THEME: ICT

LOGICAL CONNECTORS
Guidelines
Logical connectors are used to link ideas or sentences. To improve on your
essay, you need to use logical connectors where appropriate. Some examples of
logical connectors are as follows:
Logical Connectors
because, since, as

Function
To show reason

for, so that, in order to

To show
purpose

as a result,
consequently,
therefore

To show cause
and effect

but, although, even

though, however

To show
contrast

if, unless, as long as

To express
condition

Examples
They could not go out
because it rained
heavily.
Since he woke up late,
he missed the bus.
As she is busy preparing
for her examination, she
has no time to read her
e-mails.
She wants to save some
money for her future.
Tang is studying hard so
that he can pass the
examination with flying
colours.
He worked day and night
in order to raise money
for his fathers operation.
The rain fell heavily for
three days. As a result,
the village was flooded.
John did not have enough
sleep for a week.
Consequently, he fell
sick.
He broke the glass in the
shop. Therefore, he had
to pay for it.
He tried his best but
could not achieve his
target.
Although he has the
qualification, he still
cannot get a job.
She is very generous
even though she is not
rich.
If you go to the market,
please buy me a packet
1

in addition,
furthermore, besides

To add new
information

of noodles.
Chong is not going to
Penang unless the
weather is fine.
As long as you make
sales, you can continue
working here.
They put up the lights. In
addition, they changed
the curtains.
I have never been to
Kelinga. Furthermore, I
do not know where it is.

Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable logical connectors. You may use some of them
more than once.
therefore, for, since, as, because, in order to, as a result, so,
consequently, so that
1. We must save some money _________ our future.
2. You must study hard _________________ the examination is on Monday.
3. ____________ it was a sunny day, I decided to go strolling along the beach.
4. Alan is afraid of the dark ___________ he leaves the light on all night.
5. He switched on the fan ___________ it was hot but his brother switched it off.
6. Izan lost the keys to his house. __________________, he could not get in.
7. She reads a lot of story books. _________________ her English has improved.
8. ________________________ be successful, one must be determined and
disciplined.
9. _______________ our favourite restaurant was closed, we had to go
somewhere else for dinner.
10. Speak loudly ___________________ I can hear you.
Exercise 2
Join the sentences using the logical connectors given.
1. Jane continued to work. She was tired. (even though)
_________________________________________________________________________
2. I could not take part in the football match. I had sprained my ankle. (because)
2

_________________________________________________________________________
3. Mak Minah still plants her own vegetables. She is already 65 years old.
(although)
_________________________________________________________________________
4. He jogs every morning in the park. He is not busy. (if)
_________________________________________________________________________
5. The cleaner mops the floor every day. She keeps it clean. (in order to)
_________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3
Complete the story with the logical connectors given.
because,
therefore

since,

but,

if,

One morning, I woke up late. 1__________, I decided to take the shorter

route to work. As I was driving down the road, I saw two men in a van. They
looked suspicious 2______________ they parked their car in front of Encik Raihans
house. I knew that Encik Raihan and his wife were away in Mecca on a
pilgrimage.
I immediately called the police who came after a few minutes.
Apparently, three other men were already inside the house. 3_________________
four patrol cars and fifteen armed policemen had surrounded the house, they
could not escape. One of them tried to flee through the back door 4________ was
caught by one of the policemen. 5________ I had been early to work, the burglars
would have stolen from many houses too.
ARTICLE
Guidelines
1. Read the question/instruction carefully.
2. Organise the given points in paragraphs.
3. Give your article a suitable title.
4. Use simple and formal language.
5. Use all the points/notes given. Expand on them and give relevant examples or
reasons.
6. End your article appropriately.
7. Once you have finished writing, check for grammatical and spelling mistakes.
Formats for an article
Format 1
Title
by : (Name of writer )
(Introduction)_________________
_______________________________

Format 2
Title
(Introduction)__________________
________________________________
________________________________
3

_______________________________
(Body/Content
points)__________
_______________________________
_______________________________
(Body/content
points)__________
_______________________________
_______________________________
(Conclusion)
__________________
_______________________________

(Body/content
points)____________
________________________________
________________________________
(Body/ content
points)___________
________________________________
________________________________
(Conclusion)
___________________
________________________________
Written by,
(Name of writer)

Task 1
Rewrite the following sentences in the correct order according to either format 1
or format 2.

Apart from e-mail, we can also keep in touch and make new friends
through chatrooms. Chatrooms enable us to communicate in real time and
receive responses almost instantly. Those with webcams will even be able
to see each other.
The Benefits of the Information Highway
Now, Im sure many of you surf the Internet, be it for information of for
entertainment. I, myself, find it most convenient to keep in touch with
friends and relatives through e-mails. Furthermore, it saves costs. I do not
have to waste time queueing up at the post office to buy stamps.
We can also carry out e-learning through the Internet. Our teachers can
set us tasks and we can work online, allowing them to monitor our
progress. At the same time, we can engage in forums among ourselves. In
this way, we can exchange ideas, learn from each other and more
importantly, develop to become independent learners.
The Information Highway offers us a lot of benefits. What is the
Information Highway? Of course, it is not one that is choked with cars
zooming by. It is just another name for the Internet.
by : Amir b. Hassan
In conclusion, the Information Highway has made our work and lives
easier. It has become an indispensable part of our life. As such, we cannot
deny the fact that the Information Highway has indeed benefitted us in
many ways.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Task 2
As the Chairperson of the Computer Club in your school, you have been asked to
write an article on The advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. Write
your article using the notes given below.
5

