Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sap BW Int 12
Sap BW Int 12
Application Specific
o BW Content FI, HR, CO, SAP CRM, LO Cockpit
5. What are Start routines, Transfer routines and Update
routines?
Start Routines: The start routine is run for each
DataPackage after the data has been written to the PSA and
before the transfer rules have been executed. It allows
complex computations for a key figure or a characteristic.
It has no return value. Its purpose is to execute
preliminary calculations and to store them in global
DataStructures. This structure or table can be accessed in
the other routines. The entire DataPackage in the transfer
structure format is used as a parameter for the routine.
Transfer / Update Routines: They are defined at the
InfoObject level. It is like the Start Routine. It is
independent of the DataSource. We can use this to define
Global Data and Global Checks.
6. What is the difference between start routine and update
routine, when, how and why are they called?
Start routine can be used to access InfoPackage while
update routines are used while updating the Data Targets.
7. What is the table that is used in start routines?
Always the table structure will be the structure of an
ODS or InfoCube. For example if it is an ODS then active
table structure will be the table.
8. Explain how you used Start routines in your project?
Start routines are used for mass processing of records.
In start routine all the records of DataPackage is
available for processing. So we can process all these
records together in start routine. In one of scenario, we
wanted to apply size % to the forecast data. For example if
material M1 is forecasted to say 100 in May. Then after
applying size %(Small 20%, Medium 40%, Large 20%, Extra
Large 20%), we wanted to have 4 records against one single
record that is coming in the info package. This is achieved
in start routine.
9. What are Return Tables?
When we want to return multiple records, instead of
single value, we use the return table in the Update
Routine. Example: If we have total telephone expense for a
Cost Center, using a return table we can get expense per
employee.
10. How do start routine and return table synchronize with
each other?
Return table is used to return the Value following the
execution of start routine
11. What is the difference between V1, V2 and V3 updates?
V1 Update: It is a Synchronous update. Here the
Statistics update is carried out at the same time as the
document update (in the application tables).
V2 Update: It is an Asynchronous update. Statistics
update and the Document update take place as different
tasks.
o V1 & V2 don t need scheduling.
Serialized V3 Update: The V3 collective update must be
scheduled as a job (via LBWE). Here, document data is
collected in the order it was created and transferred into
the BW as a batch job. The transfer sequence may not be the
same as the order in which the data was created in all
scenarios. V3 update only processes the update data that is
successfully processed with the V2 update.
12. What is compression?
It is a process used to delete the Request IDs and this
saves space.
13. What is Rollup?
This is used to load new DataPackages (requests) into the
InfoCube aggregates. If we have not performed a rollup then
the new InfoCube data will not be available while reporting
on the aggregate.
14. What is table partitioning and what are the benefits of
partitioning in an InfoCube?
It is the method of dividing a table which would enable a
quick reference. SAP uses fact file partitioning to improve
performance. We can partition only at 0CALMONTH or
0FISCPER. Table partitioning helps to run the report faster
as data is stored in the relevant partitions. Also table
maintenance becomes easier. Oracle, Informix, IBM DB2/390
supports table partitioning while SAP DB, Microsoft SQL
Server, IBM DB2/400 do not support table portioning.
15. How many extra partitions are created and why?
Two partitions are created for date before the begin date
and after the end date.
16. What are the options available in transfer rule?
InfoObject
Constant
Routine
Formula
17. How would you optimize the dimensions?
We should define as many dimensions as possible and we
have to take care that no single dimension crosses more
than 20% of the fact table size.
18. What are Conversion Routines for units and currencies
in the update rule?
Using this option we can write ABAP code for Units /
Currencies conversion. If we enable this flag then unit of
Key Figure appears in the ABAP code as an additional
parameter. For example, we can convert units in Pounds to
Kilos.
19. Can an InfoObject be an InfoProvider, how and why?
Yes, when we want to report on Characteristics or Master
Data. We have to right click on the InfoArea and
select Insert characteristic as data target . For example,
we can make 0CUSTOMER as an InfoProvider and report on it.
2. If the role exists in both dev and the target system but
the workbook has never been transported, and then you have
a choice of transporting the role (recommended) or just the
workbook. If only the workbook is transported, then an
additional step will have to be taken after import: Locate
the WorkbookID via Table RSRWBINDEXT (in Dev and verify the
same exists in the target system) and proceed to manually
add it to the role in the target system via Transaction
Code PFCG -- ALWAYS use control c/control v copy/paste for
manually adding!
3. If the role does not exist in the target system you
should transport both the role and workbook. Keep in mind
that a workbook is an object unto itself and has no
dependencies on other objects. Thus, you do not receive an
error message from the transport of 'just a workbook' -even though it may not be visible, it will exist (verified
via Table RSRWBINDEXT).
Overall, as a general rule, you should transport roles with
workbooks.
Q) SIGNIFICANCE of ODS?
It holds granular data (detailed level).
Q) WHERE THE PSA DATA IS STORED?
In PSA table.
Q) WHAT IS DATA SIZE?
The volume of data one data target holds (in no. of
records)
Q) Different types of INFOCUBES.
Basic, Virtual (remote, sap remote and multi)
Virtual Cube is used for example, if you consider railways
reservation all the information has to be updated online.
For designing the Virtual cube you have to write the
function module that is linking to table, Virtual cube it
is like a the structure, when ever the table is updated the
virtual cube will fetch the data from table and display
report Online... FYI.. you will get the information :
https://www.sdn.sap.com/sdn/index.sdn and search for
Designing Virtual Cube and you will get a good material
designing the Function Module
Q) INFOSET QUERY.
Can be made of ODS's and Characteristic InfoObjects with
masterdata.
