KPP - Sentrifugasi Uo2kjoiujoi

SENTRIFUGASI
07/10/2014
Nur Istianah-KPP-Sentrifugasi-2014
Sentrifugasi
Proses pemisahan solid dari liquid dengan prinsip grafitasi.
Densitas solid harus lebih besar dari densitas liquid
Peran gaya sentrifugal:

1. Mendorong partikel kecil agar mengendap
2. Menahan brownian motion
3. Mencegah arah free convection fluida

4. Mengurangi penumpukan cake pada screen (untuk
centrifugal filtration)
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General principle
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Klasifikasi centrifuge
Labratory centrifuge
Kapasitas
Preparative centrifuge
Sedimenting
centrifuge
Kegunaan
Filtering
centrifuge
Ultracentrifugation
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Tubular bowl
Basket
Disk stack
Scroll decanter
Basket
Pusher
Baffle
Inverting bag
Cone screen
3
Labratory centrifuge
Tubular bowl
centrifuge
1000-15000rpm
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Preparative centrifuge
Tubular bowl
centrifuge
500-2000 rpm
Better performance
than turbular flow
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Sedimenting centrifuge
Steve, 2007
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Filtering centrifuge
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Steve, 2007
centrifugal filtration
centrifugal settling
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Gas-solid cyclone
separator
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horizontal axis scroll

decanter centrifuge
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10
Pusher
centrifuge
Peeler centrifuge
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11
Ultracentrifugation
1000-15000 rpm
Digunakan untuk
pemisahan
atau
analisa campuran
makromolekul
(AUC). Ex: protein
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Rpm tinggi
menimbulkan
panas sehingga
memerlukan
cooling
12
Applications of centrifuges in food processing
13
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Persamaan pada sentrifugasi
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Persamaan pada centrifuge settling
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20
Persamaan pada centrifuge settling
Settling: acceleration from gravity (Fg)

Centrifuge:
acceleration from centrifugal force (Fc)
circular motion and acceleration occurred from
centrifugal force
ac
ac = acceleration from centrifugal force (m/s2)

r = radial distance (m)
= angular velocity (rad/s)
20
Centrifugal force (Fc)
21
The centrifugal force, Fc acting on an object of mass

m, rotating in a circular path of radius R, at an
angular velocity of is :
Fc mR
(1)
and
2N N
60
30
(2)
where N = rotational speed (rpm) = an angular

velocity (rad s-1)
22
23
g force (gravities or gs)
23
The steady-state velocity of particles moving in a

streamline flow under the action of an
accelerating force
g ( s l ) Ds2
from vt
18
r 2 ( s l ) Ds2
vt
18
Where vt=terminal velocity of particle; s and l =

density of solid and liquid ; r = distance of the
particle from center of rotation; = viscosity of
liquid.
23
Centrifugation time
Time taken by the particle to move though the
liquid layer is called residence time (tr).
dr
Vt
dt
23
( s )D r
vt
18
2
2
s
dr D r ( s )
dt
18
2
s
23
D ( s )
1
dt
r r dr
18
0
1
r2
2
s
r2 D ( s )
ln
tr
r1
18
2
s
r2
18 ln
r1
tr 2 2
Ds ( s )
23
Calculation of flow rate for continuous centrifuge

flow rate (Q)
V
Q
tr
V
r2
18 ln
r1
Ds2 2 ( s )
V Ds2 2 ( s ) (r22 r12 )b Ds2 2 ( s )

