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Hello Everyone I am Fayyaz Ahmed and the first thing I would like to
tell you is that I am not a book Writter, I am just a professional like
everyother professional in the field and student of CISCO courses like
you. I completed my CCNA, MSITP & CCNP certifications by the Grace of
ALLAH just some while ago. Now you would be wondering that if I am
not a writer then why am I writing this? Well that is a good question and
to answer this good question I am going to tell you a story of mine .
My Story:
So, the idea of writing this tutorial came into my mind a few
days back when I lost my job. I was working in a software
house as a Network Assistant and I lasted for more then 1 year
there, So when I lost my job for some unknown reasons, I started looking to find a new job and at
that time of those days I was a free man (at last) with lots of free time, So one day I was sitting in
my home and thinking of my future and wondering what is going to happen, I mean that what
should I do in my free time and suddenly the idea came into my mind like this hayee why am I
wasting my precious time? why not read a CCNP book, This is a good deal for me because INSHA
ALLAH in Future I will be an Excellent CISCO Newtork Engeneer. So that is how the idea came [very
dramatic isnt it], then the very next day I started reading the book and after reading the book I
thought of all you guys who are free just like me, what If I can share it with you guys? what I have
learned? It would be great, So for easy understanding I have tried to translate this tutorial in
roman urdu language for all my friends who are my field brother. TRUE STORY Thats All .
Feedback Information:
As you read this tutorial and you think that this has helped you in any way then it would be
great if you give me your feedback and even if you think that it has been poorly conceived and
written I would like to hear your Feedback and your comments. Feel free to comment on CTTC
page on my post or on my Facebook Status. Also I have many notes in my knowledge about
CCNA and topics like VLAN, TRUNKKING, Switches, ACL, OSPF, EIGRP and lots more. Thank You
so much for reading this this and also prays for my bright Future stay connected. Fayyaz
Ahmed.
Topics:
1. Technology of Routing Protocol.
2. Understand Routing Protocol.
3. Administrative Distance.
4. Default Administrative Distance some Routing Protocol.
5. Routing Protocol Characteristics.
6. EIGRP, OSFP, BGP.
7. Building a Routing Table.
8. EIGRP Protocol Briefly Describe.
9. EIGRP Overview.
10. EIGRP Features .
11. EIGRP Concept.
12. EIGRP Table.
13. EIGRP Function to Controlled by four key technologies.
14. EIGRP Message.
15. EIGRP Transport.
16. EIGRP Delay Time.
17. Neighbor Discovery & Route Exchange.
18. EIGRP Best Route Selection.
19. Successor Route, Feasible Successor Route.
20. How to Calculate Second best path.
21. Feasible Distance, Advertise Distance.
22. EIGRP matriculation.
23. EIGRP Autonomous System Number.
24. EIGRP PDMs Protocol.
25. Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL).
26. Query Problem in EIGRP.
27. Solution Hub & Spoke Topology.
28. Planning an EIGRP Implementation.
29. Basic EIGRP Configuration.
30. Verify & Troubleshoot EIGRP.
31. EIGRP Load Balancing.
32. Unequal load Balancing (Variance command).
33. Equal Load Balancing.
34. Graceful shutdown.
CCNP
List of EIGPR Labs:
1. EIGRP Configuration
Verify Commands
2. Unequal cost Load Balancing
Verify Commands
3. EIGRP Authentication
Verify Commands
4. Route Summarization in EIGRP
Verify Commands
5. EIGRP Stub Feature
Verify Commands
EIGRP
CCNP:
Technology of Routing Protocol:
1)
2)
3)
Administrative Distance:
AD jab hum routers per bhut sary protocols
chalty hy to jab AD decide karta hy k kon sa
best path thk hy or kon sa best protocol hy
destination route tak pouchny k ley. Jis
protocol ka AD value lowest hota hy router us
protocol ko active rakh k hamari traffic waha sy
pass karta hy.
0
1
200
20
90
170
7)
8)
9)
10)
110
115
120
255
1) EIGRP:
EIGRP Cisco ka propriety protocol hy or ye sirf Cisco k Routers per hi chalta hy. It is simple for network staff to
configure & support.
2) OSFP:
OSPF is a open standard Protocol ap ye kessi bhi router py chala sakty hy chaye 1 Cisco ka ho or 1 Juniper ka
OSPF Run kar jaye ga qk ye industry Standard hy. It is a bit more difficult for network staff to configure & support.
3) BGP:
BGP bhi open Standard hy but ye bhut hi complex or large networks k darmiyaan Autonomous System number
sy connect hota hy. Matlab network k A.S number sy ye implement karny my bhut hi mushkil or complex hy or essy
Network Engineers hi configure or maintain karty hy.
