METHODS O F SAMPLING A N D TESTING

56

METHODS OF SAMPLING A N D TESTING

~i Standard Method of

5 3 The maxlmurn load m pounds force (W) shall bc reported as the breaklng strength

Sampling Bituminous Materials

AASHTO DESIGNATION. T40-78(1982)

mandrel
61

Grasp~ngthe loose end of the w m ~n

I,

SCOPE

or sol~db~rumrnousmatmals at
1.1 Thrs method appl~esro the samplrng of lrqurd. sern~.sol~d,
the pornt of manufacture. supply terrnrnal. or at the pomt of sh~pmentdellvery
12 Samples may be taken from tanks. stockpila. vehtclcs. or contamen u d for the storage or
shlpprng of brtum~nousmatenals
2.

PURPOSE

2J Sampltng 1s as rrnportunt as tedrng. and every prccautron shall b taken to obca~nsample

that w11Ishow the true nature and conditron of the matenals
2 3 Ssmplamay be t a k a by methods to bedacnbed heremafter forather of the following two
P"'POxr

To represent as nearly as pcss~blean average of the bulk of the mrtmal sampled or

To asccrtatn the maxtmum vanatron In charactenstrcs wh~chthe matmal possesses

23.1
2.2.2

3. S U E OF SAMPLES
Tlre sample srze of I~quidmaterials shall be as follows

3.1

3.1.l For rounne l a b t o r y exammanon not less than 1 qt (1 Itter) (ernuls~ons.1 gal or 4
fmrs)
3.1.2 From bulk storage, 1 q t (1 h e r ) for each samphng valve.
3.13 From barrek or drums. 1 qt ( I I~ter)
33 Tbe sample sue of sern~sohdor mhd matenals shall be as foIIows
33.1 From barrels. drums. or cakes. 2 to 3 Ib ( l kg).
333

From crushed or pawdercd matennl In bulk or bags. 2 to 3 Ibs (1 kg)

Types o f C o n t r ~ n c n
Contatncrs for lrquld brtumtnous matenal s m p h . except emulsrons. shall be double
4.1.1
fnct~on-topcans,square cans wtth screw tops, orsmall mouth cans w ~ t hscrew caps.
4.13 Contatncn for anlontc emulsrficd asphalt s m p i a shall be wtdcmouth jars or bottles
made of glass or plrstv.
4.1 3 Contarnen lor cat~ontcemuis~fikdasphalt sarnplm shall be w~demouthIan or bottles made
dplasttc or a~dcmouthcans wrth sncr* caps.
4.1

NCm I

46

43.1

Widomauth lus a b a t e s m& af glur my bc parmitad it pmtauu p n c u x h o dmm t k m lo be StUfnRoty

SIXC of Contamers
The sltc of the contmncr shall correspond to the rcqu~redamount of sample

5.l Sample contamen s h d l be new They shall not be washed or mrrd, or mptd wath o ~ l pcloth
If they contatn ev~dtnceofsolder flux. or rf they arc not clean and dry, they shdl not be used. Top and
rontatner shall fit togaher tightly.

5 2 Careshall be taken to prevent the sample from becomrng contammated lmmed~atelyafter

ttlllng, the contatners shall be tightly and posttrvely sealed
5 3 The f~lledsamp!e contarncr shall not be submerged In solvent, nor shall it be wtptd wrth a
solvent saturated cloth If cleanrng IS necessary use a clean dry cloth
5.4 Samples of emuls~onshatl be protected from freertng by correct packaging
5.5 Transferring samples from one contalner to another shall be avorded ~f posstble, as
charactensttcs of materrais could be altered dunng transfer. and there n a poss~b~lrty
of contamination
5.6 lmmedlately after fill~ng.sealrng and cleanrng (paragraph 5 3,the samplrng contatnen
shall be properly marked for ~dentrficatronwtth a surtable marktng pencrl on the contatner rtself, not
on the Itd. h e n tags also may be used for identficatlon tf they can be securely fastened to the
containers In such a manner as to Insure that they wtll not be lost in transtt Linen tags shall nM be
attached tocontalnen by uang the lids to secure them
6