Advantages
convenient
provides valuable information
makes learning fun
enhances students learning
interests
chat with friends
send and receive e-mails

Disadvantages
information can be
misleading
exposed to inappropriate
websites
making friends through the
Internet can be dangerous
addictive
affect health
personal information used
for potential crime

When writing your article, you should remember to:

give a suitable title
give your name as the writer
use all the information given
provide an ending
Exercise 1
Rearrange the sentences given below to form a paragraph.
The truth is that, the Internet has its advantages and disadvantages.
Nowadays, people all over the world are using the Internet for a
variety of purposes.
Some people praise it for the many benefits it brings while others
argue that it is a harmful tool.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

The Internet makes learning fun as students learn information that

is presented in ways that school textbooks cannot match.
One of the advantages of the Internet is that it is very convenient
for us to search for information.
In fact, it provides valuable information on various subjects.
The information is easily available with just the click of a mouse.
The colourful audio-visual aids attract the attention of students,
especially young children.
Moreover, it enables us to chat with our friends.
6

The Internet also enhances the students learning interests as it

encourages their interaction with the subject matter.
In addition, we can also send as well as receive e-mails from people
all over the world.
Apart from that, it enables us to chat with our friends.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

However, the Internet also has its disadvantages.

Some of the information is misleading.
Another disadvantage is children can be exposed to inappropriate
websites without adult supervision.
This is because the information available may not be the truth.
There are many stories of young girls who have been cheated by
people they got to know through the Internet.
Furthermore, students can get addictive to the Internet.
Moreover, personal information such as address and telephone
number can also be used by a professional identity thief for a
potential crime.
Making friends through the Internet can be dangerous especially to
children and young girls.
This is because they spend many hours on the Internet.
If this continues, it will certainly affect their health.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
7

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

It is therefore the responsibility of the parents and teachers to

monitor the activities of their children or students.
In conclusion, although the Internet has its disadvantages, the fact
remains that the Internet is here to stay.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2
Now, write out the article using the correct format.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Task 3
Your school has just bought new computers for the Computer Room. As the
Chairperson of the Computer Club, you have been asked to write an article
about the advantages of using computers.
You made the following notes:

make jobs easy

make assignments attractive
information can be stored easily
can play computer games
Internet facilities
can get latest news from all over the world

When writing your article, you should remember to:

give a suitable title

give your name as the writer
use all the information given
elaborate on all the points given
provide an ending

Exercise 1
Elaborate on the points given.
Content points
1. make jobs easy

Elaboration

2. make assignments attractive and

interesting
3. can store information easily
10

4. can play computer games

5. Internet facilities
6. can get the latest news from all
over the world
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences below using the information above.
1. Computers
______________________________________________________________________
2. They also help to make
____________________________________________________________
3. We can store
____________________________________________________________________
4. In addition, we can play
___________________________________________________________
5. Computers also provide access to
___________________________________________________
6. If we are connected to the Internet, we can get
________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3
Complete the paragraphs below. Use the sentences above to help you and then,
continue with the elaboration.
1.

Computers

__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2.

They also help to make

________________________________________________________
11

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3.

We can store

________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4.

In addition, we can play

_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5.

Computers also provide access to

_______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6.

If we are connected to the Internet, we can get

____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 4
Write the above article using Format 1 or Format 2.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
THEME: ENVIRONMENT
REPORT
Task 1 Requirements of a report
Exercise 1: Read the question below and complete the report with the notes
given.
SAMPLE PAST YEAR QUESTION REPORT (SPM 2009)
Many of your schoolmates are not interested in sports. You have carried out a
survey on the reasons for their lack of interest. Based on your findings, write a
report to the Principal regarding the matter. In your report, give reasons for the
lack of interest in sports and provide suggestions to overcome the problems.
Use the following notes to write your report.
REASONS

Students
attitude
lack of time

Parents
emphasis on
academic
performance

Facilities
insufficient sports
equipment
poor condition
13

tuition classes

field, courts

SUGGESTIONS
Stress importance
of sports

Improve facilities

Dialogue with parents

Employ qualified
trainers

Organise more
competitions
Offer attractive
prizes

When writing the report, you must;

address your report to the Principal
provide a title
include your name
use all the notes given

