AP EURO CHAPTER 20B STUDY GUIDE

ALEXANDER I (RUSSIA)

Gained his throne through a coup d'etat with his father

At first, he embraced the ideals of the Enlightenment but later, after
realizing its dangers, worked to suppress (defeat) liberalism and

nationalism in Russia
Suggested members of the Quadruple Alliance uphold the borders &
existing governments of all the European countries but prime minister

Castlereagh of Britain refuses

Had no heir when he died, but worked to make his younger brother
Nicholas the tsar after his death through a series of secret instructions

SIMON BOLIVAR THE LIBERTADOR (VENEZUELA)

A strong advocate of independence & republicanism

Frees Caracas of Venezuela (where he is named president), Bolivia,

Columbia, & Ecuador from Spanish control

His defeat of Spanish royalist forces at Battle of Ayacucho would finally
free the rest of Peru & mark the end of Spain's efforts to hold onto its

South American empire

At a meeting in Guayaquil, he and San Martin disagree over the future
political structure of Latin America, bc he wants a republic Latin
America

GEORGE CANNING (GREAT BRITAIN)

Became new foreign minister after Castlereagh's death

Much less sympathetic to Metternich's conservative goals
Was more interested in trade and commerce
Sought to prevent extension of European reaction to Spain's colonies
(which were in revolt) bc he wanted the colonies to be independent in
order to break Spain's old trading monopoly & gain access to the Latin

American trade that Britain had been denied of

Brought the War of Jenkins's Ear to a successful end for Britain

CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES (FRANCE)

Lower house of France's bicameral legislature

Created under Charter of Louis XVIII

During the rule of Charles X, became increasingly liberal as more

liberals won more seats

Bargained w/ the king, who responded by appointing a less
conservative ministry & easing dominance over press & education, but

this group was still unsatisfied

After election of 1830, liberals gained many more seats in this group
Charles X then dissolves this group by way of the Four Ordinances
When Charles goes into exile after the July Revolution, they name Louis
Philippe the king, & ending Bourbon rule in France

CHARLES X (FRANCE)

Ruled after Louis XVIII's death

Not a conservative, but a reactionary
Considered himself a monarch by divine right & moved to restore lands
that the aristocrats had lost during the revolution, restored
primogeniture, as well as issued a law that punished those who

committed sacrilege
French liberals wanted a legitimately constitutional regime and in
1829, he abandoned efforts to accommodate liberals & appointed an
ultra royalist ministry

CONGRESS OF VIENNA

After this conference, the Great Powers of Russia, Austria, Britain

and Prussia agree to meet periodically to discuss matters in Europe