D:0.E'C3'G
.3C$'&B#C$'#3'./''.-&:#3$='&//'
-'#'$C'&30'$#'B'/$/&D(=#'B'E&@ 'G$C&
')C'='&#'-C'##/ ' .#
$&'CF3#.'7&#3)F&$
''B'G$#''&#3$#-#&A#>-#&D/0#&-E'3'
# .$ B$&  3 $'$&D$#,' 7E&LC /' #
0$',%FB&.''.'.&D#F$'E&'='G
.->-#&'/G.$'$F&'/G'#'''&D#-=
)E&I:0$#'J&$#,%&D@'E& MG7&F'.'#H'
G&K./#$#'&C$$&')'#'$3&
)$.3#3'&##C&:.$&.C'#
&#/..-&'..$$&,',#
.## $='&#-C-'.&.,'&'-$'&$.
.C'&D:0.'C 'E&'.'&$='&F#,%&2$'&'BC&#
,7$.#&'G/$&.$&$3'&D.$CE&
$&D###3'3-#1''E&C&(%B&...'&
''=#&$/'-&D:03#.3-E&#(-G%&(C
##'&G,3$'&D>'3''=/''E&C&'#.$#/
'.#

#C'3 3)'.#. #$='.'/&


2#%#B$/C&G#$'$H,'.'&'#,.'
#$.>'3&F,C3''#$'&&F&G-G
3)#$.),B$&D/0E&/'#3&G3
FB    &  G  #  '  '.  '  $'H  ,  'BC&  #'  #'  
'.#'&.'-C.GC'-##$='&D 'C/'3
 7'E&  .3>'3&,B$&'$)F  .
/G #F3&,.''.& ''.$'/#
-CB##$%#=FK'
(-&$B3&/'##.&/''$C&/'$G
<

           
  
  
 
           

#3&'C-#'($.&-G$'F'/#%
'B&'#/''#'''3'G''&.K&
/'B#F&'##M$&/'''.C&G$$..#/
.'#, %&, ''C#$.#' .3# . ''$3'& D:0'.'E& #
.$#,%&D/', 'E&D('/$F'#''3#//E&A%
#.''.3'G#'='>'3G%-C'',
$C3KF$-.F&$.&''3'..##&,',$
.#$##$&')'/'.%$$#''G'
.-'&D/0##$.'#3%EL#3/'##$G&I
.'-'J>'3&##$'$&C.2G'
''$.&',$'#

'#3 ',/,'$&.',&'%&'
#.-C&D '#$')B'='..=E
''=)&'='-$&#..='$&$#3##C/
$& '.,$'B$#&)& $'/
,#,(-#&3'$' '&C&.#(-#''#&
-'$'&###3'3'&,'$,&'=$G#'
..'&G'/#'$1''$'','B''
/#$##B#G#3$&,'#''F'3G
''##'#%'0#.'3/'##'&&,#
$.F'01&K'$G0# %$'('.#'B1-%
K#$  G  ''.  'B%&  A'  /C  ##3'&  .#  &  3  >'3  /  -C
3'.$='$'&###3'#'.'G'&QG$,#,'#
$.G#',',$3&###3'3C'.C&,'.3&
'&'#3/#%#,GB>'3#

AC  ##,    #  -&  #'  $'/'  B'&  D($  '    K  ,,C'E
>'3'.3#,'/       >&#C-,G'=##
,3&#,$,C#.&.#$0'&#'''##.#%
'3#'&#'&.#'G=#&$.#-G=#&'-C
''''&$''$GB'&-C'$'.'&D '$FE&M$
>$&DGKE& $0&'##$ ' .#&'$3'&'##M$&:-3'
$'& ,'#')##,&D')'-E&C&$GB&/##3-$
''&/$$G##'0#&#'.'3C&.$'$
.C-D K%'E&G,%&$C$$3/&
L$0$'$3'&.#/$=''3'.'&-G.'$
'G#C.'##&D '$3''-E&C&''3# F#G 
(3-&:0.##''&C3'&/B3,G%..#H
C$'%GB#-'&DGKE&(.'&D(-E&&#$&D($
#''E&'C3''$'#'''$.&/$',&'
(-#$0

(#.''3'#FC ###3#'C#G'C#
.#B&)%    "        %    %  
        . #&>'3#-C1.####'
$,'    #  'B%H  #  .  /  B  .&  :  ''  $.)'  $C  .
/0#C/,&.%G#(-F#3#
'0''.$#(-#-%''$'/.'.
D(='M#$'$E&D(='$='.CED'M#$'/
&  .  /0    #'  E&  D:0  .'    #  '#    $-E  ,  /C
$'&  .  '    $  #  ##3&  >'3  #C  $'    #    1$    #
<;

           
  
  
 
           

-&'C/'3'&'#$& 3'##&'#
,3#

@C'.0'$C-.3&###3F3'GB'' 
    %  . #,&>'3,#,'#.&D'$'$#C
#/C#$.E&D''/'FE .'.'#$G#.,
###3&$C,3##&#/.''$'#',&&3,3#&
'$'.#.$'2GF'#F&'####3'
##3&,G-.=3''&')'''$'%

3)#','.#(#$F$'G#$#.'&#
$F'=$%G#$#/.'H2#%#&','&'$$$=&
.',&A/#,H#$F$F##'-&%'&'F
:.-&G&###3#'#'K#$'/',#&
D'='G#.E&,'/'##'/'/#'.$0&L
B) 3)2#%#'3K$& #,%#$/,&')#'.
#&D K'E&:'/0-''3&'$,&/','&
D:0#''3)E 3),'##/$#..#&D(=#
..#E&#//''B$&'G-&#%#,%###3&''$$$='&
$'.'.'G'-'&'$&$,G#3$#$#
( '/#3.$.#&)#'B-'#.G',%
#&M&G-'3&I'J&3>'3&-#&$$
3)&=.&#B$C&,'3'#)

 3'.'#''##'&'$'#3%.'&
$    #'  $'-'  '  B#'&  '#%  '  .  #&    '=  $&  
&D K'G&#/#'3'E&D#/$,'.'E,
'&'#.'//#.'C$'&D:0'E&G3&-
&D-E&D3E&@$3G$.'&D:0$3E&'
FC&D#(-#E&'=,&##B$='$
'='F&D=','-E& '&('&,G$#'
.''$'./.'''& F#=&$$.)'=#&-#G$-
','&D'E& -'#.&',#%&$3'&
'/##30'-$&&G'K''C#,''$='#/
0#&#'#$'F='',''#%&#$'&
DL#..#/$$/0CE&.'''''&.G$.&
-0$#D$B/,E,##.&#G#
.0'#'#''3'&-$' 3)G$,#,
  3#.&  D:0  '  3    )E  #  /  $  F&  ')  $    $%  G  #'
3##'/'G'.C&'='F'B3'&.$',G$.&D#3
$='E&###3'=#&#/'=&#/'=GF'/'/&
/$',3#&A%$/''&$'')'0B#
'/3&G0#3$'/3'&D.
B,E&/'&D'/#%G'-F&'=.''E&#%G
#'#'.''G'=#'&$,'#&'3.
=B3'&#M#'$3$./.,F&.'&DL
'=/CE&#'$F'&D/'$#E&&/G-C
,,'K#$-G/0#'CB# '

3#'$'$CC.#3 #'.'-'-##3'
#%'3.#%'#FB''&($# &G
,,C-#FB'B#%/'#.'3'
<9

           
  
  
 
           

,.'.%'#3##&1.#&#/'--'#
(-#&G#/#-CF$$$&'$#&
DE&-3#&'$.'B&$=''G3N&D'/0
$#G'E,&#-$#/$'&G$.C0#/0
-3'&'.'#&3B/''$G&($#,G
'$&'$.#G$-$..=&'GK#&'.'3
/($# $,#''$'@C'.0'&#'$'
'#(-G#''#'#,%&,'$#''$'
'3  #    '0'  #  B  '&    #  /.    &    ./)
B3'&.###0&3&G -G&' ' .#
'B#(-#&.'($.#-$#FC##.
'3GB#/'-','#'G..$,%$-'C''3
$.'#

<5

           
  
  
 
           

  
##$'=&FC7&3/'#
#  3  /  #  $  .  .F  #  G&    #'  $C'  '$.  '  -
'$&#%'#G#3#$& G$G'0&'.##'G
/#$#.&#,%.#'3%&##.'/.CB#
.'&'$0.F/#&/'.'.##1#$
#GG'&.F/C''.GF'.F'&D
.E&D/0-#'##'E:,$)#'&-'#'&D/0
'##'$#3E& 'CC$..='B#(-&.&D',
/#(-','C$FE&L/0'0&D/0FE&G0&/'..=$/#
-C'/,'3&(-#&.'& -,/
F'#*/C'

