ACTS&FACTS

VOL. 42 NO. 6

THE PARADOX OF

INSTITUTE FOR
CREATION RESEARCH
www.icr.org
JUNE 2013

The Latest from Dr. Henry M. Morris III

Exploring the Evidence for Creation:
Reasons to Believe the Biblical Account
s )S EVOLUTION COMPATIBLE
WITH BIBLICAL CREATION
s 7HAT DO ARCHAEOLOGY
GEOLOGY AND BIOLOGY TELL US
ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
4HOSE WHO AFlRM THE
SCRIPTURAL RECORD OF CREATION
ARE OFTEN ACCUSED OF IGNORING
SCIENTIlC RESEARCH "UT THE
MOST UP TO DATE lNDINGS
REVEAL THAT THE UNIVERSE COULD
NOT HAVE CREATED ITSELF AND
INANIMATE OBJECTS COULD NOT
HAVE SOMEHOW COMBINED TO
FORM LIVING ORGANISMS 4HE
PHILOSOPHY OF EVOLUTION AND
THE "IBLES TEACHING ABOUT CREATION
LEAD TO VERY DIFFERENT CONCLUSIONS ABOUT 'OD AND WHY
YOUR LIFE HAS MEANING )F YOU WANT TO HOLD AN INFORMED
UNDERSTANDING OF THESE VITAL ISSUES YOULL ENJOY THIS FRESH LOOK
AT THE CONVINCING EVIDENCE FOR CREATION

Book of Beginnings:
Volume One and Volume Two
-ANY #HRISTIANS TODAY
ARE CONFUSED ABOUT THE
SIGNIlCANCE OF THE BOOK
OF 'ENESIS )S IT ALLEGORY
OR MYTH )S IT hSPIRITUALv
TRUTH THAT SHOULDNT BE
TAKEN LITERALLY 4HE "IBLE
PRESENTS 'ENESIS AS ACTUAL
HISTORY )N VOLUME ONE OF
HIS "OOK OF "EGINNINGS
TRILOGY $R -ORRIS PRESENTS
COMMENTARY ON THE
'ENESIS CREATION ACCOUNT
THROUGH THE EVE OF THE
GREAT &LOOD OF JUDGMENT
)N VOLUME TWO HE EXPLORES
THE PRE &LOOD WORLD
.OAHS PREPARATIONS THE
TREMENDOUS DESTRUCTION
WREAKED BY THE DELUGE AND THE RESTART OF HUMAN HISTORY UP
THROUGH THE TIME OF !BRAHAM

$15.99 each

$13.99 each
plus shipping & handling

plus shipping & handling

Above books now also available in eBooks

The Henry Morris Study Bible

4HE WRITTEN 7ORD OF 'OD IS UNDER ATTACK IN OUR CULTURE LIKE NEVER BEFORE AND The Henry
Morris Study Bible IS hAN INVALUABLE TOOL FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE #HRISTIAN FAITHv ACCORDING TO
$R *OHN -AC!RTHUR
7ITH OVER  STUDY NOTES NO OTHER RESOURCE OFFERS THIS COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BIBLICAL
CREATION AND AUTHORITY OF 3CRIPTURE 4HIS  PAGE +ING *AMES "IBLE FEATURES  APPENDICES
FULL COLOR MAPS AND A CONCORDANCE $R (ENRY -ORRIS IS KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF MODERN
CREATION SCIENCE AND THE FOUNDER OF THE )NSTITUTE FOR #REATION 2ESEARCH

$39.99 each (casebound)

$94.99 each (leather)
plus shipping & handling

6ISIT THE )#2 STORE TODAY AT www.icr.org/store OR CALL 800.628.7640

CONTENTS

VOLUME 42 NUMBER 6
JUNE 2013

Published by
INSTITUTE FOR CREATION RESEARCH

P. O. Box 59029
Dallas, TX 75229
214.615.8300

FEATURE

www.icr.org

EXECUTIVE EDITOR

HENRY M. MORRIS III, D.MIN.

Jayme Durant

RESEARCH

SENIOR EDITOR

Beth Mull

Christine Dao

DESIGNER

Hiding from God in the Multiverse

JAKE HEBERT, PH.D.

EDITORS
Michael Stamp

The Paradox of Faith

Dennis Davidson

IMPACT

10 The Solar System

JASON LISLE, PH.D.

BACK TO GENESIS

No articles may be reprinted in whole or in

13 The Intriguing Ichthyosauran Evolutionary

Fish Story?

part without obtaining permission from ICR.

Copyright 2013

FRANK SHERWIN, M.A.

Institute for Creation Research

14 The La Brea Tar Pits Mystery

J O H N D. M O R R I S , P H . D. ,

14

AND

T I M O T H Y C L A R E Y , P H . D.

16 What Really Swallowed Jonah?

BRIAN THOMAS, M.S.

17 Introducing ICRs New Geologist:

Timothy Clarey, Ph.D.
APOLOGETICS

18 Siberian Huskies and the Dominion Mandate

JAMES J. S. JOHNSON, J.D., TH.D.

CREATION Q & A

20 Did Giants Ever Exist?

R A N D Y J . G U L I U Z Z A , P. E . , M . D .

STEWARDSHIP

18

21 The Glory of Godly Fathers

HENRY M. MORRIS IV
JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

FROM THE EDITOR

,OOKING &ORWARD

HIS ISSUE OF Acts & Facts WILL LAND IN YOUR MAILBOX

AND EMAIL INBOX ABOUT THE SAME TIME THAT )#2S LAT
EST BOOKGuide to Creation BasicsARRIVES AT THE
)#2 $ISTRIBUTION #ENTER SEE BACK COVER FOR MORE
INFORMATION  4HIS NEW BOOK IS THE RESULT OF YEARS OF RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT BY )#2S VERY OWN TEAM OF SCIENTISTS SCHOL
ARS AND EDITORS AND OUR GRAPHIC DESIGNER
7E TOOK YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO HEART AND WORKED TO PRO
DUCE A CREATION BASICS BOOK FOR THE LAYPERSON PRESENTING FUN
FACTS AND EVEN COMPLEX THEORIES AND RESEARCH IN AN UNDERSTAND
ABLE MANNER 7E ALSO HEARD YOUR REQUESTS FOR MORE VISUALS
EVERY PAGE CONTAINS HIGH IMPACT IMAGES TO MAKE EVERY TOPIC
ENJOYABLE AND THE MORE TECHNICAL CONCEPTS EASIER TO GRASP !LL
AGES WILL lND THIS BOOK COMPELLING AND HOMESCHOOLERS WILL
DISCOVER THIS TO BE A TREASURED RESOURCE FOR THEIR LIBRARY "ELIEV
ERS EVERYWHERE WILL lND IT A VALUABLE TOOL TO HELP THEM EXPLAIN
THEIR BELIEFS IN RECENT CREATION

!S $R (ENRY -ORRIS ))) SAYS IN HIS FEATURE ARTICLE THIS

MONTH PART OF FAITH IS hFORWARD LOOKINGv h4HE 0ARADOX OF
&AITHv PAGES    7E LOOK FORWARD TO TOUCHING YOUR LIFE AND
REACHING OTHERS WHO MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD BIBLICAL TRUTH PRE
SENTED IN A THOUGHT PROVOKING WAY 7E WILL CONTINUE TO INVES
TIGATE NEW TOOLS TO MAKE SCRIPTURAL TRUTHS ACCESSIBLE TO THOSE
WHO WANT TO UNDERSTAND BIBLICAL CREATION !S WE HAVE DONE FOR

ACTS

&

FACTS

JUNE 2013

YEARS WE WILL SEEK TO COMMUNICATE IN FRESH WAYS TO THOSE WHO

HUNGER FOR SOLID TRUTH THROUGH OUR MAGAZINE Acts & Facts DAILY
DEVOTIONAL Days of Praise FASCINATING BOOKS MOTIVATING CON
FERENCES VIDEOS EBOOKS RADIO PROGRAMS Thats a Fact VIDEO
SHORTS Creation Science Updates ONLINE NEWS ARTICLES AND OUR
APP AND WEBSITE
4HIS ISSUE PRESENTS ARTICLES FROM OUR HIGHLY SKILLED STAFF
$R *AKE (EBERTS ARTICLE EXPLAINS PROBLEMS WITH THE "IG "ANG
MODEL PAGE   $R *ASON ,ISLES ARTICLE ON THE SOLAR SYSTEM IS
PACKED WITH INFORMATION THAT WILL LEAVE YOU IN WONDER AT 'ODS
MAGNIlCENT UNIVERSE PAGES    $R 2ANDY 'ULIUZZAS
#REATION 1  ! DISCUSSION TACKLES THE PLAUSIBILITY OF GIANTS
PAGE   !ND (ENRY -ORRIS )6 CHALLENGES FATHERS TO BECOME
EQUIPPED TO BE LEADERS SO THEY CAN PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF GODLY
LIVING IN THEIR HOMES PAGE   4HESE ARE A SAMPLING OF THE
3CRIPTURE AFlRMING EVIDENCE AND INFORMATION YOULL lND DAILY
ON OUR WEBSITE AND IN )#2 PUBLICATIONS
7E EXIST TO INFORM YOU TO MOTIVATE YOU AND TO GLORIFY
OUR HEAVENLY &ATHER $R -ORRIS SAYS h%VIDENTLY THE VERY lRST
TEST OF FAITH LIES IN THE EVIDENCE OF THE CREATION ITSELF AND THE
SUBSTANCE OF THE MARVELOUS THINGS THE #REATOR HAS DONE 4HIS IS
PRECISELY WHY )#2 EXISTSv
h)#2 IS EQUIPPEDxPREPARED QUALIlED AND COMMIT
TEDSCIENTIlCALLY PROFESSIONALLY AND SPIRITUALLYv 7ERE MEET
ING NEEDS BUThMUCH MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE AND IT IS OUR HOPE
AND CONVICTION THAT MUCH MORE CAN BE DONEx0ARTNER WITH
)#2v
!S WE LOOK FORWARD TO THE MONTHS AND YEARS AHEAD WE
PRAY AND WE PLANWANTING TO ASSIST YOU WITH THE INFORMATION
YOU NEED WHEN YOU ENCOUNTER CHALLENGES TO YOUR FAITH7E LOOK
FORWARD TO SERVING YOU AS WE CONTINUE PROVIDING RESOURCES
THAT OFFER SCRIPTURAL TRUTHS SCIENTIlC EVIDENCE AND A VISION FOR
'ODS PURPOSES AND PLANS

Jayme Durant
EXECUTIVE EDITOR

H E N R Y

M .

M O R R I S

I I I ,

D . M

I N

THE PARADOX OF

And Jesus said unto him, No man, having put his

hand to the plough, and looking back, is fit for the
kingdom of God. (Luke 9:62)

EBREWS  RECORDS THE "IBLES PRE

CISE DElNITION OF FAITH h.OW FAITH IS
THE SUBSTANCE OF THINGS HOPED FOR THE
EVIDENCE OF THINGS NOT SEENv 4HE WORD

TRANSLATED hSUBSTANCEv IN THE +ING *AMES 6ERSION OF THE

"IBLE IS A 'REEK WORD THAT SIMPLY MEANS hSTANDING UN
DERv &AITH STANDS UNDER THE THINGS WE HOPE FOR /THER
"IBLE VERSIONS TRANSLATE THE WORD AS hASSURANCEv OR hBEING
SUREv 4HIS PART OF OUR FAITHTHE VERY SUBSTANCE OF OUR
HOPEIS FORWARD LOOKING

JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

4HE WORD RENDERED hEVIDENCEv IS THE

TRANSLATORS CHOICE FOR AN UNCOMPLICATED
'REEK WORD MEANING hPROOFv &AITH IS THE
PROOF OF THINGS hNOT SEENv /THER "IBLE VER
SIONS TRANSLATE THAT WORD AS hCERTAINv OR
hCONVICTIONv 4HIS PART OF OUR FAITHUN
MOVING CONVICTIONIS AWARE OF MATTERS
THAT WE CANNOT NOW MEASURE OR OBSERVE BUT
HAS CONlDENCE THAT THEY EXIST OR HAVE HAP
PENED IN THE PAST 0ERHAPS IT IS CORRECT TO
SAY THAT OUR FAITH IS CONlDENT OF THE FUTURE
FULlLLMENT OF 'ODS PROMISES BASED ON THE
CONVICTION THAT 'OD HAS DONE EXACTLY WHAT
(E SAID (E WOULD DO

