Professional Documents
Culture Documents
20074
z20005
z2003
Claus Ringel
z Claus
Claus
z 2006
Claus
Clifford
z
Clifford
On Miquels Theorem.
Hamilton
KleinClifford
zClifford
z1838Miquel
Clifford1871
Clifford
Clifford
z
zClifford
F. Morley1900
TransactionOn
the metric geometry of the plane n-line
Clifford
n=2
n=3
n=4
n=4
z
z
z
z
z Wallace
n=5
z
z
z
z Wallace
z
z Miquel
z
n=6
z
Miquel
z
n=7
z
z
z
z
z
z
2n2n-1
2n
2n 2n
Clifford
z
2n+1 2n
Clifford 2n+1
2n+1 2n+1
Clifford
z Clifford
n=7
z C,
x1t1
x=
t1 t
z 0
| x 0 |=| x x1 |
z
y1 = x1 , t1 =
y1
x1
z t
x 1t1
x =
t1 t
x1t1
z x = t1 t
x2t2
x = t2 t
.
x1t1
x2 t 2
a1 =
+
t1 t 2 t 2 t1
x1
x2
a2 =
+
t1 t 2 t 2 t1
. a1 ,a2 n=2
z (1 2 3)
(1 2 3), (2 3 1) , (3 1 2).
a1 , a 2 , a3 n=3
z a1
| a2 |
x = a1 a 2 t
z
z 4.1. n x1 , x2 , L , L , xn
n
n
n
a
,
a
,
L
,
L
,
a
1 2
n
ain =
x1t n i
(t1 t 2 )(t1 t 3 ) LL (t1 t n )
z (12- - -n)
1
z4.2.
n 1
i
= a a t
n
i
n
i +1 n
z
x1t1n i 1t n
x1t1n 1
(t t )LL(t t )(t t ) (t t )LL(t t )(t t )
1
2
1
n 1
1
n
1
2
1
n 1
1
n
x1t1n1i +1 (t1 t n )
x1t1n i +1
=
=
(t1 t 2 ) LL (t1 t n 1 )(t1 t n )
(t1 t 2 ) LL (t1 t n 1 )
z n
n
x1t1
a =
= 1,2,...., n
(t1 t2 ) L (t1 tn )
z a b sn = t1t2 L tn
y1t1 n
b =
1 1
1 1
( )L ( )
t1 t2
t1 tn
n2
n
x
t
t
t
1
= ( 1) n 1 t1t2 L tn 1 1 1
(t1 t2 ) L (t1 tn )
= ( 1)
n 1
t1t2 L tn an +1 = ( 1)
z 4.3. b = ( 1) n 1 s n a n +1
n 1
s a
n
n +1
z4.4. u1 , u 2 ,L ,L , u n n
u i u i
n 1
u i u n = u n i
z ui = v1v2 LLvi vi = 1,1 i n.
z u u = v1 L vi vi +1 L vn = v L v =u
i
v1 L vi
i +1
n i
n=4 n=5
z
z
x = a1 a2t
x = a1 a 2 s1
z
z s1
4.2,
x = (a1 a 2 t ) ( a 2 a 3 t ) s1
z 4.3, 0 = a 2 a3t
0 = a3 a2 t
tt = 1
z t t
x = a 1 a 2 s1
0 = a 2 a 3 s1
z a1 , a2 , a3 n= 4
z
x a1
a2
a2
=0
a3
z Clifford
a22
x = a1
a3
s1 ,
z n=5
i = 1,2,3,4,5.
z
Cliford
z 4.2n=5
n=4
x = (a1 a 2 t ) (a 2 a3t ) s1
0 = (a 2 a3t ) + (a3 a 4 t ) s1
z s1
s1 + t , s1t
z s1 s2
z
x = a1 a2 s1 + a3 s2
0 = a 2 a3 s1 + a 4 s 2
z 4.3 t
z t1 + t t t1t
t1 + t t1t t
Cramer x t
t
a1 x a2
a2
=t
a2
a3
a3
z Clifford
a3
a4
Clifford
z 6.1. 2p Clifford
a1 x a2 L a p
a2
M
ap
a3 L a p +1
=0
M
M
M
a p +1 L a2 p 1
z 2p+1 Clifford
a1 x a2 L a p
a2
a2
a3 L a p +1
a3
=t
M
M
M
M
M
ap
a p +1 L a2 p 1
a p +1
a3 L a p +1
a4 L a p + 2
M
M
M
a p + 2 L a2 p
z p=1 2x1
x = a1
z P=2 s1
2x2-1 Clifford
x = a1 a 2 s1
z 2x2 Clifford
x = a1 a 2 s1
0 = a 2 a3 s1
z p=3, s1 s2
2x3-1 Clifford
x = a1 a 2 s1 + a3 s 2
0 = a 2 a3 s1 + a 4 s 2
z 2p-1 Clifford
x = a a s + LL + (1) p 1 a s
1
2 1
p 1
0 = a 2 a3 s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a p +1 s p 1
LLLLLL
0 = a p 1 a p s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a 2 p 2 s p 1
z s1 , s 2 , LL , s p 1 p-1
p=2p=3
2p
z 4.2, 2p-1
2p
x = (a1 a2t ) (a2 a3t )s1 +LL+ (1) p1(ap ap+1t )sp1
0 = (a2 a3t ) (a3 a4t )s1 +LL+ (1) p1(ap+1 ap+2t )sp1
LLLLLL
0 = (ap1 apt ) (ap ap+1t )s1 +LL+ (1) p1(a2 p2 a2 p1t )sp1
z t p
x = a1 a 2 s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a p s p 1
0 = a 2 a3 s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a p +1 s p 1
LLLLLL
0 = a p 1 a p s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a 2 p 2 s p 1
0 = a p a p +1 s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a 2 p 1 s p 1
z 1+i p-i+1
2 p
z u1 , u 2 ,L,L, u p 2 1
t1 , t 2 , L , L , t p 2
z
si = u i + u i 1t
z 4.3,
0 = a2 p1 a2 p2 s1 +L+ (1) p2 ap+1s p2 + (1) p1ap s p1
= a2 p1 a2 p2 (u1 +t) +L(1) p2 ap+1(u p2 + u p3t) + (1) p1ap (u p2t)
z u p 2 4.4
1
)
z p
z t t = 1 t
s1 , s 2 , LL , s p 1
z 2p p
z 2p+1 4.2, 2p
2p+1
2p Clifford
p
x = (a1 a2t ) (a2 a3t )s1 + LL+ (1) p1 (a p a p+1t )s p1
0 = (a2 a3t ) (a3 a4t )s1 + LL+ (1) p1 (a p+1 a p+2t )s p1
LLLLLL
0 = (a p1 a pt ) (a p a p+1t )s1 + LL+ (1) p1 (a2 p2 a2 p1t )s p1
0 = (a p a p+1t ) (a p+1 a p+2t )s1 + LL+ (1) p1 (a2 p1 a2 p t )s p1
z p-1
s1 , s 2 , LL , s p 1
z t p
s1 , s 2 , LL , s p 1 , s p
z
x = a1 a 2 s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a p s p 1 + (1) p a p +1 s p
0 = a 2 a3 s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a p +1 s p 1 + (1) p a p + 2 s p
LLLLLL
0 = a p 1 a p s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a 2 p 2 s p 1 + (1) p a 2 p 1 s p
0 = a p a p +1 s1 + LL + (1) p 1 a 2 p 1 s p 1 + (1) p a 2 p s p
z 4.3 2p
i+1 p-i+1 t
z 2p+1 p s1 , s 2 , LL , s p 1
z Clifford
z a