2$'#,&/.#',#'&D('#,E&2'$
$-''&DGKE&(#/&G'&#,3&D./0,G
#,E& /'$G$#3'')/'$# =3#'
G  '  $.#  $G  /    #  .    ##3  #'  .'&    #  G  &
#,  &  '  $&    #3 '-  '  3$    .$  G  .  /  
'G.##&'=,'=$&#''/#'3-'.'#3&'
'$#3&D-.'#,#'-G#E&'$
#F0#''&@$#3''&#3.'&/'-,,&/
B$'.&#'$#3'/,'3''&D.A
''E&#,'C&0##'.#C'$&#'=B3'''#,&-'#'.#$'
$'''#,&D''/'$.##.-'E&D/0E

.##'/.C-$33&F
)    #       :  #  3  &  '#C&  '  -&  &  $.
,#'&  $'    B#'&  1,'    3$    '  #'  -C  '##'    '
'&B3BC'&'#G'3$G1,'B$#
  $##'  '    -,    '  .'  .    3  '    G'  /
.'-$')'&#3'$#
B&.#3GF'-'

C7F'.F,'/'$#'&#,-'G
%,.C'#(-#,#'.#',F'#%'&
.#'/B#G#'./,'##&$B,'$3&
=$#,&$'&(-3$$'3#$'
'$'$-

$'  '.0'    #  .'&  #  .  #  3  /#$&


D:'#E&#1-C 6   (B#'&L#,&'-
'&D/03'#''E&-$'C'&'$K'-$'&
DL3'''E/$0'.)&
..#&
'0.'&$='#'&$'&DG'E&#&:0.
$'&D K'3' '0 '0E&='$'

(%#.A#3.'##3#-'.#,#'
.##/',#=BD:0.'&B#E&&##-'.#@-$
B$#-#C $%#G''$3'##3.$#D/0.'
'E&#$#&D2'#/##,3E&AG'//'#'&
<6

           
  
  
 
           

'B&./####&DL/0'/-###E&##
''&$$$=.'/-G$3#%&D''$#(#=E
(-3-& 3/''.'&$#=B'=#%.,-
.  3#  ''  ''&    '  B&  #  3  $#    '3&  'B
'$&3$#1'&.'#(-&/'#,#
GB='#%&D./0E&DK'/#%#3'FE-#3N,'&
'C#',''#,#'B$&D,'$.%#(-E&='$'

,#/&B'/C.'CB#&0#.'/##
$'#$3/'..#$#'1$.)'#(-&
3#'&*#FG*&#G#7&.#$
  ',  '#'  '  B  .    #  'C  /    '  ''&  D$  '  ##$  #
BE&*#&'./&C7#'&'#$'B&
# ..-.F3 #,%&,' (-# (-#& DG/0-E&
$''=' 3#'&(#&B$$1&=''
$#&@.%#&DG$#'EL'0&F/G#3&'.0'
','C'###/$='1)'#$&'C/''
B.'$.%#&-#'&'&3'&-$-3'&'C'
(-##.%#&D'CE&&D/0E&DL='#B-E&7#.&B,
,G'#,$,'&'.'#&G$'3'B3#
##$&G.'$#'$''&$#$.'/
-G/#'3&,',C'/CBH'/$'K'0'
'=#.%#&##$&##G03&'',$''/C
.  F'&  13  #  #  #  G&  ./  ,$'    ,&  $  $$=  '=  
#D:0#CE&D/0#-#E&D./0'$.'CE#'K#$'C'
,#$##,#,''.$&'C/$$#
3,,&D($'=E&73&/#-3-&/'=B#G
'B&  &    #  ,#  ',  $G  '.&  '  ,C  '  B&  '  /
.$-#(-& '''-F,#&-$'','G&$='
##'&.$'3/#$3.$'#&D,'E$$=',
.B#%&DG/0&#.'E&'=-##-&.'#..#$ 
#$F'#.&,#,.####3&D,''E$-
/,'##&D,E0F$,&#.#.%##'.'&
#'$'&#'$'$.)C&#'.F'&/,'#''&#'.-'&
#'$''G''-F'H#&-'#.3'&,'.%#'##&
.'

#/'#-C$##'$F'=#&.'
,($.$*#&$$F'$D:0-3
3E& ,&'#&.3K##,

<<

           
  
  
 
           

 

 #'  ''   #  $)  '-  #  '=#    $   B$'    $  
B$'C./0.'#'&.$.#1.#'3
#$.#'.'G''$''$.)'H$=''-##'.'#'
#$)

''$'''C& ''$3'.&F'M$&.
.'#&//##B$='##,.'#',#','##
B'.''&-'.''#G'B$#'#''
#.#&B#'$''G''/'C#',''B$#'
#  .'    #'  '    3)'&  $'  G  #'    '-  '  $  .  
#$&.'/#,%.','3'D/0$.E&#.
$'&/'#B%&,.3'&/'&$='
.3.# '&''&-'G=&#G'&D$.
#,.GE&3#%&D'$E&,3#$'$$G,#,
'#&:0B-&'#G#-##&$'.##''
'  '  3  '  '  /  ,'  ($  #  .$  /      #
B3G'='&'###3&/'$C$='$#'./C'
/#'$'-#-$3',''G#$.'''3
3##.#'#C3'&I:03'3FJ&B#%&&
$F$&'$- #'-.''#3#.$#/'
  .  B&  D  .E  ,  '-    D:0E&      -$  #&
'&$''BF&./)$#&.C#%''M#'.'
G  '    -    '  >'  C'  -  G&  ,  .3  #  3&  G 0'
'.%&$='$#=.G$$#.'#&2$'
,,F'.,#'&,G''3'.#'&D/0#-''E&.'#$#
#'$'&,$.C&D $#(-#E&'&$FB&$
$#.'#'&@',.'#'&''.#'F'#$'&
D/0  #  '  'G$'E&    #  B3&  '    .=&  #B  #  ,%&  $'  /
')#'$#'&3-$&'.#F/'=C$&-#
C.#'#.'$.-&D'' #E&&'G#
23#&/'=H ,&1.#C/$D($/#$E&D#$.''#.
$E&@3#'3B&L'/'#&D.E&(#&'/.'&#'
-'$.B''.&$='$,'&G''$,'$$.-G
.#$&#=.'./'#--'G#$.%3##B'&@''
-&D:0E& B&'-'FB&:0#&D/0E&'&'&D($.#
(-##3'E&(##.

$$)#B','#=.&/$''
FF&$.#$.0'.-'-##&-C
#&',##%#G,C&#F&'/#'##F&.,
'###'$#'B'CG'''@''F30'#3
#3C'.&'-## #B$###G$
''$'(#--C'/##,CB''G'&''
-####'.'/'.3C#'#F-$#=$
.#$&F',#'F3'G''$.'&D($#'
.3'E&'&D=#'#-'E&'&'B=#'.#&A'
.#&$$'& $C$.3.F3&&#F3'$.-
'3& '&/0$'',''$F&$0&#.#$
'/-#$-#.'&'#&D/0#&-E& ''
<8

           
  
  
 
           

'&'#3B&3G'&D/0-#''CE&3#,&G
##C'0./0' ',''$'#'/##
  #'  '.'  '    #  K#$  -$  #  /  '.      #  
('&#-$#-$/-C$$'G''..C'$'
.(-#&'-C/#'$.'G-C#&>
/$=',#'/$$'.#&('$0#$.
,  '    '.  / #      #      '#  ,      .'  &
#/G$#''#,$'#.-&$#,%& $'/$#
.  '.'  %  / . # G, .,- .3'  '
'.#B''#=.&/'#C'#&
3&$-3'&,C'$'$,$'$'G$
3'##&'/#,$G/''.#&$F
.-$.'#3$G'&$#,$-0.')G-.
'.$./'')$F& #&.$$F#/&&
'$&D')E&C&/$'&L,'')#$C&'=$'
-$3'&'CG$'&#'$3'$'C'''%'&##$
-.#.#&/#C##$#&$#$C#G'.0&D #3,%##$
'-##'.'E&:0.'&#/&.$'.##'$'&
')#'.&DB$E&3##'D(=#''F#'E&,'
''$&,%&#.'#.$,%&D(/,#'.''
'#'$'$'E&(%#3'/$.$&#'-')'/G'
'$H3&'''D./0#$3-E&D/0&'#'
#'/#/0E&'/##30'$-3#.&D#.'#-
/CE&D:0E&C.'&#')& -'C&D'/0#.3E#.#'$'
#'C&'#.$#'''/,$#&GC/'$&
/.B%'H.#BF#'$G&.%'&'-#
./CG##'#-$&IT$J&#/'.-3$$'H$
D'#.$,%/E'%$='.'BH/C'=#$='.#
'#.#G#$='##'#$'&'.'###&G&
##3&./$'='.#''&'$#&G.'3/&'
-%##$''BFG$'',/'.)'&$
#M$' 0''.#,'3.'G#'''
.& $','$G3##'-3'#/'/0-&#'$##
,%&,'.#.'.,#,#&#3#& -$
-3    -  -&  #  F    '  M$&  $&    '  ./0  -#$  'CH
0#,3%'$3'=/C'.#3&D'E'#'
/#''=#,%C%.CF&D:0-C##C&
/0$CE'('%3&#'-C$.#&'C/0#
C.##,3%&.'#''F'('#-#
(-#'#L/'=$&'./0$#H.,
'.,#C$='/-$@.'#.##$&
$& 'C$3''=B=#&##3$'&G#,='H#=.'=#
'''G$&.'###B&.''#$G
3'.#'M$C%&'.'&''$#'$'G
'' #'#'.# / '3 'B$' '.0'$$ '
$'#$#=.#G$G'#',#'F'G##
'.&$.#,'&#3'#/C/-&.'#3&DC'
/'-#$K'E13'M$& ' .# 2.