14

To
: The Principal of SMK Datuk Haji Ahmad Badawi
From : Marlinawati, President of Sports Club
Title
: A report on reasons for the lack of interest in sports among
students
The Sports Club of SMK Datuk Haji Ahmad Badawi had recently conducted a
survey among 150 students of this school. The purpose of the survey is to
identify the reasons for the lack of interest in sports among students in this
school. The results of the survey show that there are three main reasons for
the lack of interest shown.
The first reason is the (1)________________ towards sports. They do not think
participating in sports is important. They stated that sports are merely extracurricular activities which they are required to take. Some students also said
that they (2)__________________ to take part in sports. Most of them are busy
after school with club or society meetings or tuition classes.
The second reason lies with the parents. The students surveyed said that
their parents place (3)_______________________________. Their parents also do not
encourage them to participate in sports because they want them to
concentrate on their studies. Any free time they have is filled with
(4)_______________________ or extra classes.
The third reason the students gave is related to sports facilities and
equipment. First, there is (5) ___________________________ for everyone. Students
have to take turns to use the racquets or hockey sticks which waste a lot of
their time. Many get bored waiting while some lose interest and eventually do
not attend practice at all. Second, students stated that the
(6)______________________________. They could not practise well or enjoy
themselves.
The problems identified through the survey can be overcome with the
following suggestions. First, teachers could (7)______________________________ to
their students such as keeping the mind and body fit and healthy and learning
the essential values such as teamwork. Teachers could also hold
(8)_________________________ to help them understand the importance of sports
in helping to create well-rounded students.
Second, the school should allocate more funds to help
(9)_______________________ and buy more equipment so everyone can have the
opportunity
to
participate.
It
will
also
be
a
good
idea
to
(10)_______________________ or coaches to help students learn and enjoy each
game better.
Third, the school could (11)_________________________ to get students
interested in participating in sports. Competitions are always fun so this would
be a good way to encourage students to be interested in sports. In addition,
the school could also (12)____________________ to encourage participation and
reward students for their performance.
The suggestions will help to create interest and encourage students
participation in sports.
Reported by,
Marlina
(MARLINAWATI)

F1
F3
F2

C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C1
0
C1
1
C1
2

F
-3
C12
L
-19
34

15

Adapted
from Saids SPM Module 2013

16

NOTE: FORMAT OF A REPORT

(A)

or

To
:
F1From :
Title :
F2
(Paragraphs)

(B)
To
:
Title :

F1
F2

F3(Paragraphs)

Name of writer*
F3
* Signature Reported by / Written by /
Prepared by
The Title; e.g. 'A Report on ....'
'An Investigation into...'
'An Analysis of ...'
'A Comparison of ... and ...'
Use of suitable tenses - Simple Past and Past Perfect
NOTE : We use Simple Past if we give past events in the order in which they
occurred. However, when we look back from a certain time in the past to tell
what had happened before, we use Past Perfect.
Simple Past
some time in the past

Past Perfect
before/up to a certain time in the
past

Example:
Example:
Jane got up at seven. She opened
Before her sixth birthday, Jane had
her birthday presents and then the
never been to the zoo.
whole family went to the zoo.

Signal Words
Simple Past

Past Perfect

first

already

then

up to then
17

before that
day

after*

*Note: "After" is only used as a signal word for Past Perfect if it is followed by a
subject + verb, meaning that one action had been completed before another
action began (the new action is in Simple Past).
Example:
After the family had had breakfast, they went to the zoo.
However, if "after" is followed by object + subject + verb, the verb belongs to
the new action and is therefore in Simple Past.
Example:
After her visit to the zoo, Jane was exhausted.
Exercise 2: Write down the correct form (pronoun + verb).
Simple Past

Past Perfect

I / go
he / drive
they / put
you / feel
she / stop
Exercise 3: Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past perfect).
1. Our survey (reveal) ____________ that several public recreational places (be)
_______ poorlymaintained.
2. We (gather) ___________ at the park entrance early in the morning.
3. The gardeners (help) __________ to dig flower beds.
4. We (empty) ____________ the waste bins and (pick) ________ up garbage that
(have) _______
been (strew) _____________ carelessly all over the park.
5. In times when there (be) __________ haze, open burning (worsen) ____________
the situation.

18

Use of suitable tenses - Simple Past and Present Perfect

Simple Past
certain time in the past

Present Perfect
just / already / not yet

Example:
I phoned Mary 2 minutes
ago.

Example:
I have just phoned Mary.

certain event in the past

Example:
He went to Canada last
summer.

whether / how often till now

Example:
Have you ever been to
Canada? / I have been to
Canada twice.

Signal Words
Simple Past

yesterday

... ago

in 1990

the other day

last ...

Present Perfect Simple

just

already

up to now

until now / till now

ever

(not) yet

so far

lately / recently

Exercise 4: Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect
simple).
19

1. A: I (see / not) _____________ you for a long time. Where (you / be)
_____________ ?
2. B: I (just / come) _______________back from Canada.
3. A: Oh really? What (you / do) _______________in Canada?
4. B: I (take) ______________ a nature tour.
5. A: Wow! (you / see) _______________many wild animals there?
6. B: Of course. I (watch) ___________bears, wolves and whales in the wild.
That (be) ____________ so interesting. (you /ever/ spend ) _______________a
holiday in Canada?
7. A: Yes, I (travel) _____________around Canada twice so far.
8. B: When (you / go) ____________ there?
9. A: The first time I (go) ___________ there (be) __________in 1997 and the
second time in 2004.
10.

B: (you / enjoy) _______________ it?

11.

A: I absolutely (love) ___________ it, especially the west coast.

Use of passive voice

Note : In the passive voice, the verb takes an object.
Examples:
Our class was given the task of cleaning up the neglected Taman Cahaya.
Parents were encouraged to take part in the activity.
The garbage was strewn everywhere.
These sentences are in passive voice. The Passive voice is used in English
(a) To stress the action done rather than the doer of the action
(b) If the doer is unknown

Exercise 5: Change the following sentences into the passive form.