(EREIN IS THE PARADOX OF FAITH CONTINU

OUSLY TESTED
%XAMPLES ARE PROVIDED TO US IN (E
BREWS  OFTEN CALLED THE h&AITH #HAPTERv
!BEL WAS MURDERED BY #AIN BECAUSE !BEL
hBY FAITHxOFFERED UNTO 'OD A MORE EXCEL
LENT SACRIlCE THAN #AINv (EBREWS  
4HE ACCOUNT IN 'ENESIS  SUGGESTS THAT !BEL
WAS FOLLOWING BY FAITH THE INSTRUCTIONS
THAT HAD BEEN GIVEN FOR A SUBSTITUTIONARY
SACRIlCEAND THAT #AIN ARROGANTLY REFUSED
APPARENTLY AFTER MANY YEARS TO OBEY THOSE
CLEAR INSTRUCTIONS !BEL LIVED AND WALKED
IN FAITH BASED ON EVIDENCE PROVIDED TO HIS
PARENTS BEFORE HE WAS EVEN BORN AND BASED
ON THE SUBSTANCE OF hTHINGS HOPED FORv THE
Salvation Basics
PROMISES OF A FUTURE REDEMPTION
4HERE ARE SEVERAL BASIC ISSUES INVOLVED
.OAH TOOK ACTION BASED ON THE EVI
WITH OUR hRESCUEv BY 'OD FROM THE
DENCE OF 'ODS WARNING hOF THINGS
SIN NATURE THAT WE ALL HAVE INHERITED
NOT SEEN AS YETv ABOUT A FUTURE JUDG
FROM !DAM 4HAT DEPRAVED CONDI
The Kingdom is facing intellectual
MENT AND THROUGH HIS OBEDIENCE
TION RENDERS US INCAPABLE OF SAVING
hBECAME HEIR OF THE RIGHTEOUSNESS
battles seldom seen in human history.
OURSELVES
WHICH IS BY FAITHv (EBREWS  
7E hWERE DEAD IN TRESPASSES AND
.OAH LIVED AND WALKED IN FAITH FOR
SINSv %PHESIANS  
A LONG TIME ENDURING UNTOLD RIDICULE AND
AND ARE SAVED 4HE PARADOX IS THAT THE HIS
7E ARE EACH A hNATURAL MANv AND CANNOT
EXPENDING VAST RESOURCES WHILE BUILDING THE
TORICAL FACT OF #HRISTS DEATH BURIAL AND RES
RECEIVE hTHE THINGS OF THE 3PIRIT OF 'ODx
!RK WITH HIS OBEDIENCE WHOLLY BASED ON THE
URRECTION ACCOMPLISHES AN ETERNAL WORK THAT
BECAUSE THEY ARE SPIRITUALLY DISCERNEDv
SUBSTANCE OF 'ODS 7ORD
IS NOT SEEN APART FROM THE CONVICTION THAT
 #ORINTHIANS  
!BRAHAM hWENT OUT NOT KNOWING
THE GOSPEL 3CRIPTURES ARE TRUE /NCE MADE
4HAT ALONE IS A PARADOX SINCE hWITHOUT
WHITHER
HE WENTv(EBREWS  AND WAITED
CERTAIN OF THE TRUTH OF 'ODS 7ORD WE THEN
FAITH IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO PLEASE ;'OD= FOR
OVER
TWO
DECADES FOR THE BIRTH OF A PROMISE
HOPE FOR A SALVATION hREADY TO BE REVEALED IN
HE THAT COMETH TO 'OD MUST BELIEVE THAT
THAT HAS YET TO BE COMPLETELY FULlLLED h&OR
THE LAST TIMEv  0ETER   4HE CONlDENCE
HE IS AND THAT HE IS A REWARDER OF THEM
HE LOOKED FOR A CITY WHICH HATH FOUNDATIONS
ABOUT EVENTS ACCOMPLISHED ON %ARTH IN THE
THAT DILIGENTLY SEEK HIMv (EBREWS  
WHOSE BUILDER AND MAKER IS 'ODv (EBREWS
PAST ENABLES US TO HAVE CONVICTION ABOUT
)F INDEED WE ARE SPIRITUALLY hDEADv AND
  (E HAD THE EVIDENCE OF 'ODS IN
PROMISES YET TO BE FULlLLED
CANNOT RECEIVE SPIRITUAL KNOWLEDGE FROM
STRUCTIONS AND THE SUBSTANCE OF 'ODS PROM
ISES BUT HIS LONG LIFE WAS lLLED WITH BOTH
Lifestyle Basics
WAITING AND TURMOIL BEFORE THE BIRTH OF THE
/NCE WE ARE TWICE BORN *OHN  
PROMISED HEIRh4HROUGH FAITH ALSO 3ARA HER
AND ARE hCREATED IN RIGHTEOUSNESS AND TRUE
SELF RECEIVED STRENGTH TO CONCEIVE SEED AND
HOLINESSv %PHESIANS   WE ARE TO hWALK
WAS DELIVERED OF A CHILD WHEN SHE WAS PAST
BY FAITHv  #ORINTHIANS  AND TO hLIVE
AGE BECAUSE SHE JUDGED HIM FAITHFUL WHO
BY FAITHv 2OMANS   )NDEED THIS IS SO
HAD PROMISEDv (EBREWS  
CLEARLY EXPECTED OF THE #HRISTIAN THAT WE ARE
4HE LONG LIST OF /LD 4ESTAMENT SAINTS
TOLD h.OW THE JUST SHALL LIVE BY FAITH BUT IF
hALL DIED IN FAITH NOT HAVING RECEIVED THE
ANY MAN DRAW BACK MY SOUL SHALL HAVE NO
PROMISES BUT HAVING SEEN THEM AFAR OFF
PLEASURE IN HIMv (EBREWS  
AND WERE PERSUADED OF THEM AND EMBRACED
6

ACTS

&

FACTS

JUNE 2013

THE 3PIRIT OF 'OD HOW THEN CAN WE BELIEVE

AND EXERCISE FAITH ABOUT A 'OD WHOM WE
CANNOT POSSIBLY KNOW 3IMPLY THIS 'OD
MUST (IMSELF DRAW US TO (IMSELF AND
GRANT US THE GIFT OF FAITH THAT ENABLES US TO
UNDERSTAND AND BELIEVE
h.O MAN CAN COME TO ME EXCEPT THE &A
THER WHICH HATH SENT ME DRAW HIMv *OHN
 
h&OR BY GRACE ARE YE SAVED THROUGH FAITH
AND THAT NOT OF YOURSELVES IT IS THE GIFT OF
'ODv %PHESIANS  
-UCH MORE COULD BE SAID ABOUT THIS
MARVELOUS GRACE THAT IS EXTENDED TO EVERY
PERSON BUT ONCE FAITH IS GIFTED THE EVIDENCE
OF 'ODS PROVISION THROUGH *ESUS #HRIST BE
COMES THE SUBSTANCE UPON WHICH WE BELIEVE

Science does confirm Scripture. God is trustworthy.

This is a wonderful time to be a Bible-believing Christian.
There is an enormous amount of demonstrable evidence
that the substance of Gods promises is valid.
THEM AND CONFESSED THAT THEY WERE STRANGERS
AND PILGRIMS ON THE EARTHv (EBREWS  
DEMONSTRATING THE COMPLETE FAITH PARADOX
OF CONlDENCE IN THE PRESENT hEVIDENCEv
BASED ON FUTURE hSUBSTANCEv
Faiths Foundation
)#2 SPEAKERS AND WRITERS ARE FOND OF
POINTING OUT THAT THE OPENING CHAPTERS OF
'ENESIS ARE FOUNDATIONAL TO THE REST OF 3CRIP
TURE "ELIEF IN THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE IS
CITED AS THE PRIMARY EXAMPLE OF FAITH (E
BREWS   4HE ,ORD *ESUS IS IDENTIlED AS
THE #REATOR IN SEVERAL SECTIONS OF 3CRIPTURE
*OHN   #OLOSSIANS   (EBREWS
  *ESUS INSISTED THAT !DAM AND %VE WERE
THE INITIAL PAIR IN hTHE BEGINNINGv
-ATTHEW  AND THAT THE ACCOUNT
OF .OAH AND THE HORRIBLE JUDGMENT
OF THE GREAT &LOOD WERE ACTUAL HISTOR
ICAL EVENTS -ATTHEW   
4HE APOSTLE 0ETER INSISTED
THAT THOSE WHO WOULD DENY THE CRE
ATION AND THE PLANET COVERING &LOOD WERE
hWILLINGLY IGNORANTv OF BOTH THE EVIDENCE
AND THE SUBSTANCE REVEALED IN 'ODS 7ORD
 0ETER    4HOSE WHO IGNORED .OAH
THAT hPREACHER OF RIGHTEOUSNESSv WERE SWEPT
AWAY IN THE AWFUL JUDGMENT OF THE #REATOR
ON THEhUNGODLYv  0ETER   %VIDENTLY THE
VERY lRST TEST OF FAITH LIES IN THE EVIDENCE OF
THE CREATION ITSELF AND THE SUBSTANCE OF THE
MARVELOUS THINGS THE #REATOR HAS DONE
4HIS IS PRECISELY WHY )#2 EXISTS
/UR CURRENT ERA DENIES BIBLICAL CRE
ATION MORE THAN ANY OTHER ERA SINCE THE
&LOOD OF .OAHS DAY 4HE CURRENT PHILOSO
PHY OF SCIENCE IS DOMINATED BY ATHEISTIC
NATURALISM 0OLITICS LAW AND SOCIOLOGY ARE
NOW LARGELY BASED ON EVOLUTIONARY ASSUMP
TIONS AS ARE THE VARIOUS OFFSHOOTS OF PHILOS
OPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY !PART FROM THE THREE
MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONS OF #HRISTIANITY *UDA
ISM AND )SLAM OTHER RELIGIOUS BELIEF SYSTEMS
ARE EITHER POLYTHEISTIC OR PANTHEISTIC 4HEO
LOGIANS HAVE ATTEMPTED TO HARMONIZE THESE

MAJORITY WORLDVIEWS WITH THE BIBLICAL MES

SAGEONLY TO DENIGRATE THE VERY 'OD THEY
CLAIM TO ESPOUSE
!PART FROM A PRECIOUS FEW #HRISTIAN
SCHOOLS COLLEGES AND SEMINARIES FUTURE
#HRISTIAN LEADERS ARE TAUGHT TO COMPROMISE
OR EVEN ABANDON THEIR FAITH IN THE "IBLE OR
THEY LEARN THAT THE CLEAREST EVIDENCE OF 'ODS
UNIQUE POWER AND AUTHORITY IS IRRELEVANT
4HOSE WHO WOULD CONSIDER THE SUBSTANCE OF
'ODS PROMISES ARE FACED WITH THE SPECIOUS
DICHOTOMY OF hCREATION BY EVOLUTIONv7HEN
THE FOUNDATIONAL TRUTHS OF 'ENESIS THE CRE
ATION THE &ALL OF MAN AND THE JUDGMENT OF
THE &LOOD ARE IGNORED OR DENIED THERE IS NO
BASIS FOR TRUST IN THE ABILITY OF 'OD TO CREATE
AND SAVE (IS TWICE BORN CHILDREN OR TO CARRY

Place your hand on the plow

and join with us.
OUT (IS ETERNAL JUDGMENT ON THOSE WHO RE
JECT (IS 3ON
4HIS IS WHY )#2 SPENDS ITS RESOURCES
ON SCIENTIlC RESEARCH
)F THE FACTS OF SCIENCE DO NOT CONlRM
THE WORDS OF 3CRIPTURE THEN 'OD IS NOT
TRUSTWORTHY )F WE CANNOT TRUST THAT WHICH
WE CAN TEST AND EVALUATE THEN WHY SHOULD
WE BELIEVE THE WORDS OF 'OD WHEN (E INSISTS
THAT WE MUST REPENT AND BELIEVE WHAT (E
SAYS ABOUT THE UNSEEN ETERNITY 3CIENCE does
CONlRM 3CRIPTURE 'OD IS TRUSTWORTHY 4HIS
IS A WONDERFUL TIME TO BE A "IBLE BELIEVING
#HRISTIAN 4HERE IS AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF
DEMONSTRABLE EVIDENCE THAT THE SUBSTANCE OF
'ODS PROMISES IS VALID "UT MANY CHURCHES
IGNORE OR FEEL THEIR LEADERS ARE UNQUALIlED TO
PRESENT THESE EVIDENCES
4HIS IS WHY )#2 HIRES PERSONNEL WHOSE
CREDENTIALS ARE IMPECCABLE 4HIS IS WHY )#2
ENCOURAGES ITS STAFF TO LIVE AND WALK BY FAITH
4HIS IS WHY )#2 TAKES THE TIME AND USES THE
MEANS TO PUBLISH MATERIAL DEVELOP HIGH

QUALITY PRESENTATIONS AND SEND ITS PROFES

SIONAL STAFF ACROSS THE NATION TO CONDUCT
SEMINARS ENCOURAGE PASTORS AND DISCIPLE
STUDENTS
4HE +INGDOM IS FACING INTELLECTUAL BAT
TLES SELDOM SEEN IN HUMAN HISTORY #HURCHES
ARE NOT NORMALLY EQUIPPED TO DEAL WITH THE
ARGUMENTS AND THE hLOFTY OPINIONSv THAT
ARE RAISED hAGAINST THE KNOWLEDGE OF 'ODv
 #ORINTHIANS   )#2 IS SO EQUIPPED
)#2 IS PREPARED QUALIlED AND COMMITTED
SCIENTIlCALLY PROFESSIONALLY AND SPIRITUALLY
)#2 IS BOTH SUCCESSFUL AND STABLE NOW ENTER
ING OUR RD YEAR OF NATIONAL MINISTRY REACH
ING MANY HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS
4HIS IS WHY )#2 ASKS FOR YOUR lNANCIAL
SUPPORT
2ESEARCH IS TIME CONSUMING
AND RESOURCE INTENSIVE 7E AT )#2
PROVIDE Acts & Facts AND Days of
Praise WITHOUT CHARGE 4ENS OF THOU
SANDS OF OUR BOOKS AND BOOKLETS ARE
GIVEN AWAY TO #HRISTIAN LEADERS EACH
YEAR !LL OF THIS IS MADE POSSIBLE BY YOUR AS
SISTANCE
)#2 SEMINARS AND CONFERENCES ARE A
MINISTRY THAT MUST BE EXPANDED #HURCHES
NEED HIGH QUALITY VIDEO TEACHING TOOLS TO
REACH THEIR STUDENTS AND YOUNG PROFESSION
ALS #HRISTIAN SCHOOLS AND HOMESCHOOL
FAMILIES NEED SOLID MATERIAL THAT PROVIDES
ACCURATE ANSWERS FOR THE WIDE RANGING QUES
TIONS FOSTERED BY AN ACADEMIC SYSTEM THAT
MOCKS THE FOUNDATIONAL TRUTHS UPON WHICH
FAITH IS BUILT
)#2 IS MEETING MANY OF THESE NEEDS
-UCH MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE AND IT IS OUR
HOPE AND CONVICTION THAT MUCH MORE CAN BE
DONE 0LACE YOUR HAND ON THE PLOW AND JOIN
WITH US 0ARTNER WITH )#2 TO DISSEMINATE THE
EVIDENCE AND DISPLAY THE SUBSTANCE OF THE
hFAITH WHICH WAS ONCE
DELIVERED UNTO THE SAINTSv
*UDE  
Dr. Morris is Chief Executive
Officer of the Institute for Creation
Research.
JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

EVENTS

Q JUNE 3-6
Murrieta Hot Springs, CA
2013 Senior Pastors Conference
714.979.4422

Q JUNE 12
Southlake, TX
Gateway Church
(J. Lisle) 817.328.1000

Q JUNE 26-29
Shirleysburg, PA
35th Annual Creation Festival Northeast
800.327.6921

Q JUNE 5
Southlake, TX
Gateway Church
(B. Thomas) 817.328.1000

Q JUNE 18-21
Greenville, SC
41st General Assembly of the
Presbyterian Church in America
678.825.1000

Q JUNE 29
Parker, TX
Celebrate Freedom 2013
972.870.9949

Q JUNE 6-8
Anaheim, CA
30th Annual CHEA Convention
562.864.2432
Q JUNE 9-10
Houston, TX
2013 SBC Pastors Conference
www.sbcpc.net

Q JUNE 19
Southlake, TX
Gateway Church
(H. Morris III, R. Guliuzza)
817.328.1000

Q JUNE 30
Fort Worth, TX
Glenview Baptist Church
(J. Williams) 817.281.3361
For more information on these events or to
schedule an event, please contact the ICR
Events Department at 800.337.0375 or
events@icr.org.

YOURORIGINSMATTER
Gateway Church Q June 5, 2012
Come hear Mr. Brian Thomas present What You Havent Been
Told about Dinosaurs at Gateway Church in Southlake, Texas.
 "LESSED 7AY s 3OUTHLAKE 48 
This message is part of a series this Summer at Gateway Church. Other presentations include:
Q June 12

Dr. Jason Lisle

Astronomy Reveals Creation

QJune 19

Drs. Henry Morris III and Randy Guliuzza

Why Genesis Matters and Behold His Beauty:
The Making of a Baby: Darwin or Design

For more information call  or visit 'ATEWAY0EOPLECOM

ACTS

&

FACTS

JUNE 2013

RESEARCH

J A K E

H E B E R T ,

. D .

