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NH3 Cat
NH3 Cat
PABRIK AMONIAK
PETROKIMIA GRESIK
1
PETROKIMIA GRESIK
AMMONIA PLANT
Kapasitas
: 1350 MTPD
Komersial
: 1994
Process license
: LOW ENERGY
MW KELLOGG USA
Feed stock
: Natural gas (CH4 85.87 % )
Energy Consumption : 31 MMBTU/ton
Kualitas produk
: NH3 = 99,9 % min
By product
: CO2 gas 75 MTPD
DESULFURISASI
Steam
PRIMARY REFORMER
Udara
SECONDARY REFORMER
Benfield
CO-SHIFT CONVERTER
CO2 ABSORBER
METHANATOR
SINTESA AMONIAK
AMONIAK
3
DESULFURISASI
Menghilangkan sulfur dari gas bumi
Reaksi :
H2 + S H2S
H2S + ZnO ZnS + H2O
Katalis : CoMo & ZnO
Volume katalis : CoMo = 8.5 m3, ZnO = 70.8
m3 (2 bed)
Kondisi Operasi : T= 399 C P = 43,3 kg/cm2
Sulfur slip = max 0,1 ppm
Expected life : 2 th berdasar kadar H2S dalam
gas bumi 25 ppm (design), actual > 12 th
karena H2S max 5 ppm. Instal th 1994
Parameter evaluasi : Kadar Sulfur sisa, P
5
DESULFURISASI
Spesifikasi katalis:
CoMo
Bentuk :extrusions
size : 1/8
CoO : 3 4
MoO : 9 11
Al2O3: 83 88
ZnO
pellets
3/16
ZnO : 80 5
SiO2 : 5 - 10
Al2O3 : 4 6
PRIMARY REFORMER
Mengambil hidrogen dari gas bumi dengan
reaksi steam-methane reforming
Reaksi :
CH4 + H2O CO + 3 H2 H=49.3 kcal/gmol
CO + H2O CO2 + H2 H=-9.8 kcal/gmol
Katalis
: Nikel (top: pottasium promoted)
Volume total : 23.88 m3 (224 tube reformer)
Kondisi operasi : T = 621 - 815 C
P = 40.6
kg/cm2
Steam to carbon ratio = 3,1 min.
CH4 slip : max 12,5 %
Expected life : 2-4 th. Actual = 3 th. Install
terakhir Agt 2005
Parameter evaluasi : CH4 slip, P, ATE (approach
to Equilibrium T).
PRIMARY REFORMER
Spesifikasi katalis:
Bentuk :
size :
Ni :
K2O :
CaO Al2O3 :
SiO2 :
top
ten holes silinder
5/8 x 1/4
14 min
1.4 1.8
Balance
-
bottom
5/8 x 1/4
14 min
0.1
SECONDARY REFORMER
Autothermal reforming
Reaksi :
CH4 + H2O CO + 3 H2 H=49.3 kcal/gmol
CO + H2O CO2 + H2 H=-9.8 kcal/gmol
2H2 + O2 2H2O
H=-115.6kcal/gmolH2
Katalis : Nikel
Volume : 34.8 m3 (1 bed)
Kondisi operasi :T = 815 -1005 C P = 36,2
kg/cm2
CH4 slip = max 0,4 %
Expected life : 5-10 th. Actual = 6 th
Parameter evaluasi : CH4 slip, P
9
SECONDARY REFORMER
Spesifikasi katalis:
Bentuk :
size :
Ni :
Al2O3 :
top
ring
1.3 x 0.7
8 - 10
Balance
bottom
ring
5/8 x 5/8
8 - 10
Balance
CO Shift Conversion
CO + H2O CO2 + H2 H=-9.755 kcal/gmol
CO Shift Conversion
Low Temperature Shift (LTSC)
CO Shift Conversion
Spesifikasi katalis
Bentuk
Size
Fe2O3
Cr2O3
CuO
TOP
tablets
3/8 X 3/16
89 3.0
8.0 2.0
1.8 0.3
HTS
BOTTOM
tablets
3/8 X 3/16
89 3.0
9.0 2.0
-
13
CO Shift Conversion
Spesifikasi katalis
Bentuk
Size
CuO
ZnO
Al2O3
Na
LTS
tablets
1/4 X 1/8
42.0 2.04
47.0 3.04
10.0 2.5
0.06
14
METHANASI
Konversi sisa CO & CO2 dalam gas sintesa
menjadi CH4.