1. They dug a well.
________________________________________________________________________________
_
2. She found mosquitoes everywhere.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. The gardener beautified the park with new plants.
20

_________________________________________________________________________________
4. The flood ruined and even washed away the fences.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Mud and rubbish being dumped into the drains clog them.
_________________________________________________________________________________

Task 2 A Clean-up Campaign

Your school has organised a Clean-up Campaign at the parks nearby the school.
Before the event, a survey was carried out to determine the places that need
cleaning up. After the event, you have been asked to write a report to the
Advisor of the School Environment Club on the activities carried out by your
class.
Use the notes given below to write your report.
Tasks

clean neglected park

survey

parents and students take part

Preparation

well-equipped

lorries hired

recycling centres

divided into

pick up garbage

21

beautify park

seedlings and young shrubs

Hope
enjoy results of hard work
proper maintenance

When writing the report, you must;

address your report to the Principal

provide a title

include your name

use all the notes given

Exercise 5: Write out the sentences using the notes given.

1. Our class given the task cleaning up neglected Taman Naluri
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. survey revealed several public recreational places poorly-maintained
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Besides students parents encouraged take part activity
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. had to be properly equipped gloves, hats, spades, gardening shears,
brooms
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. hired lorries transport refuse dump sites
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

22

6. lorries waste materials brought recycling centres bring plants and

soil - park
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. divided into groups parent acting leader each group
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. picked up rubbish strewn all over compound
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
9. two hours - beautifying park new plants
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. 6.00 p.m. - work finished scheduled
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
11. look forward visiting - enjoying fruits of our labour
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12. park properly lovingly maintained
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Task 1: Complete the report based on the question given.
To

: ___________________________________

From : ___________________________
Title

: A report on __________________________________
On the 24th April, our school carried out a project called

_______________________. Our class, Form 5 Cemerlang, was given the task of

_________________________________________.
23

Our ____________had revealed that several public recreational places

_________________. While land has been developed for apartment buildings,
houses and shopping complexes, parks are still in a sorry state.
Besides the ____________, ___________________________________ to take part
in the activity which was held on a weekend. We had to be
________________________ with gloves, hats, spades, gardening shears and
brooms. We hired ______________________________ to transport refuse to the
dump sites. These lorries also carried waste materials to be brought to
____________________ as well as to bring plants and soil to the park. The school
even borrowed two lawn movers and several ladders from the Municipal Council.
As early as 8.00 oclock in the morning, we gathered at the park entrance.
From the start, _________________________________ with a parent acting as the
leader of each group. In the cool, fresh air, we bustled around, weeding, cutting
and sweeping. Activity was intense and very soon, the black plastic bags were
filled with twigs, branches and grass. We also emptied the waste bins and
___________________________that had been strewn carelessly all over the
compound.
At 6.00 p.m., work finished as scheduled. The last two hours was devoted
to _________________________ with new plants. The regular gardeners for the park
helped us improve the soil and dig flower beds. It was indeed a pleasant task to
________________________.
We can now look forward to visiting the park and enjoying
________________________. We hope the park will be
_________________________________ from now on.
THEME: SOCIAL ISSUES
FORMAL LETTER
Common Types of Formal Letter
Letter of job application
Letter of complaint
Letter of inquiry
Letter of request
24

Common phrases in formal letter writing

I am writing to
I would like to
I would like to make/lodge a complaint
I would like to complain about
I would like draw your attention to
I would be pleased if
I would appreciate it if
I hope you would take immediate action
I hope you give my suggestions due consideration
Exercise 1
Write out the sentences with the phrases given.
1. rubbish not collected attract flies rats (I would like to complain)
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
2. rubbish terrible stench vomit (I am writing to)
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
3. drains clogged overflow when it rains (I would like to draw your attention to)
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__
4. plastic bags food containers breeding grounds for mosquitoes (I want to lodge a
complaint)
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__

25

5. more rubbish truck collect rubbish every two days (I would appreciate it if)
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__

FORMAT
F1 Senders Address

F3 Date

__________
__________
____________________________________
__________
__________
__________
31 Mac
2014

F4 Salutation
F5 Title/Reference

Dear Sir,
________________________

F2 Recipients
Address

I am writing to
2. .
3. .
F6 Closing and
Signature

Yours faithfully,
Mimi
(Mimi bt Adnan)

Bullying
-

Lack of care

Vandalism

A LETTER OF COMPLAINT
- Destroy school property
You have noticed that
there is a lot of social problems in school. There is a lack
Truancy
of discipline among the students.
- Feel bored
Write a letter of complaint to the Principal based on the notes you have
Smoking
made.
- Peer pressure

Fighting
-

Influence from outsiders

Drop out of school

-

Poor academic
performance

26

When writing the letter, you should remember to:

lay out the letter correctly (addresses, date, salutation, title, closing)

use all the notes given

Notes:
For your letter, you will receive up to 15 marks for the format and content
points, and up to 20 marks for the quality of your writing

SAMPLE LETTER 1:
Complete the following sample letter by filling in the blanks with suitable words.
Azlina bt. Abdullah,
25, Jalan Ciku,
Taman Indah,
40000 Bukit Lanchang,
27

Pulau Pinang.