EIGRP Features:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
Support VLSM
Manually summarization at any interface
EIGRP matriculation karta hy based on Bandwidth or Delay.
EIGRP Multiple Network Layer ko support karta hy jessy IP,IPX & Apple Talk
EIGRP 1 wahid essa protocol hy jo Equal on Unequal load balancing provide karta hy.
EIGRP best path to calculate karta hy per 2nd best path bhi phly sy hi calculate kar k rakhta hy taky Dealy time kam
lagye.
EIGRP ki Conversation bhut fast hy qk ye 2nd best path phly sy hi calculate kar k rakhta hy.
EIGRP Loop free Topology create karta hy.
EIGRP Classless Routing Protocol hy or ye manual Summarization or VLSM ko bhi support karta hy.
EIGRP kessi bhi router per Summarization kar sakta hy or OSPF my Summarization sirf ABR router per hoti hy.
EIGRP jab bhi koi Update packet send karta hy tu wo broadcast nahi balky Multicast IP py send karta hy jo hy
224.0.0.10.
Fast conversation changing form update.
Only Update share pora routing table nahi.
No broadcast unicast & Multicast Only.
Direct IP py run karta hy or IP py Protocol Number 88 ko use karta hy.
Multiple Network Layer support karta hy or sub k alag alag Routing Table banata hy.
PDMs (Protocol Department Module) this protocol work to different network layer to make a separate table.
EIGRP Concept:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
EIGRP phly sirf CISCO Propriety protocol tha per ab cisco ny essy open standard bana kar diya.
EIGRP ka Administrative Distance yani A.D hota hy 90 or is ka protocol number hy 88.
EIGRP Algorithm hy DUAL (Diffusion Update algorithm).
Best Path calculate Bandwidth & Delay.
Bandwidth zada delay kam its equals to Best Path.
EIGRP Table:
EIGRP 3 table banata hy.
Neighbor Table:
Neighbor Table my Router khud sy directly connected router ki information ko save karta hy k us k baraber my
kon sa Router laga hy or us tak janny ki kia information hy ya kia rasta hy. Or Router pher apny us neighbor
Router k interface py jis sy wo connect horta hy us interface py wo HELLO packets ko send karta hy jis sy Router
ko pata lagta rehta hy k us ka neighbor Router UP hy ya down essy KEEPALIVE messgae bhi khty hy. Or ye her 5
second k bad auto send hoty hy. Or is ka dead time hota hy 3 time load yani 15 second tak agar hello message ka
response nahi aata hy to router samajh jata hy k us ka nighbor Router down hogaya hy. Or ye HELLO packets bhi
Multicast IP py send hoty hy 224.0.0.10.
(Show IP EIGRP neighbors)
Topology Table:
Topology table my Router apny pory network ki diagram rakhta hy or us my sary router ki information hoti hy or
pori topology information bhi save hoti hy. Or EIGRP ka 2nd best path bhi topology table my hota hy.
(Show IP EIGRP Topology)
Routing Table:
Routing Table my sary Routers ki information hoti hy or best path bhi routing table my hota hy. Routing table ko
hum router ka brain khty hy qk wo wahi sy Router sary decision lyta hy.
(Show IP Route)
Neighbor Discovery
Reliable Transport Protocol
Diffusing Update Algorithm
Protocol Department Modules
:
:
:
:
EIGRP Message:
EIGRP 5 tarha k Message ko send karta hy.
1) Hello Message:
Neighbor Relationship build karny k ley.
2) Update Message:
Networks my jab bhi koi update hoti hy tu waha Update message Multicast send kiye jaty hy.
3) Query Message:
Query message my jab best path down hojata hy to router 2nd best path ko active kardyta hy tab router
pher sy koi 2nd best path search karny k ley dosray router ko query message send karta hy or wo dosry router sy
best route ki information k bary my pata karta hy.
4) Reply Message:
Reply message my router Hello message ka rply karty hy hello message sy hi.
5) Acknowledgment Message:
ACK message my router ko jab Update message milta hy to router ACK message send karty hy k unhy
update packets mil gaye hy.
EIGRP Transport:
Jessy IP ki transport TCP sy guzarti hy Voice ki traffic UDP sy guzarti hy wessy hi EIGRP ki Transport us k apny protocol
RTP (Reliable Transport Protocol) sy guzarti hy. Update Message, Query Message or Rply Message my RTP use hota hy
qk waha sy response milta hy.
(HELLO
MESSAGE)
Step 2
(REPLY
MESSAGE)
Step 3
(UPDATE
Step 4
MESSAGE)
Step 5
MESSAGE)
MESSAGE)
Is tarha EIGRP k Neighbor discover hoty hy apny neighbor ko messages send kar k or jab EIGRP my neighbors ban jaty hy
to wo apas my Keep alive Message yani Hello Message ko appas my send karty rehty hy her 5 second bad jis sy unhy
link up hy is ki information milti rehti hy. Router 15 second tak Hello message k rply ka wait karty hy or jab 15 second tak
rply nahi aata to routers samajh jaty hy k un ka neighbor router Down hogaya hy. & then pher wo QUERY Message send
karna start karty hy.