Q) IF THERE ARE 2 DATASOURCES HOW MANY TRANSFER STRUCTURES
ARE THERE.
In R/3 or in BW? 2 in R/3 and 2 in BW
Q) ROUTINES?
Exist in the InfoObject, transfer routines, update routines
and start routine
Q) BRIEF SOME STRUCTURES USED IN BEX.
Rows and Columns, you can create structures.
Q) WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT VARIABLES USED IN BEX?
Different Variable's are Texts, Formulas, Hierarchies,
Hierarchy nodes & Characteristic values.
Variable Types are
Manual entry /default value
Replacement path
SAP exit
Customer exit
Authorization
Q) HOW MANY LEVELS YOU CAN GO IN REPORTING?
You can drill down to any level by using Navigational
attributes and jump targets.
Q) WHAT ARE INDEXES?
Indexes are data base indexes, which help in retrieving
data fastly.
Q) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2.1 AND 3.X VERSIONS.
Help! Refer documentation
Q) IS IT NESSESARY TO INITIALIZE EACH TIME THE DELTA UPDATE
IS USED?
No.
Q) WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KPI'S?
KPI's indicate the performance of a company. These are key
figures
Q) AFTER THE DATA EXTRACTION WHAT IS THE IMAGE POSITION.
After image (correct me if I am wrong)
Q) REPORTING AND RESTRICTIONS.
Help! Refer documentation.
Q) TOOLS USED FOR PERFORMANCE TUNING.
ST22, Number ranges, delete indexes before load. Etc
Q) PROCESS CHAINS: IF U has USED IT THEN HOW WILL U
SCHEDULING DATA DAILY.
There should be some tool to run the job daily (SM37 jobs)
Q) AUTHORIZATIONS.
Profile generator
Q) WEB REPORTING.
What are you expecting??
Q) CAN CHARECTERSTIC INFOOBJECT CAN BE INFOPROVIDER.
Of course
Q) PROCEDURES OF REPORTING ON MULTICUBES
Refer help. What are you expecting? MultiCube works on
Union condition
Q) Start routines?
A) Start routines u can write in both updates rules and
transfer rules, suppose you want to restrict (delete) some
records based on conditions before getting loaded into data
targets, then you can specify this in update rules-start
routine.
Ex: - Delete Data_Package ani ante it will delete a record
based on the condition
Q) X & Y Tables?
X-table = A table to link material SIDs with SIDs for timeindependent navigation attributes.
Y-table = A table to link material SIDs with SIDS for timedependent navigation attributes.
There are four types of sid tables
X time independent navigational attributes sid tables
the generated ABAP source code that may exceed the memory
limit.
Q) I intend to copy the source system, i.e. make a client
copy. What will happen with may delta? Should I initialize
again after that?
A) Before you copy a source client or source system, make
sure that your deltas have been fetched from the DeltaQueue
into BW and that no delta is pending. After the client
copy, an inconsistency might occur between BW delta tables
and the OLTP delta tables as described in Note 405943.
After the client copy, Table ROOSPRMSC will probably be
empty in the OLTP since this table is client-independent.
After the system copy, the table will contain the entries
with the old logical system name that are no longer useful
for further delta loading from the new logical system. The
delta must be initialized in any case since delta depends
on both the BW system and the source system. Even if no
dump 'MESSAGE_TYPE_X' occurs in BW when editing or creating
an InfoPackage, you should expect that the delta have to be
initialized after the copy.
Q) Is it allowed in Transaction SMQ1 to use the functions
for manual control of processes?
A) Use SMQ1 as an instrument for diagnosis and control
only. Make changes to BW queues only after informing the BW
Support or only if this is explicitly requested in a note
for component 'BC-BW' or 'BW-WHM-SAPI'.
Q) Despite of the delta request being started after
completion of the collective run (V3 update), it does not
contain all documents. Only another delta request loads the
missing documents into BW. What is the cause for
this "splitting"?
A) The collective run submits the open V2 documents for
processing to the task handler, which processes them in one
or several parallel update processes in an asynchronous
way. For this reason, plan a sufficiently large "safety
time window" between the end of the collective run in the
source system and the start of the delta request in BW. An
alternative solution where this problem does not occur is
described in Note 505700.
Q) Despite my deleting the delta init, LUWs are still
written into the DeltaQueue?
A) In general, delta initializations and deletions of delta
inits should always be carried out at a time when no
posting takes place. Otherwise, buffer problems may occur:
If a user started the internal mode at a time when the
delta initialization was still active, he/she posts data
into the queue even though the initialization had been
deleted in the meantime. This is the case in your system.
restricted
in the LUW
importance,
volume and
Q) Statistical Update?
A)
Q) What are Process Chains?
A) TCode is RSPC, is a sequence of processes scheduled in
the background & waiting to be triggered by a specific
event. Process chains nothing but grouping processes.
Process variant (start variant) is the place the process
chain knows where to start.
There should be min and max one start variant in each
process chain, here we specify when should the process
chain start by giving date and time or if you want to start
immediately
Some of theses processes trigger an event of their own that
in-turn triggers other processes.
Ex: - Start chain → Delete BCube indexes → Load data from
the source system to PSA →
Load data from PSA to DataTarget ODS → Load data from ODS
to BCube → Create Indexes for BCube after loading data →
Create database statistics → Roll-Up data into the
aggregate → Restart chain from beginning.
Q) What are Process Types & Process variant?
A) Process types are General services, Load Process &
subsequent processing, Data Target Administration,
Reporting agent & Other BW services.
Process variant (start variant) is the place the process
type knows when & where to start.
Q) Currency conversions?
A)
Q) Difference between Calculated KeyFigure & Formula?
A)