En. Mazlan b. Yusof,

SMK Taman Indah,
40000 Bukit Lanchang

20

March 2014
Dear Sir,
Social Problems in the School
I would like to forward a complaint regarding the social problems in our school.
These problems caused by some students are disrupting the classes and
students are unable to concentrate on their lessons.
2.

One of the problems affecting our school is ________________________. The

younger students are scared to go to the canteen because there is a group of

students asking for money from them. These troubled students are from broken
homes and they________________________ from their parents. Another problem is
_________________________.

They

seem

to

enjoy

_______________________________________ and drawing on the toilet walls.

3. The next problem is ______________________. Students, who play truant,
___________________________ studying in class and so will make noise and disturb
others. When they are scolded by the teacher, they will skip the class and loiter
around the school. ___________________ is also a problem in school. The boys will
smoke in the toilets and behind the gardeners shed. Some of the younger
students said that they got into smoking because of _________________________.
4.

Besides, students from different classes are _____________________. They are

fighting because they are from different groups. The ____________________________

plays an important role in instigating fights among students. Finally, these
students

will

_________________________________________.

With

their

bad

attendance in school, they will have _____________________________________.

28

I hope that the school administrators will rectify these problems so that it will be
a good place to study. Thank you.
Yours faithfully,
_____________________________
(Azlina bt. Abdullah)

MODEL SPM QUESTION

You have noticed that the teenagers nowadays are involved in a lot of social
problems. Write a letter of complaint to the newspaper about the problems
and provide suggestions to overcome the problems based on the notes you
have made.

Drug abuse

Illegal racing

Vandalism

Gangterism

Teenage pregnancy

Juvenile delinquent

When writing the letter, you should remember to:

lay out the letter correctly (addresses, date, salutation, title, closing)

provide suggestions on how to solve each of the problems

use all the notes given

Ng Su Hang,
17, Jalan Bersih,
Taman Indah,
50000 Bandar Baru,
Pulau Pinang.

The Editor,
29

The Sunshine Post,

Pulau Pinang.

15

April 2014
Dear Sir,
Social Problems Among Teenagers
I would like to forward a complaint regarding the social problems faced by the
teenagers nowadays. It is quite common to see teenagers hanging around the
shopping mall even during school hours. This is especially true in the city.
2. There are many causes for this problem. Firstly,
_______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Secondly,
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Moreover,
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Besides,
_______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Other than that,
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

30

To make matter worse, the teenagers are becoming

______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. To solve the problem, I would like to make some suggestions. We can
_____________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
We also recommend that
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Furthermore, we can also
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Last but not least, please organise
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,

(Ng Su Hang)
31

THEME: FRIENDSHIP
Question 1

Directed Writing

Your sister is studying in a boarding school. She asked your advice on

how to choose a good friend.
Write a letter to advise her using the notes given :
The Qualities of a Good Friend

understands you
share feelings
trustworthy
good at keeping secrets
helpful
celebrate victorious moments
shares sorrows
remembers birthday
dependable
positive
sincere
have the same interests
When writing the letter, you should remember to :
- lay out the letter correctly ( address, greeting, closure)
- use all the notes given
- remember that your letter is to your sister

Note:
For your letter, you will receive up to 15 marks for the format, content
points, and up to 20 marks for the quality of your writing.

32

Exercise 1
1. Read the letter below and label its parts correctly.
Date
Senders Address
Complimentary Close

Salutation
Signature
86A, Lorong Hijau,
70000 Pandan Jaya,
Kuala Lumpur.
3rd May 2013

Dear Azlan,
Thank you for a wonderful stay - I really enjoyed being with you and your
family and being in the village. It was so peaceful compared to the hustle and
bustle of the city life here in Kuala Lumpur.
This has to be a short note, as Ive just started the mid-year examination but
Id love to hear news about you and the rest of the family -itll be a pleasant
break from studying! When do you plan to come visit me and my family? My
parents say any time after I finish my exams is okay, so Im looking forward to
that!
But for now, Ive got to go back to those books!
Regards,
John

33

Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the suitable linkers to complete the short passage. Use the
linkers given in the box below:
In conclusion
First of all
In addition
Secondly
Furthermore
Moreover
Nevertheless
Hence
Thus
Consequently
Qualities of a Good Friend
The definition of a friend and friendship varies with each individual. I
rather have an idealistic view on the qualities of a good friend.
_______________(1) , a good friend is someone who understands me , accepts
me for what I am and at the same time inspires me to do the best.
_________________(2), a true friend should not give up on me.
__________________(3,)
she
should
always
forgive
my
mistakes.
________________(4), never judge by my actions but by the intention of my
actions. Once, I was burdened with work and family commitments that I seek
the comforting words of a friend. I am glad to have a friend who urges me to
pick up the pieces and move on. _________________(5), a good friend is always
there to lend a helping hand or to lend me a shoulder to cry on.
_______________(6),
a
friend
should
also
be
trustworthy
and
loyal.________________(7), she would never betray my confidence towards her.
_________________(8),
true
friendship
is
indeed
demanding.
__________________(9), I should never expect such virtues in a friend unless I
am willing to offer these virtues in return. __________________(10), one must
be a friend to have a friend.