($.#C-C'-$#.$,''$3&#
,' 3#'-CB$/#(-#.'C,#',&/G$C
.&'$'$G$.'/''#&/CB$#D/0#'#
<4

           
  
  
 
           

(-###3'$G''-$'E&DE.$,%/',##&
,3'.'#3##%&C#3D:0.'$.E'.0'&
#K#$%-C/#'

$GC#'.''3''B$#'#'/##&#K#$0
.#','' /,'$C3'''B$#&#=.#.-
/#L'0.$FB&,/'1.3'
'3'$GC#'B$#'''####'$''&##C
'''$'#'G$F'G)'%#''H'&#'$=''''&'
'''.F'G''##C#'',GC.#'
'C&$'F'M$&#.C','&'C#
.'##=.G '')'(#B&$.'#,'#'
,%#'# ''.& GR''R'BB'E)
,#'&'#3C #&L.F3''#3&.'C
#$'.G##(-&.C$'$-./(#B#'.&
F'&.'#'3'&D:0#'E&')#
'M$&DAG''##=E&'-G'.'&#(-#'=.3'#
$F3/'.#&/.,F '=$G&'#/'
(#B'=#,3%&G$GF&''#%&$'.#$G#
'3  .'&  '  %    '$    #  .    #  #&  #3        
'-3    #5+<!&'>G#1$#'
,3$'0F30'#&$0,$23
$-F#-3&G=F#&.#%&&FC.'#,&
'/-#'G.'#&'0'.&:#3'.#'')&,
/,3''-$'&'3'$'3/'3=''
-$'&D=''E&($''&'3#'F'
$G0#&$0#.#F##,#/$F'#'$'#$'$
.#&G#$'$B'/#$'$.'H#K/'B#'','H
F'C&F'M$.''&'''./#
,3%  '  ##    ,#,    C&  ,  '  /  '  #  'F  #  ,  #
-$3#$#'$F&''''''#'G'#.'
##GB'&#3.#F&,'C',/'&.#'3'G#'
'  ,  '  '#  #  #  '  (#  $#  >%&  D/0  -  /CE&  D'='
'3E&3'.#&($.#$&#C./'.#.#&
'$3N,&-'#.3'&(##$--$='
(-# '1)/#-$3#$0#.#,'/
B$#' ''.

#..C$C B-C,'3&# '###$')'-C


'#   ' B$#     $'  & . B  # B$# #B1  '  -##   #  ,'
'.#=.'..$,$''.'&..#'
&*'$. -#B#.$%#&D($'=$ -E&D:0
-GE&@$#.'H#3'C7&'.0''C G$F&/03
$3&G#B#'FCD:0$GRB1E&D:0$'/G'&-
E&   '  #  ##$  G  '  $.#&  $  #  M$&  #  B#  *3&  /
,#C#K#$3C#%'.#'#=3$'F&'
$.($###''$#&/#=.#$..#
$)&,#-C/'.$$G/'/##'D/0,$CE&'
'&.H/'#3./C/#(-B.B''G#'#
3##&  /  K  B'  '#'  G    -'  .'&  /  G  B  3  G  ,G    '
.'&B##3-& F''$-&FC& $0B&'$
-#0-& -C&GFA$'G#./.3'&-'P'.F30'#&
8!

           
  
  
 
           

.'/#(-#'#=-&D:0.'.-GE&$-'#$#'#&/K
'0'''B

C7#/#'$.)'#(-'3%$&'C
#F,''3G,C3#'&213#$G'3
.#''''#(-&'.#$.')&/'#$='.&DL$$$=E&
.'#,$','&D/0#,'E&$.#(-#&'G,'#&='&
D./0$B#.E&D:'/'E&='$#&($'&HG&
'C$#/''&CC&$=&D-'#',F'E&-C&$&
'$#'$G#'/3C&D:0#-#$-&
')E&#3#=.&'=/C'$&*'&')($$#(-#F#
,$&D($#'='.'E& -&L'0/-G$'B
.-.3B./$.C.& -'=.B&.'
')$&/F'.-G&-%&I(J 0'3&$'
)&''##&D./0',)E ,C/,&
/'&D3#'/E&$$'.-(-#'3N$G&)$='
'&L'##'##&D/0E&')'=#&
##/''/3'&././##)'G#
#'G'&/''''&'#,B##-F#-3& 3
#,.-G&D/0''')'E&,#'%G$
'#&.'C/0'.&L&3N'&'.&'#3','
.##&DE ',''.#'.''&,'&
#'/F#$#
&D-E&G$0##$#'.'&-
(-#&3'# #,$ G&-G/C'=('&
D($EAC$./#(-#C#'('G'-####'
&'&F$='$3/#'#.C,&#=#
3H'.#'#B./#./#$='-$..3'
$3,G#.&/.,-.,3$&D:0E&D'='#EI#')'&
.-GJ -,#/'/-''0#&$$
..=&##$&,,3./'#C'#&$.#,H
#(-#'F##'##'&'G$$-./F'#&
#,G'3&'',FH(#&F'.#&($#B
'.&-C,$G.H '/&#,'/'
G.-#3&-G/##=../'0.&'=&'
  '# .FGF # ' FD-E&G /'0'  ## G '#3
$%''C&'$G'/-H'.#.##&/
'.'-$' G(-#&DG/0#' 4 6  3;#&$'#
$&,/$.&'#'$'#G-C#B&/
G'-''',F'&D:0.'E&,#&'G.'
'$G''#/'&D'/'E&,'#.#&$G&G,'#
/%/'3##'3G/F#=.'#=#H''/0
#&#&D'/0.'#E&/B,&D:0E&#$='
##'.''&#,.''G'#.'-F& 'C#,#&K
..'&$G$&G#BC$.'##''#.$
&D,'E&#/C',$'=' 3#'&-C'C-#'F3'//'H
.&,G.#%##$#.#'$#&D2F3#'L/'E&:0
,'&.-/.'&C#',./'=#&DL#'3'E& $.&#'
-% B# .-&D  3'.-E& &  .#'=' $'AC
##3#$.F3&'-#'#=.& B&#3#/
'#'-#.#'3'G.#--'#.$#
3(,F#&#(-#FC3%3.'3#'B'C
$-$.#&-B,'&G.''F,-C'/
8

           
  
  
 
           

.#.'##:'&D:0E&'#,&
('&/#-C''#B#$#(-#G-#
$'$ 0#& L#G$#3&'.'$$& $.$ '
',F  'C  /  '  '  #  $='  '      '&    ,'  .''    ,'&
'##&#(-##'3=&,$'''$#'-$'H#'
F'#'#$.3&#3#,#$B'&/,& .&
'.H'$&',#,%&#$G$#'#$#''
.&#=.$.C&'$G&,&-#%H
,''.&3$'#B