Q
r2
r2
18 ln
18 ln
r1
r1
23
r1 = inside radius (m)

r2 = outside radius (m)
b = height of
centrifuge(m)
= viscosity (Pa.s)
= an angular velocity
(rad s-1)
s = density of solid
(kg/m3)
= density of liquid
(kg/m3)
Ds= diameter of
particle(m)
V(m3)=operating
volume of the
centrifuge
23
Example 1
Find centrifugation time tr of a
particle d=1mm. In a centrifuge
Given
N 995 RPM
8.110 4 Pa.s
P 1100kg / m 3
Ri
Ro
f 1000kg / m 3
Ri 0.20m.
Ro 0.25m.
23
Find
2N
60
2 995
60
104.20rad / s
23
Find time
18 ln( ro / ri )
tr 2 2
d p f
4
18 8.110 ln(0.25 / 0.20)

tr
2
2
0.001 104.20 1100 1000
3
t r 3.25 10 sec
tr of particle d=1mm. in centrifuge3.25x10-3sec
23
Example 2
Beer with a specific gravity of 1.042 and a viscosity of
1.04x10-3 N s/m2 contains 1.5% solids which have a
density of 1160kg/m3. It is clarified at a rate of 240 l/h
in a bowl centrifuge which has and operating volume
of 0.09 m3 and a speed of 10000 rev/min. The bowl
has a diameter of 5.5 cm and is fitted with a 4 cm
outlet. Calculate the effect on feed rate of an increase
in bowl speed to 15000 rev/min and the minimum
particle size that can be removed at the higher speed.
23
Solution
Initial flow rate
Q1
V (2N1 / 60) 2 D 2 p f
18 ln( ro / ri )
new flow rate
Q2
V (2N 2 / 60) 2 D 2 p f
18 ln( ro / ri )
23
As all conditions except the bowl speed

remain the same,
Q2 (2N 2 / 60) 2
Q1 (2N1 / 60) 2
Q2
(2 3.142 15000 / 60) 2
(240 / 3600) (2 3.142 10000 / 60) 2

Therefore,
Q2 = 0.15 l/s
23
To find the minimum particle size
Q2 [18 ln( ro / ri )]
D
(2N 2 / 60) 2 ( p f )V
2
0.15[18 1.40 10 3 ln(0.0275 / 0.02)]
(2 3.142 15000 / 60) 2 (1160 1042)0.09

3
1.20 10
D
6.8m
7
2.62 10
23
Separation of liquids
1
# A and B are dense and
light liquid,
rA, rB =outlet radius
rn= radius of neutral zone.
= angular velocity,
Q = volumetric flowrate,
V = operating volume of the centrifuge,
D = diameter of the particle,
r2 = radius of light phase outlet,
r1 = radius of dense phase outlet,
N =speed of rotation
3
Fig 6.1. Separation of immiscible liquids
# t (s)=residence time
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15
Example3
A bowl centrifuge is used to break an oil-inwater emulsion. Determine the radius of the
neutral zone in order to position the feed pipe
correctly. (Assume that the density of the
continuous phase is 1000 kg/m3 and the
density of the oil is 870 kg/m3. the outlet
radius from the centrifuge are 3 cm and 4.5
cm).
23
Solution
1000(0.045) 870(0.03)
rn
1000 870
2.025 0.783
rn
130
rn 0.098m
2
23
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

The best person is one give something useful always
07/10/2014

KPP - Sentrifugasi Uo2kjoiujoi

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SENTRIFUGASI

Peran gaya sentrifugal:

3. Mencegah arah free convection fluida

horizontal axis scroll

Applications of centrifuges in food processing

Persamaan pada sentrifugasi

Persamaan pada centrifuge settling

Persamaan pada centrifuge settling

Settling: acceleration from gravity (Fg)

ac = acceleration from centrifugal force (m/s2)

Centrifugal force (Fc)

The centrifugal force, Fc acting on an object of mass

where N = rotational speed (rpm) = an angular

g force (gravities or gs)

The steady-state velocity of particles moving in a

Where vt=terminal velocity of particle; s and l =

Calculation of flow rate for continuous centrifuge

V Ds2 2 ( s ) (r22 r12 )b Ds2 2 ( s )

r1 = inside radius (m)

18 8.110 ln(0.25 / 0.20)

new flow rate

As all conditions except the bowl speed

(240 / 3600) (2 3.142 10000 / 60) 2

To find the minimum particle size

0.15[18 1.40 10 3 ln(0.0275 / 0.02)]

(2 3.142 15000 / 60) 2 (1160 1042)0.09

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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