VACCINATION &HOMOEOPATHY

PRESENTED BY
DR.N.S.K.CHAITANYA.

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HISTORY OF VACCINATION
100 years before Edward Jenner
Anatolian Ottoman Turks know about the
methods of Vaccination.
They used to apply their children with cow pox
taken from the breast of the cattle.
In 1718 Lady Mary Wortley Montague reported
the Turks about their tradition of vaccination.
She inoculated her son in the turkish way

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INDIA, CHINA the smallpox inoculation were used before 200BC.

In china they used powdered dried crust of the small pox was
used as a snuff in the nose.
In ENGLAND a superficial incision was made on the arm and a
thread was soaked in the fluid from the smallpox pustule drawn
in.It produced mild form of disease locally and the patient was
selfguarded from the future infection.
Smallpox Inoculation was first introduced in england.
They tried successfully on 6 criminals and later was inoculated by
many Royal members.

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More than 6 people have done tests on cowpox

matter is useful as the Immunisation for small pox
in humans before the EdwardJenner.They are
1)A person of identity unknown(1772)
2)Mrs Jensen Germany(1770)
3)Mrs Sevel Germany(1772)
4)Benjamin Jesty England(1774)
5)Mrs Rendall England(1782)
6)Peter Plett Germany(1791)

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In 1796 Edward jenner a english scientist.

He inoculated the material from the cowpox
blisters from the hand of a milk maid.
Later Louis pasteur made further improvements
to the jenners inoculation.

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IMMUNISATION
It aims to produce the artificially a degree of resistance sufficient to
prevent a clinical attack of the natural infection without its effect
to the recipient.
Mainly of 2 types.They are
Active Immunisation.
Passive Immunisation.
Active Immunisation:Highly effective.
It works through 2 key elements
1)Specificity.
2)Memory.
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Specificity:Vaccine when induced produce specific antibody.

Memory:These memory cells helps the host to act promptly
powerfully and for a prolonged duration with much
higher level of antibodies in secondary response than to the
primary response.
Route of Administration:
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
BCG Intradermally in deltoid region.

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Types of live vaccines

Live attenuated
Killed or inacvtivated.
Toxoids.

Sub unit

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Live vaccines:They are produced from the attenuated strains that are almost or
completely devoid of pathogenicity but are capable of inducing
immune response.
The suspensions of living organisms with reduced virulency
mimic the natural infection with antibody production but without
symptoms.
Reactions are mild and similar to the natural disease.
A single dose of live vaccine induces long lasting immunity and can
be reinforced by the subsequent booster doses.

Ex: Bacterial: Typhoid,Whooping cough,Yellow fever.

Viral:
Polio, Measles,Mumps etc.

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Killed(Inactivated) vaccine:
The pathogen is totally killed.
The outer coat of the capsid of the virion kept
intact but the replicative function should be
destroyed.
To be effective the killed vacines should contain
more antigens than the live vaccines.
Usually 3 doses are required.
2nd dose after 6 weeks after 1st dose.
3rd dose after 6 months after 1st dose.
Ex:Bacterial: Typhoid ,Cholera,Pertussis
Viral:
Influenza,Killed polio virus.
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TOXOIDS:
These are inactivated toxic compounds from the microorganisms
in cases where these cause illness.
ex :Toxoid based vaccines include Tetanus,Diphtheria.
SUB-UNIT:
Rather than introducing an inactivated or attenuated micro
organism to an immune system, a fragment of it can create an
immune response.
Ex Hepatitis vaccine it mainly composed of the surface proteins of
the virus. The vaccine against the Human Papilloma Virus is
mainly composed of the virus like particle ie the major capsid
protein of the virus.

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A good number of innovative vaccines are also in development and

in use
Conjugate :
Certain bacteria have polysaccharide outer coats that are
poorly Immunogenic. By linking these outer coats to proteins.
(eg:toxins)
The Immune system can be lead to recognize the polysaccharide as
if it were a protein antigen.This approach is used in Haemophilus
Influenza type B vaccine.
Recombinant Vector:
By combining the physiology of the one microorganism and
the DNA of the other,immunity can be created against the
diseases that have complex infection process.
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DNA VACCINES:-Recently, encouraging results were reported for

DNA vaccines whereby DNA coding for the foreign antigen is
directly injected into the animal so that the foreign antigen is
directly produced by the host cells.
In theory these vaccines would be extremely safe and
devoid of side effects since the foreign antigens would be
directly produced by the host animal.

