www.guezouri.

org - 2013

uC + RC

duC
=E
dt

uC + R

13

d CuC
=E
dt

uC + R

dq
=E
dt

uC + u R = E
uC +

(1)

[ ] = [ R ] [C ] =
E Ee

duC E
= e
uC = E E e (

dt
. (1) E = E
t

du
dq
E
E
i (t ) =
=C C =C e = e
dt
dt
R1

u AB

= 100 s

t1

. (

u AB
i

-1

duC
=E
dt

[U ] [Q ] = [U ] [ I ] [T ] = T
[ ]
[ I ] [U ] [ I ] [U ]

E
+
e = E : (1)

= ln E ln ( E u1 )

ln ( E u1 ) = ln E

t1

E u1 = E e

-2

E
= R1i = R1 e = E e (
R1

u AB = E = 15V t = 0
t1

u1 = E E e

t1

-3

E
15
t1 = ln
= 100 ln
110 s = 1mn 50s

E
u
15 10
1

. t1 < 3mn (
. ( ) R (
14
-

CH 3COO + H 2O = CH 3COOH + OH
CH 3COO + H 2O

= CH 3COOH + OH

C1V

C1V x
C1V x f

//

//

xf

xf

C1V xm

//

xm

xm
K=

1 =

1014 108,4
102

1 =

OH V OH
pH
=
= K e 10
=
xm
C1V
C1
C1
xf

-1

-2

-3

[CH 3COOH ] OH
CH 3COO

= 2,5 104 : 1

OH

=
=
C1 OH

OH
2

= 1C1 = 1 C1
C1
1
1 11
1
1
OH

m 0, 410
C1 = M = 82 = 102 mol / L
V
0,5

( 2,5 10 )
K=
4

GUEZOURI Aek , Lyce Maraval Oran

Site : www.guezouri.org
, e-mail : guezouria@gmail.com
Tl : 07 73 34 31 76

102

1 2,5 10

: C1

6,3 1010

2 =

xq =

1014 108
103

(83, 254 81,9 ) 10

C1 102
=
= 103 mol / L ( S1 ) - 4
10
10
. 2 > 1

= 103

C2 =

-
3

13,7

= 9,88 105 mol q = 81,94 + 13,7 xq

(1)

( x f )

xq ( - 1

[CH 3COOH ] HCOO

K=
CH 3COO [ HCOOH ]

CH 3COO + HCOOH = CH 3COOH + HCOO

0
0
CV1
CV2
x
x
CV1 x
CV2 x
CV1 xq
CV2 xq
xq
xq

CV1 xm

CV2 xm

xm

( xq )
K=
( CV1 xq )( CV2 xq )
2

(2)

CV1 = 102 90 103 = 9 104 mol

CV2 = 102 10 103 = 104 mol

xm

(9,88 10 )
9,88 10 )(10
5

K=

9 104

H 3O + K =

: (2)
2

9,88 105

10

K A1
( 1) (
K A2

K A1 = 10 K A2 = 1,6 104
. pH = pK A2 + Log

CH 3COO
HCOO

pH = pK + Log
: pH - 2
A1
[CH 3COOH ]
[ HCOOH ]

n HCOO = xq = 9,88 105 mol :

n ( HCOOH ) = 104 xq = 104 9,88 105 = 0,12 105 mol

pH = 3,8 + Log

9,88 105
V1 + V2
0,12 10
V1 + V2

= 5,7

pK A1 = LogK A1 = Log1,6 104 3,8

: ( )

pK A2 = Log1,6 105 4,8

[CH 3COOH ] = CH 3COO

[ HCOOH ] = HCOO

pH = 4,8
pH = 3,8

HCOO
HCOOH

CH 3COOH

3,8
4,8

pH

5,7

CH 3COO

CH 3COO HCOO pH = 5,7

 15
1 . 2
. 1

- 2 Al / Al 3+ / NH +4 , Cl / Cu 2+ / Cu :
- 3 :

t = C0V 3x

Cu 2 +

2 Al 3+
C0 V

3Cu
nCu

2 Al
n Al

Cu 2+ = C0V 3 x = C0 3 x

V
V
n Al 2 x
nCu + 3 x
C0 V + 2 x
Q = It = zFx = 6 Fx :
n Al 2 x f
nCu + 3x f
C0 V + 2 x f
It
=x
6F
n Al 2 xm nCu + 3xm
C0 V + 2 xm
I
. Cu 2+ = C0
) (1 t

