Aim:- To make a 10 tpi right hand thread on ms bar for hexagonal bolt with the help of center

laithe machine .

Theory Of Thread cutting:Thread cutting, as compared to thread forming and rolling, is used when full thread depth is
required, when the quantity is small, when the blank is not very accurate, when threading up to a
shoulder is required, when threading a tapered thread, or when the material is brittle.

The Centre Lathe is used to manufacture cylindrical shapes from a range of materials
including; steels and plastics. Many of the components that go together to make an engine work
have been manufactured using lathes. These may be lathes operated directly by people (manual
lathes) or computer controlled lathes (CNC machines) that have been programmed to carry out a
particular task. A basic manual centre lathe is shown below. This type of lathe is controlled by a
person turning the various handles on the top slide and cross slide in order to make a product /
part. The headstock of a centre lathe can be opened, revealing an arrangement of gears. These
gears are sometimes replaced to alter the speed of rotation of the chuck. The lathe must be
switched off before opening, although the motor should automatically cut off if the door is
opened while the machine is running (a safety feature).The speed of rotation of the chuck is
usually set by using the gear levers. These are usually on top of the headstock or along the front

and allow for a wide range of speeds.

Single-point threading:Single-point threading, also colloquially called single-pointing (or just thread cutting when the
context is implicit), is an operation that uses a single-point tool to produce a thread form on a
cylinder or cone. The tool moves linearly while the precise rotation of the workpiece determines
the lead of the thread. The process can be done to create external or internal threads (male or
female). In external thread cutting, the piece can either be held in a chuck or mounted between
two centers. With internal thread cutting, the piece is held in a chuck. The tool moves across the
piece linearly, taking chips off the workpiece with each pass. Usually 5 to 7 light cuts create the
correct depth of the thread.
Threads may be milled with a rotating milling cutter if the correct helical toolpath can be
arranged. This was formerly arranged mechanically, and it was suitable for mass-production
work although uncommon in job-shop work. With the widespread dissemination of affordable,
fast, precise CNC, it became much more common, and today internal and external threads are
often milled even on work where they would formerly have been cut with taps, die heads, or
single-pointing. Some advantages of thread milling, as compared to single-point cutting or taps

and dies, are faster cycle times, less tool breakage, and that a left- or right-hand thread can be
created with the same tool.[9] Additionally, for large, awkward workpieces (such as a fire hydrant
casting), it is simply easier to let the workpiece sit stationary on a table while all needed
machining operations are performed on it with rotating tools, as opposed to rigging it up for
rotation around the axis of each set of threads (that is, for the "arms" and "mouth" of the
hydrant).

Nomenclature of Single point cutting tool:A single point cutting tool consists of a sharpened cutting part and the shank and main parts or
elements which are:
1: Shank
It is the main body of the tool.
2: Flank:
The surface or surfaces below the adjacent to the cutting edge is called flank of the tool.
3: Face
The surface on which the chip slides is called the face of the tool.
4: Heel
It is the intersection of the flank and the base of the tool.
5: Nose
It is the point where the side cutting edge and end cutting edge intersect.
6: Cutting Edge
It is the edge on the face of the tool which removes the material from the work piece. The cutting
edge consists of the side cutting edge(major cutting edge) and cutting edge(minor cutting edge)
and the nose.

Operations performed in a lathe

Various operations are performed in a lathe other than plain turning. They are
1. Facing
2. Turning

a. Straight turning
b. Step turning
3. Chamfering
4. Grooving
5. Forming
6. Knurling
7. Undercutting
8. Eccentric turning
9. Taper turning
10.Thread cutting
11. Drilling
12. Reaming
13. Boring
14. Tapping

Process:Thread cutting is one of the most important operations performed in a lathe. The
process of thread cutting is to produce a helical groove on a cylindrical surface by feeding the
tool longitudinally.
1. The job is revolved between centres or by a chuck. The longitudinal feed should be
equal to the pitch of the thread to be cut per revolution of the work piece
2. The carriage should be moved longitudinally obtaining feed through the leadscrew
of the lathe.
3. A definite ratio between the longitudinal feed and rotation of the headstock spindle
should be found out. Suitable gears with required number of teeth should be mounted on the
spindle and the leadscrew.
4. A proper thread cutting tool is selected according to the shape of the thread. It is
mounted on the toolpost with its cutting edge at the lathe axis and perpendicular to the axis
of the work.
5. The position of the tumbler gears are adjusted according to the type of the thread
(right hand or left hand).
6. Suitable spindle speed is selected and it is obtained through back gears.
7. Half nut lever is engaged at the right point as indicated by the thread chasing dial.
8. Depth of cut is set suitably to allow the tool to make a light cut on the work.
9. When the cut is made for the required length, the half nut lever is disengaged. The
carriage is brought back to its original position and the above procedure is repeated until the
required depth of the thread is achieved.
10. After the process of thread cutting is over, the thread is checked by suitable gauges.

Calculation:-

Precautions:1.
Safety devices and guards must always be in place. These devices were designed by the
manufacturer to be used with the tool.
2.
Always keep blades and cutting edges sharp!
3.
Perform maintenance, accessory changes, and adjustments only when the tool is off and
unplugged.
4.
Don't wear loose fitting clothing. High-powered stationary tools can catch clothing and draw the
operators body into the tool.