Hiding from God in the Multiverse

ICR

RESEARCH SOMETIMES INVOLVES DETECTING mAWED LOGIC

IN COMMON EVOLUTIONARY ARGUMENTS /NE SUCH ARGU
MENT CLAIMS THAT SOMETHING CALLED THE hMULTIVERSEv REMOVES THE NEED
FOR A #REATOR )S THIS CLAIM VALID
)N AN ATTEMPT TO SOLVE SERIOUS PROBLEMS IN THE ORIGINAL "IG "ANG
MODEL SECULAR COSMOLOGISTS INVOKED SOMETHING CALLED hINmATIONv
AN ENORMOUS HYPOTHETICALhGROWTH SPURTvIN THE EARLY UNIVERSE /RIGI
NALLY THESE THEORISTS BELIEVED THAT INmATION WOULD HAVE COMPLETELY
ENDED SHORTLY AFTER THE "IG "ANG (OW
EVER THEY LATER CONCLUDED THAT DIFFER
ENT REGIONS OF SPACE STOPPED INmATING
AT DIFFERENT TIMES 4HIS WOULD RESULT IN
THE FORMATION OF hBUBBLEv OR hPOCKETv
REGIONS THAT CONTINUED TO EXPAND AT A
hNORMALv NON ACCELERATED RATE WHILE
THE SURROUNDING SPACE KEPT INmATING AT
THE FASTER RATE 4HESE POCKETS OF SPACE
WOULD BECOME IN EFFECT THEIR OWN
UNIVERSES ISOLATED FROM ONE ANOTHER
BY THE ENORMOUS SURROUNDING GULFS OF
STILL INmATING SPACE
4HEORISTS ALSO CONCLUDED THAT
INmATION WOULD NEVER COMPLETELY STOP
4HIS WOULD RESULT IN INlNITELY MANY
UNIVERSES IN A GREAT multiverse EACH
HAVING POSSIBLY DIFFERENT PHYSICAL CON
STANTS AND PERHAPS EVEN DIFFERENT LAWS
OF PHYSICS
3OME SECULARISTS ARGUE THAT A
MULTIVERSE REMOVES THE NEED FOR A
$ESIGNER CLAIMING THAT WITH INlNITELY MANY UNIVERSES IN EXISTENCE IT
WAS SIMPLY INEVITABLE THAT SOME OF THESE UNIVERSES WOULD HAVE PHYSI
CAL LAWS PERMITTING LIFE TO EXIST (ENCE THEY CLAIM A #REATOR IS NOT
NEEDED TO EXPLAIN OUR EXISTENCEWE EXIST AND LIVE SIMPLY BECAUSE OUR
PARTICULAR UNIVERSE ALLOWS LIFE TO EXIST
!T lRST GLANCE THIS MAY SOUND PLAUSIBLE (AVE EVOLUTIONISTS AC
TUALLY FOUND A NON MIRACULOUS EXPLANATION FOR OUR EXISTENCE
.O THEY HAVE NOT 4HEIR CLAIM IS PURE SPECULATION THERE IS NO
EVIDENCE THAT OTHER UNIVERSES ACTUALLY EXIST AT ALL "UT EVEN IF THEY did
EXIST THIS ARGUMENT STILL FALLS SHORT OF REASON
0ROPONENTS ARGUE THAT OURS IS ONE OF THE UNIVERSES WHOSE PHYSI
CAL LAWS ALLOW LIFE TO EXIST (OWEVER IT IS A FOREGONE CONCLUSION THAT
THE PHYSICAL LAWS IN OUR UNIVERSE PERMIT LIFE TO EXIST IF THEY DIDNT WE
WOULDNT BE HERE

)N ORDER FOR THE EVOLUTIONISTS ARGUMENT TO TRULY REMOVE THE NEED
FOR A #REATOR HOWEVER THESE PHYSICAL LAWS MUST DO MORE THAN SIMPLY

ALLOW LIFES EXISTENCETHEY MUST ALSO PERMIT spontaneous generation

THE NON MIRACULOUS DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE FROM NON LIFE "ECAUSE EVOLU
TIONISTS ARGUE THAT LIVING ORGANISMS CAME FROM NON LIVING CHEMICALS
THEY MUST ARGUE THAT SPONTANEOUS GENERATION OCCURRED AT LEAST ONCE
IN THE DISTANT PAST
4HIS RAISES AN OBVIOUS AND FAR MORE SUBSTANTIVE QUESTION $O
THE PHYSICAL LAWS IN OUR UNIVERSE PERMIT SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
!PPARENTLY NOT 3CIENTISTS HAVE NEVER OBSERVED SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION AND THERE ARE SEEMINGLY
INSURMOUNTABLE CHEMICAL AND PHYSI
CAL OBSTACLES TO IT EVER OCCURRING
7HETHER SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
COULD POSSIBLY OCCUR IN OTHER ALLEGED
UNIVERSES IS completely irrelevant TO THE
MATTER AT HAND SINCE SECULARISTS ARE
TRYING TO EXPLAIN APART FROM A #RE
ATOR THE EXISTENCE NOT OF LIFE IN other
UNIVERSES BUT OF THE EXISTENCE OF LIFE IN
this UNIVERSE
4HOSE ARGUING THAT A MULTIVERSE
EXPLAINS OUR EXISTENCE ARE IMPLIC
ITLY CLAIMING THAT WE LIVE IN A UNIVERSE
WHOSE LAWS OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
PERMIT SPONTANEOUS GENERATION "UT
THERE IS ABSOLUTELY NO EVIDENCE THAT
WE LIVE IN SUCH A UNIVERSE
(ENCE
EVOLUTIONISTS GAIN ABSOLUTELY nothing
BY MAKING THIS MULTIVERSE ARGUMENT
AND THEY REMAIN IN PRECISELY THE SAME
WISHFUL POSITION THAT THEY WERE IN before MAKING THE ARGUMENT 4HEY
assert THAT SPONTANEOUS GENERATION OCCURRED IN THE DISTANT PAST BUT
THEY HAVE NO IDEA OR EXPLANATION OF how IT COULD HAVE OCCURRED (ERE IS
MORE EVIDENCE THAT TURNING ONES BACK ON 'OD OFTEN INVOLVES TURNING
ONES BACK ON REASON ITSELF
!FTER SINNING !DAM AND %VE COULD NOT SUCCESSFULLY HIDE FROM
THE ,ORD IN THE 'ARDEN OF %DEN .OR CAN SECULAR COSMOLOGISTS HIDE
FROM (IM AMONG A FOREST OF NON EXISTENT UNIVERSES

References
 3TEINHARDT 0 *  4HE )NmATION $EBATE Scientific American.     
 &OLGER 4 3CIENCES !LTERNATIVE TO AN )NTELLIGENT #REATOR 4HE -ULTIVERSE 4HEORY 0OSTED ON DIS
COVERMAGAZINECOM .OVEMBER   ACCESSED -AY  
 -C#OMBS #  %VOLUTION (OPES 9OU $ONT +NOW #HEMISTRY
4HE 0ROBLEM WITH #HIRALITY Acts & Facts   
 -C#OMBS #  %VOLUTION (OPES 9OU $ONT +NOW #HEMISTRY
4HE 0ROBLEM OF #ONTROL Acts & Facts   
 -C#OMBS #  #HEMISTRY BY #HANCE ! &ORMULA FOR .ON ,IFE
Acts & Facts    

Dr. Hebert is Research Associate at the Institute for Creation Research and received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Texas
at Dallas.
JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

I M PA C T

The Solar System

J A S O N

L I S L E ,

NE OF THE WONDERFUL THINGS

ABOUT ASTRONOMY IS THAT IT
IS SO DIFFERENT FROM OUR
EVER YDAY EXPERIENCE
4HINGS ARE NOT WHAT THEY
MIGHT SEEM AT lRST GLANCE 7HO COULD HAVE
GUESSED THAT THOSE TINY LITTLE SPECKS OF LIGHT
IN OUR NIGHT SKY ARE ACTUALLYhSUNSvHUNDREDS
OF TIMES LARGER THAN %ARTH 7HO WOULD HAVE
10

ACTS

&

FACTS

JUNE 2013

. D .

SUSPECTED THAT THE hEVENING STARv IS ACTUALLY A

ROCKY PLANET ABOUT THE SAME SIZE AS OUR OWN
(OW UNEXPECTED TO lND THAT THE SOLID EARTH
BENEATH OUR FEET IS ACTUALLY MOVING AT 
MILES PER HOUR AROUND THE SUN ALL THE WHILE
SPINNING LIKE A TOP
'OD HAS CONSTRUCTED
THE UNIVERSE IN A TRULY MARVELOUS WAY !S WE
STUDY IT THE UNIVERSE CONTINUALLY SURPRISES
AND DELIGHTS US BY CHALLENGING OUR UNDER

STANDING OF HOW THINGS WORK

/UR SOLAR SYSTEM IS A GREAT EXAMPLE
OF THIS 7E CAN ACTUALLY SEE MUCH OF THE SO
LAR SYSTEM ON A CLOUDLESS NIGHT -OST OF THE
PLANETS ARE VISIBLE TO THE UNAIDED EYEAP
PEARING AS TINY POINTS OF LIGHT )N REALITY THEY
ARE ENORMOUS SPHERES SOME COMPARABLE
IN SIZE TO THE EARTH WHILE OTHERS ARE MUCH
LARGER 4HE SUN AND MOON ARE VISIBLE AS SMALL

IN ASTRONOMY IS A SURPRISING AND DELIGHTFUL

REVELATION THAT 'OD IS EVEN MORE AMAZING
CREATIVE AND POWERFUL THAN WE PREVIOUSLY
SUPPOSED
4HE SOLAR SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THE SUN
AND EVERYTHING THAT ORBITS THE SUN /RBITING
BODIES INCLUDE THE EIGHT PLANETS ASTEROIDS
COMETS CENTAURS TRANS .EPTUNIAN OBJECTS
AND DUST 4HE LARGEST AND MOST MASSIVE OB
JECT IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM IS THE SUN ITSELF )T IS
A SPHERE OF HYDROGEN AND HELIUM GAS HELD
TOGETHER BY ITS OWN GRAVITY 7ITH A DIAMETER
OF  MILES THE SUN IS  TIMES WIDER
THAN %ARTH )T CONSTITUTES  PERCENT OF ALL

POSITIONS )N ORDER OF INCREASING DISTANCE

FROM THE SUN THEY ARE -ERCURY6ENUS %ARTH
AND -ARS 4HE REMAINING FOUR PLANETS ARE
CALLED gas giants OR Jovians hLIKE *UPITERv 
4HEY ARE MUCH LARGER THAN TERRESTRIALS BUT
ARE COMPRISED PRIMARILY OF HYDROGEN AND
HELIUM GAS RATHER THAN DENSE MATERIALS LIKE
ROCK !S WITH THE SUN THESE BALLS OF GAS ARE
HELD TOGETHER BY THEIR OWN GRAVITY !S WE
MOVE AWAY FROM THE SUN THE GAS GIANTS ARE
*UPITER 3ATURN 5RANUS AND .EPTUNE 4HE
OUTER TWO PLANETS 5RANUS AND .EPTUNE
ARE SMALLER THAN *UPITER AND 3ATURN AND ARE
SOMETIMES CALLED ice giants INSTEAD OF GAS GI

Every new discovery in astronomy is a surprising and

delightful revelation that God is even more amazing,
creative, and powerful than we previously supposed.
THE MASS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 9ET FROM OUR
VIEW ON %ARTH WE CAN EASILY COVER THE SUN
WITH ONE lNGER HELD AT ARMS LENGTH 4HE
SUN ONLY APPEARS SO SMALL IN OUR SKY BECAUSE
IT LIES AT AN AMAZING DISTANCE AWAY FROM US
 MILLION MILES ! CAR TRAVELLING AT  MILES
PER HOUR WOULD TAKE  YEARS TO TRAVEL SUCH
A DISTANCE )T BOGGLES THE MIND
The Planets

CIRCLES IN OUR SKY 9ET IN REALITY THE MOON IS

AS LARGE IN DIAMETER AS THE CONTINENTAL 5NIT
ED 3TATES AND THE SUN IS  TIMES WIDER THAN
THE MOON 4HE STARS SUN MOON AND PLANETS
RISE AND SET WITH CLOCKWORK PRECISION 4HEY
SEEM TO PAY TRIBUTE TO THE EARTH AS THEY RE
SPECTFULLY CIRCLE AROUND THEIR MASTER "UT THE
TRUTH OF THE MATTER IS THAT %ARTH ROTATES AS IT
MOVES AROUND THE SUN %VERY NEW DISCOVERY

4HE NEXT LARGEST OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR

SYSTEM ARE THE PLANETS *UPITER IS THE LARGEST
PLANET WITH A DIAMETER OF  MILES OR
ABOUT  TIMES THE DIAMETER OF %ARTH 3AT
URN IS THE NEXT LARGEST FOLLOWED BY 5RANUS
.EPTUNE %ARTH 6ENUS -ARS AND -ERCURY
/LDER TEXTBOOKS LIST 0LUTO AS THE SMALLEST
PLANET BUT MOST ASTRONOMERS NOW CLASSIFY
0LUTO AS A hDWARF PLANETv OR TRANS .EPTUNI
AN OBJECT LEAVING -ERCURY WITH THE TITLE OF
hSMALLEST PLANETv !LL EIGHT PLANETS ORBIT THE
SUN IN THE SAME DIRECTION COUNTERCLOCKWISE
AS VIEWED FROM %ARTHS NORTH POLE AND ARE
VERY NEARLY IN THE SAME PLANE 4HIS PLANE IS
CALLED THE ecliptic.
4HE FOUR PLANETS NEAREST THE SUN ARE
CALLED terrestrial hEARTHLIKEv  4HEY ARE RELA
TIVELY SMALL WORLDS WITH DENSE ROCKY COM

ANTS DUE TO THEIR HIGH ABUNDANCE OF VARIOUS

FORMS OF ICE
Solar System Distances
$ISTANCES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM ARE OFTEN
LISTED IN TERMS OF ASTRONOMICAL UNITS !5 
7E DElNE  !5 AS THE AVERAGE DISTANCE BE
TWEEN THE EARTH AND THE SUN WHICH IS ABOUT
 MILLION MILES !STRONOMICAL UNITS ARE
MUCH MORE CONVENIENT FOR CONVEYING DIS
TANCES WITHIN THE SOLAR SYSTEM THAN MILES OR
KILOMETERS WHICH CAN BECOME UNWIELDY TO
CONTEMPLATE ON SUCH VAST SCALES -ERCURY
IS ONLY  !5 FROM THE SUN WHEREAS THE
DISTANCE OF 6ENUS IS  !5 4HE ORBIT OF
-ARS AVERAGES  !5 FROM THE SUN 3O
THE TERRESTRIAL WORLDS ARE ALL WITHIN  !5
OF EACH OTHER AT ALL TIMES "UT THE GAS GI
ANTS ORBIT CONSIDERABLY FARTHER OUT *UPITER
ORBITS AT  !5 AND 3ATURN IS  !5
PUTTING IT AT AROUND  BILLION MILES FROM
THE SUN
5RANUS IS  !5 FROM THE SUN
AND .EPTUNE LIES AT A DISTANCE OF  !5
ALMOST  BILLION MILES TIMES FARTHER
FROM THE SUN THAN %ARTH
4HE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE PLANETS IS
ASTONISHING AND DIFlCULT TO VISUALIZE -OST
TEXTBOOK ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

