Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Complex sentences
Verb / expression
should
ought to
Uses
advisability
present / future
1) I should study tonight.
2) She should do well on
the test. (future only, not
present)
3) I ought to study tonight.
4) She ought to do well on
the test. (future only, not
present)
past
1) I should have studied
last night, but I didnt.
2) She should have done
well on the test.
3) I ought to have studied
last night, but I didnt.
4) She ought to have done
well on the test.
past form:
would rather + have +
past participle
1) I would rather have
gone to the park.
2) Id rather not have gone
to the dinner party last
night.
90% certainty
(expectation)
should + have +past participle is
often used to criticise smbs behaviour
had better + bare
infinitive
advisability
with threat of
bad result (it
is stronger
than should
/ought to )
to say what
the best thing
to do in a
particular
situation is.
would rather =
would sooner
preference
do (bare infinitive)
would rather
not do
you/ N/he... +V2
3) He prefers basketball to
football.
4) Id prefer to walk home
rather than take the
bus.
5) Id prefer to have juice
rather than (have) Coke.
advise ask
demand insist
propose
recommend
require request
suggest
should do smth
should not do (BE)
that she/he
you/we
do smth
not do (AE)
present/past tense
It is /was
tense
advisable
should do smth
desirable
should not do (BE)
doubtful
that you
essential
he/she...
natural
necessary
do smth
recommended
not do (AE)
surprising
vital
present/past
only right
ridiculous
to do
Its time
Its high time
for us to do
as if / as though + he/she... + V2
had better
would rather
Common Mistakes
Wed better to cut down on our expenses.
Wed better cut down on our expenses.
Youd not better talk to him about it.
Youd better not talk to him about it.
We would better leave now.
We had better leave now.
Id rather Greg goes to medical school.
Id rather Greg went to medical school.
Id rather prefer just to lie on the beach.
Id rather just lie on the beach. =Id prefer just to lie on the beach.
Its high time you redecorate your flat.
Its high time you redecorated your flat.
Practice.
3
3) A: What are you doing right now? B: Im studying grammar, but I.........
4) A: Do you want to come with us to the museum tomorrow? B: Thanks, but I..........
5) A: I......than........
B: Not me. I......than.........
Ex 2. Use the subjunctive in noun clauses.
1) Her advisor recommended that she........(take) five courses.
2) Roberto insisted that the new baby............(name) after his grandfather.
3) The students requested that the test.........(postpone), but the instructor decided against
postponement.
4) It is essential that no one........(admit) to the room without proper identification.
5) It was such a beautiful day that one of the students suggested we.........(have) class outside.
6) The movie director insisted that everything about his production .........(be) authentic.
7) It is vital that no one else........(know) about the secret government operation.
8) Mrs Wash asked that we........(be) sure to lock the door behind us.
9) It is important that you........(be/not) late.
10)
The governor proposed that a new highway.........(build).
Ex 3. Read the situations and write the sentences using SHOULD /SHOULDNT . Some of the
sentences are past and some are present.
1) Im feeling sick. I ate too much.
I shouldnt.............
2) That man on the motorbike isnt wearing a helmet. Thats dangerous. He should...............
3) When we got to the restaurant, there were no free tables. We hadnt reserved one. We............
4) The notice says that the shop is open every day from 8.30 . It is 9 oclock now but the shop isnt
open yet.
The shop should...............
5) The speed limit is 30 miles an hour, but Catherine is doing 50. She.............
6) I went to Paris. A friend of mine lives in Paris but I didnt go to see him while I was there. When I
saw him later, he said: You..................
7) I was driving behind another car. Suddenly, the driver in front stopped without warning and I
drove into the back of his car. It wasnt my fault. The driver..........
8) I walked into a wall. I wasnt looking where I was going. I should...........
Ex 4. Are these sentences right or wrong?
1) Tom suggested that I should look for another job.
2) Tom suggested that I look for another job.
3) Tom suggested that I looked for another job.
4) Tom suggested me to look for another job.
5) Where do you suggest I go for my holiday?
6) Where do you suggest me to go for my holiday?
7) Where do you suggest I should go for my holiday?
8) Youd not be better be late for your interview.
9) We would better go soon.
10)
Its high time you tidy your bedroom.
11)
Wed better to do the washing up.
12)
Id rather the guests come at 8 oclock.
13)
Unless you dont study, you wont pass the exams.