In addition, DNA is relatively inexpensive and easier to

produce than conventional vaccines and thus this
technology may one day increase the availability of
vaccines to developing countries.

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The technique that is being tested in humans involves the direct

injection of plasmids - loops of DNA that contain genes for
proteins produced by the organism being targeted for immunity.
Once injected into the host's muscle tissue
and the DNA is taken up by host cells,
which then start expressing the foreign
protein.
The protein serves as an antigen
that stimulate an immune responses
and protective immunological
memory.

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Adjuvants:
Agents used to potentiate the immune response both
humoral and cell mediated.
It may not be an antigen itself:
They are customarily administerd
2 types
Particulate.
Non particulate

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PHYSIOLOGY:

Adjuvant +Antigen

Insoluble complex
Slows down the escape of Antigen

Prolongs the original stimulus

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Mechanism of Action of Adjuvants:

Increases the number of cells involved in antibody
production.
Ensure a more efficient processing of antigen.
Prolongs the duration of the antigen in the immunized
animal.
Increases the synthesis and release of antibody from
antibody forming cells.

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PASSIVE IMMUNISATION:
Involves injection of exogenous antibody present in human or
animal serum to give immediate protection to an anticipated
infection.
Types
1)Human sera
2)Animal sera
Human sera:
Human Immunoglobulin is preferred to Animal
Immunoglobulin. It is of two types.
Pooled immunoglobulin
Specific immunoglobulin:

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Pooled Immunoglobulin: Prepared from pooled normal human serum

containing high levels of appropriate antibody.
Specific Immunoglobulin:
The Specific Immunoglobulin should contain atleast 5 times the
antibody potential to the standard preparation
per unit volume.
Prepared from the sera of the patients who are recovered from
the infection or individuals who are Actively Immunised against
a specific infection.
Administration of Human sera:
Intramuscular injection
Intravenous injection.

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Animal sera:
Here the antigen is introduced

Antibody is produced
Pooled up and taken.
Advantages: Used in Tetanus,Diptheria,Botulism,Gas gangrene,Snake
bite.

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Disadvantages:
Due to the presence of foreign protein to which the
recepient forms antibody resulting in rapid elimination.
Hypersensitivity reactions may occur in few cases.
Rare cases may cause anaphylaxis and may cause serious
problems.

Donts :Not to be administered before or after Active

Immunisation.
It reaches the peak blood levels in 2 days after Inoculation.
Half life is 25-30 days.

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When vaccines not to be administered:

In cases of serious illness.
Immunodeficiency
Corticosteroid therapy.
Immunosuppressive treatment.
Chemotherapy.
Radiotherapy.
Pregnancy.

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Adverse effects of vaccination

Formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde is oxidised to formic acid which leads to
acidosis and nerve damage.
Liver,kidneys may also be damaged.
Other effects:
SIDS
Flu
Central nervous system depression.

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Mercury(Preservetive)
Aphthous stomatitis,Catarrahal Gingivitis,Nausea,Liquid
stools,Ataxia,Deafness,
Acute Poisoning:
Gastrointestinal failure.
Early signs of severe poisoning.
Fine tremors of extended hands
Loss of side vision, Slight loss of -Coordination in the eyes.
Speech
Writing
Gait

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Post vaccination syndrome:

2 types
Acute syndrome: Fever,Convulsions,Absent
Mindedness,Encephalitis,Meningitis,Bronchitis,Fainting,
Shock,Pneumonia,Cot death,Limb swollen around the point of
Inoculation.
Chronic Symptoms:
Colds,amber or green phlegm,Inflamed
eyes,Allergies,Diabetes,Epilepsy,Growth disturbance,Behavioural
problem.

There is no clear demarcation between the acute and chronic

complaints as the acute conditions are often the beginning of
chronic suffering.
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Post Vaccinal Behavioural Syndrome:

Ill humour
Anxiety
Aggressiveness
Contact disturbances
Hysterical behaviour
ADHD
Autism

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VACCINOSIS:
All the diseases caused by the vaccines are called as
Vaccinosis.
Vaccine has 2 reactions
Acute reaction
Chronic reaction
Acute vaccine reaction produces Fever,fussiness,drowsiness,
Chronic vaccine reactions produce many complaints but majority
are mainly suffered by 3 syndromes.
Post Encepahlitic Syndrome
Post Vaccinal Encephalitis.
Minimal brain damage.

