AnalysisofAsepticLooseningofthe

AcetabularCupinCementedTotalHip
Replacement
TadhgAdderley,
Dr.F.McEvoy,Dr.Y.Blake,Mr.R.Flavin.

1. MechanicalEngineeringDepartment,Instituteof
TechnologyTallaght,Dublin.
2. OrthopaedicSurgeon,GalwayUniversityHospital.

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

Overview
1.

Introduction

2.

Project Objectives

3.

Pelvis Model Design & Validation

4.

Foam Compression Tests & Results

5.

Hip Simulator Design & Calibration

6.

Future Work

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

1. Introduction

Over1millionTotalHipReplacements(THR)performed
worldwideeachyear.
300,000inAmerica
50,000inEngland&Wales
3,389inIreland(2004)

Vhipaidout18milliononTHR
in04/05.
11,500peroperation

Between710%ofTHRwillrequirearevision.
TA4

75%ofrevisionscausedbyasepticloosening.

Slide3
TA4

AsepticlooseningofTHRisthemajorreasonforrevisionsurgery.
Thispaperaimstovalidateapelvismodel,socementedcupscanbetestedandexaminedforcausesofasepticloosening.
Thepelvismodelwillbeusedonapurposebuilthipsimulatortotestcementedacetabularcups.
TadhgAdderley,29/01/2009

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

2. Project Objectives

Design&build:
HipSimulatortoBS&ISOstandards.
PelvisModel.
Findsuitablereplacementmaterialforbone.

Determine:
Theinitiatingfactorsthatcauseasepticloosening.
Inwhichzoneorareafailureoccurs.

Investigatethemigrationofthecupoveritslifespan.

Identifytheoptimumdesigncriteriafortheacetabularcup.
4

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

Total Hip Replacement

3. Pelvis Model Design

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

3. PelvisModel

VonMisesStress(MPa)
Obtained
Results
Cup

Cement

Lamvoheeet Cilingiretal. Majumderet

Cortical Bone(2007)
al.(2006)
al.(2004) Cu
p

15.3
{9 12}

7.06

7.27 8.84
Von Mises Stress Results

Loading Conditions on Pelvis Model

Cortical Bone

Trabecular Bone

Cemen
t

{10.34}

16.48

1.2 3.53

15

17.68

15 25

2.21

0.3 1.7

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

4. CompressionTests
0.12g/cc Cellular Rigid Polyurethane Foam

0.32g/cc Cellular Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Crack

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

4. Compression Test Results

0.32g/cc Cellular Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Strain Rate = 0.0208s-1

UltimateStress=7.63MPa
8
7
T rueStress(M Pa)

0.2%ProofStress=6.25MPa
6
5

0.3g/cc Trabecular Bone

4

Youngs Modulus 200 MPa

Yield Point 8 MPa

Ultimate Stress 8-10 MPa

[Bartel

2
1
0
0%

et al. (2006) & Nordin et al.

(2001)]
Young'sModulus=298.76MPa
1%

2%

3%
TrueStrain

4%

5%

6%

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

4. Compression Test Results

0.32g/cc Cellular Rigid Polyurethane Foam & Epoxy Sheets
Strain Rate = 0.0208s-1

9
UltimateStress=8.30MPa
8
0.2%ProofStress=7.7MPa

TrueStress(MPa)

7
6
5
4
3
Young'sModulus=345.76MPa
2
1
0
0%

1%

2%

3%
TrueStrain

4%

5%

6% 9

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

4. Compression Test Results

Strain Rate Sensitivity

10

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

4. Instron Testing
CompressionTests
14
12

Load(kN)

10
8
6
4
2
0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

Displacement(mm)
0.01/sCellularFoam

0.001/sCellularFoam

0.01/sSolidFoam

0.001/sSolidFoam

11

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

5. Hip Simulator
Pneumatic
Cylinder

Gimbal
Section

Path

Stem
12

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

5. Calibration of Hip Simulator

RegulatorPressurev
ersusInputVoltage
LoadCellCalibration
[Alldatapoints]
InputVoltage10V

5000
9
4500
8

4000
7

3500
RegulatotPressure(bar)
Load(N)

3000
5

2500
4
2000
3
1500

2
1000

Load=484.136144693950000*Voltage+1.182978741572300
RegulatorPressure=1.499321178280810*InputVoltage+1.508361740837780
2

2
R =0.999992111474258
R =0.999998465370372

1500

0 0
1 0

13
1

3 1

2 5

OutputVoltage
(mV)
InputVoltage(V)

10
5

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

6. Future Work

FatiguetestsonInstron.
PEcupsamplescementedintofoamblocks.

ExperimentsoncementedacetabularcupsusingPelvisModel
inHipSimulator.

Investigatemigrationofcups.
UsingCMM,measurepositionofcupsbefore&aftertesting.

UsingCTscans,examinespecimensforfailure.

14

Analysis of Aseptic Loosening of the Acetabular Cup

TheCentreofAppliedScienceforHealth
isFundedUnderthe
ProgrammeforResearchinThirdLevelInstitutionsCycle4
ProgrammeforResearchinThirdLevelInstitutionsCycle4

ThankyouforListening
Anyquestions?
15