#(-#G#=.,##'#$.F3FC
F/''-3$.,'#&13#-,3%'#.'
$$&'&','.3G'###3'-&$
#/$-%#,%&'.,&#'$'#%#$#B&L''
#$.$&/$-B&#F'#.-&//#
.''$--&'G#(-#$.&'$$-$&'/
$#'&'.,&$-$#.$& -G&#
=.'C#1)B3#('&'$3F$='$3/B
,#,C''&.'H'$F/3'&#,'/K
$''.G'/-#'$C&#$##
.$.$.'#&$-$,''-'/#,C##&'
#&$%$D/0'/'=#=./CEL#'
#'.##-#3&/C$=''$''-'$#H
,G'B&#(-#&/.##''&/'
-&DE(''&-%$/#$'F.#
'.'/#,.C#'$'G'''.#'&##-
##3-'/C'./.#0BB&.#$'$,$.-
$3'#'.'G&'-F$G3'
'G3G'C'H#GC'#$&G=#%
#F'#G&.'#'.''$.'#=.&/C
.#'''&,'F'#'.'G2$'$.&#(-#
#.%&-G/.#$='.#$'&'/'=#3G#'$'
-3&'#3''-$'3'#

##C#$.#B3G$#'$'#'&3##
BF#'-,C#.##&'$C/&='''-.'#(-$&'
..'&'B$#''0#H'.2,$',,##
#=3$'H#,,/''''&D:0E&'''
$#'&#&D''E&C&$-3#$'##'&'&
, '.#&L'# $='B,'&$#& ' 'C
'-'.$0'/#3'#..'3,%''$#
$GB#&#-$#'-''#3N&(-#&D$'E#(-
C%&D/0'.C'.$F%'P-EHO#.$&C'
-#&L.'&3'$&GC.&'&,'&$,G
$$'$'&DK-'.#'G'E&#-'&.'#3,%B$/0
$0/0-'&.''&:0.'',&DL$CE&L#''=$&$='
/#.&//''.H=#&#.''$-&#'.'$#
BF#'''/& #F3#'$GF$='B$&D:0'' #FE&
@$/##$' #F3G #F3G/&&.0#
3'''''3B.#H#G&G&$='$'/
##7 #FCHB/'#G$F=#/,C1'&
=#/'$$-='
8

           
  
  
 
           

,#3#3/'$#'$' '3#
(-#  C   ,  #  ,3% G #  1$C   $   &  '  '  $.'3#&
'#,%&$G$=$.H G,&#$.#&
.3''&DG''/#(-#'''E&$=''.#./''
.$&I -J&'&IT-$&$,3N%J&D./0E&''C#&'
$G'##&'#'/##,#$&/& ,',3.C'$&D K$0,'
E&#$'&'$',G##,3K$&$'#/C&GB,'/0
&#(-#/3'3,'HDLE&$',&#B#
.3.##(-&D($'=E&='$'&#'&G'&-#
-#&$'')'$$#''-$'##(-#
''#'$='G#=.'/,3#F#.&G&$$$=.'
BF#'.F0&'#=.&$#(-#H,G##,3K
$&D-(-#E&D:0$&/0FE&')#'.$&#-3''&KK$
'='$3,HI:0=J&FC7& #&G'$-C
#,&F3#&D:0'E& -,',&#B##'#'$'#'G
',#.#='G&DG,'E1#B##'&
.' ' .#S'M 3'=F.$,#$''$'&&
3'&''F''.C'1)###'$'',#,

8;

           
  
  
 
           

  
,'#.####$.#-C$K'G3'-H#'
.''$#'C'G'#,$'G,'#/'##&#3'-'
'/''G,,C,#'#''###$#
$#B''$'#'.,-C.'###'#
  3-&  -'  -&  .  -  '  F  ,  ,3#  $    '  $='
.#3'/,##3'&'$')#'#'''/'
3#.#''3#.#'&#'/&&G.C.3'
.0#&F#,%&''=$=''## ''&''G#
=.#&F'.'&G.''#,F3##$C
#'#'&'##,''-#
 & - $'  ,,C  '& G $K' G,# .' '  .#H
$'-C$$$B&#'/.C'#/'H.
'','&#. #''C'#.$,'&FC#
./'.'#&#'%' 3#''=#'$='
'#'&GB###'%'FC'#'#'&B##(-##/
/'  #  B#  #  B$  #  3  .  '3  #  $'C&  #&  '    '  -
'3'./#')'#7G,3'-'#,'&'
B$=    # . G K .=' '# . $ &D .E& #& 
3.#0#&.#0B#'B$')3&K/$..&
#&'/#$'=#F,'G#1#2#%##C'3&.C
.'$'3#H #')*#''#''#,
,$-$'/''#,.#,C.CB#'.#$'''.#'/
.$#$&,3'H$&#,'#..
#/$'&$-3'''.F'&#,G'./3#'-,'$G
3'&.

,$.'&.B'##G#B%#'$$'&
'-''3'A$'G#G$C'&.##'#C/'3##
$#=.&/#3'##,#&'#$#.#/F$='
.&-'#'/C'$'3''/CF/#$3-C,#,
'#C#,'H'#,%# '.='#.#=.
#F:&/&.,H'B,$G'.#$ '&''$'#
%/'=.''&D$K&,E&G# '&/.,F'C#$.'
',#'#B$./.'#'$##HC%
###=.##'''C/...''#,G,.
#'.''.C#/3G0##3'F#%

'C/$.'#3##F##=.&.#3#C$#
.'#$='B%'*#F-' F&'C/..F3B&G'$.#
#%'$F:/,G''###&##$)#$0#'
(# $##$'.B&'#.',#-C/&G-
''.'.C/#,'&/&'1'& /C'-#/G$&
#''-/#'#B#'##.#F&2''##&##
'3.B,&#'.)%#&D:0E&D,C3'#
E&  (#  $#  .  #,'&  D:'  #    0#  $    $    $
-$E&  $  .  -F    #  -3&  $%    .#&  '  #  #  $    3#
$0B.#.G'='$#'&.-,F$-H(#-%#$3'
'/F&G'-C'$'G'&'/##-/$
3##/#'C'#/'#3#'//
89

           
  
  
 
           

'$F'/'#&$&'C/'#%'##G#$.%'& /C
$G&.CB'&-$'=$.#.&.-.#&#$.#
#'G#B#-'#.&#-.#'.%'G#3#.A3#3&#'$F'
/,,C#''3'#'3$''$'/,
&./0##'&''&.BC$'#$3

,'-#'#'$#&--$FG
RB1&#%#',','#''G''&.'#
.(# $#$/##&,'%#G##'.#3$B#$
#,.&#=.'.')'/,3#'B&/
,.H,&/.C#&.3#1-##$#
/#/C&(# $#'.C'#'#'','#'##-&#
-K#/#,'-$='&#-K$&#''&#'B3
#'.'#$C,#,G#-/#,#'
##&/C,#'&$#')'-C)'&$#'$G
$.#'##2C=G###B.'#-#'.'
('&#-$/C$

#=.''#B&'.',''H#...'
-#.',&D/0-.'E&A#,&##F
#=3$GF/F$='$3###C&B#G#'$&,'/
$='$#/B#&'#'.#& 

#   & '=$#&$#,%&@.$#.'##%
#='.''&DL$$=E&3&#'#'#,'&''..'B$G
$3''.'.#'&%'%K#-#&DL''E&0#3&#3#,'&
B'&D/0--F'E#.##',-C$''
'H##/'-C'G/#&/,%#
#3/''C' 3&'##-&G33$-
,.'//&D='$/,E&(##'/''
,'.C''&.#.'&#'F'.#H-C
'''.'F#,'B#&#'''F'#'#MG''3C'$'
F','&''$.B#3-,.B$$DL#/E&
(-#&'#3#,GG''&,G'&DA$%#E&'
#&DL%E&$%#=&D'.'E&&DL'/0'E&')###&
' .#&$,G'##&''F&'3.&D''E&(HG(#')#
#. F-$'B&$--#F./C-G
,#3&D ,C,#/CE&.3/'C&#$$G#
.&#)='#C&0'#'''#'.$&DL-$
FE&#3#0$-$&:0$'&F'M$&D/0F'E&G.'&
(%'='$&G.#3&D(=#3E&D'='#3E&D(=#E&
#$& G,#3#'(,F#:&'HI(#J'-
#  #F'&  >&  $    $-  3'  ,&  D''E&  #  'B  '#    $#  /      #
$&$F0-##1'&'.'.&D($'E&#'#$'&
'/'F&#$&L$'$#,G&.,'#$.&&'#,$'
$&#3%&0F$#&.-$='''&''#&&F
/3''&'.'.=#& G,&'&'.#&)3#3$='&
I(#J&>&''.&$'#'$-$$=

#=.#,#F'G&'=.G.C$='&')(''
##G/##&D.##$3#E&,'C.&##0&0#
'F&L#$3&G,HD/0'FE&#=.##'B&$F'#&
#$F$&&D./0E&G&#B'$.'#,C$&'C/.'C
85

           
  
  
 
           

.,$''G,G.'.#'G3&',/C'$&DG'$F#
.$'E&#'F&D'/0#3E&###3.3C3#/'#$F
/-.',&F$'#/F$C&('$.#$'#$
$'.#'GB#'##.&#'.''$''.C
#.##&%G-#'&D#3$.E&#=.'#'
'&I -$-3$=.J&G#--/&3K'#/#&'
&/'.$#&D(/''=/0E&A$&/0''''$'&#
-.'##'##&##$'&#3'&-,F&'#./$'
&G#.'$'#.#&$='#3'./'$$('G
  .    #  '  #  -$'    '  '  .1$  #  3##  $.%    &
,='G&''.K#$'.#G'.'& #$=.