Modals
Modals are known as helping verbs.
They are always followed by other verbs because they cannot stand on their
own.
MODALS
shall/shou
ld

USAGE
EXAMPLES
To show obligation, duty or We should go to the hospital.
to give suggestion

must

To express obligation or You must finish the homework by

necessity
tomorrow.
To express ability to do Razak could not complete the task
something
on time.
To express a command that You will clear the table after using

can/could
will/would

34

may/migh
t
ought to
need to

is expected to be obeyed
To show possibility

it.
I may take part in the competition.

To show obligation or to give Jack ought to go to bed early so

suggestion
that he will be fresh tomorrow.
To express necessity
I need to do more exercise.

Exercise 3
Note Expansion
Expand the notes using the modals given into correct sentences.
The Qualities of a Good Friend
Example :
1. should - understand you
Answer: A good friend should be able to understand you.
2. can - share - feelings
________________________________________________________________________
3. must - someone - trustworthy
________________________________________________________________________
4. true - will - cheer up - down
________________________________________________________________________
5. must - good - keeping secrets
________________________________________________________________________
6. may -help- in studies
________________________________________________________________________
7. need to - find - helpful
________________________________________________________________________
8. should - lend a helping hand - difficulties
________________________________________________________________________
9. ought to - find - friend - dependable
________________________________________________________________________
10. friend - positive qualities -can - build - long-lasting - friendship
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
35

Exercise 4
Read the instructions in Question 1. Fill in the gaps with appropriate phrases to
complete the informal letter based on the clues given below.
F = Format of the informal letter
C = Contents given in Question 1
L = Linkers

__________________________,
(F1)__________________________
__________________________.
_______________________(F2)
__________________________(F3),
Hello there, Im really glad that you are getting used to the hostel life. Well
done Sis! How are you doing? I hope that you still have your smile on since it
has been almost three weeks that we left you in Nilai.
Everyones fine here. Mum and Dad have just returned from a short trip to
Kota Bharu where our grandparents live. Grandpa is recovering from his illness
so dont worry. Sheena is studying hard for her coming exams and she has been
burning the midnight oil in order to follow your footsteps. I guess you are her
inspiration now. Shafiq will be starting work in Bank Putera next month. And Adi?
Well, hes as mischievous as ever. As for me, nothing much, still waiting for the
entrance to the university. Do wish me the best. Sis!
By the way, about your request on the tips to find a good friend, Ive actually
done some reflections of my school life and to fulfill your request Ill tell you the
secret of finding a good friend even though sometimes it could be a little tricky.
__________________(L1), a good friend should be someone who
____________________(C1) well. ________________(L2), when you are moody or sad.
A good friend would be able to identify these emotions and give appropriate
responses to those situations. A true friend will cheer you up when you are
down. __________________(L3), you can always ________________________(C2) with
someone that you trust. A _______________(C3) friend is as precious as a
diamond.
____________________(L4),
your
good
friend
must
be
__________________________________________(C4).
36

____________________(L5), you need to find someone who is _______________

(C5) as your friend. She may help you in your studies especially in your weak
subjects. _____________________(L6), good friends are willing to help each other to
excel in studies and to be a better person. ___________________(L7), a good friend
also ____________________(C6). ____________________(L8), when you score the
highest in your class, she should be happy for you and celebrate your successful
achievement. __________(L9), she also _____________________________ (C7) as well.
She should lend a shoulder for you to cry on like the saying A friend in need is a
friend indeed. Good friends should help each other when one is facing with
difficulties.
________________________(L10), a good friend remembers the birth date of her
friends. She must wish you Happy Birthday on your birthday and vice versa.
This is a sign of closeness. ____________________(L11), its not necessary for her
to
buy
you
a
gift
for
your
birthday.
Its
enough
that
she
___________________________(C8). If she holds a birthday party for you that will be
a bonus! _____________________(L12), always find a friend that is
_________________(C9) . If you can count on your friend in good health or in
sickness consider that youre lucky. The most important quality in a good friend
is to find someone who has ________________(C10) qualities like being
_______________(C11) and responsible. Those are essential qualities that can
build a strong and long-lasting friendship.
_____________________(L13), your friendship could be better if your good friend
_______________________________________(C12) as you. This will enable the two of
you to communicate more effectively. ___________________(L14),you can share
your views and learn more by sharing your ideas.
I think Ive explained in detail on how to choose a good friend. I need to
remind you that in a good friendship, a person does not only take but also give. I
hope my tips will enlighten you in finding your own circle of good friends.
Anyway Sis...I think you would not face any problem in finding them. Youre such
a sweet person. I think you will have lots of friends.
Alright Mona, I have to end the letter now. I need to help Mum with dinner.
Im eager to hear the latest news from you. Do reply and say Hi to all your dorm
mates. Mum, Dad and the rest of our siblings send you their warmest hugs and
kisses. We really missed you a lot. Take care of yourself. Bye-bye.