14)
I wish we would afford a new car.
15)
Nick talks as if he knows everything.
Ex 5. Read the situations and write sentences with HAD BETTER. Use the words in brackets.
1) Youre going out for a walk with Tom. It might rain. You say to Tom: .......(an umbrella)
2) Jack has just cut himself. Its quite a bad cut. You say to him:.........(a plaster)
3) You and Ann plan to go to a restaurant this evening. Its a very popular restaurant. You say to
Ann:
We.........(reserve)
4) Jill doesnt look very well -not well enough to go to work. You say to her: ........(work)
5) You received your phone bill four weeks ago but you havent paid it yet. If you dont pay very soon,
you could be in trouble. You say to yourself : .........(pay)
6) You want to go out but youre expecting an important phone call. You say to your friend:
I........... (go out)
7) You and Fiona are going to the theatre. Youve missed the bus and you dont want` to be late. You
say to Fiona: ..............(a taxi)
Ex 6. Read the situations and write sentences with ITS TIME.....
1) You think the children should be in bed. Its already 11 oclock.
4
2) You havent had a holiday for a very long time. You need one now.
3) Youre waiting for Mary. Shes late. Why isnt she here yet?
4) Youre sitting on a train waiting for it to leave the station. Its already 5 minutes late.
5) You enjoy having parties. You havent had one for a long time.
6) The company you work for is badly run. You think there should be some changes.
7) Andrews hair looks awful. He hasnt washed it for a long time. He says:.........
8) Youre taking an important exam next month, but you havent started studying for it yet.
9) Sally promised to phone a friend, Mike, two weeks ago, but she still hasnt phoned him.
10)
Your bedroom is in a terrible mess. Dont you think........
Ex 7. Rewrite each sentence so that it means the same as the sentence before. Use the words from
the brackets.
1) I think its the governments duty to do something about unemployment. (should)
2) Im very tired. Why dont you clear the table yourself? (rather)
3) In my opinion, they should get down to some serious work right now. (high time)
4) My elder brother made me stay at home and do some household chores. (demand)
5) You should put on your jewellery for such a big occasion. (better)
6) It is essential that every child should have equal educational opportunities. (insist)
7) I think its a good idea to raise some money for her operation. (were)
8) I think Tom should start studying for his exams. (about)
9) Stay in bed for several days and take antibiotics. (ought)
10)
I believe we should widen our relations with the neighbouring countries. (suggest)
11)
Barbara should stop seeing him before its too late. (had)
12)
I dont think its a good idea to lie to your parents about what happened. (were you)
13)
Sam ran out of time; thats why he didnt go shopping. (would)
14)
If Helen gets a grant, she will be able to continue her studies. (provided)
15)
Jack would prefer to learn Italian rather than learn German. (rather)
16)
You should join a gym. (better)
17)
Why dont you make an effort to improve your life? (would)
18)
Its a pity I missed your graduation. (wish)
19)
You shouldnt go out tonight; you have to go to school tomorrow. (better)
20)
John would prefer to eat pizza rather than chips. (rather)
Ex 8. Choose the most suitable tense.
1) I wish Pete ........(doesnt live/ didnt live/ wouldnt live) so far away from the town centre. Well
have to take a taxi.
2) I feel rather cold. I wish I ........( brought/had brought) my pullover with me.
3) What a pity. I wish we.......(dont have to /didnt have to /wouldnt have to) leave.
4) I wish you ......(tell/ told /had told) me about the test. I havent done any revision.
5) I wish the people next door .....(hadnt made/ wouldnt make / couldnt make ) so much noise.
6) Darling I love you so much! I wish we ........(are/ had been/ would be/ could be) together always!
7) Im sorry I missed your birthday party. I really wish I ......(come/ came/ had come/ would come).
8) I like my new boss but I wish she .....(gave/ would give/ could give) me some more responsibility.
9) Having a lovely time in Brighton. I wish you.........(are/ were/ had been) here.
10)
This car was a complete waste of money. I wish I .....(didnt buy it/ hadnt bought it.
had
insist
ought
rather
should
suggest
time
were
would
6
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
had
insist
ought
rather
should
suggest
time
were
would
7
18)
19)
20)
I have no idea what well eventually do. Our plans are in a state of fl...........now.
The health-care system will have to u........many radical changes soon.
When John stole sweets from a shop, his parents were fined for s.........