,$#'#(# $##&/  -




:  G#$''$$B'' ''C$''$
'3C'H'$3#C#-CB,#'3'
,##.##3G#B#&#3$3&$'$/##F&-
    '  &  '.0'    '  )'&  ,  #  .$  $&  '  .B#  /  /
#$$.'$.,B#'##'&#=.#.$.0#
'-&.,/#B3 'CG/'#'F'&#/B#'
$#.'&-''.#$./)GFC'&'-'-(-#'
-#E&'F.&.G'$3'/$

'.#.'#'#'''#$)#.$'3#3##
#$3#'###&.'&=.&D#'3.#B0E&.#
$'$,CH=.&'G-#&D/0E ###%,.C3
G&/C#3&I GJD:0.'E$,&=.&D/0E&'=
$&1.##,%&D:0#$E&&'3'&#$.'''
.'#&  D  E  3  ,    ,'  -'  #  K#$  &    #  $   .  
####C.B3##-####'BF#'&/'#$H#,#,
#'.#='&#$-'#BG-$='3DL-E&$F','
.'##.## '&D:0.'$0'#E&.='$.$G&DE&
(,3&LF&GB.#B'&.'#'

#$)#,#'B' ,/##$'$'','
''.'':#=.G0#$.)'&/$CF'&/#-'
-C%$.''G3&#3'-G.#BF#'
-#H    #3    #%    ,'3&  #'  ''  '  #$    ##  '  B$'
$##'#'###3#' ''C/0#=.G#
$,#B'1.#B#$&.#-%.###1.&#'$'
#.#$'/$.&@$'&C&G/#=.B
.'.#&$C#$$.H'#'./'',
$G'''

(#,%/#'0'-CB$&#'#'''3#.&
'$--''#3#-3 ###%,
-$&  #  $'  '  $F&  '0'  .&    -,'    -%  .  #
'G-C.'%$''.#,&IAF'.$J&'
$=','/3&$-$C-G#%F##&G#
##0'/$.3###%G'/#0&$.$#.'3.='
''G&/#.'##,'3$-,G
$C#-''=3#&-#33'0##'B'#$#
=.&$='###''./#1IG$.#BJ
86

           
  
  
 
           

$%-'$'/C)''G#G
'.''3)'&,''&#/#K#$,(# $#',#'-,'
$'.#3#&###'-G.'$#'''B&DLK.F&/0
C'E#$.#.#-,'###&##/$.#
$.#3#.#%H #G$='#3

(,,#,#'#''#&/C'/0-C$#=.
@-$'&-$H# '$0'-%.'L'G$3#'
$3'&$.&#/'#B%&G''G/CB#G'&G#
/$.$.$G,#%.''G''&''
#&  ',  #'$  #  $#    #      #  '&  /  #  C
''.''&#$'$$#$.0'# '&
#'&:$#&@G$FB&-'C$#.'&3/0$
$&'''#$ '&D/'E& B&#&3#&
,'&$='G#--&'#..3#3K',&#$-)'
G##,$'/''&D=,G'#E&D'.-C/'3E&##'
--$.#%&D $CE#.'$$FB&D./0/'G/CE& 
.$GB#& -C$='.#3'&0$-%G,=&''.-##'0'&
D #$--E&I(=#$--&'3##/$#J&:$'$#
G.G.''&D/0'E&&.-=3$#FB&0$
..'/#'$&KG&/''G&#=.
$='B#'&''##3G#&$

($'$.&','%#''.'&##-#
 ' .#D .E#.C'$'.'',&#--/
C..3'-3-'-#&/''BGF$'&''
C'G&'B#3&#01/,S'MGG&#$/
$.'''#'//'BC##$%/#G'##
./-C#=,##' 3#'&D:0E&7
#-#$M&$#''-'&''$3'2-##G -(M
'#.#G#$H/'$#
'.#-#G-C1$.,##$#'/-.
& '##,--'$G0#'/#''.-$'.'
'-C&##3C&.###@C'$',
#' -B## #>3>F#'!  ' - 2 
!   M*,' #B3#.'&.B$G''%'
'.'      .#G      7'&  #3    #    '$  .'  ''
$$''#&#')'&#,%.'%&F$#3/
.=#'.1$'$''#$6  -$#&''.%&G
.''''

O$&#,%'#3'$)&D/0E&D-/0,G-' 'E&G'0
&/0,,&&F'&'/.',3&D/0E&
3&)'G')'&F##&'') ! 
)< .II

8<

           
  
  
 
           

  
'- 3##$FC'' 3#''B
'$'#C'D($,&#E 3##' 0'G
#  '3  /  #    ,  '  $  #  C  '3  3C  #  3    #
.#',#$)&#'C#B$G.#','C-='
-## =3##'>$'&L-#(-#C-,,
''/&.B('H'C/#',3%,
$-','#$)'#&/'3#3'.#'#G&#
=.&  /   .% ''& C  / # B '  # ,C$&  '  ,G   .' 3#&
'C3#.'-&L$3&'..&:##$.'&
'&'0&./#3/#,&G.$CG'
-'#'K#$'''G#,G$.#&$,#$&'..&'#3
$#$&F/',G(-#',3%&& ',G3#
#./'#3#B$##=.&K'/#'#23#&DG''/0
$E&#B'##'#3B&.B'&D'E&7#&#
.&'C'$3.&'3'$.$'
#''#.#&D($-3''#$'E&L.30#$'$G#$
'3/#F=$''$)&#&#,##3&//#.'#
$'$#G&-G/.##$&-$/.'&G/
#$='$$'#'('H#&3$#,GF#
'&-#0#GC3#/'.3-&3.#'G$.B##H'0
B/$3#''=   C3#/'/'F3'=
&#$F#'3&L#3&DL#''''$,$'E&DG-'.
B%E&-/#FB''&D($E&C&G,,F'&'/
''##.,F'&DE&(##&D/'#/$F@3E&
DL3###'E&&$F/0#B$$3&'K'#
G#/#B$/0#'-33&./$=',#/3##'&
./''$#,'GF&#$'/#.$.#C$#'
#3'&D #3$='E&&I-'CJ&G'$'#,/C##,&'$ '
.#&'/'0&D'E&C&/C-G'$#'##'&/'
$G.//0'$,G&D($$E&'0&./'/
&/C.'#'-G%##G'3='#','' 3'&DG
G'.##$E& -&DGBE$0&C&B-&DL$',E&
/B#$='3/',$$(#=&'##&
DA#E&L#''&$.0#'''.#@3&G,
/#F'=#&.C#.,2#%#&G.'.''
)#'&#(-#&>'3>-$&G$-''H#'.'#
''*3#B12#%#&',.#''&DG'/B&/'
F#3E&#$'&D.''B#'..'#(-E&'.&F#=G&
.')&''=&''/C$.&.--'
3''#$3'G'3K''-'$''&-''3'&
A  '-  /  -  #  $'    $'  G    G  -  -'&  $  '0'
'#'&2#$&/0%#'&D/0.C''.#$G
F'B$3EC-#.#D'3#$&$3#E&
#$>3&:0B&DL''E&'###,#,'&'=
$#&D-E&'=')'$.C##,#''#,''B'',#&
$3&D #3''E&&'&$GB

88

           
  
  
 
           

  

AC'#/#'-$'##&.-%#$
.$.#&3##G'33$. '&'03&DC'##E
3'C.''C''#&.$#&'&:'.#GF
''  %'&  $  '  ,3&    /  -#&  .$  ,G       '  .#G&  D'='
#,#$E&:$#/&/.'#&DG
.''$E&D'-$'E&D'C.E#F
/#B$.,&#/'#B$#G$3'&D/0E&
D'GC-E&(#/&.##'3B'&B''$.-
$'

'-,$#B#,3#$$.#
0',F.#$ '&-/C'##3-C#'
%' .#',#'#''.B3'$#&
1.#''.#'&$#,&.#'/'.3G.C'$F'#
#.',C.G3#$&C
''&.#''&#'#'$'/'#.#$3
#F3$#.,#=.'$&$#'.$'&GC#
.I:0=GJ&,G/'#-%'=.##3#&$
-#'&#'-0&#$&1#&-'#23#C-#
'/-C$.#%&IG#,JHG'
$'$'/C'$$'$'&-##'&.'#'&$##'&#/'&.
.'=B0&D3'.E&'#,B#'##'