11

I M PA C T

ENLARGE THE PLANETS BY ENORMOUS FACTORS IN

ORDER FOR THEM TO BE VISIBLE ALONG WITH THEIR
ORBITS LIKE THE ILLUSTRATION IN THIS ARTICLE 
)N REALITY THE PLANETS ARE DWARFED BY THEIR
DISTANCES FROM THE SUN 4HE 5NIVERSITY OF
#OLORADO HAS A SCALE MODEL OF THE SOLAR SYS
TEM WITH THE SUN REPRESENTED BY A  INCH
SPHERE ON A PEDESTAL PLACED JUST OUTSIDE &ISKE
0LANETARIUM 4HE EARTH IS LOCATED ON A PED
ESTAL  FEET AWAY 4HE PLANET ITSELF IS SHOWN
AT THE SAME SCALE AS A TINYhBUMPvABOUT 
OF AN INCH -ERCURY6ENUS AND -ARS ARE JUST

MAKING THE RESULTING ELLIPSE ALMOST INDISTIN

GUISHABLE FROM A CIRCLE "UT FOR A COMET THE
ELLIPSE CAN BE VERY ELONGATED
*OHANNES +EPLER ALSO DISCOVERED THAT
ANY GIVEN PLANET hSWEEPS EQUAL AREAS IN
EQUAL TIMESv )N OTHER WORDS PLANETS SPEED
UP WHEN THEY ARE CLOSER TO THE SUN AND SLOW
DOWN WHEN FARTHER AWAY 4HIS IS +EPLERS
SECOND LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION +EPLER FUR
THER FOUND A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SIZE
OF A PLANETS ORBIT AND THE TIME IT TAKES THE
PLANET TO GO AROUND THE SUN ONCE 3PECIlCAL

Laws of nature are not a substitute for Gods power;

rather, they are examples of it. Gods consistent and
law-like sovereignty over the universe makes
astronomy possible.
A FEW FEET AWAY "UT *UPITER IS CONSIDERABLY
FARTHER OUT AND IS THE SIZE OF A MARBLE 4O GET
TO .EPTUNE A PERSON MUST WALK ALL THE WAY
TO THE OTHER SIDE OF CAMPUS A STROLL OF ABOUT
 MINUTES 4HE ORBITS OF THE OUTER PLANETS
HAVE CONSIDERABLY MORE SPACE BETWEEN THEM
THAN THE ORBITS OF THE INNER PLANETS
Planetary Orbits
4HE ORBITS OF ALL THE PLANETS ARE NEARLY
CIRCULAR #REATION SCIENTIST *OHANNES +EPLER
IN THE TH CENTURY DISCOVERED THE TRUE
SHAPE OF THESE ORBITS (E ANALYZED DATA FROM
THE ORBIT OF -ARS THAT HAD BEEN OBTAINED BY
4YCHO "RAHE +EPLER DISCOVERED THAT PLANETS
ORBIT IN ELLIPSEShSQUASHEDv CIRCLES ! CIRCLE
IS DElNED AS THE SET OF ALL POINTS IN A PLANE
EQUIDISTANT FROM A GIVEN POINT !N ELLIPSE IS
THE SET OF ALL POINTS IN A PLANE WHOSE DISTANCE
FROM TWO lXED POINTS GIVES THE SAME SUM
4HE TWO POINTS ARE CALLED hFOCIv PLURAL 
EACH ONE IS A hFOCUSv SINGULAR  +EPLER ALSO
FOUND THAT THE SUN WAS LOCATED EXACTLY AT ONE
FOCUS THE OTHER FOCUS IS EMPTY  4HE FACT
THAT PLANETS ORBIT IN ELLIPSES WITH THE SUN AT
ONE FOCUS IS REFERRED TO AS +EPLERS lRST LAW OF
PLANETARY MOTION +EPLER DID NOT KNOW WHY
ORBITS WERE LIKE THIS NOR DID ANYONE ELSE UN
TIL THE TIME OF )SAAC .EWTON &OR THE PLANETS
THE TWO FOCI ARE RELATIVELY CLOSE TO EACH OTHER
12

ACTS

&

FACTS

JUNE 2013

LY THE PERIOD OF THE ORBIT IN YEARS IS EQUAL

TO THE CUBE OF THE PLANETS AVERAGE DISTANCE
FROM THE SUN IN !5 )N OTHER WORDS PLANETS
THAT ORBIT CLOSE TO THE SUN HAVE SHORT PERI
ODS WHEREAS THOSE THAT ORBIT FAR AWAY FROM
THE SUN HAVE VERY LONG PERIODS &OR EXAMPLE
-ERCURY HAS A DISTANCE OF  !5 AND OR
BITS THE SUN IN ONLY  DAYS  YEARS 
.EPTUNE HAS A DISTANCE OF  !5 AND A PE
RIOD OF JUST UNDER  YEARS )N BOTH CASES
THE SQUARE OF THE PERIOD IS EQUAL TO THE CUBE
OF THE DISTANCE +EPLER DIDNT KNOW WHY THIS
RULE WORKED )T WAS A MYSTERY UNTIL .EWTON
CAME ON THE SCENE
!LTHOUGH +EPLERS LAWS WERE DISCOV
ERED IN RELATION TO PLANETS THEY WORK EQUALLY
WELL FOR ASTEROIDS CENTAURS TRANS .EPTUNIAN
OBJECTS AND COMETS 4HESE LAWS ALSO APPLY
TO ORBITS OF MOONS )T WAS ANOTHER CREATION
SCIENTIST WHO DISCOVERED THE PRINCIPLES BE
HIND +EPLERS LAWS )SAAC .EWTON A BRILLIANT
SCIENTIST AND "IBLE SCHOLAR DISCOVERED AND
RIGOROUSLY PROVED THAT GRAVITY IS THE CAUSE
OF THE ORBITAL MOTIONS OF PLANETS 4HE CLOSER
A PLANET IS TO THE SUN THE FASTER IT ORBITS BE
CAUSE THE SUNS GRAVITY IS STRONGER .EWTONS
DISCOVERIES OF THE LAWS OF MOTION AND GRAV
ITY ALLOWED HIM TO MATHEMATICALLY PROVE ALL
THREE OF +EPLERS LAWS FROM lRST PRINCIPLES
(E ALSO MODIlED +EPLERS THIRD LAW TO IN
CLUDE THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MASSES ON THE

CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY ALLOWING US TO

USE .EWTONS VERSION OF +EPLERS THIRD LAW
FOR MOONS OR FOR OTHER SOLAR SYSTEMS WITH
STARS OF DIFFERENT MASSES
The Laws of the Universe
"IBLE CRITICS SOMETIMES VIEW LAWS OF
NATURE AS A REPLACEMENT FOR 'ODS POWER
"UT THAT CERTAINLY IS NOT A BIBLICAL VIEW 4HE
"IBLE TEACHES THAT 'OD DIRECTLY CONTROLS THE
UNIVERSETHAT BY THE EXPRESSION OF (IS
POWER EVERYTHING IS UPHELD (EBREWS  
'OD IS NOT A GOD OF CONFUSION  #ORINTHI
ANS   BUT UPHOLDS THE UNIVERSE IN A
CONSISTENT AND OFTEN PREDICTABLE WAY ,AWS
OF NATURE ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR 'ODS
POWER RATHER THEY ARE EXAMPLES OF IT 'ODS
CONSISTENT AND LAW LIKE SOVEREIGNTY OVER THE
UNIVERSE MAKES ASTRONOMY POSSIBLE
4HE SOLAR SYSTEM IS A LESSON IN HUMIL
ITY 7HEN WE CONTEMPLATE THE SIZES OF THESE
WORLDS THE DISTANCES INVOLVED AND THE 'OD
WHO HOLDS EVERY ATOM IN ITS PLACE IT IS AMAZ
ING TO THINK SUCH A 'OD WOULD SHOW SO
MUCH COMPASSION AND MERCY TOWARD US
h7HEN ) CONSIDER 9OUR HEAVENS THE WORK OF
9OUR lNGERS 4HE MOON AND THE STARS WHICH
9OU HAVE ORDAINED 7HAT IS MAN THAT 9OU
ARE MINDFUL OF HIM !ND THE SON OF MAN THAT
9OU VISIT HIMv 0SALM   
References
 #ENTAURS ARE MINOR PLANETS THAT ORBIT PRIMARILY IN BETWEEN
*UPITER AND .EPTUNE AND POSSESS CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH AS
TEROIDS AND COMETS
 )T IS NOT SAFE TO LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE SUN WITHOUT SPECIALIZED
EQUIPMENT 6IEWING THE SUN WITHOUT SUCH EQUIPMENT CAN
CAUSE PERMANENT DAMAGE TO THE EYE
 )N ASTRONOMY hICEv REFERS TO ANY SOLID THAT WOULD BE GAS OR
LIQUID UNDER CONDITIONS ON %ARTH 4HE ICE FOUND IN THE SO
LAR SYSTEM CAN INCLUDE WATER ICE (/  AS WELL AS METHANE
#(  CARBON DIOXIDE #/  AND AMMONIA .( 
 &OR SOME COMETS +EPLERS lRST LAW TAKES ON A MODIlED
FORM !N ELLIPSE IS MERELY ONE OF THREE POSSIBLE CONIC SEC
TIONS THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CURVES THAT CAN BE OBTAINED BY
INTERSECTING A CONE WITH A PLANE  THE OTHER TWO BEING A PA
RABOLA AND A HYPERBOLA 3OME COMETS HAVE A PARABOLIC OR
SLIGHTLY HYPERBOLIC TRAJECTORY RATHER THAN A CLOSED ELLIPSE
"UT THE SUN REMAINS AT THE FOCUS AND +EPLERS SECOND LAW
REMAINS UNCHANGED
 4HE CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY IN +EPLERS THIRD LAW IS DIF
FERENT FOR ORBITS OF MOONS THAN IT IS FOR ORBITS OF PLANETS
4HIS CONSTANT IS DETERMINED BY THE MASS OF THE SYSTEM AND
PLANETS HAVE A DIFFERENT MASS THAN THE SUN "UT THE PROPOR
TIONALITY CONTINUES TO HOLD THE
SQUARE OF THE PERIOD IS PROPOR
TIONAL TO THE CUBE OF THE AVERAGE
DISTANCE

Dr. Lisle is Director of Research

at the Institute for Creation Research and received his Ph.D. in
Astrophysics from the University of
Colorado.

BACK TO GENESIS

F R A N K

S H E R W I N ,

M . A .

The Intriguing Ichthyosaur

an Evolutionary Fish Story?

HE ICHTHYOSAUR A FASCINATING
MARINE REPTILE OF THE PRE &LOOD
WORLD WAS CREATED ON $AY &IVE OF
THE SIX DAY CREATION
$ARWINISTS DO NOT KNOW FROM WHICH
CREATURES THESE REPTILES EVOLVED HYPOTH
ESIZING THAT hEARLYv ICHTHYOSAURS WERE LIZARD
SHAPED AND THE lSH SHAPED ICHTHYOSAURS
SUPPOSEDLY EVOLVED FROM THEM "UT NOT ONLY
HAS THEIR SUPPOSED EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY BEEN
RECENTLY REWRITTEN THEIR FOSSIL DEPOSITION
WITH ANKYLOSAURS CLAMS AND AMMONITES RE
mECTS AN ALTOGETHER CATASTROPHIC EVENT
4HE TYPICAL Ichthyosaurus SUDDENLY
APPEARS IN *URASSIC SEDIMENTARY LAYERS AS
 PERCENT Ichthyosaurus )N  "ARBARA
3TAHL SAID h4HE ORIGIN OF THE ICHTHYOSAURS
IS A PROBLEM WHICH REMAINS WHOLLY UNRE
SOLVEDv 4EN YEARS LATER -ICHAEL $ENTON
SHOWS ICHTHYOSAURS SUDDENLY APPEARING VIA
hHYPOTHETICAL UNKNOWN TRANSITIONAL SPE
CIESv 4HE LATE %DWIN #OLBERT STATED h4HE
BASIC PROBLEM OF ICHTHYOSAUR RELATIONSHIPS IS
THAT NO CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE CAN BE FOUND FOR
LINKING THESE REPTILES WITH ANY OTHER REPTIL

IAN ORDERv !ND RECENTLY )VAN 3CHWAB OF 5#

$AVIS SAIDh4HEIR DESCENT REMAINS ENIGMAT
IC AND CONTROVERSIALv :OOLOGIST +ENNETH
+ARDONG ADDED h&ROM DEPOSITS FROM THE
EARLY 4RIASSIC THE lRST ICHTHYOSAURS APPEAR
ALREADY TO HAVE BEEN AQUATIC SPECIALISTSv
)N ALL CASES THEY JUST APPEAR IN THE
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS AS PREDICTED BY THE CRE
ATION MODEL )N  .ACHIO -INOURA DIS
COVERED AN ALLEGED h MILLION YEAR OLDv
FOSSIL ICHTHYOSAUR Utatsusaurus IN *APAN
(E AND LEAD AUTHOR 2YOSUKE -OTANI MAIN
TAIN Utatsusaurus SHOWS FEATURES MIDWAY
BETWEEN THE TERRESTRIAL AND hMORE EVOLVED
ICHTHYOSAURSv 4HIS IS INCORRECT -ICHAEL
"ENTON SAIDh)T SHOWS TYPICAL ICHTHYOSAURIAN
CHARACTERSv AND HE LITERALLY CALLS IT AN ICH
THYOSAUR )F Utatsusaurus WAS MIDWAY IE
A hTRANSITIONAL FORMv  WHY DONT EVOLUTION
ISTS COLLECTIVELY CHAMPION IT AS SUCH :OOLO
GIST -ICHAEL !LLABY DOESNT .OR DO BIOLO
GISTS -ICHAEL 4HAIN OR -ICHAEL (ICKMAN
! RATHER AMUSING DESCRIPTION OF ichthyosaurus SUPPOSEDLY EVOLVING FROM AN
hANCIENT TERRESTRIAL REPTILEv IS PRESENTED BY