Successor Route:
Jo first path hota hy EIGRP my ussy hum Successor Route khty hy. Or Successor Route ki information Routing Table my
hoti hy qk wo best path hota hy.
Feasible Distance: Source Router sy ly kar Destination Router tak jo cost hoti hy links ki ussy hum Feasible
Distance khty.
Advertise Distance: Next Hope yani Source Router k Neighbor Router sy ly kar Destination Router tak jo cost
hoti hy links ki ussy hum Advertise Distance khty hy.
Thats a Rule k agar kissi router ko 2nd best path banna hy tu us ka A.D chota hona chayee best path k F.D sy. Jab ja k wo
2nd best path banny ga. Or essi waja sy hammy EIGRP my loop free topology milti hy.
EIGRP Matriculation:
EIGRP 5 chezzo ko use karta hy apni Matriculation k ley jis sy wo best path wagera ki selection karta hy.
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
=
=
=
=
=
Bandwidth
Delay
Load
Reliability
MFU
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
1
1
0
0
0
K1
K2 Bandwidth
+
Bandwidth +256 load
K3 Delay
K5
256
K4 + reliability
hy Successor Route or jis path ka F.D best path k A.D sy kam hota hy wo khlata hy Feasible Successor Route jo k
second best path hota hy. Agar Successor Route down hojata hy to DUAL algorithm Feasible Successor Route ko foren up
kar dyta hy or Topology Table sy otha k Routing Table my ly aata hy or sari traffic pher us link sy aagye forward hoti hy is
sy dead interval time bhut hi kam milta hy. Jab router Faisable Successor Route ko as a Successor Route select kar
lyta hy to us k pass pher koi second best path nahi bachta to router pher sy second best ko find karny k ley apny sary
interfaces py Query Message send karta hy k ab alternate path ya 2nd best path kon banyee ga is k ley or jab tak sari
Queries ka rply nahi aajta jab tak router koi alternate path ko select nahi karta. Router 3 minute tak sari Queries k rply ka
wait karta hy or agar 3 Minute tak sari Queries ka rply nahi aata to router SIA (Stuck in active) mode my chala jata hy is
case my wo un neighbors sy apni relationship reset kar dyta hy jo Query ka rply nahi karty. SIA mode Stuck In Active
ess ley hota hy k Queries itni barh jatti hy qk sary routers appas my send kar rahy hoty hy query message ko or jo router
rply ka wait kar raha hota hy us tak rply pouchta hi nahi hy or Queries ka Loop Create hojata hy or Queries itni barh jati
hy k wo network ki 50 % bandwidth consume kar rahi hoti hy jo k 1 bhut bari problem hy.
Is Queries Problem sy bachny k ley hum Hub & Spoke Topology ko use karty hy is my hum routers ko bataty hy k janny ka
bs 1 hi rasta hy jo Query Router ny send ki hy wohi Query ghome k dobara ussy router py na aayee sirf us Query ka
reply aaye matlab Qery jany ka sirf 1 hi rasta hu taky Loop Create na ho paye to essa karny k ley hum router py
command chalaty hy STUB command.
Stub Routing is the one way to limit queries. Hub & Spoke Topology my STUB Router 1 hi hota hy jo k bhut sary
neighbors sy connect hota hy. Ye feature Hub & Spoke Topology my use kia jata hy jab Routers EIGRP my as a STUB
Configure hoty hy to jo neighbor router hoty hy wo wohi query bar bar send nahi karty in the form of Loop.
Unicast Neighbor:
EIGRP Multicast address ko use karta hy apny messages ko send karny k ley jo hy 224.0.0.10 hum is ki ye multicast IP
apni marzi sy bhi configure kar sakty hy us k routing protocols my configuration kar sakty hy command hy Neighbor (IP
ADDRESS) wo us ip ka jo ap configure karu router k interface py jo IP configure hy same subnet my hona lazmi hy.
If you type the command show ip eigrp neighbors you see this words.
Feedback Information:
As you read this tutorial and you think that this has helped you in any way then it would be
great if you give me your feedback and even if you think that it has been poorly conceived and
written I would like to hear your Feedback and your comments. Feel free to comment on CTTC
page on my post or on my Facebook Status. Also I have many notes in my knowledge about
CCNA and topics like VLAN, TRUNKKING, Switches, ACL, OSPF, EIGRP and lots more. Thank You
so much for reading this this and also prays for my bright Future stay connected. Fayyaz
Ahmed.