'  $G  ,'&  D    '#=    #E&    $C  /  '    B
,&F#FB''&C##F&L#&D'/0#$E
#,'(# $#&#'%#B$$G'#.#'
#G'#./#.&#$'$#/##-#F#,
#''/.C3'&/'.%#/3'$$=&-C
-&D/0''/#3'E&''$$''.3'
'.C#,'/$.,C/#'''
$G-G'/'BC#''&D$'.&.'E&-'/#
,',#&',3&''C'.#&0F$.%&$'
-&'#','..$&,%$=''#'##/'#'3
$'$

.'#'.'#(-##3##3&D:0E&'-'
C/''')'1F#$-WS''###BF#'&''B%
#'''#(-G#F###$&#'.F##3##L
/'''$'C/.'#-,#&:$
#'.'''&#$.C##3#.#G '&G''.
#/C###C'3FC','.'$. $
/,%#-#3'$#.'G-.#'-''&,
##.#' 4 6  3#'=''.#&$.&
$'#'B'3'#'&D/'$-$E'#C
'''C'3#.'.&###$.C##' 3#'G#3&
&#.#G '

#3###3F'&($,G&#3$$'&'
.''/.C.3.''.F'&$F'-$'1#'&'B##'&
84

           
  
  
 
           

#'/&C''#'/'FC#$#'''#
-'C&GB$,%'##$& 3/3'.&
.'-',G'#&'=''..&$#,,'
  #$& ,'   ,&    /  /  $  $3&   / $&   $  '  =. 
#&D .'E&&'##'$B&B$&'.0'
,$''.3#'F''/-''.0'/#'''
'$#'.''/,C&'$'G3/
3/.',.',#

4!

           
  
  
 
           

   
'C/,'.'/',#',$'#3'
'$'&#'#%'&D#'E&#$'$3##$&D*###
#E&'0#,3C&D=',E&3K$0',$)&2'#.
#B$&.'.'### '.',3.#'
''-C'=F&F''$.)'&- '.-#
  &  0F$  '.#&  #  $,  .  B  K#&  (-  /    '.  -'
$P&#F&'/#.#&-C-.0$#,''G&#
-#G$.&#-3#G')#'/#-'&D#B#3
E&#$&#3#3&#/'&$='3&''##'
3#'& -T'&Q#&''#

2#,'#&-G##3#.& -&(# $#'


F##,.#,''$&'$C&'C/''.C#/'&
$  B%'  .  3&  #    '$C  '  #  .&  (#  B3C  '
.#-#.& /'-&$$&#. /
 2 =-   :  :  -...L'0$#,$'-

#''#$)'.(# $#&D:0.'E&:&D(E&
D'='  '    /0E&  &  #  3  .  #  -&  D  '=  'GE&  I:0  'G    /  #
-3J&G#-/$$-33&D:0'FE& $#'&BF#'G
B0&#$F'#,&##%'&I:0$J&'C$.#
$)  '3  '  C&  #  C  &    #  $.  /  #'  -$'      #
.'3&  #  3C  #F'H  ,'  ,'  -C  1.$  #  $.'  $.#'  
-###&G,%#'$='F#'

#-$''#'$''B$',F&##,
-'$%#$###H'FC..'#//&#
'#C#.0#$'$#B3#:'.'
#/#0'-33&,C''-#'K#$'''1#'&#F,C
## &-'.'&'#'K'/3#-&'FC.
#/'&/'#,#.-#&L'=#'$#'&F$'#$F&
D ',E& K$','..-.&=#'(####B0#G#
$B&',#.#'G#,#'#&0
.-FGG$&-#F& $C$,',$#=.&#.'#
$&#33#'#CB&$3-3'&.$,G
&K-'#'&(=##.&#$#.#&G-#K'#-H
'$-$-'##'$F/'F$=''-BF&.-.
#&.'.3',&G'##C','G$='#/&GK
,'G$&DLE&(#F#=3$'#G'&C&$3'
/G3'&'3''0#,C'F&D'/,E$-'
.F&',/''..C&G-$,'G&#,'''
##3NG&//',$,3$-$&/&'G.
.&#,'-G.H###,''B0F#(##'##'G#.&
2'-G$,#$&DC'E&(#,#,##&.#F#
''.-$#&##'=##=&/'0'.&-
'')&$/'&/'$'& 'C,'./'
$&#'.'&,,/'')'#&'#-#'G#
''&0-#$%##B0./.'/,'.'0#&#$.F#
G&L.K&#$.##$='G'##B0#'3G
4

           
  
  
 
           

',  B    #    6  '  '  '      #'  $''  .  #'  ,''  (#
.'&''..%&.'#$&/#1.#')'
/#.$C& $%&,&''&D'''.E&=$&'G
G(#&:0$,##&$''.#&

A#$=''B0&,&=$& 3$&/,3.&
D($.'$#$FE& .B,&D:0/'E&D:0/E'##&'
-$.'..$#.&#'''&'B$#G#.%&'
F'/#.F/$='H',.3'=/C&/$&.,,C
%GCB%' 3B0./&3CB&''#,%&'G=
##B3&A'=-#&D $%#E&C&D$,'E&F,&''
'0'&#,%&#,B0&.3'0#&$.&D/0$
#'''-'E&'.#&#'.#,'C$.&2C
%'#,0'#'#'C'&G#,%/##'-$'&#
-/##F##%##&'=&#%&'-##'1&,G
&D/0-C(# $#'.E&D'C#$E&O#&'-&
,,CB###$'F##&C''.3&#C#B0'=&
.'&2G.#0'##$,G$#B0&#0$#
'B

''###&(#B.('&/#
##.'##&#3-#&,B#B$3G
'3'#)&/',$''.&1.'#,%#
'&#/C#% '&.'&'$-$&BB=#'3&L
''#'.3#,&,G#$.F,1.$3'
.$'&(#-CC#-G.'&2'.3.
3#&.C-#&#.#'##3&2,$'''#'&F#,%&
-'..'&$./C$&.B$G'''
.#& '$'#&-C'B$'&'##C#2C
=&#='$'.#/.#'%'&G'#B#-$.'
-,&DC# 'E& -C$'#'##&#&#.'#'#'G
,'-#%$/.,#'$''#''#%
#'F'$G'&'='H,C&(# $#-C'.#.'#
#=.##,#/$F&#'.&/GB#&
(#$.%'##%##-##'##
-CC#B&#$B#''&,.'##$#'3'
.    'C  /0  #'    (#&  3$  '  #=3$'&  '        $='
'/$#&##C'#-$/#-C$%&#/#.#.''G
#,##'$&#/#3#'.#$'$$$
$%&'.0'#-CC.CG$$&'$.-$##=#&
'  '#  /    '  %    #  B  '  ,C  K  $='  .#',  ,  
'##&$$.&F,%/&$$.&,#$&,
$#$.#'%'G#F#-'#%#'$''&#3$#$G###,#
=,&  #  .  #  $F  #3  G  G    #  '&  >#  #'  -##'&  '3  '  .
#&$.C#.2&.(#&-'--&DE&
&#$'%& -0.#,&#''#,&,&.,&
'-$-&D/0.C&D/0'##'.''B'3E&-#'&,
#&B#../$%&$,'-CD K/0,'-E&'0&#'
#&DE&''.&$0$#3'$/,'C$&'=&.'.##&
-'3&#%& F/#---&$-$.#'
$$'-,'%#=,&##'')'&#3'$-&%

4

           
  
  
 
           

#.$'.G'$'#,'$0&'#'C#','#'
F3'./&,C.'#'

4;

           
  
  
 
           

   
,&0'&/#FB''&2$('&B'&
,./$$-#'#& -&D/$='#,'E&DG/0
$E&B#$&'#& -&G,&D#$'$.#&E&
C&(-#& -3''.,'$'&#FB&/'G',#&
$./'#& '#'.'''3#'&G#F$'#'
1.'

,#,#','DL'$.33#E&''&DL'
#,3E&'$','3#&#'/'#$'$
.#'H'3/#,'##,B=#'/#,3%'=--&
$,'3##'&/0#.'&(# $#$#$&D:0
'E ./'' $G&G-'-C''.& ''3'#
'''#'&#K/'0'/-#$-$'F'G-
#&'$K#$.G3.'#.$B3$B#/
#*')D 'C/K,'$('E&C&DL./0B
,'E&$B,'& F&D/0-'C'#'.E&C3K'.

