FOREWORD

Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.

Praise author prayed to Almighty God for this book can finally be resolved. The
authors present book as a guide for students in learning mathematics.
Today, mathematics is one of the subjects that are still considered difficult to
understand and apply, but after studying the material in this book, the authors
hope that students are able to understand the material presented easily.
Beside that in this book also contain case of real life that related to concept of
the material, so student can fell the use of the material and its hoped can grow up
students motivation in studying.
Finally, the author would like to thank all those who have helped the realization of this book. Hopefully, this book is useful and can be used as a guide in the
study of mathematics.

Jember, April 2014

Writter

MAIN COMPETENCE

Main Competence 1
Appreciate and practice the teachings of their religion.

Main Competence 2

Respect and appreciate the honest behavior, discipline, responsibility, caring (tolerance,
mutual assistance), polite, confident, in interacting effectively with the social and natural
environment in a range of socially and presence.

Main Competence 3
Understand and apply knowledge (factual, conceptual, and procedural) based on his curiosity about science, technology, arts, culture and events related phenomena seem eye

Main Competence 4
Rework, Serve, and reasoning in the realm of concrete (using, parse, compose, modify,
and create) and the realm of the abstract (writing, reading, counting, drawing, and fabricated) according to the learned in schools and other sources in the same viewpoint /
theory

INSTRUCTION FOR USING THE BOOK

CONTENT

Cover ...........................................................................................................................
Foreword .....................................................................................................................
Instruction for Using the Book ......................................................................................
Main Competence .......................................................................................................

Table of Content ..........................................................................................................

Chapter V Ratio and Scale ............................................................................................
Basic Competence and Learning Experience ...........................................................
Mapping Concept .................................................................................................
Learning Material ..................................................................................................
5.3 Scale as a Ratio ............................................................................................
A. Scale Concept ..........................................................................................

B. Numerical Operation by Using Ratio and Scale ..........................................

Word to the Wish

Never-ending Job is a
Job that never Started

Chapter V
Ratio and Scale
Basic Competence and Learning Experience

Basic Competence
Through learning process of ratio and scale, students are able to :
use the concept of comparison to solve real problems with using tables and graphs.

Learning Experience
Through learning process of ratio and scale, students have a learning experience:

Are able to find a concept of scale as a ratio.

Are able to solve a problem that related to concept of ratio and scale.

Key Word :
Ratio
Scale

B. Mapping Concept

Ratio

Scale

Distance in
Figure

Distance in
Real

5.3 Scale as a Ratio

A. Concept of Scale

Figure 5.31

Scale = distance in a map / distance in real

The picture above is a picture of Java Island as a whole, but the picture above is not
displayed in detail about what is on the Java Island in fact, the picture above is a representation of the actual situation presented in the form of small images that use the concept
of scale. On the scale it says 1: 4,000,000, it means that 1 cm on the map equals 4,000,000
centimeters on the actual conditions, so that we get a concept of scale, namely:

Scale = distance in a map / distance in real

Example 5.1
At the map in figure 5.31 the distance from Banyuwangi to Surabaya is 3,4 cm and on that
map written 1 : 1.000.000. What is the real distance between both city?

SOLUTION
Given

Distance from Banyuwangi to Surabaya in map = 3,4 cm

Scale of the map = 1 : 1.000.000. Its mean that 1 cm in map is equal to 1.000.000 cm in
real.
Ask

What is the real distance between both city?

Answer

Distance between both city in map 3,4 cm = 3,4 x 1.000.000 = 3.400.000 cm in real
The real distance between both city is 3.400.000 cm = 34 km

Alternative Solution :
Scale = distance in a map / distance in real

= 34 km
So, the distance from Banyuwangi to Surabaya is 34 km.

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In other case a carpenter or photographer also use a concept of scale as a ratio, we

know about maket that use by an architecture, concept of maket almost the same with
scale, namely :

Scale concept also can be find when we want to print a photo, we know the measurement of photo, such as 3x4, 4x6, etc.

Example 5.2 :
Mr. John and family want to make a photo. The distance between Mr. John and his child
is 1,3 m and the photographer use a photo with a scale 1:10. What is the distance between Mr. John and his child in photo?

SOLUTION

Given

The real distance between Mr. John an his child = 1,3 m

Scale = 1:10. Its mean that 1 cm in photo is equal to 10 cm in real.
Ask

What is the distance between Mr. John and his child in photo?

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Answer
1 cm in photo = 10 cm in real
1 cm in real = 1/10 cm in photo
Distance between Mr. John and his child in real is 1,3 m = 130 cm
Distance between Mr. John and his child in photo is 130 x 1/10 = 13 cm

Individual Activity :
Make a group contain 3-4 person. Do activity 1, explain your result in front of class.

Activity 1.
The figure beside is a building in Australia
Figure 1 have measurement 2x3 cm, and

Figure 2 have measurement 4x6 cm.

a

What is the ratio between length in fugure-1

and figure 2?

b What is the ratio between width in figure-1

and figure 2?
c

Figure 1

What is the ratio between area in figure-1

and figure 2?

d What is the ratio between Circumference

In figure-1 and figure 2?
e. Is the ratio between length same to
the ratio between width of both figure?
Figure 2

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B. Numerical Operation by Using Ratio and Scale

There are so many example in daily life that relate to concept of ratio and scale, in
sub material before there are ratio in map, maket, and photographer. And in this sub
material there is a different example of application of ratio and scale, it can be found in
conversion in temperature, etc.

Case 2

Mr. John is getting fever, and its

temperature shows 40o C.
a. What is the temperature in
Reamure?
b. What is the temperature in
Fahrenheit?
Figure 5.32

Info :
Scale between some temperature :
C : R : F : K = 1000 : 800 : 1800 : 1000
=5:4:9:5
Scale Conversion from Celcius to Fahrenheit
F = C + 320

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SOLUTION
Given

Mr. John Temperature = 400 C.

Ask

a. Mr. John temperature in Reaumur (R) ?

b Mr. John temperature in Fahrenheit (F) ?
Answer

a. C : R = 5 : 4

Then, 400 C= 4/5 x 400 = (4 x 400)/5 = 1600 / 5 = 320 R

So, Mr. John temperature is 320 R.
b.

C:F=5:9
Then, 400 C= (9/5 x 400) + 320=(9 x 400)/5=(3600 / 5)+ 320 = 720 + 320 = 1040 R
So, Mr. John temperature is 1040 R.

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Group Discussion and Activity 2 :

Make a group contain 3-4 person. Do activity 1, compare your result with other groups

a. By using a ruler measure the distance between watuulo beach (number 1) to

bande alit beach (number 4)!
b. What is the real distance between both beach?

c. What is the scale of the map above?

d. If the distance between patemon swimming pool (number 11) and tancak water
fall (number 6) is 2,5 cm, than there is some one want to go to tancak water fall
from patemon swimming pool at 08.00 by riding a motor cycle with the velocity is
40km/hour. What time he will arrive to tancak?

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