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Vaccinosis produces 4 major sets of

symptoms.They are
Autism
Hyperactivity
Dyslexia
Learning disabilities

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STALWARTS OF VACCINOSIS:
Dr Christian Frederich Samuel Hahnemann:
He suggested Belladonna and prevented Scarlet fever.
Cuprum met 30C prevents cholera.

Dr Hering :
His contributions are the major and out of these the nosodes are
considered as the efficient drugs agains the acute and chronic
miasms.

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Boenninghausen:
He used Thuja as preventive for small pox.

Dr JTKent:
Tub bovinum given in10M,50M,CM potencies 2 doses of each at
long intervals.All children,young people who have inherited TB
may be Immunised from their inheritance their resiliency will be
stored.

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In 1830 he proposed the use of

Hydrophobinum for prevention of rabies
Variolinum for prevention of small pox.
Psorinum for prevention of itch miasm.
HERINGS OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS:
NOSODES
SARCODES
AUTO-NOSODES
BIOCHEMICS

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DrBurnett:
Vaccinium for Small pox
Baptisia as a prophylactic for Typhoid.

Dr P Chavanon administered diptherinum 4M,8M after one to two

months the antitoxins were measured in the blood.
He noted all the 45 children changed from Shick test positive to
Shick test negative.
Patterson,Boyd repeated the same experiment after 40 years and
they are succesful.

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In August 1974 in Guarantingueta Brazil there was a severe

Epidemic of Meningitis 18640 children were given
Meningococcinum 10CH while 6340 children did not receive the
nosode.
4 cases of meningitis developed out of 18640 children
34 cases of meningitis noted in 6340 children.
Success rate is more than 99%

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Homoeoprophylaxis
By 3 methods
Constitutional treatment
Genus epidemicus
Use of identical nosodes.
Constitutional treatment:
Totality of symptoms
Good hygiene,nutrition,stress management,constitutional treatment
forms the first line of defense against all the infections.
No disease will arise without an existing predisposition to that
disease.it is the absence of the predisposition to any
Particular disease that makes us immune to it. Homoeopathy alone
is capable of removing these predispositions.
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Genus epidemicus:
They are selected by group anamnesis. They are effective in
preventing,aborting,treating the targeted miasm.

Nosodes:
They have a wider band of action orthodox Immunisation.
Nosode of the threatening miasm is given as a preventive of the
same disease. In this way the infectious miasms carry their own
cure.
Ex:Pertussin to prevent Whoophing cough
Nosodes can be made from patients suffering from a new
infectious disorders.

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Specific Immunoprophylaxis:
Disease
Poliomyelitis
Hepatitis
Malaria
Cholera
Yellow fever
Measles
Meningitis
Whoophing cough
Dengue fever
Typhoid

Remedy
Lathyrus sativus
Chelidonium
Natrum mur, Malaria officinalis
China
Cuprum met
Crotalus Horridus
Pulsatilla
Belladonna
Drosera
Eupatorium perf
Baptisia
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Quinsy
Erysipeals
Pus infection
Hydrophobia
Intermittent fever
Hay fever
Bubonic plague

Baryta carb
Graphites
Arnica
Bell,Cantharis, Hyos,
Stramonium.
Ars alb,Chin. sulph
Ars ,Psorinum
Tarentula cubensis

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Disease

Nosodes

Whoophing cough
Diphtheria
Measles
Rubella
Mumps
Chicken pox
Tetanus
Meningitis
Flu
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis

Pertussin
Diphtherinum
Morbillinum
Rubellinum
Parotidinum
Varicelllinum
Tetanus toxin
Meningococcinum
Influenzinum
Pneumococcinum
Tuberculinum

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Primay action of homoeopathic remedy replaces the susceptibility

of the targeted natural disease with a subtle ,yet stronger
remedial mistuning. From this time forward the stronger
homoeopathic potency repels the targeted natural disease.
The primary action of the prophylactic remedy stimulates a strong
secondary action of the vital force that provides the further
resistance of the target miasm.
Thus both the primary and secondary action of the homoepathic
remedy are protective in nature.
If the primary action of the remedy is too strong the individual will
prove the remedy and produce signs and symptoms.
For this reason the practitioner must be careful in prescription.
Not to use too large dose,too high a potency or giving the remedy
too many times when not required.
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THANK YOU

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