PALAEONTOLOGIST $AVID -ARTILL IN A 'ERMAN

REFERENCE
4HIS SEA GOING REPTILE WITH TERRESTRIAL
ANCESTORS CONVERGED SO STRONGLY ON
lSHES THAT IT ACTUALLY EVOLVED A DORSAL
lN AND TAIL IN JUST THE RIGHT PLACE AND
WITH JUST THE RIGHT HYDROLOGICAL DESIGN
4HESE STRUCTURES ARE ALL THE MORE RE
MARKABLE BECAUSE THEY EVOLVED FROM
NOTHINGTHE ANCESTRAL TERRESTRIAL REP
TILE HAD NO HUMP ON ITS BACK OR BLADE
ON ITS TAIL TO SERVE AS A PRECURSOR
!N APPEAL OF ANY STRUCTURE EVOLVING
hFROM NOTHINGv IS ABSURD AND QUITE UNSCI
ENTIlC )N ADDITION -ARTILL REFERRED TO CON
VERGENCE BUT CREATION SCIENTIST 'ARY 0ARKER
SAID h#ONVERGENCE IN THE SENSE OF SIMILAR
STRUCTURES DESIGNED TO MEET SIMILAR NEEDS
WOULD BE EXPECTED OF COURSE ON THE BASIS OF
CREATION ACCORDING TO A COMMON DESIGNv
&ROM ITS MASSIVE EYES TO THE REVERSE HETERO
CERCAL TAIL THE AWESOME ICHTHYOSAUR IS A
CLEAR TESTAMENT TO BIBLICAL CREATION
References
 4HOMAS " -ARINE 2EPTILE &OSSIL 2EWRITES %VOLUTION Creation Science Updates 0OSTED ON ICRORG *ANUARY  
ACCESSED !PRIL  
 3TAHL "  Vertebrate History: Problems in Evolution
.EW 9ORK -C'RAW (ILL 
 $ENTON -  Evolution: A Theory in Crisis "ETHESDA
-$ !DLER  !DLER 
 #OLBERT % ET AL  Colberts Evolution of the Vertebrates
TH ED .EW 9ORK 7ILEY ,ISS 
 3CHWAB )  Evolutions Witness .EW 9ORK /XFORD 5NI
VERSITY 0RESS 
 +ARDONG +  Vertebrates TH ED .EW 9ORK -C'RAW
(ILL 
 3ANDERS 2h&ISH ,IZARDSv 4URN /UT TO BE -ORE ,IZARD THAN
&ISH "ERKELEYAN 0OSTED ON BERKELEYEDU *ULY   AC
CESSED !PRIL  
 "ENTON -  Vertebrate Paleontology RD ED -ALDEN
-! "LACKWELL 0UBLISHING  
 !LLABY -  Oxford Dictionary of Zoology .EW 9ORK
/XFORD 5NIVERSITY 0RESS
 4HAIN - AND - (ICKMAN  Dictionary of Biology
TH ED .EW 9ORK 0ENGUIN "OOKS
 -ARTILL $ -  3OUPY 3UBSTRATES ! -EDIUM FOR THE
%XCEPTIONAL 0RESERVATION OF )CHTHYOSAURS OF THE 0OSIDONIA
3HALE ,OWER *URASSIC OF 'ERMANY Kaupia - Darmstdter
Beitrge zur Naturgeschichte   
 *OHNSON *  4HE %VIDENCE OF
.OTHING Acts & Facts.    
 0ARKER '  Creation: Facts
of Life 'REEN &OREST !2 -ASTER
"OOKS 

Mr. Sherwin is Research Associate, Senior Lecturer, and Science

Writer at the Institute for Creation
Research
JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

13

BACK TO GENESIS

THE LA BREA TAR PITS

MYSTERY

J O H N

D .

M O R R I S ,

. D . ,

A N D

T I M O T H Y

C L A R E Y,

ODERN COLLEGE TEXTBOOKS STILL MAINTAIN

THAT THE FAMOUS 2ANCHO ,A "REA TAR PITS
IN SOUTHERN #ALIFORNIA ARE EVIDENCE OF
STICKY TAR LIKE MATERIAL BITUMEN TRAP
PING AND ENGULlNG ANIMALS SLOWLY OVER TIME !N ALTER
NATIVE EXPLANATION CONTENDS THAT THE COLLECTION OF FOSSILS
IS THE RESULT OF CATASTROPHIC WATER TRANSPORTED BY EPISOD
IC mOODING EVENTS DURING THE )CE !GE  
4HE PITS ARE FAMOUS FOR THEIR RICH COLLECTION OF
0LEISTOCENE %POCH OR )CE !GE FAUNA INITIALLY EXCAVATED BY
THE 5NIVERSITY OF #ALIFORNIA "ERKELEY AND THE ,OS !N
GELES #OUNTY -USEUM OF .ATURAL (ISTORY BETWEEN 
14

ACTS

&

FACTS

JUNE 2013

. D .

AND  /VER  TYPES OF VERTEBRATE ANIMALS ARE

FOUND IN THE ,A "REA PITS INCLUDING SABER TOOTHED
CATS MASTODONS BEARS WOLVES CAMELS BIRDS IN
SECTS AND EVEN A FEW HUMAN BONES AND ARTIFACTS
4HESE FOSSIL REMAINS ARE SURROUNDED BY NATURALLY
FORMED ASPHALT THAT SEEPED INTO THE PITS FROM UN
DERGROUND OIL RESERVOIRS
4HE lRST DESCRIPTION OF THE BITUMEN BUB
BLING UP AT THE FOOT OF THE 3ANTA -ONICA -OUN
TAINS WAS MADE BY GEOLOGIST 7ILLIAM "LAKE IN
 (E DESCRIBED ONE  FOOT DIAMETER CIRCULAR
TAR PIT WHERE BITUMEN HAD EMERGED FROM THE

GROUND AND MIXED WITH THE SURROUNDING SEDIMENT FORMING A HARD

MOTHS DOWN SIMILAR SIZED OPENINGS BECAME EVEN MORE PROBLEMATIC
SURFACE MUCH LIKE PAVEMENT BUT STILL SOFT NEAR THE PITS CENTER
)N ADDITION SCIENTISTS DISCOVERED EVIDENCE IN THE ENCLOSING SEDIMENTS
4HE lRST TO RECOGNIZE THE BONES OF EXTINCT ANIMALS IN THE TAR PITS
AROUND THE BONES THAT INDICATE mUVIAL RIVER CONDITIONS
WAS 7ILLIAM $ENTON A GEOLOGIST PROSPECTING FOR OIL IN  $ENTON
4EST CORES REVEALED FOUR DISTINCT LAYERS OF mOODPLAIN DEPOSITS
WROTE A RATHER OBSCURE REPORT ON A LARGE CANINE TOOTH FROM A SABER
SURROUNDING THE PITS INDICATED BY WEATHERED AND ROUNDED GRAVELS AS
TOOTHED CAT )N  5NION /IL GEOLOGIST 7ILLIAM /RCUTT VISITED THE
WELL AS SAND AND CLAY THAT ARE TYPICAL OF RIVER DEPOSITS ELSEWHERE )N
SITE AND FOUND A COMPLETE SKULL OF A SABER TOOTHED CAT ALONG WITH
SPITE OF THESE APPARENT PROBLEMS WITH THE TAR ENTRAPMENT THEORY IT IS
NUMEROUS OTHER BONES &INALLY THE "ERKELEY SCIENTISTS HEARD ABOUT
STILL GENERALLY ACCEPTED BY THE SCIENTIlC COMMUNITY AND THIS IS WHAT
/RCUTTS lNDS AND BEGAN THEIR OWN EXCAVATION 4ODAY THE 'EORGE #
THE 0AGE -USEUM STILL ILLUSTRATES IN ITS DISPLAYS TODAY
0AGE -USEUM IN ,OS !NGELES HOUSES MANY OF THE SPECIMENS FOUND
5NIFORMITARIAN SCIENTISTS MAINTAIN THAT THE FOSSILS WERE DEPOS
OVER THE YEARS
ITED IN EPISODES OVER THOUSANDS OF YEARS AS RIVERS SLOWLY BUILT THE LAND
4HE PITS THEMSELVES LIKELY FORMED AS METHANE GAS AND OIL ES
SCAPE AT THE FOOT OF THE 3ANTA -ONICA -OUNTAINS #REATION SCIENTISTS
CAPED FROM NATURAL SEEPS THROUGH SUBTERRANEAN OPENINGS AND COLLECT
AS WELL AS SOME SECULAR SCIENTISTS HAVE PROPOSED ANOTHER EXPLANA
ED IN SMALL NARROW OPEN
TIONWATER MUST HAVE
INGS RESEMBLING hBLOW RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE VARIOUS MAMMALS ON
INITIALLY KILLED THE ANIMALS

HOLESv WHERE MOST OF THE
RATHER THAN THE TAR ITSELF
DISPLAY ARE OFTEN COMPOSITES OF JUMBLED BONES
BONES ARE FOUND 4HE MA
AND CAUSED THE CONCENTRA
JOR PITS AVERAGE AROUND FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES.
TION AND EVENTUAL PRESERVA
 FEET IN DIAMETER TAPER
TION OF THEIR FOSSILS AT THE ,A
ING DOWNWARD FROM ABOUT  FEET IN ROUGH CONICAL SHAPES TO JUST A
"REA TAR PITS ,ARGE mOODING EVENTS SOMETIME AFTER THE 'REAT &LOOD
FEW INCHES IN WIDTH 4HE BONES WERE COMMONLY FOUND AS ENTANGLED
COULD HAVE SWEPT THE ANIMALS INTO THE TAR PIT OPENINGS AND DEPOSITED
MASSES PACKED TIGHTLY TOGETHER DISMEMBERED AND INTERLOCKING WITH
THE BONES IN TIGHT JUMBLED MASSES "IBLICAL SCIENTISTS HAVE REINTERPRET
THE MAJORITY THAT WERE DAMAGED IN SOME FASHION 2ECONSTRUCTIONS
ED THE FOSSIL DEPOSITS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CLOSELY SPACED CATASTROPHIC
OF THE VARIOUS MAMMALS ON DISPLAY ARE OFTEN COMPOSITES OF JUMBLED
mOOD EVENTS THAT LIKELY OCCURRED IN THE WANING OF THE POST &LOOD )CE
BONES FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES
!GE 4HE IMMEDIATE POST &LOOD YEARS WERE LIKELY CHAOTIC AND MORE
4HE CONVENTIONAL BURIAL STORY OF ANIMALS BECOMING
GEOLOGICALLY ACTIVE THAN TODAY AS THE EARTHS SURFACE RECOVERED FROM THE
TRAPPED IN THE EXPOSED TAR AND SLOWLY
CATASTROPHIC ACTIVITY OF THE &LOOD
5PLIFT OF THE NEARBY 3ANTA -ONICA -OUNTAINS AND ASSOCIATED
SINKING WAS INITIALLY QUESTIONED
EARTHQUAKES COULD HAVE INSTANTLY CHANGED RIVER DIRECTIONS AND THE LEV
WHEN THE SIZE OF THE PITS AND THE
ELS OF THE LAND SURFACE SETTING LOCAL mOODS IN MOTION 2APID MELTING
SIZE OF THE ANIMALS BECAME
OF THE GLACIERS AT THE END OF THE )CE !GE COULD HAVE ALSO CONTRIBUTED
KNOWN 0IT  HAD AN
CATASTROPHIC OUTPOURINGS OF mOODWATERS FROM THE MOUNTAINS DEPOS
OPENING OF  FEET BY  FEET
ITING ANIMAL REMAINS IN THE PROCESS #LOSE SPACED CATASTROPHIC EVENTS
AND WAS ONLY  FEET DEEP
LIKELY CONTINUED UNTIL %ARTH REACHED THE RELATIVELY STABLE BALANCE WE
YET IT CONTAINED SIX SIZABLE
NOW EXPERIENCE
CARNIVORE FOSSILS 4RYING TO lT
#REATION SCIENTISTS AND SOME SECULAR SCIENTISTS QUESTION THE ANI
WHOLE MASTODONS AND MAM
MAL ENTRAPMENT THEORY FOR THE ,A "REA TAR PITS BASED ON CLOSE EXAMI
NATION OF THE DATA 4HE ENTRAPMENT THEORY ONLY SURVIVES AS MYTH PER
PETUATED BY THOSE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE GEOLOGIC EVIDENCE 4HE BETTER
EXPLANATION FOR THE FOSSILS IN THE ,A "REA TAR PITS MATCHES PERFECTLY
WITH THE BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVE OF RECENT CREATION
References
 7ICANDER 2 AND * 3 -ONROE  Historical Geology, 6th ed. "ELMONT #! "ROOKS#OLE #EN
GAGE ,EARNING 
 *ANG ! 7 AND 7 7ESTON  The La Brea Tar Pits: A Field Trip & Self-study Guide. 6ANCOU
VER #ANADA &IFTH 0ROVINCE -EDIA #OLUMBIA 0ACIlC 5NIVERSITY 0RESS
 7OODWARD ' $ AND , & -ARCUS  2ANCHO ,A "REA FOSSIL DEPOSITS ! RE EVALUATION FROM
STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Journal of Paleontology     
 !ULDANEY *  #ATASTROPHIC mUVIAL DEPO
SITION AT THE ASPHALT SEEPS OF 2ANCHO ,A "REA
#ALIFORNIA Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Creationism, Technical
Symposium Sessions 2 % 7ALSH ED 0ITTS
BURGH 0! #REATION 3CIENCE &ELLOWSHIP )NC
 

Dr. Morris is President and Dr. Clarey is Research Associate at the Institute for Creation
Research.
JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

15

BACK TO GENESIS

What Really
Swallowed

Jonah?
B R I A N

T H O M A S ,

M . S .