SAMPLING AT PLACE OF MANUFACTURE

6.1

6.1.1

Samphng L~qutdMatenalsor Materials Made L~qurdby Hcat~ng

From Bulk Storage Tanks Not Equ~ppcdwith Mechantcal Agttators

NOTS2 -During samplm~by any of the rnethodr descnbcd 111 fill~ngrnleu and dwharge outlets of the a n k shakt bc dacd
Samples shall beobtatned by one of the thmfollowmg methods
6.1.1.l
Tank Top Method-Usmg valves or taps at top, middle, and lower lacatrons of the tank
draw a I qt to I gal (I lo 4 I~terslsample from each after cleanng by drawtng and dtscatdtng a
minimum of 1 gal (4 Itten) of thcmaterral
6.1.1.2 Thtef Sampler Method (nor surrnbh for asphalt cemrnrs) - Samples shall be taken at
top. middle. and lower levels of the tank by lowenng a T h ~ e bampler
t
Into the matenal. A satrsfactory
type wlth Instructtons for use a shown tn Ftg. 1

F w I-Thd
Norr-Thn

t m ramder

Sampler

Ir l e w d lnro the rank w t h #he b l r o m valve oven l t h m s no loo clmuret Whtn ihc dalrcd drprh rr

N a t t 3 -The I h e f Sampler deo-tbcd In f i g 1 may be uwd tor reptnuue m p h n g b e u u l c s ~ g n ~ d svmplc

n ~ eclnamlnatlonby
pmnmr mnrmtr tr avoldd by the xlf.clcmn8 artron provided by the puwge of matcnal through the tube whtth m open at bolh ends
The pnctrc of t r s q and l w c n l y the -pkr
3 or 4 t l m a thrcqh a dtsrrnce of swual feet of the sampl~ngdepth 15 rcamrnendd

6.1.1 3 Throw-away Concaner Method -Samples shall be taken at top, rnrddle. and lower
levels of the tank by lowenng a surtable we~ghtcdholding device Into the material. A sat~sfactorytype
with ~nstructtonsfor use IS shown In f i g 2 The essenbal feature of the method IS to use a clean
contalner each tlme a sample IS taken from the tank, pourmg the sample tnto another clean contamer
and ihrowrng away the contarner used in samplsng
6.1.1.4 The three samples from bulk storage tanks may be tested separately for consrstency to
detect strattficatton. or they may be combtncd. thoroughly mtxed and a I qt to I gal (1 to 4 Irtersl
sample taken for other tests as may be requrrd for determmng average charactertstrcs of the matenal
6.1.2 From Bulk Storage Tanks Equrppcd wath Mechantmi Agrrntom -When the tank ts
equ~ppcdwrth operatmg mechantcal agrtators w h ~ h . by observation through the sampltng or
observat~onhatch, are performtng adequate mrxrng of the tank contents, a single sample taken by
methdsdcscrrbed !n 6 1 1 1.6 1 1 2. or 4 1 1 3 wrll be sattstactory to use tor test purposa

7. SAMPLING FROM TANK CARS, TANK TRUCKS, DISTRIBUTOR TRUCKS OR

RECIRCULATING STORAGE TAMES

7.1 Each delwery vehrcle or dtstrtbutor shall be q u ~ p p e dwrth a samplrng valve srrn~lorIn destgn to thoseshown tn fig 3 It shall be tnstalled at least one h o t (0 3 m) from the shell and shall be
clearly labeled as a "Sampltng Valve" Before the sample is taken from the sample valve a mjntmum
of I gal (4 Ilters) shall be drawn from the sample valve and dtscarded.
73 When pcrm~tted by the purchaser. the followrng methods may be used to obtatn
npmmtattve samples
73.1 Samples of Ilqutd rnsterrals and matenals made ltqurd by heattng may be taken by the dtp
method usrng a clean small-mouth or ffrtctton-ton can rn a sultable hotder as shown m Frg 4 A clean
contamer must be used to take each sumpie. and the mntenal sampled shall then be transferred to
another new and ckan container for rctentlon or sample testrng
713 A detachable fittrng, s r m h r tn d c s ~ g nto the oneshown In Fig 5 shall b e tnscrterl tn the
drscharge hne Before the sample IS taken 1 gal (4 Irterd shall be drawn from thrs samplrng valve and
d~scardcd