_________________(F4),
_________________(F5)

37

Exercise 5
Read the informal letter and replace the underlined words and phrases using
your own words.
No. 57 Lim Khoon
Huat Road,
Georgetown, 10460
Penang.
1 April 2014
Dearest Mona,
Hello there, Im really glad that you are getting used to the hostel life. Well
done Sis! How are you doing? I hope that you still have your smile on since it
has been almost three weeks that we left you in Nilai.
Everyones fine here. Mum and Dad have just returned from a short trip to
Kota Bharu where our grandparents live. Grandpa is recovering from his illness
so dont worry. Sheena is studying hard for her coming exams and she has been
burning the midnight oil in order to follow your footsteps. I guess you are her
inspiration now. Shafiq will be starting work in Bank Putera next month. And Adi?
Well, hes as mischievous as ever. As for me, nothing much, still waiting for the
entrance to the university. Do wish me the best. Sis!
By the way, about your request on the tips to find a good friend, Ive actually
done some flashbacks of my school life and to grant your wish Ill tell you the
secret of finding a good friend even though sometimes it could be a little tricky.
First of all, a good friend should be someone who understands you well. For
instance, when you are moody or sad. A good friend would be able to identify
these emotions and give appropriate responses to those situations. A true friend
will cheer you up when you are down. Thus, you can always share your feelings
with someone that you trust. A trustworthy friend is as precious as a diamond.
Hence, your good friend must be good at keeping secrets.
Besides that, you need to find someone who is helpful as your friend. She
may help you in your studies especially in your weak subjects. In other words,
good friends are willing to help each other to excel in studies and to be a better
person. Moreover, a good friend also shares your victorious moments. For
example, when you score the highest in your class, she should be happy for you
and celebrate your successful achievement. Nevertheless, she also shares your
38

sorrows . She should lend a shoulder for you to cry on like the saying A friend
in need is a friend indeed. Good friends should help each other when one is
facing with difficulties.
Next, a good friend remembers the birth date of her friends. She must wish
you Happy Birthday on your birthday and vice versa. This is a sign of
closeness. However, its not necessary for her to buy you a gift for your birthday.
Its enough that she remembers your birthday. If she holds a birthday party for
you that will be a bonus! Furthermore, always find a friend that is dependable .
If you can count on your friend in good health or in sickness consider that youre
lucky. The most important quality in a good friend is to find someone who has
positive qualities like being sincere and responsible. Those are essential
qualities that can build a strong and long-lasting friendship.
In addition, your friendship could be better if your good friend shares the
same interests as you. This will enable the two of you to communicate more
effectively. Consequently, you can share your views and learn more by sharing
your ideas.
I think Ive explained in detail on how to choose a good friend. I need to
remind you that in a good friendship a person does not only take but also give. I
hope my tips will enlighten you in finding your own circle of good friends.
Anyway Sis...I think you would not face any problem in finding them. Youre such
a sweet person. I think you will have lots of friends.
Alright Mona, I have to end the letter now. I need to help Mum with dinner.
Im eager to hear the latest news from you. Do reply and say Hi to all your dorm
mates. Mum, Dad and the rest of our siblings send you their warmest hugs and
kisses. We really missed you a lot. Take care of yourself. Bye-bye.
Your
loving sister,
Sheila

THEME: HEALTH
A TALK
World Health Day is celebrated in your college every year. You are the president
of the Health Society in your college. You have noticed that students in your
college have unhealthy habits. You have discussed this problem with your
societys advisor and have decided to give a talk to the college students on
how students can improve their health.
Write your talk based on the notes below.
Reduce unhealthy food
- intake of food high in fat
- sugar and salt
- junk food

Lead a healthy lifestyle

39

do not smoke
drugs
manage stress

Exercise regularly
- body burns more calories
- 3 times a week
- various types of exercises

Practice a healthy diet

- (Give three relevant examples)

When writing your talk, you should remember to:

greet your audience
mention the purpose of talk
include all the notes given
give three relevant examples for Practice a healthy diet
end your talk appropriately
Task 1: Answer the following questions based on the rubric below.
World Health Day is celebrated in your college every year. You are the president
of the Health Society in your college. You have noticed that students in your
college have unhealthy habits. You have discussed this problem with your
societys advisor and have decided to give a talk to the college students on
how students can improve their health.
1. Who are you?
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Who is your audience? / Who are you speaking to?
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Who asked you to speak?
_______________________________________________________________________
4. What must you do?
_______________________________________________________________________
5. What is the purpose?
_______________________________________________________________________

Task 2: Based on the question on a talk, answer the following questions on the
format.
World Health Day is celebrated in your college every year. You are the president
of the Health Society in your college. You have noticed that students in your
college have unhealthy habits. You have discussed this problem with your
societys advisor and have decided to give a talk to the college students on
how students can improve their health.
1. Do you need to write a title?
A. Yes B. No
40

2. Choose the best greeting for this talk.

A. Good morning to the principal, teachers and members of the Health
Society.
B. Good morning to the members of the Health Society and friends
C. Good morning to the principal, advisor and members of the Health
Society.
D. Good morning to the Health Society teachers and members
3. The purpose of the talk is
A. for World Health Day
B. for the members of the Health Society
C. on how students health is improving
D. on how students can improve their health
4. Which statement could be used to end the talk?
A. I am honoured to be given this opportunity to give a talk. Thank you.
B. I am the President of the Health Society. Thank you.
C. I hope you will follow my suggestions to improve your health. Thank
you.
D. I would like share with you some of the ways how students can
improve their health. Thank you.