ID A lSH WHALE OR SOMETHING ELSE SWALLOW THE PROPHET

*ONAH (ISTORIAN "ILL #OOPER RECENTLY HELPED AN
SWER THIS QUESTION IN HIS  BOOK The Authenticity of
the Book of Jonah 4HE MAIN CLUE $R #OOPER FOLLOWED
WAS SIMPLY THE THEN COMMON 'REEK WORD THE ,ORD *ESUS USED IN
-ATTHEW  FOR *ONAHS MONSTER TRANSLITERATED ktos 7HAT WAS THE
KETOS $R (ENRY -ORRIS WROTE h)T COULD HAVE BEENxA LARGE WHALE
SHARK OR POSSIBLY SOME NOW EXTINCT MARINE REPTILEv
!LTHOUGH KNOWING THE ANIMALS EXACT IDENTITY IS NOT NECESSARY
TO UNDERSTAND THE *ONAH PASSAGES ITS PROPER IDENTIlCATION WOULD
ADD AN ELEMENT OF HISTORICITY TO THE PROPHETS TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES
*ONAH  REFERENCED AS  IN THE (EBREW "IBLE USES THE (EBREW
WORD dag TO REFER TO A BROAD RANGE OF SEA CREATURES )T HAD hGREATv
gadl SIZELARGE ENOUGH TO SWALLOW A WHOLE MAN
4HE SECOND CENTURY "# SAW THE (EBREW /LD 4ESTAMENT TRANS
LATED INTO THE 'REEK /LD 4ESTAMENT COMMONLY CALLED THE 3EPTUAGINT
4HERE dag gadl hGREAT lSHv TRANSLATES INTO ktei megal MEANING A
hMEGA SIZED KETOSv
*ESUS SAID h&OR AS *ONAH WAS THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS IN THE
BELLY OF THE ;KETOS= SO WILL THE 3ON OF -AN BE THREE DAYS AND THREE
NIGHTS IN THE HEART OF THE EARTHv 7AS *ONAH SWALLOWED BY A NOW EX
TINCT MARINE REPTILE !NCIENT WRITERSINCLUDING .EW 4ESTAMENT
AUTHORSUSED SPECIlC WORDS FOR SPECIlC CREATURES 7HY DID -AT
THEWS GOSPEL not USE THE COMMON WORDS FOR lSH SHARK OR WHALE
#OOPER IDENTIlED AN ARRAY OF SOURCES FROM OUTSIDE THE "IBLE
THAT PINPOINT THE KETOS AS A SEA DRAGON ! PONDEROUS WEIGHT OF HIS
TORICAL EVIDENCE SHOWS THOSE WHO BEST KNEW THE -EDITERRANEAN 3EA
CONSISTENTLY USED KETOS TO MEAN hA SEA SERPENTv #OOPER WROTE h4HE
KETOSTHE DOG HEADED SEA DRAGONAPPEARS IN ACCOUNTS FROM CA
 "# AND ALL THE WAY UP TO CA !$ v
4HESE AND OTHER ANCIENT AUTHORS AND HISTORIANS MENTIONED THE

KETOS
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
16

(OMER THnTH CENTURY "#

%URIPIDES CA   "#
!RISTOPHANES   "#
,YCHOPHRON   "#
-ARCUS 4ERENTIUS 6ARRO   "#
$IODORUS 3ICULUS CA  "# n !$ 
-ANILIUS ST CENTURY !$
ACTS

&

FACTS

JUNE 2013

s
s
s
s
s
s

0AUSANIAS ND CENTURY !$

#LAUDIUS !ELIANUS IN HIS De Natura Animalium CA !$  
/PPIAN OF !PAMEA CA !$ 
%USTATHIUS CA !$  
(ESYCHIUS TH CENTURY !$
*OHANNES -OSCHUS TH CENTURY !$

!S IF IT WERE NEEDED ADDITIONAL VISUAL ART EVIDENCE IDENTIlES THE

KETOS AS A SEA SERPENT !RTISTS IN 2OME !FRICA 4URKEY !SIA AND %NG
LAND PAINTED CARVED AND MODELED THE KETOS WITH CONSISTENT ANATO
MY !GAIN AND AGAIN THEY DEPICTED ITS DOG LIKE HEAD WITH PROMINENT
TEETH AND PLUME LIKE mAPS OR FRILLS ABOVE THE HEAD AND NECK 4HEY ALSO
CONSISTENTLY RENDERED ITS HUGE BODY AS SLENDER AND OFTEN COILED
The Authenticity of the Book of Jonah DESCRIBES A lRST CENTURY
PAINTING FROM A 2OMAN CATACOMB SHOWING *ONAH BEING THROWN TO A
SEA MONSTER 4HIS KETOS HAD A DOG LIKE HEAD AND A mEXIBLE NECK .U
MEROUS ARTIFACTS SHOW A SIMILAR ANIMAL INCLUDING TILE MOSAICS WOOD
STONE IVORY CARVINGS AND EVEN COINS 4HE KETOS LOOKED LIKE NOTHING
COMMON TODAY BUT THAT DOES NOT MEAN MARINE REPTILES WERE NOT
COMMON IN THE PAST !FTER ALL BOTH THE BOOKS OF *OB AND 0SALMS REFER
TO THE LARGE SEA REPTILE LEVIATHAN
(ISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY INDICATE THAT THE ,ORD *ESUS AUDIENCE
MIGHT HAVE UNDERSTOOD EXACTLY THE KIND OF CREATURE TO WHICH (E RE
FERREDTHE KETOS THE SEA SERPENT THAT SWALLOWED *ONAH
References
 #OOPER "  The Authenticity of the Book of Jonah !MAZON $IGITAL
3ERVICES )NC
 -ORRIS (  The Henry Morris Study Bible 'REEN &OREST!2 -AS
TER "OOKS 
 *ONAH  +ING *AMES 6ERSION  4HE "LUE ,ETTER "IBLE 0OSTED ON
BLUELETTERBIBLEORG ACCESSED !PRIL  
 -ATTHEW 
 3OME 'REEK NAMES FOR SEA CREATURES ARE galeos SMALL SHARK  zygaina
HAMMERHEAD  karcharias SAND SHARK  AND ichthus lSH 

Mr. Thomas is Science Writer at the Institute for Creation Research.

Introducing ICRs New Geologist:

TIMOTHY CLAREY, PH.D.

R #LAREY ROCKS
x;(E=
MAKES THE SUBJECT EASY TO
UNDERSTAND SHOWS A GREAT
KNOWLEDGE AND IS AN OVER
ALL AMAZING PROFESSOR
v 4HE SENTIMENTS EX
PRESSED BY THIS FORMER STUDENT AT $ELTA #OL
LEGE IN -ICHIGAN WHERE $R 4IMOTHY #LAREY
TAUGHT GEOLOGY FOR  YEARS ARE ECHOED BY
OTHER STUDENTS $R #LAREY KNEW HOW TO COM
MUNICATE SOMETIMES DIFlCULT MATERIAL TO HIS
COLLEGE STUDENTS
,IKE THE REST OF )#2S SCIENTISTS $R
#LAREYS CREDENTIALS ARE EXTENSIVE (E RECEIVED
HIS 0H$ IN GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY FROM
7ESTERN -ICHIGAN 5NIVERSITY IN  AND HAS
TWO MASTERS DEGREES IN THE GEOSCIENCES &ROM
 TO  HE WORKED FOR #HEVRON 53!
)NC USING SEISMIC DATA TO LOCATE OIL AND GAS
PROSPECTS (E HAS PUBLISHED MANY PAPERS ON
VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE 2OCKY -OUNTAINS AND
HAS AUTHORED TWO COLLEGE LABORATORY BOOKS
4HE LATE $R $UANE 'ISH WAS A KEY INmUENCE
IN $R#LAREYS INTEREST IN CREATIONISMh) HEARD
$R 'ISH SPEAK WHILE ) WAS AN UNDERGRAD AT
;7ESTERN -ICHIGAN 5NIVERSITY= (E KEPT ME

FOCUSED ON RECENT CREATION WHILE IN COLLEGE

(IS BOOK %volution: The Fossils Say NO! WAS
INSTRUMENTAL IN MAINTAINING MY FAITHv
$R #LAREYS RELATIONSHIP WITH )#2
BEGAN WHEN A PORTION OF HIS RESEARCH AND
PUBLICATIONS WAS FUNDED THROUGH )#2S
&LOOD !CTIVATED 3EDIMENTATION AND 4EC
TONICS &!34 PROGRAM (E WAS THE h4v IN
&!34TECTONICSDURING FOUR SUMMERS OF
lELD STUDIES WITH THE TEAM IN ITS EFFORTS TO
BETTER UNDERSTAND &LOOD GEOLOGYh) HAD KEPT
IN TOUCH WITH SOME OF THE )#2 GEOLOGY STAFF
OVER THE YEARS BUT IT WASNT UNTIL ) BECAME
INVOLVED WITH &!34 THROUGH THE ENCOUR
AGEMENT OF 3TEVE !USTIN WHO WAS WITH )#2
AT THE TIME THAT ) lRST HAD THE OPPORTUNITY
TO MAKE A CONTRIBUTION TO CREATION SCIENCE
THROUGH RESEARCH INTO THE TECTONIC HAPPEN
INGS DURING AND AFTER THE &LOOD !S A RESULT
) HAVE OR WILL BE PUBLISHING SEVERAL PAPERS
THROUGH VARIOUS TYPES OF GEOLOGIC LITERATURE
-Y RESEARCH WAS ON CATASTROPHIC SUPERFAULTS
IN 7YOMING AND ACROSS THE !MERICAN 7EST
INCLUDING -ONTANA 5TAH AND EVEN !LASKA
7E ARE CONTINUING TO LOOK AT THE DATA THAT

WERE COLLECTED AND HOPE TO HAVE MORE RESULTS

IN THE FUTUREv
(E IS ALSO A #REATION 'EOLOGY 3OCIETY
MEMBER h)TS A SOCIETY OF GEOLOGISTS WHO BE
LIEVE 'ODS 7ORD AND A LITERAL INTERPRETATION
OF THE SIX DAY CREATION AND &LOOD OF .OAH
AND ) SERVE AS THE EDITOR OF THE mEDGLING #'3
)T WAS FORMED ABOUT  YEARS AGO BY A SMALL
GROUP OF 0H$ GEOLOGISTS WHO BELIEVE IN RE
CENT CREATIONv
$R #LAREY WANTS TO MAKE AN IMPACT
IN THE CREATION WORLD AND TIE GEOLOGY TO
RECENT CREATION h'EOLOGY SHOWS THE "IBLE
TO BE TRUEv $R #LAREY STATES (E PLANS TO
DO RESEARCH ON hOVERTHRUSTS AND EXTINCTION
EVENTSv AND ALSO WANTS TO WRITE A DINOSAUR
BOOK h) WANT TO BEGIN WITH A LOOK AT THE
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED ACROSS THE COUNTRY EX
AMINE WHAT GEOLOGISTS CALL THE @SEQUENCES
OF SEDIMENTATION AND TRY AND BETTER UN
DERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE &LOOD IN
TERMS OF DEPOSITIONAL STYLE AND QUANTITY
(OW EXTENSIVE WERE THE SEDIMENTS ACROSS
THE COUNTRYAND HOW THICK 7HAT TYPES OF
SEDIMENTS WERE BEING DEPOSITED ON ONE SIDE
OF THE COUNTRY WHILE ANOTHER TYPE WAS BEING
DEPOSITED ELSEWHERE 4HESE ARE THE TYPES OF
QUESTIONS )LL BE EXAMINING IN MY STUDY !ND
) DO HOPE TO USE SOME OF MY EARLIER RESEARCH
ON DINOSAURS TO AUTHOR A BOOK WRITTEN FROM
A CREATION VIEWPOINT v
!SKED IF HELL MISS THE CLASSROOM HE
RESPONDS BY SAYING HED LIKE TO DO AN OCCA
SIONAL ONLINE CLASS TO KEEP IN TOUCH WITH THE
COLLEGE STUDENTS WHO WILL SOMEDAY BE OUR
LEADERS
$URING THE PAST FOUR DECADES )#2 HAS
MAINTAINED A COMMITMENT TO SOLID RESEARCH
AND BIBLICAL TRUTH AND IT CONTINUES WITH OUR
LATEST SCIENTIST 4HE )NSTITUTE FOR #REATION 2E
SEARCH WELCOMES $R 4IMOTHY #LAREY

Dr. Clarey mapping a Tyrannosaur dig in Montana with a college crew.

JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

17

APOLOGETICS

J A M E S

J .

S .

J O H N S O N ,

J . D . ,

. D .

Siberian Huskies and the

Dominion Mandate

NTI CREATIONISTS CLOAKED IN hECO

FRIENDLYv GREEN OFTEN SCOFF AT THE
BOOK OF 'ENESIS BLAMING MANY
OF OUR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
ON THE DOMINION MANDATE IE 'OD GAVE
MANKIND DOMINION OVER THE EARTH AND ITS
CREATURES FOUND THERE 3UCH CRITICISMS BY
THE POPULAR CULTURE ECHO AN ANCIENT HISSING
SOUND IE DISPARAGING 'ODS 7ORD AND
FOLLOWING THE %DENIC SERPENTS PRECEDENT IN
'ENESIS   "UT A CAREFUL READING OF THE TEXT
PROVES THAT SUCH lNGER POINTING IS BOTH IL
LOGICAL AND INEXCUSABLE BECAUSE THE CRITICS
ARE ONLY ATTACKING A hSTRAW MANv CARICATURE
OF WHAT 'ENESIS ACTUALLY TEACHES
3O WHAT IS THE TRUTH ABOUT THE DO
MINION MANDATE AND HOW DOES IT APPLY TO
MANKINDS USE AND CARE OF THE EARTH &OR A
PROPER PICTURE OF THIS APPLICATION IN THE REAL
WORLDAN ILLUSTRATION OF THE BIBLICAL PRIN
CIPLE OF CREATION STEWARDSHIPWE CAN LEARN
FROM SOME !LASKAN SLED DOGS IN THE MIDDLE
OF A LIFE AND DEATH CRISIS
Siberian Huskies and Their Drivers Showcase the Dominion Mandate
4HE CRISIS WAS A DIPHTHERIA EPIDEMIC
IN .OME A TOWN ON THE "ERING 3EA COAST
OF !LASKA DURING THE WINTER OF  4HE
DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN IN !NCHORAGE NEEDED TO
BE DELIVERED TO .OME IMMEDIATELY BECAUSE
TOWNSPEOPLE WERE DYING OF THE DISEASE BUT
THE COMMUNITY WAS UNREACHABLE BY AIR BOAT
TRAIN OR MOTOR VEHICLE
! GROUP OF  MUSHERS DOGSLED DRIV
ERS AND ABOUT  SLED DOGS RUSHED MARA
THON STYLE IN RELAY TEAMS ACROSS BLIZZARD
BLOWN TRAILSAND EVEN OVER A DANGEROUS
SHORTCUT ACROSS A FROZEN PART OF A 0ACIlC
/CEAN INLET CALLED .ORTON 3OUNDSPAN
NING THE  MILES IN lVE AND A HALF DAYS TO
DELIVER THE PRECIOUS VIALS OF LIFE SAVING SERUM
TO A WAITING PHYSICIAN IN .OME &OR DOGSLED
18

ACTS

&

FACTS

JUNE 2013

DING THIS WAS THE MOST HEROIC ACHIEVEMENT

IN HISTORY WITH SPEED AND DISTANCE RECORDS
SET AND STILL UNBROKEN AND HELPLESS HUN
DREDS OF QUARANTINED .OME RESIDENTS SAVED
FROM THE LETHAL DIPHTHERIA EPIDEMIC
/NE SURVIVING .OME RESIDENT WAS
EIGHT YEAR OLD 3IGRID 3EPPALA THE ONLY
DAUGHTER OF A .ORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT ,E
ONHARD 3EPPALA A WELL KNOWN MUSHER
(IS NONSTOP LEG OF THE CROSS COUNTRY RELAY
COVERED THE WORST STRETCH OF TERRAIN PLUS
THE FROZEN .ORTON 3OUND SEA ICE THAT BROKE
UP ONLY HOURS AFTER HIS DOG TEAM TRAVERSED
IT WITH THE SERUM
'UIDING LEAD DOG 4OGO
3EPPALA CONFRONTED GALE FORCE WINDS AND
SUBFREEZING TEMPERATURES  /& WITH A
WINDCHILL OF /& DAY AND NIGHT COVERING
 MILESMORE THAN TWICE THE DISTANCE OF
ANY OF THE OTHER MUSHERS 3IGRID AND MANY
OTHERS SICK IN .OME WERE SAVED BY THE ANTI
TOXIN SERUM
&ULFILLING THE DOMINION MANDATE
SURELY INCLUDES SUCH SAFEGUARDING OF HU
MAN LIVES MANY OF WHOM LATER WERE FRUITFUL
AND MULTIPLIED ADVANCING HUMAN PROG