2 FV
50 103
I
a = I = 2 FV 2 105
a =
- 4 = 2 105
2500
2 FV
I = 96500 2 2 105 0,05 = 0,19 A
)(1

3Cu 2+
C0 V

C0V 3 x
C0V 3x f
C0V 3xm

Cu 2+ = C0 t = 0 C0 = 5 102 mol / L

m
= n Al = 2 xm
5 :
)(2
M Al
I tf
Q
Qm = z F xm
= xm = m
zF z F
2M Al I t f 54 0,19 2500
= m
=
)= 0,044 g = 44 mg : (2
6F
6 96500
16
-1

(
(

0
3
1 e + 2 He
N = N 0 e t

3
1H

ln N = t + ln N 0

) (

50 48,75
) ln N = a t + b ( = 0,057
22
ln 2 0,69
=
=
= 0,057 = 0,057an 1 = 12,1 ans
0,057

a = :

t1/ 2

El
( ) (1 ) ( )
-2
A
( 1m3 m ' = 1000 m = 33 g 2 H
'm
33
. N = NA
= 6,02 1023 = 9,93 1024
2
M
( .

Elib = mi m f 931,5 = ( 3,01550 + 2,01355 4,0015 1,0866 ) 931,5 = 17,1MeV

' m . Elib = 17,1 9,93 1024 = 1,7 1026 MeV

GUEZOURI Aek , Lyce Maraval Oran

Site : www.guezouri.org
, e-mail : guezouria@gmail.com
Tl : 07 73 34 31 76

 17
1 :

G G
G
P + f = ma

dv

dt

k
1
= 2
mg

mg k v 2 = m

mg
k

dv
k 2
v
= g 1
dt
mg

)(1

mg
dv

- 2 )( = 0
k
dt
-3
. = vl = 5 m / s
mg 100 9,8
=k= 2
= 39, 2 kg .m 1
25

2
2
] M ][ L ][T
] M ][ L ][T
[
[
1
=
] = [ M ][ L
= ] [k
2
2
1 2
] ([ L][T ] ) [ L] [T

= v .

G
P

k 2
vn = t 9,8 0,392 vn 2 = 9,8 t 0,392t vn 2
mg

9,8 t = 1,96 t = 0, 2 s

H 3O +
A
1
=

=
=
-2

xm
C
][ HA] + A 1 + [ HA
A

HA
] [
pK A pH = Log
A

1
1
=
=
pK
[ HA] 1 + 10 A pH
1+
A

xf

- 3 = 0, 2 :
102,9
= 6,3 103 mol / L
0, 2

10 pH

=g

) v ( t + t ) v ( t

vn +1 vn = t g :

18
-1
.

.

L ) . kg .m M(

k
v
k 2
2
) v ( t
=g
- 4 )v : (1
mg
t
mg

G
f

H 3O +
)(1

x
xf

x
xf

//
//

xm

xm

//

[ HA] = 10 pK A pH
A

1
1 + 103,5 2,9

H 2O

HA
CV
CV x
CV x f
CV xm

) (1 :

= ): (1

=C

n = CV = 6,3 103 0, 443 = 2,8 103 mol

180 = 502, 4 10 g = 502, 4 mg

. m = n M = 2,8 10

A
- 4 pH < pK A HA pH = pK A + Log
][ HA

GUEZOURI Aek , Lyce Maraval Oran

Site : www.guezouri.org
, e-mail : guezouria@gmail.com
Tl : 07 73 34 31 76

 19
- 1( .
(
- 2(
.