#3##B$#$##&#.''#G#/'. .''
-C''''###3)#',C.&,'C#$'$
.#G##3M 33G''%.'#%& G
&#.-##,&###3'#B###$',,&'
'.C''&$'S#'GG $$A1&'$3#&:.C&
#'''#,#'''&.'/.3#.####3#'#G
'##3#1$#'#'='.'&'#',H,'-##$G
''&G#$'B%-C/#%##%H.'##'
''###3'''#G#-#,%G$#'D($'='GE&
D:0E& ',#,%&,'#,'#& /#-&C/G,')#'
#-##$&C''3&$G'#/''C#'#'&
'&./''#'####&33&AB3#'$.&F'.
#&##3&D/0E&D K/0'E:C'#G./#-#3./
/C/#'H$3'/KB3'''$#&#'$.
&G#,H''#.G###3$'#'
'3,.'$&-$'&$F'G)'&B#'G3'&2$'.C&'.'
'.&#''''###,,'''='###&:0,&F
'M$&D(,E:0

#'G 3#3##.##.
#    ,&  B$  .  #  3  #  '&  F#=  $  #  .  3    '
$$&$3'C##,#$&.'.$'$'$###F
/    ,  2#%#  #  '  ,'3    #      ''  D($E&  C&  '
2#%#'/''-F'''#&GC'&/'
$#3#',.#-&DL#3E&B##-%&'/$'
/&3''&2#%#'.=F&'C'$'
'$'#'0#&D'-$-'E&'0-$$#&
/C'=#B$.#3&/#/'13C&'0&.$.
//CG(-'##''&B,#&$',&#
'.#/'.30#&3/'$--B&#/$'$#&(#&
..$#3&$G#F#&$3CH&
'.&'.#3###'-,'&D($'E&./$'/
49

           
  
  
 
           

,,  #  C& -G '  -GG $)  /0 ' '$'  3  '. /  #  
,%'&#%G/C'#$='F3#'&DL/0'
#$E&('&$='&.'&LFC..C'$&D($
$#&#E&'#F0#'#&$& #-#.'#'$'#
=,B'#&2#%#B'/'F3'&/('#'
-$.'&/#/'.3&G/#$3#.%& #30B'..&''
$'/CB&D'$#-$'E&'-$/'$)
' 3#'#'#3##0B&(/$'##$#/#.& '
.$C$#/$'G/'G/C#.'$'#'&
&0F.F'&.'-/&D/'B2#%#E&@''/
,.0#&'0F$-#$C&''B.K#$='/.$&'
/B$$3'C$#'$'#'&D #3K.#$'FCE&
''#$'&0#/',.$3.-#'3(,F#
:& -G&C/''#(-#&''#$&G'
'$F3&'3$',-G&#&#
'GF3&&$='$./G$'G.F#&''
/.C$&'$/B#.-#/.#&D/0
#'#F$'$B%E&'$#&.$#3/##,G/#
#3'#0'#&'/0.F&.'.$''/'#$--'/
##$&DK,'.-3E&'/$#3&#&,G$-#
/',&.'-$'--'$/3&.'='$3
/-,#''&C'1.####F.&
3  #  $    FC  G  #  .#  #  '&  #    '  #  /  .  .3  #
$&  '  F  #  (-#&  >  --&  F  #  &  #3  '#,$'  #  $  
&.#.3.'#,'$--

#'#&$'##-C3%$##'
%$'D#.##,E#'&/'##3#&D,E
$.-'./'##,#=,G#1.&$#
.#3##=&..'&',/$3#B-'/$#
..#HK,''/#$ 3.&##,# F-'#
$)  '3    B  $%    #F'&    ,%  /  $    '  '  'C
/#&'#.G'.CHG''.

 3'$-&###$,'B2#%#&D$
-E&,#$#$%#G'B%&>&'.&
/FC'$F$3&'##','$3'..3#./
''-#H'B'-&#3/,'&#C'
,C&D($E&'##G$32#%#&#3',''.''.'&
D:0FE'$='/'.##''#'&,'3C'$.&#
B## 3,.G/C','.'
3#'&##.&'C/,C',%&-CF.&')#'##
',C#','.1.#3'G''#''&DL#'E&
D-E&  #  '  /  C    $  &      ..'&  G    ,'&  ##=  B  $  /
'.'#./#(-##$.##MB0&'3'G
$'#$'$#3$.##.'/#',
#FB''&@,$F&$#B&,#'%&D 
3'E&B$3'&@'C''/&F$F#'1/ G
$3&#$F#'&'#)$,##&G#FB''.'&#3#3
3##&/C'G&F&G-C'/G'',&##'#/-'#
/''$='&'#'.&C%#&.B'/#&#
')##C&G##3 3'#3C##C.'$.L''3C
45

           
  
  
 
           

'&' 3#'&D-C##C'' 'E&(#/'C-'.C,$


#1&$C'-#&'C$..'#,G##%###
'&#'#'.''G#'B3''&#'#$-'& GR'
R'BB'E&$/0'G0/0'&##3&-$'
-'/'B&F#&L3'&'/'0'/#'B=$&
'#'F/'#3'$B#'#,''#'B=&
###-C.''$#&$='-C$#-G,C'
'C.#3H'.3''C$.-'.').'M$./
$3#3'.'&D./0.C'''/CE& #,%#(-#
$0 -C.3. ' ' ' $ .'/C' #'
-$'('&$'&D='/=E&$'=.'.'&.$
,3

46

           
  
  
 
           

    
$%#%G''',$&#3#'C&,#,''G&
#.%#'. #'F'G,#%'#&'$C/&C
B'),0&/#'C#%#)'$-WS''&
D:0.'>-#E&D$/,'''.E&'.#%#$&.'&
'-''$3&D/0,'-G>'3E&D/',3##E'
'./#&')##$7GF###3#,'H
,,#$G'.'''G'./#3$-& -
G&-'#-#'#B -/0$0&D./0$''$'$E
:'#K#$,%&'1'.1&/,$''.''&.$0/
'$$&DE&#'3H#,G##,G'#3'
.-'&&D./0&($E& ''FC$''G
B$$&G-,'$'-$'$-''F&#.#$
','&G'.#0#H#'3&$&'#$
&D:0&'=E&')#$.'#$'.& -&G
#B-$&'=&B'B-$&D-G#3.$CE&',%'
B3#&'#,%'-C&#,#'.%/$#'
##&$.$-##$&A=3##&-=3#&C3#'/$'
,#3&/$#$--''&.'/$'''-.'
''&'-$'###&F'M$##1.##'#(-#&
FC#.C&AF'.-$&'#%#G&.='$#&D
'E& #3$&>&''C#/#G#/$C3%&D/0
#.#' #.#'$3E&#(-#'&.#3$/C
#,.$##$G.3'&D:0E&0$G/'
/#'#..#C&G/#'.$$#H'=&##
..#C0$#$C$'$3&#(-#&3'#,&''
,#-$##'&#G''$#B,&$'#&
')  FC&  #  '      .'&  ($&  '$'  -$'    3'&
$.0$'$#'&.'&#$#FH',#''
3##&  D$      /    '  3  '  .$C  /  '  #  E&  $='  -C
.$G/='#.#C'.''$='&.''$'H
A'$$#.BC#&D/0#E&'/#$F#/$,G
'''&D/0#'#.3''$#'(#=.
/##,E&(/#/''=$.$-$3'''&G.
/  ,  /  'C  '0  #  /  /  #  G $  -  .  /  #  .'&  '.&  '.&  DG  #
$--E&#=$$#''&G#3'-$''C''B-'&
.'&#F#&#3'3,&'$&/C/$G'.
-C$#'3#0H'#B$3'.&.'&D'G#E&
$='$'')2#%#&-/##$&3/.'.0#&
,#&.'&D./0-#'.E #,&3'-,'
G,&##'=#&,'.'.&/C#F'#$='..'#
')  .  #    #  ##$  .  G  #    .  #  1  -  '  $--&  #
'.')&-'&G##,',#$='#'$3'/#

,#B'#.# $-&'$-#
H$='.B#&($'C'&##.&'=&G#
'#0,#B$''#($#&#3#$.)'#./$
1L/'B& ,&(',$'D'E,$'###/#
#&#''#& 'C'/C&$,$&G#'.''
$  #F'  G  '.&  :0  '  F&  .-  #3    $  '  $.'  $'    #
4<

           
  
  
 
           

'3&    $  #  #F  'C  -%  ,  '  %    B  #&  $  -'  #
(#=&$##$&#'##'''
#/'G'#C&D.$,G.3##(-#E##,#-'#,&
#=.#$F,''.'#B%&'$'&0/F3
0'#&'./#'.C-'3##=' 3#'&3/ #.$'&
#,C#&#(-#/-3B#&D.'',#,(-#E&'&'
3','$&G#-K#$$#.'D($''=(#,#
E&''-$','$&.G'0' 3#''#'%'
'&DG''3,,E'&#3#''''B3$'.'##'