Task 3: Complete the talk below with suitable linkers. Select the linkers from
the list below.
For example

Other than that

In addition to

Secondly
Good morning Madam Jeslin, our principal, advisor and members of the
Health Society. I am honoured to be given the opportunity to give a talk on how
students can improve their health in conjunction with World Health Day. As the
President of the society, I would like share with you some of the ways how
students can improve their health.
(1)____________, students should avoid eating unhealthy food. You should
reduce consuming food high in fat. Many students like to each fast food such as
burgers, fries and fried chicken which contains a lot of fat. These types of food
are not good for your health. You should also cut down sugar and salt in the food
that you eat. Eating food with too much sugar can lead to illness such as
diabetes and too much salt in food can result in high blood pressure and kidney
problems. (2)_______________these types of unhealthy food, I know that many
41

students love to eat junk food. (3)______________, junk food like sweets, jelly
beans and chocolates contain a lot sugar. Please avoid junk food as it is bad for
health
(4)____________, we must lead a healthy lifestyle. Please do not smoke.
Smoking will cause a lot of health problems. You must also never use drugs.
Someone may ask you to try drugs just for fun or to reduce stress but once you
do you will be an addict forever. So, please stay away from drugs. You must
learn to manage stress. Students face stress in school and at home.
(5)_____________homework

and

assignments,

students

have

co-curricular

activities. Some parents also pressure their children to do well in their studies.
Listen to music, talk to friends or watch a movie if you feel stressed.
(6)___________, exercising regularly is very important for good health.
When you exercise your body will burn more calories. (7)__________________, you
should exercise at least three times a week. You can do various types of
exercises. For example, you can go jogging, hiking, swimming or aerobics.
(8)_____________, practice a healthy diet. You should drink eights glasses of
water. (9)_____________drinking enough water, you must eat more fruits and
vegetables. (10)_____________, to supplement your diet, you should take vitamins
for a healthy body.
I would like to end my talk by reminding you that improving your health is
very important for everyone including students. As the saying goes, health is
wealth. In order to be successful, good health is needed. Thank you for your
time. I hope you will follow my suggestions to improve your health. Thank you.
Task 4: Read the sample essay. Copy the sentences from the sample essay for
each point given in the box.
Good morning Madam Jeslin, our principal, advisor and members of the
Health Society. I am honoured to be given the opportunity to give a talk on how
students can improve their health in conjunction with World Health Day. As the
President of the society, I would like share with you some of the ways on how
students can improve their health.
Firstly, students should avoid eating unhealthy food. You should reduce
consuming food high in fat. Many students like to each fast food such as
42

burgers, fries and fried chicken which contains a lot of fat. These types of food
are not good for your health. You should also cut down sugar and salt in the food
that you eat. Eating too much food with sugar can lead to illness such as
diabetes and too much salt in food can result in high blood pressure and kidney
problems. In addition to these types of unhealthy food, I know that many
students love to eat junk food. For example, junk food like sweets, jelly beans
and chocolates contain a lot of sugar. Please avoid junk food as it is bad for
health.
Secondly, we must lead a healthy lifestyle. Please do not smoke. Smoking
will cause a lot of health problems. You must also never use drugs. Someone
may ask you to try drugs just for fun or to reduce stress but once you do, you
will be an addict forever. So, please stay away from drugs. You must learn to
manage stress. Students face stress in school and at home. Besides homework
and assignments, students have co-curricular activities. Some parents also
pressure their children to do well in their studies. Listen to music, talk to friends
or watch a movie if you feel stressed.
Thirdly, exercising regularly is very important for good health. When you
exercise, your body will burn more calories. Exercise will prevent obesity. Other
than that, you should exercise at least three times a week. You can do various
types of exercises.

For example, you can go jogging, hiking, swimming or

aerobics.
Finally, practice a healthy diet. You should drink eight glasses of water.
You will not feel tired easily if your body has enough water. Apart from drinking
enough water, you must eat more fruits and vegetables. You can eat both local
and imported fruits.

Please eat lots of leafy vegetables. Moreover, to

supplement your diet you can take vitamins for a healthy body.
I would like to end my talk by reminding you that improving your health is
very important for everyone including students. As the saying goes, health is
wealth. In order to be successful, good health is needed. Thank you for your
time. I hope you will follow my suggestions to improve your health. Thank you.

Point

Sentence
43

1. Reduce unhealthy food

-

intake of food high in fat

sugar and salt

junk food

2. Lead a healthy lifestyle

-

do not smoke

drugs

manage stress

3. Exercise regularly
-

body burns more calories

3 times a week

various types of exercises

Practice a healthy diet

(Give three relevant

examples)

44

Task 5: Based on the sample talk provide:

1. examples of food with high fat.
________________________________________________________________________
2. examples for junk food.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. the consequence of eating too much food that contains a lot of sugar.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. the consequence of eating food that is high in salt.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. the causes that lead to stress for students.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. suggestions on how to reduce stress.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. benefits of exercising.
_______________________________________________________________________

45