Crrrrer -3. erat Desian Q-What do you understand by apartheid? Apartheid is the official policy of racial separation and ill treatment of blacks followed by the government of South Africa between 1948 and 1 989. Q. How did the white Europeans impose the apartheid system on South Aftica ? The white Europeans impose system on south Aftica- (@)A large number of 'whites' had setfled in south Africa and became the local rulers, (b)This system divided the people and labeled them on the basis of their skin colour. (chfhe native people of Africa are in black colour and were called blacks, Besides these two groups there were people of mixed races who were called coloured, (@ifhe white rulers treated all non whites as inferiors and they did not have voting rights, (e}fbe apartheid system was particularly oppressive for the blacks. They were forbidden from living in white areas, could work in white areas only if they had a permit. (trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, ete were separate for the whites and blacks, This was called segregation. Q.How did it come to an end ? (2) Since 1950, the blacks, coloured and Indians fought against the apartheid system (b) they launched protests and strikes. The African national congress was formed which the struggle against the policies of segregation. (c) many sensitive whites also joined the ANC to oppose apartheid (c)s protest and struggles against apartheid increased the government realized that they could longer keep the blacks under their rule. (©ffinally, the white regime changed its policies and on 26th april,1994 the new national flag of the republic of south Africa was unfigyedlmarking the newly bom democracy in the world and ending apartheid government. Quihat is a constitution? What is the importance of constitution? (a)The constitution is a set of written rules that are accepted by all people living together in a county. (bff is the supreme law that determines the relationship among the citizens and the relationship between the people and the government. Itis important because~ (@)it generates a degree of trust and coordination that is necessary for different kind of people to live together. (b);it specifies how the government will be constituted and who will have power to take decisions, (©)it lays down limits on the powers of the government and tells us what the Highbs of the citizens are. (Gt expresses the aspirations of the people for creating a good society. Quwhat are the reasons for accepting the constitution made,by the constituent assémbly?The constitution does not refléct the views of its members alone, It expresses a broad consensus of its time. «a)secondly,the constituent assembly represénitéd the people of India. There 70 universal adult franchise at that time,it has not been chosen directly dy all the Pampte of India. It was elected mainly by the members of the existing provincial legislature. This ensured a few geographical share of members from all the regifis of the country. a )finally,the manner in which the constituent assembly worked Bives sanctity to Tp Prepared; clause by ciause discussion took plave on the draft constitution These are used to interpret the meaning of constitution, . Quy do we celebrate January 26 as republic day every year? ‘ihe constituent assembly that wrote the Indian constitution had 299 members, The assembly adopted the constitution on 26!" November, 1949 but it came into effect gn January 26,1950: fo mak this day we celebrate 26 january as public day every year. Q. What is a-Reamble ? Pq. or on Constition 7 @. Explain lm 4 ideals the . ity ¥ Srodernity Fo 5) | sustice, liber yen 4 LE notes off - 9 Q@. Wile ae Qocialist , Accvlax Stabe ay Sovereign, Democxaec Re poblic b, L Sond (04°) Lonahlton oo i Pq 5) B.S.S