CO + 3 H2 CH4 + H2O
CO2 + 4 H2 CH4 + 2 H2O
H 1=-49.3 kcal/gmol CO in syn gas
H 2=-39.5 kcal/gmol CO2 in syn gas
Katalis : Nickel
Volume : 26.7 m3 (1 bed)
Kondisi operasi :T = 316 344 C
P = 32,2
kg/cm2
CO + CO2 slip = max 10 ppm
Expected life : 5 - 10 th. Actual = > 12 th
Parameter evaluasi : CO+CO2 slip, P, T bed.
15
METHANASI
Spesifikasi
- Bentuk
- Ukuran
- Ni
- Al2O3
- SiO2
- CaO
katalis
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Spheres
1/4X1/8
20 1
62 68
< 0.3
4.5 5.5
16
SINTESA AMONIAK
N2 + H2 2 NH3
Katalis
: Iron (bed 1= prereduced, bed 2A & 2B =
unreduced).
Volume total : 77 m3 (3 bed)
Kondisi operasi :
T = 232 459 C
P = 180 kg/cm2
H2/N2 = 3 : 1
Inert (CH4 & Ar) = 10 13 %
NH3 outlet = 17 %
Expected life : 5 - 10 th. Actual = 7.5 th
Parameter evaluasi: NH3 out (konversi design 30 %), P.
Typical problem : carry over oil dari kompressor, kadar
H2O dan CO2 dalam gas sintesa over.
Counter measure : drying out, ganti
17
SINTESA AMONIAK
Spesifikasi katalis :
Unreduced
Prereduced
Bentuk
Irregular Granules
Ukuran
1.5 - 3 mm
1.5 - 3 mm
3 6 mm
3 6 mm
Magnetite
Balance
Balance
K2O
0.8
1.1
CaO
1.7
2.2
Al2O3
2.4
3
18
Air
Primary Reformer
Secondary Reformer
LT. Shift Converter
HP Steam
Super Heater
Steam
Secondary Reformer
WHB
CH
HTS. Effluent
WHB
Desulfurized Vessel
LT Shift Converter
Syn Gas Compressor
2 nd Stage Separator
Fuel Gas
Molecular Sieve
Dryer
Synthesis Gas
Compressor
Syn Gas
Compressor
Suction Drum
HP Ammonia
Scrubber
Benfield
Recovery
Raw Gas
Separator
LP
HR
PGRU
CO2 Absorber
OVHD KO Drum
Ammonia Refrigerant
Compressor
CO2 Absorber
Methanator
Discharge Seal
Oil Separator
Ammonia Unitized Chiller
Ammonia Synthesis Converter
Refrigerant
Receiver
To Cold
Storage
Pump
Pump
To Urea
Ammonia
Separator
Fuel Gas
Recovery
Typical Poisons
Catalysts
Poisonous Materials
Steam
Reformer
Sulfur (temporary)
Arsenic (permanent)
HTS
Phosphorous,
Boron (permanent)
LTS
S, Halides, Arsenic,
aqueous NH3
(permanent)
Methanati
on
NH3
Synthesis
Oxygen bearing
compounds
(CO, CO2, O2, H2O, etc)
Limitations
S = 10 - 20 ppmV in
feed reduces catalyst
life to 1 year
[O] 3 ppmV in feed
20
Katalis ZnO
Katalis Primary
Reformer
Katalis CoMo
Katalis Secondary
Reformer
21
Katalis HTS
Katalis LTS
Katalis Methanator
23