)CH 3 CH 2 OH : (B

)CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOCH : (A

m 23, 2
=
( = 0, 2 mol :
M 116
n A = n0 x f = 0,3 0, 2 = 0,1 mol

H 2O

= nE = x f

nB = n0 x f = 0,3 0, 2 = 0,1 mol

- :

2
) E ][ H 2O ] nE nH 2O ( 0, 2
[
=
=
=4
=K
n A nB
] [ A][ B
( 0,1)2

0, 2
100 = 67 % :0,3
x 'f
= r ' = 80
100 - 3
xm

= 100

xf
xm

n0

n0

xf

xf

n0 x
n0 x f

n0 x
n0 x f

xm

xm

n0 xm

n0 xm

=r

. x 'f = 0,8 xm = 0,8 0,3 = 0, 24 mol

2
) x 'f
(
) 0, 24
(
=k =4
=
)( 0,3 x 'f )( n x 'f ) ( 0,3 0, 24)( n 0, 24
2

. n = 0, 48 mol

20
1
.11
: .
. 2 1 :
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH + CH 3 COOH = CH 3COO C3 H 7 + H 2O
1
1
0
0
2

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH + CH 3 COOH = CH 3COO C3 H 7 + H 2O

x
xf

x
xf

1 x
1 x f

1 x
1 x f

xm

xm

1 xm

1 xm

. 1 2 + H 2O :

,Na +

(CH COO
3

, OH

( Na

CH 3COOH +

. 2 2 ) ( OH :

= CBVBE = 1 0,0284 = 2,84 102 mol

n 'A = n

OH

100
V = 5 mL 100 mL = 0,568 mol
5
. 3 2 nE = x : 1 x = 0,568
x = nE = 1 0,568 = 0, 432 mol
) - 3 : t = 0 ( .
1 dx
dx 5 0,134
.13

=
= vvol t = 0 = 0,67
dt
1
V dt
1
= vvol
0,67 5 mol.L1h 1
0,1327
nA = 2,84 102

. 2 3 .

xf

= x . t1/ 2 0,7 h

t1/ 2 . 3 3
2
xf
=r
. 4 3 100 = 67% :
xm

GUEZOURI Aek , Lyce Maraval Oran

Site : www.guezouri.org
, e-mail : guezouria@gmail.com
Tl : 07 73 34 31 76

) (xf
= ] [CH 3 COO C3 H 7 ][ H 2O
( 0,67 )2 = 4,1
=
=K
[CH 3 COOH ][C3 H 7 OH ] (1 xf )(1 xf ) ( 0,33)2
2

. 5 3 :
4

) ( 0,67
1
)( 0,33)(1,33
2

. 1 4 :

= Qri Qri < K

) ( .
.24

( 0,67 + x ')2
)' ( 0,33 x ')(1,33 x

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH + CH 3 COOH = CH 3COO C3 H 7 + H 2O
0,33
1,33
0,67
0,67
' 0,33 x
' 1,33 x
' 0,67 + x
' 0,67 + x

=K =4

x ' = 0,175 mol xq = 0,67 + 0,175 = 0,845 mol

0,845
. 3 4 100 = 84,5 % :
1

= 100

xq

='. r

xm

21

ClO + 2 H + 2e = Cl + H 2O

-1

2 I = I 2 + 2e
------------------------------------------

ClO + 2 I + 2 H + = Cl + I 2 + H 2O

)(1

- 2 I 2 + 2 S2O32 = 2 I + S 4O6 2 :

1
0,1 10,8 103 = 5, 4 104 mol
2

1
1
n S2O32 = C 'VE
2
2

= ) n ( I2

= ) n ( I2

- 3 )n ClO = n ( I 2 ) = 5, 4 104 mol : (1

5, 4 104
- 4 ClO = 5, 4 102 mol / L :
0,01
F = 10

=C

. C0 = 10 C = 10 5, 4 102 = 0,54 mol / L

- 5 1L 0,54 mol

Cl2 + 2OH = ClO + Cl + H 2O :

. ClO

n ( Cl2 ) = n ClO = 0,54 mol

VCl2 = 0,54 22, 4 = 12,1 L

12,1 L
. 12
22
1
.11

R COOH + H 2O = R COO + H 3O +
+

.21

HClO4 + H 2O = ClO4 + H 3O

( )

R COOH + Na + , OH = RCOO , Na + + H 2O

( )

( )

, ClO4 + Na + , OH ClO4 , Na + + 2 H 2O

(H O
3

. 3 1 E A (10mL ; 7 ) : ) . EB (16mL ; 8,5

pH E = 7 ) (A . HClO4
pH E > 7 ) (B . R COOH

CB VBE 0,1 16
=
. 4 1 ) = 0,16 mol / L : ( S1
10
VA
C V
0,1 10
) = 0,1 mol / L : ( S2
= C A2 = B BE
10
VA
. 5 1 : pK A = pH = 4, 2
: pH R COOH . pH = 2,5
= C A1