8. SAMPLING FROM TANKERS AND BARGES

8.1 For Iiqud marcrrals tncludrng all cutbacks made lrquid by hcatrng, top rnrddle and lower
samples shall be taken usrng the methods as dcscnbcd tn 6 1 2
8.2 For at1 other matenals made ltqu~dby heatrng, a top sample only shalt be takcn by the dlp.
thtef, or throw-away contarncr method

SAMPLING FROM PIPE LINES DURING LOADING OR UNLOADING

9.1 When tankers and barges are bang toaded or unloaded samples may conveniently be taken
from the ptpe Itne through whtch the materral 1s flowrng by msertron of a sampltng devrce (Fig 5)Into a
rrstng section of the ptpe lrne on the discharge srde of the pump o r In a completely filled Irne m whlch
gravlty creates the matenals flow The samplrng devrce should be turned to face the flow of the Itquid
This devtce shall be provtdKi wtth a vaive or plug cock and shall dmcharge tnto a sample rccerver At
least three 1 gal (4 Irter) samples shall be taken at untform rntervals throughout the enttrc IoPdtng ar
unloadtng At the completion of the loadtng or unloading, the rndrvrdual1 gal (4 lrted sampln shall be
mmbrned. thoroughly mtxed wtthout altenng rts charactenstrcs. and a 1 gal (4 Irter) sample taken
therefrom
9 1 When sampl~ngtankers and barges 25,000 bbi ,or less, capoetty, at least five 1 gal (4 ltterl
samples shall be taken at untform intervals throughout the enrrre loading or unloading (25.000 bbl or
larger. capacity q u l m at least ten 1 gai (4 ltterl samples) At completton of the loadrng or untoadrng
the ~ndtvtdual1 gal (4 Itter) samples shall be combtned, thoroughty m~xcdIn a manner dcsrgmd to not
alter tts characterrst~cs,and a 1 gal (4 Ilter) sample taken therefrom

Pulled hole to
-

Valve Inlet P i p e to
be not less than l2Ii-/,
from any tankstifface./

METHODS OF SAMPLING A N D TESTING

FIG. 4.-Dip

10.

T40

Sampler.

SAMPtMG FROM DRUMS OR BARRELS

10.l After thorough mlxlng, samples of Ilquld blturnlnous materral from barrels or drums shall
bc secured by Tube or Thref Samplmg by taking 1 qt (1 hter) of matenaI from packages selcctcd at
random accord~ngto Sampllng Sem~soltdor Uncrushcd Solrd Materrais

1 1.

SAMPLING SEMISOLID OR WNCRUSHED SOLJD MATERIALS

11.1 Drums. Barn&, Cartom. and Bags-Where the lot of matmal to be sampled IS obv~ously
horn a single run or batch of the producer, oncpackagc shall be selected at random and sampled as
described below Where the lot of matenal to be sampled a not obvrouzly from a srngle run or batch of
the praducer, or where the s~nglesample selected as described above fads on test to conform to the
rcqulrements of the spec~flcat~ons,
a number of packages shall be selected at random q u ~ v a l e nto
t the
cube root of the total number of packaga m the lot The followmg table a gtven showmg the number
of samples to be selected for sh~pmentsof vanous srzes

Samples shall be taken from at least 3 In (76 mm) below the surface and at feast 3 In (76 mm) from the
s ~ d cof the contamer A clean hatchet may be used d the mater~als hard enough to shatter and a
broad. s t ~ f putty
f
kn~fed the matenal IS soft When more than one package tn a tot IS sampled each