RESS TOWARD lLLING THE EARTH TO 'ODS GLORY

'ODS DOMINION MANDATE WAS ADVANCED AS
HUMANS LITERALLY hHARNESSEDv THE SERVICE OF
WELL TRAINED ANIMALS
)N LIGHT OF THIS POSITIVE ILLUSTRATION OF
THE APPLICATION OF THE MANDATE LET US NOW
SCRUTINIZE THE ALLEGATIONS OF 'ENESIS CRITICS
WHO BLAME THE DOMINION MANDATE AS THE
ROOT OF THE WORLDS ENVIRONMENTAL ABUSES
Critics Blame the Dominion Mandate
)N  ,YNN 7HITE *R A 5#,! HIS
TORIAN SPOKE TO AN EVOLUTIONIST AUDIENCE AC
CUSING #HRISTIAN THEOLOGY AS THE UNDERLYING
CAUSE OF THE WORLDS ECOLOGIC CRISIS 7HITES
SPEECH WAS LATER PUBLISHED IN THE EVOLUTION
ARY JOURNAL Science 7HEN ANALYZING THE RE
LATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIBLICAL #HRISTIANITY AND
MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS &RANCIS
3CHAEFFER CRITIQUED 7HITES ESSAY
)N ;7HITES= ARTICLE HE ARGUED THAT THE
CRISIS IN ECOLOGY IS #HRISTIANITYS FAULTx
;SAYING THAT SUPPOSEDLY= #HRISTIANITY
PRESENTS A BAD VIEW OF NATURE AND SO
THIS IS CARRIED OVER INTO THE PRESENT DAY

POST #HRISTIAN WORLDxBAS;ING= HIS ALLE

GATIONS OF A hBAD VIEW OF NATUREv ON THE
FACT THAT #HRISTIANITY TAUGHT THAT MAN
HAD DOMINION OVER NATURE AND SO MAN
HAS TREATED NATURE IN A DESTRUCTIVE WAY
7AS 3CHAEFFER UNFAIRLY CRITICAL OF
7HITES ASSIGNMENT OF BLAME TO #HRISTIAN
ITY FOR MANKINDS ECOLOGICAL PRODIGALITY .O
#ONSIDER 7HITES OWN WORDS
4O A #HRISTIAN A TREE CAN BE NO MORE
THAN A PHYSICAL FACT 4HE WHOLE CONCEPT
OF THE SACRED GROVE IS ALIEN TO #HRISTI
ANITY AND TO THE ETHOS OF THE 7EST &OR
NEARLY TWO MILLENNIA #HRISTIAN MISSION
ARIES HAVE BEEN CHOPPING DOWN SACRED
GROVES WHICH ARE IDOLATROUS BECAUSE
THEY ASSUME SPIRIT IN NATURE
.OTICE 7HITES MISLEADINGhSTRAW MANv
ATTACK ON #HRISTIANITY %ITHER INTENTIONALLY OR
NEGLIGENTLY 7HITE IGNORED THE "IBLES FOREST
STEWARDSHIP STANDARD MANDATED IN $EUTER
ONOMY   WHICH FORBIDS WANTON DE
FORESTATION AS SINFUL WASTE
"ECAUSE 7HITE DISLIKED THE ENVI
RONMENTAL IMPACTS THAT HE ATTRIBUTED TO
'ENESIS DOMINION MANDATE HE RECOM
MENDED THAT IT BE ABANDONED &OR THE SAKE
OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES 7HITE ADVISED A
SUBSTITUTEA MORE ECO FRIENDLY RELIGION
SUCH AS :EN "UDDHISM OR A REDElNED
RADICAL FORM OF #HRISTIANITY PROMOTING
:EN LIKE hONE WITH NATUREv HARMONY IE
ECO FRIENDLY &RANCISCAN MYSTICISM 

7HAT WE DO ABOUT ECOLOGY DEPENDS ON

OUR IDEAS OF THE MAN NATURE RELATION
SHIP -ORE SCIENCE AND MORE TECHNOL
OGY ARE NOT GOING TO GET US OUT OF THE
PRESENT ECOLOGIC CRISIS UNTIL WE lND A
NEW RELIGION OR RETHINK IE hREINVENTv
OR hREDElNEv OUR OLD ONEx;7HITE
THEN COMMENDS THE hONE WITH NATUREv
PANTHEISM OF :EN "UDDHISM=x:EN
HOWEVER IS AS DEEPLY CONDITIONED ON
!SIAN HISTORY AS #HRISTIANITY IS BY THE
EXPERIENCE OF THE 7EST ;sic= AND ) AM
DUBIOUS OF ITS VIABILITY AMONG US
.OTICE THAT 7HITE DOESNT USE TRUTH AS
THE NORM FOR SELECTING A PROPER RELIGION
"UT
WHY DOES HE ARGUE THAT A DOMINION MAN
DATE BASED MENTALITY IS THE ECO UNFRIENDLY
CAUSE OF OUR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
7HITE DRASTICALLY ERRED BY ASSUMING
THAT 'ENESIS AND THUS #HRISTIANITY IS hAN
THROPOCENTRICv IE THE BASIC ASSUMPTION
THAT MANKIND IS THE CENTER OF REALITY  SO THE
AXIOMATIC IDEA OF NATURES hANTHROPOCENTRICv
PURPOSE NEEDS TO BE REJECTED
%SPECIALLY IN ITS 7ESTERN FORM #HRISTI
ANITY IS THE MOST ANTHROPOCENTRIC ;sic=
RELIGION THE WORLD HAS SEENx(ENCE
WE SHALL CONTINUE TO HAVE A WORSENING
ECOLOGIC CRISIS UNTIL WE REJECT THE #HRIS
TIAN AXIOM THAT NATURE HAS NO REASON FOR
EXISTENCE SAVE TO SERVE MANx "OTH OUR
PRESENT SCIENCE AND OUR PRESENT TECH
NOLOGY ARE SO TINCTURED WITH ORTHODOX
#HRISTIAN ARROGANCE TOWARD NATURE ;sic=
THAT NO SOLUTION FOR OUR ECOLOGIC CRISIS
CAN BE EXPECTED FROM THEM ALONE
9ET THE IDEA THAT ULTIMATE REALITY IS AN
THROPOCENTRIC IS never TAUGHT IN THE "IBLE EX
CEPT WHEN IT QUOTES 'ODS ENEMIES
2ATHER
THE "IBLE TEACHES THAThTHE EARTH IS THE ,ORDS
AND THE FULLNESS THEREOFv AND THAT ALL OF CRE
ATION WAS MADE BY 'OD TO DISPLAY (IS OWN
GLORYNOT THE GLORY OF MAN
)N OTHER WORDS THE WHOLE WONDROUS
BIOSPHERE WAS MADE BY 'OD TO REVEAL WHAT
KIND OF GLORIOUS BEING (E IS -ANKIND 'ODS
FAVORITE PART OF CREATION IS GIVEN THE PRIVILEGE
TO LIVE ON THE EARTH WHILE LEARNING TO KNOW
AND TO GLORIFY (IM AND EVENTUALLY THE PRIVI
LEGE IF NOT FORFEITED BY UNBELIEF OF ENJOYING
(IM FOREVER
'OD COMMISSIONED HUMANS TO CUL

TIVATE THE EARTH AND TO hKEEPv IT 'ENESIS

  "UT THE EARTH IS ALWAYS Gods PROPERTY
MANKIND IS SIMPLY 'ODS STEWARD MANAGER
TRUSTEE OF IT ASSIGNED THE TASK OF USING AND
CARING FOR IT IN WAYS THAT COMPLY WITH 'ODS
DIRECTIVES .OWHERE IN THE "IBLE IS THERE ANY
HINT THAT MANKIND IS TO ACT UNRESTRICTED AND
UNRESTRAINED TO LICENTIOUSLY PILLAGE AND POL
LUTE THE EARTH AND ITS LIFE FORMS EXPLOITING RE
SOURCES AShME lRSTvPARASITES AND PREDATORS
!N UNBIBLICAL HUMANITY ANCHORED AT
TITUDE TOWARD 'ODS CREATION IS A SIN AS OB
VIOUS AS SCARLET OR CRIMSON )SAIAH   9ET
SUCH A DISREGARD FOR 'ODS OWNERSHIP OF THE
EARTH MAY BE CLOAKED IN hGREENv ECO FRIENDLY
JARGON LIKE A WATERMELONGREEN ON THE OUT
SIDE BUT RED AS SIN ON THE INSIDE
'OD HAS ENTRUSTED !DAMS RACE WITH
THE STEWARDSHIP OF THE EARTH AND ITS FULLNESS
INCLUDING 3IBERIAN HUSKIES )T IS OUR PRIVI
LEGE AND DUTY AS 'ODS TRUSTEES TO hHARNESSv
THAT PROPERTY FOR 'ODS GLORY AND MANKINDS
GOOD TO ADVANCE BOTH THE DOMINION MAN
DATE AND THE 'REAT #OMMISSION
References
 4HE DOMINION MANDATE IS SO NAMED BECAUSE THE SECOND
PERSON PLURAL IMPERATIVE IN THE (EBREW TEXT OF 'ENESIS 
IS TRANSLATED BY THE %NGLISH VERBAL PHRASE hHAVE DOMINION
OVERv 'OD RENEWED THIS CREATION STEWARDSHIP MANDATE WITH
SLIGHT MODIlCATIONS TO .OAH AND HIS FAMILY AFTER THE &LOOD
'ENESIS   
 3ALISBURY ' AND , 3ALISBURY  The Cruelest Miles: The
Heroic Story of Dogs and Men in a Race Against an Epidemic.
.EW 9ORK 77 .ORTON  #O   3EE ALSO THE INTER
VIEW OF *IRDES 7INTHER "AXTER  IN Alaska: Big America
4HE (ISTORY #HANNEL DOCUMENTARY 
 7HITE , *R  4HE (ISTORICAL 2OOTS OF OUR %COLOGIC
#RISIS Science   4HE TEXT OF 7HITES ESSAY WAS RE
PRINTED AS AN APPENDIX TO &RANCIS 3CHAEFFERS BOOK Pollution
and the Death of Man  7HEATON ), 4YNDALE (OUSE 
 3CHAEFFER &!  The Complete Works of Francis A.
Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview, volume 5, A Christian
View of the West. 7HEATON ), #ROSSWAY "OOKS  7HITES
ESSAY IS REPRINTED PP  
 7HITE 
 7HITE 
 7HITE 
 'ENESIS  TEACHES THAT 'OD CREATED THE HEAVENS AND THE
EARTH OUT OF NOTHING SO THEY ARE (IS PROPERTY LOGICALLY
IT IS A SIN TO ABUSE 'ODS PROPERTY RIGHTS 'OD CONDEMNS
ARROGANT ABUSE OF (IS PHYSICAL CREATION  +INGS  
$EUTERONOMY   *EREMIAH  2EVELATION  
 h4HE lRST COMMANDMENT GIVEN TO MEN WAS TO @HAVE DO
MINION OVER THE EARTH AND TO @SUBDUE THE EARTH 'ENESIS
   ACTING AS 'ODS STEWARD FOR THE GOOD OF MANKIND
AND THE GLORY OF 'OD BUT INSTEAD MEN HAVE DESTROYED THE
EARTH WITH WARS AND GREED 4HIS DOMINION MANDATE IS STILL
IN EFFECT AND 'ODS JUDGMENT AWAITS THE EARTH DESTROYERSv
FOOTNOTE TO 2EVELATION  FROM -ORRIS ( -  The
New Defenders Study Bible .ASHVILLE 4. 7ORLD 0UBLISH
ING )NC  
 0SALM  QUOTED IN  #ORINTHI
ANS 
 0SALM  2EVELATION 

Dr. Johnson is Associate Professor

of Apologetics and Chief Academic
Officer at the Institute for Creation
Research.
JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

19

C R E AT I O N Q & A

Did Giants
Ever Exist?
R A N D Y

J .

G U L I U Z Z A ,

P. E . ,

M . D .

#ONSIDER WHEN WARFARE WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY

HAND TO HAND COMBAT &ACING GREATLY TALLER AND
STRONGER WARRIORS WOULD SEEM TO SMALLER SOLDIERS
LIKE INFANTRYMEN ATTACKING A BUNCH OF TANKS 3EV
ERAL REFERENCES ARE MADE IN THE "IBLE ABOUT GROUPS OF hGIANTSv WHO
WERE ENEMIES OF )SRAEL 7HAT DOES THE 3CRIPTURE MEAN WHEN IT TALKS
ABOUT GIANTS AND IS THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN GIANTS SO FANCIFUL THAT IT
GIVES REASON TO DOUBT THE "IBLES CREDIBILITY
!FTER )SRAELS DELIVERANCE FROM %GYPT AND JUST BEFORE THEY WERE
TO ENTER THEIR PROMISED LAND A PORTION OF THE TERRITORY WAS REPORT
EDLY INHABITED BY hMEN OF A GREAT STATURE !ND THERE WE ;)SRAELI SPIES=
SAW THE GIANTS THE SONS OF !NAK WHICH COME OF THE GIANTS AND WE
WERE IN OUR OWN SIGHT AS GRASSHOPPERS AND SO WE WERE IN THEIR SIGHTv
.UMBERS    4HOUGH NOT DETAILING HOW BIG THESE MEN WERE
THEY MUST HAVE LOOKED SO FORMIDABLE THAT THE SPIES DESIRED TO AVOID
BATTLE ENTIRELY 4HE EXAGGERATED lGURATIVE LANGUAGE CALLING THE )SRA
ELITES hGRASSHOPPERSv HAD ITS INTENDED EFFECT OF DISCOURAGING ALMOST
EVERYONE FROM ENTERING THE BATTLE ,ATER THOUGH THE )SRAELIS DEFEATED
THESE GIANT PEOPLE IN BATTLE
3O HOW BIG WERE THESE BIBLICAL GIANTS
'OLIATH OF 'ATH IS POSSIBLY THE MOST FAMOUS GIANT IN HISTORY
4HE hSTORYv OF $AVID AND 'OLIATH IS COMMONLY USED TO ILLUSTRATE LOP
SIDED BATTLES !S POPULARLY TOLD A BOY ARMED ONLY WITH A SHEPHERDS
SLING BRAVELY ACCEPTS THE CHALLENGE OF THE WELL EQUIPPED SUPERHUMAN
WARRIOR DEFEATS THIS GIANT WITH A SINGLE STONE AND BECOMES KING OF
)SRAEL ! lCTIONAL mAVOR SEEMS TO PERMEATE THE TYPICAL RENDITION .O
WONDER MANY SKEPTICS THINK THIS STORY ABOUT A GIANT IS ANOTHER EX
AMPLE OF THE "IBLES MANY EXAGGERATED TALL TALESNO MORE BELIEVABLE
TO SOME THAN *ACK AND THE BEANSTALK
$AVIDS lGHT WITH 'OLIATH IS RECORDED IN  3AMUEL  4HIS
EVENT IS TREATED AS REAL HISTORYNOT A MYTHICAL STORY )N FACT THE AC
COUNT lTS PERFECTLY WITH OTHER BIBLICAL HISTORY 2EMARKABLY $AVID IS
NEVER DEPICTED AS A LITTLE SHEPHERD BOY 0RIOR TO HIS MEETING WITH 'O
LIATH $AVID IS DESCRIBED AS hA MIGHTY VALIANT MAN AND A MAN OF WAR
AND PRUDENT IN MATTERSxAND THE ,ORD IS WITH HIMv 3AMUEL  
'OLIATHS LARGE STATURE ALSO MAKES SENSEHE WAS LIKELY A hSON
OF !NAKv A CLAN OF VERY LARGE PEOPLE KNOWN AS !NAKIMS 7HEN )SRAEL
DEFEATED THEM hNONE OF THE !NAKIM WERE LEFT IN THE LAND OF THE CHIL
DREN OF )SRAEL THEY REMAINED ONLY IN 'AZA IN 'ATH AND IN !SHDODv
*OSHUA   'OLIATHS HEIGHT IS GIVEN AS SIX hCUBITSv AND A hSPANv!
20