#3#/##%.#&7'#$G
B$,&AG&.'#-B&AG/.3&.#F#',#,G#
$'G&D:0E&,'''3'B&#.#C.)#
#  G  #  F  '    .#    F      #'  '  '&  DL  -E&  #
$.F#'.'&3G'''A#&'#
'),%$#B#&DC'3','E&''$&B#'''&$
'  .  #H    .'  #      #  ($  '.  G  '  .#%
$&,#$$&3$F&D:C'#3'/$
.E.'&D('#')E&')')##3#/,-C
.'#,%&#,&D/0&,E&%#$'.&
&')',.'&#''.C#=#&-$./'
,#$./'.&.'.''#'.'''$F$3&
3NG/3&/.#FG'#.'    & #3'
B$'.$&/#BG .'B#'B'#
01%#=,'B3-'/,'..&
$='&#$=',''#$&$'M$&%-'
$.C'$.#$B''&G$/CG$&-,*&#
B#$'#F0('&AF'''B'$'&.','B%
$&.#$/C,%&.'.#''''7
G')&D/0'#0#E&D-C##33##(-#E%
$''.0'',#'= 62 ')#-%'.#-
$'#3#.-#($F7&#'-$'
$F''&($&D$#BE./#-'.#
A'..##K#&L'G&D'$E&D(=##3E&A'-'&
DC',#E'='#C,&'-3&'#$/B,''
''G30#'3',#&7,/$-&$&C'&#,/#'
C''.#3''&D,$E&')#',=,&($/'&##'
/CG'##0B&#$--#,##'.'&($H
')$#.G#$&''F'$$#>&#,%#(-#
#  ,G    .  B=#  ($&  '    G  ,'&   ,  'G    C'&  2G  #
>#&#'/ =%G *''=$F-.#
#&###,3''$##'./$'##$--&')
$%C'.'&C/$='#'$3#''$3'.
#$.$#K$&'3'#,&'=$&'3&#''
'G&DL#'..#'E&2##@3&''.-F&D/0$#
$--E&   F0 #      ,  #'  ..#'& #3  G '  3   #  -&  D  /0
/$'E&##FL#F#-&.&('/#-'&$.0G
'/$.&'.'& F#=GB$0.#'G&,#,'##0B
G')##37&#B''''##3#&'$F
/'$C&/#,'-F#.'# ' 3#'&
')'3&$$.&GF&/'$C&($&
'=
48

           
  
  
 
           

(%  #    -'  #  B    F    .  ,  2&  13C  #3'
' $'3''& -$(#= '#''/##.''-F''
 3G@3&DL#'..#'E& K#'-C&($&##3=/C
'$$'& F&G,&DL'#E&#,G##,.'-'/,#'
..#'C3#'/$,#)

')#'',&2$'#-3&,'.
F'&D:0&./0$'#E&.B,%$='##$
G  #' ,' #'$'   #' ' '   #'  '.'   ' 3'    
$'&'F#,%##,-'#B.'##G#/#.-
#$'$-#&@3'##33&'.,
.'&,.'&.BK#.'#3''#-C--&'G$G
  3&  #  3  #  ($&  ')  C  #'  #'  ''  G  #'  F'
-'&B$/G#$.C/-C.'&'
#    ,  2#%#&  D$  .'  1.#  .  /0&  >-#E&  D/0'  B  #'
3%'GE&D$3''FCE&$-/''
#C&  D,& E '  % , , / # *  G #  # '   # G
-    .'  %  .3  D  /0  -'  $  ,    '#E&  ')  '  '##
D#EI2'-3$&JD('/..-G.#3',G
'#E.'&#,C#&#'3',#$'$='H.-''&'#')'
#$&.$3'-3&FC'=.F&D./0.G#'3##'E&
D/03.G#'E($3'#',,3'&G,=',/')
/1#''L'0$.#&F.&(#/,G'#&
.'$,'/0'3%#$&F/'0&G'&
7#$.'CC.$&/C&.#3#
$$'&#$'#'-,'G'#'$&.&#$#,%&G$#3'
,''    $F  $  -#  $  $/&  AF      .-  $&  D:0  F'E&
')-%')#*&/,..0&# #F-=&
$#.#G#'#-.#%&$'7G%'
.#'.'#,'/'-3&F$.#
B&#3/'.#-#,F''$'G'#'1'
'#  #  ,#    #  #C/H      .'&  .C  /  #  '%  B#    '
>-#&')',C'.=#&.K'C''$$
.%G###&$'/#'#&,'$'3'(
$'.F'&'37G%& ,&#'.'###&
..#'#,''###&/''$''&-#'
,='#'F'&F#,%&','$#,& #,C#&#''F'-
B&  ,>-#& #3 # #G# *&-C  .'' B3&
')'$.)'0#/##3&#*#.#%G#($
#F####& ,G#&GF&.//,G'''
'=&,/'B,',#'/'&'BK#&>-#&($='.
-#/F&$#,%&$='&'#7&3'#$#&$
-//$='&F%&2$'/##$#3$,$
3'#3'&>>-#&'C$3'&/'3''#'''&''&#
(-G>'3G3&.#','&#'/'=-$B#&G$
%',*,/0',/#=#,&#'$='&
$//'''B-&G''#..&#.1$,%,'3'
$H#'')',%$GB3&.',''$.)G'#
###&7G%'.'''#&($&'#3$'./#0#&
%$#&'''&-&'B#$#'C
#*#.,'#%.#,'&/-G.'/
'#'.',%#,& 3'&3'&F%&'/.'B
44

           
  
  
 
           

,'.G#%#,''#$#(-&37'/#%
'#'$'&,,###GM&#$.BB/G'''
#3'&#'''.#$#.'# #B#.$#,'&-#
.'G#-%#H%''7$&'3&G'
#,    .'  G    '  FB  #  =,    7  '  '3  #  #  $%  
'3#,.'&')&$#/'H'.#C#
#  #  #  7  GC      -  '  #  #  $    ,&  /  '
''.$ #3 /0 F& .'&  ' ## ($& D$  $CE&
.F&K/$.3$$H.#'.&$%#
'F'&,'#$'$'/.$&'#/,G
#%,,##0,##-#.&FB&,C-G'#&,#$&$=#G/
#3NG&#''/''$&.-'3##'$&$='#'
'

($%    '#%'#$ (0' 3-#  '


'3.'C&')#$#$7&:0-3'.'&7
$$-&'.#%-C'$.'3C$H#.#$
,'D:/$.E&G,.&#-$'.C/#/
#'(-#$-'-'='&#-/$.%($''.'&#
##.'#3#G,F#.B$&(#/'''
$./#$''C..&#-C$#/-$3
###G#.''''''$'#'HC#.##G#-C
'###&#'.'#3-B(',##. $
'.3DG#' 4 6  3E.,##/#%'3&
,/C'#,'##3G'##&#$#$&
.'0#

##.#&')',#,-%#')#/#-&G,'
''B #B',$' '.&F'.#& ''= #
-#0    $  '3B  ,  .  $C&  D:0  /'  E&    '  $.  F0  .
.,##'$3'#/$,G'$#'&'
$$0 .,$'./'$'G'$.$C'&
.'$''&-'#'./.'#B'B#%&LK
.$0#/.'=##''&#&/''3&G
/C#3$='$#&/,#&D/0'/F
B3#E'.G'.'$&C./0.###3$H#
$'$.',&/-.%'

,',.#,##&-C'2'&.','#$C#'#'
'##'D:0#2C=.#'%'E&'.3&@'.'&&'
&'#3'F'&2C='.'.#'%'&
D,$',,&$$E&1$&1.'')&..$='#&D
/0E&D.''/7#$CE

,'.'.&$#($G'&-&#.F&#3'
#'#,C& 3=#&3=#&D:0'='-E&F'M$&G'#
.'&3'.#&&.'C#.
'CF#.##/'-#,% ' .#&AG-,&
D/0E&G'0/'R'R'BB'&.'3K$&-''.&'.C
',$#&'0/'$.$B'B#&(#&'.''$.#
3G'/'.#''.0#G'-C3B$'.#'&
D:0E&D'0$E&.#$.##C' ''.##&.'&
!!

           
  
  
 
           

####'1'&,''K#2.'$G0#.%
#'&#3#3&#$'-CG'.''&'K#$/
'3B# #CB#$3

  
    >??@

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
'G3#%.F

!

You might also like