METHODS OF. SAMPLING A N D TESTING

METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING

----

r40

Standard Method of Testfir

rndivtdual sample shall be not less than 1/4 Ib (1 15 gl In we~ght.When the lot of mater~alrs obviously
from a s~nglerun or batch of the ptoducer, d samples from the lot shall be melted and thoroughly
rn~xed,and an avmgc I gal (4 ltter)sampte taken from the combined matenal tor examma@;onIn case
more than a s~nglerun or batch of the pmdum IS present and the batches can be clearly differentiated.
a composite 1 gal (4 liter) sample shdl be prop& for examination from each batch. Where it IS not
porstble to d~ffcmnt~ate
between the various batches. each sampk shall be examined separately
12.

...-

4
Preformed Exp.nsion Jaht PWer for Concrete

SAMPLING CRUSHED OR POWDERED MATERIALS

12.1 Buik Storage.-Soid brtuminws materials in crushed tragments or powder shall be

sampled in itccordanccwith the ASTM D 346. Szmphng Coke for Andysa. The gross sample shail be
not less than SO Ib (25 kg). from wh~chshall beselected the 2 to 3 lb (1 kg) sample for test.
122 Dmms. Bamk. Bugs,Cartons -Where the crushed or powdered mat& a In barrels.
drums, or bra, a number of packages shall be selected at'nndom m dcrcnbed In I1 1. Samptlng
Semisolid or Uncrushcd Solid Materials. A sample at least 1 1/2 Ib (0.7 kg) In we~ghtshall be selelectcd
fmm near the center of each contatner to pefd a gross sample weighrag not less than SO Ib (25 kg)
from wh~chthe 2 to 3 Ib(approx 1 kg) sample for test shalt be sctccted as prescfibed In the ASTM D

These methoda cover the foliowmg t a t s

346

133 Sampling of brtumrntlus matmais shall be done as soon as pract~cebleafter the

b~turn~nous
matend has mvcd at plant s~te,storage site, or job datrnation or at the time of
unlord1nu
133 The rrquued number of sampla shall be taken from each delivery of b~tummousm a t e d .
In the case of s d delivery umts wch as dlsmbutom, the samples s h d be taken to repracnt s maximum of 10,000 pal (37,800 I i t d .
133 S u n p h g shall be done k one of the t h m follmng methods
133t In pceordum wttn Sstlon 6. Sampling at P t u r ~of Manufacture.
1333 By bleeding thraugh a sample d v a or tap m the tmasfkr line during the unloadrng of the
appmxlmatc middle-third of the had. or
1333 By meam of a samplingdevice ~ ~ w r t to
c da Itvel of approximately the mrddfe-third of the
I d or tank. a'1g. 3)
134 Tests for matcnd acceptability shall be made on one of the sampIm taken. The other
m p l a on to be rcmned for confirmatcon in the event the ffrst smpfe tested should fuI to comply
anth rqu1maents

abswptron computed

3.

Bxmnmws

145 BCCSIUC of t k rmmmus t y p rad grsdas of bituminous matrmlatrmlatlyt

M dtt$mtely
sh~ppsdand stored In the same or a h i l u contaurers, the opportunit)' foF c o n t u n k p h g therecontaina !nth residues. prccip~tahr,clern~ngsolvents. is ever present. Numerous o p p p d t f c r aim enot for
obtun~ngsamples wh~charc nat strictly representative of the matand or ua contuniaatal aftcr
mmwal. Thmfore d la incumbent upon the producer, transporter, user, ud sampler, to excruse
continuous precaution tn the sampllng and handl~ngof these maten&.

a,
5.1 In the case of cork, sponge rubber and cork rubber. explmKn jomt flll only fbw
m e n for a shall be cut fro. each -do. Each test spsccmen h.U be Imhly
cut

u d L i v
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