ACTS

&

FACTS

JUNE 2013

CUBIT GENERALLY REFERS TO A LENGTH OF ABOUT  INCHES AND A SPAN IS HALF

A CUBIT 4HIS PLACES 'OLIATH AND PRESUMABLY HIS RELATIVES IN THE RANGE
OF AROUND NINE TO TEN FEET TALL 'OLIATH WAS POSSIBLY A LARGER GIANT
SINCE HE WAS A CHAMPION WARRIOR
4HE "IBLES DESCRIPTION OF 'OLIATHS HEIGHT IS IN LINE WITH THE
EVERYDAY UNDERSTANDING OF MOST PEOPLE REGARDING GIANTS 7HEN
SOMEONE TODAY REFERS TO A MASSIVE SIX FOOT SIX INCH  POUND FOOT
BALL PLAYER AS A hGIANTv THEY MEAN A PERSON SIGNIlCANTLY LARGER THAN
AVERAGENOT (OLLYWOODS DEPICTION OF FOUR STORY TALL MONSTERS
.EVERTHELESS THE BIBLICAL RECORD OF GIANTS OVER NINE FEET TALL INDICATES
THEY WERE OBVIOUSLY TALLER THAN EVEN TODAYS LARGEST ATHLETES
7HAT EXPLAINS THESE GIANTS 3OME SUGGEST THESE PEOPLE HAD
A DISEASE OF IMBALANCED GROWTH HORMONE "UT IT IS EXTRAORDINARILY
UNLIKELY THAT A MULTIGENERATIONAL CLAN OF PEOPLE WOULD ALL HAVE THIS
CONDITION /THERS BELIEVE THE CHILDREN BORN TO THE SONS OF 'OD AND
DAUGHTERS OF MEN REFERENCED IN 'ENESIS  WERE THE GIANTSWITH
DEMONIC INmUENCE CONFERRING GREAT PHYSICAL STATURE "UT THERE IS NO
BIBLICAL CLAIM OF DEMONIC ACTIVITY IN THESE VERSES AS IS THE CASE IN OTHER
SPECIlC PASSAGES .ORMAL HUMANS MAY AVERAGE A HEIGHT OF ONLY FOUR
FEET TALL WHILE OTHERS AVERAGE OVER SIX FEET TALL AND THERE ARE GENUINE
RECORDS OF NON DISEASED HUMANS WITH HEIGHTS OF EIGHT TO NINE FEET
TALL #ONSIDERING THE WIDE RANGE OF HUMAN HEIGHTS TODAY WHICH EN
COMPASSED A BIT LARGER RANGE  YEARS AGO  IT IS
A VERY REASONABLE AND STRAIGHTFORWARD EXPLANATION
THAT THESE BIBLICAL GIANTS WERE SO LARGE SIMPLY BE
CAUSE OF NORMAL HUMAN VARIABILITY
Dr. Randy Guliuzza is the Institute for Creation Researchs National
Representative.

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THE GLORY OF

GODLY FATHERS

H E N R Y

M .

OLIDAYS IN HONOR OF PARENTS

HAVE BEEN CUSTOMARY SINCE
ANCIENT TIMES BUT IN THE
7ESTERN WORLD THEY HAVE
ONLY BECOME OFlCIAL IN THE TH CENTURY
)N THIS COUNTRY -OTHERS $AY WAS lRST ES
TABLISHED BY AN ACT OF #ONGRESS IN 
)T TOOK QUITE A WHILE LONGER  FOR
FATHERS TO RECEIVE THEIR OWN HOLIDAY AFTER
ACCEPTANCE SLOWLY GREW FROM INITIAL OB
SERVANCES IN THE EARLY S
)T IS SURELY lTTING TO HAVE SPECIAL DAYS
TO EXPRESS LOVE AND GRATITUDE FOR OUR PAR
ENTS !FTER ALL THE lFTH OF 'ODS 4EN #OM
MANDMENTS BEGINSh(ONOUR THY FATHER AND
THY MOTHERv %XODUS   4HIS WAS LATER
AFlRMED AND EVEN REINFORCED THROUGH THE
APOSTLE 0AUL WHEN HE FURTHER PROMISED h)T
MAY BE WELL WITH THEE AND THOU MAYEST LIVE
LONG ON THE EARTHv %PHESIANS  
"UT WHAT EXACTLY DOES IT TAKE TO BE TRU
LY WORTHY OF SUCH HONOR "IBLICALLY SPEAKING
IT STARTS WHEN PARENTS HAVE CHILDREN THEY ARE
THEN EXHORTED TOhTRAIN UPvTHEIR CHILDRENhIN
THE WAY ;THEY= SHOULD GOv 0ROVERBS  
(OWEVER GODLY INSTRUCTION IS PRIMARILY THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE #HRISTIAN FATHER AP
PLIED WITH A GENTLE AND lRM HAND TO RAISE HIS
CHILDREN hIN THE NURTURE AND ADMONITION OF
THE ,ORDv %PHESIANS   !ND SUCH AN EN
VIRONMENT NATURALLY BEGINS WITH THE FATHERS
OWN COMMITMENT TO GODLY LIVING AND GODLY
LEADERSHIP

M O R R I S

I V

0ERHAPS THE GREATEST INCENTIVE FOR GOD

LY LIVING IS THE EXAMPLE FATHERS SET FOR THEIR
OWN CHILDREN &ROM +ING 3OLOMON WE KNOW
THAT hCHILDRENS CHILDREN ARE THE CROWN OF OLD
MEN AND THE GLORY OF CHILDREN ARE THEIR FA
THERSv 0ROVERBS   #HILDREN DO INDEED
hGLORYv IN THEIR FATHER WHEN HIS EXAMPLE IS
GOOD AND GODLY AND THEY WILL LIKELY DESIRE
TO FOLLOW HIS MORAL AND SPIRITUAL MODEL
THROUGHOUT THEIR OWN LIVES
/NE OF THE MANY JOYS OF FATHERHOOD
IS NOT ONLY TO HAVE CHILDREN BUT ,ORD WILL
ING TO SEE GRANDCHILDREN AS WELL (ONOR
ABLE MEN WORK HARD TO BE ABLE TO LEAVE AN
INHERITANCE TO THEIR CHILDREN AND THROUGH
THEM TO THEIR GRANDCHILDREN &OR A hGOOD
MAN LEAVETH AN INHERITANCE TO HIS CHILDRENS
CHILDRENv 0ROVERBS  
/BVIOUSLY CIRCUMSTANCES MAY NOT
MAKE IT POSSIBLE FOR FATHERS OR GRANDFA
THERS TO LEAVE A MATERIAL ESTATE TO THEIR DE
SCENDANTS 4HEREFORE PROMISES SUCH AS
THESE MUST ULTIMATELY BE UNDERSTOOD IN THE
SPIRITUAL SENSE %VEN A POOR MAN CAN LEAVE
A GOOD INHERITANCE OF LOVE COUNSEL AND A
GODLY LIFE /F COURSE THE GREATEST OF ALL GIFTS
TO PASS ON TO YOUR CHILDREN IS TO HAVE LED
THEM TO SAVING FAITH IN OUR #REATOR THE ,ORD
*ESUS #HRIST 4HIS MOST PRECIOUS HEIRLOOM
WILL LAST FOREVER
)N THIS SENSE EVEN MEN WHO ARE BIO
LOGICALLY CHILDLESS CAN HAVE SPIRITUAL CHIL
DREN AS THEY BRING OTHERS TO #HRIST 0AUL

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JUNE 2013

ACTS

&

FACTS

21

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

*EFFREY 4OMKINS ARTICLES ARE #HRIST HONOR

ING AND EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND COMPLETELY
AMAZING
,(

DESERT TO THOSE OF US WHOSE ONLY SOLACE BE

SIDES "IBLE STUDY HAS BEEN THE MAJESTIC LOGIC
OF MATHEMATICS
--

(AVING TAUGHT !NATOMY0HYSIOLOGY "IOL

OGY AND #HEMISTRY IN A #HRISTIAN SCHOOL
FOR  YEARS NOW )VE HAD GREAT PLEASURE
IN READING MANY Acts & Facts ARTICLES 4HE
;&EBRUARY= ARTICLExBY $R 'ULIUZZA ENTITLED
h$ESIGN AND THE $OCTRINE
OF 'ODv WAS SUPERB IN
THE MANNER IN WHICH HE
APPROACHED THE CONCEPT
OF THE BEGINNING LINES OF
3CRIPTURE UNDERSCOR
ING ALL ELSE WRITTEN IN
'ODS INSPIRED 7ORD 4HANK YOU FOLKS AT
)#2 FOR ALL YOU DO TO PROMOTE YOUNG EARTH
CREATION )N  ) DROVE TO 4ENNESSEE 4EMPLE
5NIVERSITY TO HEAR $R -ORRIS FOR ;AN= ENTIRE
SERIES OF MEETINGS 4HAT WAS MY lRST EXPO
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THAT HE WAS BEING USED OF THE ,ORD TO DEFEND
WHAT WE BELIEVE CONCERNING CREATION
-"

) JUST WANTED TO THANK $R ;*ASON= ,ISLE FOR

HIS ARTICLE CALLED h%VOLUTIONARY -ATHv 4HAT
WAS VERY COOL ) NEVER REALLY THOUGHT LIKE THAT
ABOUT NUMBERS BUT NOW ) HAVE ANOTHER TOOL
TO USE WHEN DEBATING EVOLUTIONISTS
4HANK
YOU GUYS FOR ALL YOU DO
J.Y.

*UST THIS WEEK ) DISCOV

ERED THAT $R $UANE
'ISH PASSED AWAY THIS
SPRING (E WAS A WONDER
FUL MAN 7E MET HIM IN
 WHEN HE WAS A GUEST
SPEAKER AT #HRIST #OMMUNITY #HURCH IN
/MAHA .% ) HAD BEEN A FAN OF )#2 SINCE )
WAS A TEENAGERxAND HOW ) HAVE ENJOYED HIS
BOOKS
(E MADE A DIFFERENCE IN THIS WORLD
AND HE MADE A DIFFERENCE IN OUR LIVES .OW
HE IS REALLY LIVING
) KNOW HE IS ENJOYING
HEAVEN AND HEAVEN IS ENJOYING HIM
#!0
) THANK '/$ FOR YOUR MINISTRY ,IKE SO
MANY IN THE TECHNICAL lELDS THE ALMOST
UNRELENTING ONSLAUGHT OF EVOLUTION PROPA
GANDA SLANTS OUR VIEWS TOWARD COMPROMISE
)T IS THE BLESSING OF SOLID SCIENTIlC MINISTRIES
SUCH AS )#2xTHAT ARE LIKE AN OASIS IN THE
22

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JUNE 2013

) HAD TO WRITE IN REGARD

TO THE ARTICLE TITLED h!DAM
IN THE #ITYv BY (ENRY
- -ORRIS ))) %XCELLENT
WOW WONDERFUL 4HE AR
TICLESxIN Acts & Facts ARE
ALWAYS WONDERFUL BUT THERE ARE TIMES THEY
ALMOST JUMP OFF THE PAGE OUT OF THE MAGA
ZINE AND LITERALLY GRAB A PERSON
,3
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HOW BLESSED YOU ARE WITH MEN AND WOM
EN WHO CAN WRITE WHAT THEY WANT TO COM
MUNICATE ) HAVE KNOWN MY SHARE OF BRIGHT
PEOPLE IN MY  YEARS BUT ) CAN COUNT ON
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Facts IS THAT YOUR CONTRIBUTING WRITERS HAVE
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VINCED THAT OUR ,ORD IS HARD AT WORK BEHIND
THE SCENES ENABLING EVERYONE AT )#2 )S (E A
MODEST ,ORD OR WHAT
$0 4AIWAN
4HANK YOU FOR WHAT YOU
HAVE TAUGHT ME AND HOW
YOU HAVE OPENED MY UNDER
STANDING 'OD HAS ALWAYS
RETURNED ME TO 'ENESIS
THROUGH THE YEARS AND NOW
) KNOW MORE OF WHY ) AM SO THANKFUL FOR

THE BOOK Why Genesis MattersAND NOW

THE STUDY "IBLEAS WELL AS THE DAILY DEVO
TIONS -AY THE ,ORD BLESS THIS ;lNANCIAL GIFT=
AND MULTIPLY IT -AY (E OPEN THE HEARTS OF
UNDERSTANDING FOR PEOPLE THAT HAVE BEEN
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;%DITORS NOTE 4HIS BOOK IS NOW AVAILABLE AS
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) ENJOY YOUR Act & Facts PUBLICATION

AND YOUR DEVOUT DEDICATION TO SCIEN
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HAVE PEOPLE ON YOUR STAFF WHO SIT ON
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BE ELECTED ON STATE AND LOCAL STAFFS )S
THERE ANY LEGAL WAY TO TRAIN OR SUPPORT
STATE AND LOCAL BOARD OF EDUCATION OF
lCIALS TO ENSURE SCIENTIlCALLY ACCURATE
MATERIALS ARE PUT IN THE +  TEXT
BOOKS 4HE EVOLUTION MYTHOLOGY WAS
DIFlCULT FOR ME TO OVERCOME AS A NEW
CONVERT AND ) THINK AN OUNCE OF PRE
VENTION IS WORTH A POUND OF CURE FOR
THE FUTURE GENERATIONS "ECAUSE THE
"IBLE HAS BEEN TAKEN OUT OF PUBLIC ED
UCATION MY WIFE AND ) WILL NOT PLACE
OUR CHILDREN IN THAT SYSTEM RATHER
THEY ARE HOMESCHOOLED ) DO NOT WANT
MY CHILDREN HAVING TO FACE BATTLES THAT
CAN BE PREVENTED -Y CONCERN WITH
PUBLIC EDUCATION IS THAT CHILDREN ARE
POISONED AT AN EARLY AGE WITH INCOR
RECT INFORMATION THUS WHEN PRE
SENTED WITH ACCURATE INFO THEY ARE LESS
LIKELY TO ACCEPT IT /UR FOUNDING FA
THERS SPECIlCALLY $R "ENJAMIN 2USH
WOULD BE APPALLED THAT THE "IBLE HAS
BEEN TAKEN OUT OF SCHOOLS
M.L.

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