R COO

pK A = pH Log
] [ R COOH

)(1

R COOH + H 2O = R COO + H 3O +

R COOH :
:

H 3O + = 102,5 = 3,16 103 mol / L = R COO

[ R COOH ] = C A1 R COO = 0,16 3,16 103 = 0,157 mol / L

3,16 103
pK A = 2,5 Log
)= 4, 2 : (1
0,157
2
3

: 9,3 10 mol :
. 1 - 2 :
nE = x f
+ H O
2

R COOH + C2 H 5OH = R COO C2 H 5

8, 2 103 x f = 2, 4 103

x f = ( 8, 2 2, 4 ) 103 = 5,8 103 mol = nE

. 2 2 :

100 = 70,7 %

5,8 103
8, 2 103

= 100

xf
xm

=r

9,3 10

8, 2 10

9,3 103 x

8, 2 103 x

xf

xf

9,3 103 x f

8, 2 103 x f

xm

xm

9,3 103 xm

8, 2 103 xm

23
-1
. 1 - 1 1 Z C = 6 . 146 C 01 e + ZAY
. 14
A = 14 : Z = 7 1 7 N
12
11
. 11
. 2 1 5 B 5 B 6 C

:
-2

11
5B

0
+1 e

11
6C

. 1 2 146C ) 8 6 + ( . 146C

El = Z m p + ( A Z ) mn m X c 2 = Z m p + ( A Z ) mn c 2 m X c 2
: Z m p + ( A Z ) mn m X c 2 E3 = 13142, 2 MeV
: m X c 2 E2 = 13040,95MeV
El = E3 E2 = 105, 2 MeV :
.22

= E2 E1 = 13040,95 13040,79 = 0,16 MeV

) c

A
0
Z Y + 1 e

El 105, 2
=
= 7,51MeV / nuclon
A
14

( C) c
14

c2 = m

A
0
Z Y + 1 e

(( C) m
14

= m

Elib

51, 2
m = 0, 295
. 1 3 12C = 0,151 g
100
0,151
N 12C = 6,02 1023
12C = 7,5 1021 :
12

) (
7

GUEZOURI Aek , Lyce Maraval Oran

Site : www.guezouri.org
, e-mail : guezouria@gmail.com
Tl : 07 73 34 31 76

( C ) = 1, 2 10
)N ( C
14

14

12

12

0,69
9 109 = 2,06 mn 1 :
5730 365 24 60
1, 4
A
ln
= t
. 2 3 = e t :
2,06
A0

)( C
14

= 9 10

12

21

= 7,5 10 1, 2 10

)( C
14

. N

A0 = N

0,386 5730
3200 ans
0,69

=t

24
-1
. 1 1
. t 1 = 7 50 = 350 ms v1 = 6 0,5 = 3 m / s

G
R

G G
G
. 2 1 P + R = ma :

v
mg R = ma : R = m ( g a ) = sV g 1
t1

.31

2
R = 2,7 103 4, 2 106 9,8
= 1, 4 10 N
0,35

G
P

. 1 2 :

G G G
G
P + + f = ma P f = ma :

dv
dt

mg f Vg kv = m

f k
dv
= g 1
v
dt
s m

)(2

)v(m / s

.22
:
) (

f
1, 26
2
g 1
= 9,8 1
= 5, 2 m / s
2,7

dv
v = 0, 2 m / s
= 0
dt

): (2

k 5, 2
k
=
0 = 5, 2 0, 2 = 26 s1
m
m 0, 2
dv
= 5, 2 26 v :
dt

0,5
0,2

) t ( ms

k
. 3 2 v
m

350
k

] v = [ L ] [T
m

100

2
] L ] [T ] [ M
[
1
] = [ M ] [T
= ] [k
1
] [ L ] [T

. kg / s
.42

v
= 5, 2 26 v
t

= 5, 2 26 v

) v (t + t) v (t
t

) vi +1 vi = t ( 5, 2 26 vi

vi +1 = vi (1 26 t ) + 5, 2 t

vi +1 = 2,38 1 26 5 103 + 5, 2 5 103 2,1 m / s

GUEZOURI Aek , Lyce Maraval Oran
Site : www.guezouri.org
, e-mail : guezouria@gmail.com
Tl : 07 73 34 31 76