Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

TOPICS
Isometric Drawing
Oblique Parallel Drawing

HEF1000 / HES1300 / DEE1243

Graphical
Communications
Lecture 3
School of Engineering & Science
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Pictorial Drawing
A three dimensional pictorial is a drawing
that shows an objects three principal
planes, much as they would be captured
by a camera
Sometimes they are called Technical
Illustrations

ISOMETRIC DRAWING

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Types

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Types of Axonometrics

Obliques
Cavalier
Cabinet

Axonometrics
Isometrics
Dimetric
Trimetric

Perspectives
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SUTS

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Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

Foreshortening of Cube Edges

Concept of Isometric Axes

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Isometrics

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Isometric Scale

Axes equally
separated (120)
H, W, and D
measurements are
true size along iso.
axes
Angles must be
located by
coordinates
Circles appear as
ellipses on all
surfaces

Is used for correct

isometric projection.
Allows for the
foreshortening of
isometric lines.
Is a true
representation of the
object.

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Angle for Drawing Isometrics

Isometric Projection vs. Drawing

Isometric projections are foreshortened because the object is tipped
tipped
with respect to the viewing plane. Isometric drawings are not usually
usually
foreshortened because they still appear proportionate when showing
showing
the dimensions full size along isometric axis lines. It is easier
easier just to
sketch or draw the full dimension.
dimension

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SUTS

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Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

Selection of Isometric Axes

Selection of Isometric Axes

Select the view that reveals as much detail
as possible.

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Isometrics Drawing using the

Boxing-In Method

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Making an isometric drawing

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Inclined Surfaces in
Isometric

Making an isometric drawing

Inclined surfaces can not be measured along inclined

lines in an isometric sketch. To locate inclined
surfaces you must make measurements along the
isometric axis lines.
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SUTS

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Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

Arcs in Isometric Sketches

Hidden Lines

Arcs are usually sketched by locating their centers and

then boxing in the enclosing parallelogram. Sketch the
arc tangent to the enclosing box, which is drawn along
isometric lines.

Hidden lines are not

usually shown unless
they are needed to show
an unclear feature.
The orientation should be
chosen so that hidden
lines aren
arent needed.
Holes are assumed to go
completely through the
object unless their depth
is indicated with a note or
with hidden lines.

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Isometric circlesordinate
method

Isometric Circles & Angles

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The Isometric Ellipse

Template

Isometric Ellipses

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SUTS

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Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

Using the Ellipse Template

Drawing Rounded Corners

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Isometric Ellipse

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Construction of Cylinders
Lightly block in the
cylinder

1
1

2
1

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Construction of Cylinders

Construction of Cylinders

Lightly block in the

cylinder
Sketch the upper and
lower ellipses

Lightly block in the

cylinder
Sketch the upper and
lower ellipses
Connect the ellipses
with Tangent lines

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SUTS

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Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

Construction of Cylinders
Lightly block in the
cylinder
Sketch the upper and
lower ellipses
Connect the ellipses
with Tangent lines
Darken the lines

Oblique Parallel Drawing

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Which is the cube ?

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Were you right?

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Oblique Drawings

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Oblique Parallel Projection

Treated the most descriptive or natural

view as the front view, and is placed
parallel to the plane of projection.
Favored by the furniture manufacturing
and cabinetmaking industry.

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SUTS

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Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

Oblique Drawing Angles

Types of Oblique Drawings

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Depth Lines

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Cavalier Oblique
Front view true size
Receding Axis Angle
(Normally 30, 45 or
60) is Variable
Depth dimension
(receding axis) true
size

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Cabinet Oblique

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Side by Side Comparison

Front view true size

Receding Axis Angle
(Normally 30, 45 or
60) is Variable
Depth dimension
(receding axis) half
size

Cavalier Oblique
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SUTS

Cabinet Oblique
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Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

Unnatural Appearance of
Oblique Drawing

Oblique Drawing Rules 1

Place the object so that the view with the
most detail (arcs, circles or irregular face)
is parallel to the picture plane.

Oblique drawings of objects having a lot of depth

can appear very unnatural due to the lack of
foreshortening.
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Oblique Drawing Rules 2

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Oblique Drawing Rules 3

Place the object so that the longest

dimension runs horizontally across the
sheet.

Rule 1 has preference as it is easier to

draw the irregular face without distortion.

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Oblique Drawing Rules 4

Angles in Oblique

Aim to show the object so that its shape is

most clearly presented and is conducive to
showing its dimensions.

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SUTS

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Angles in front view are drawn true size

Other angles must be located using
coordinates
Appearance of angles may be distorted

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Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

Circles on the Oblique Face

Circles on the Oblique Face

Drawn true size in

front view
Drawn as ellipses on
receding planes
Layout using a
Rhombus

The circles are plotted in a similar manner

to isometric circles, except that
measurements along the 45deg axis are
taken from the half size quadrant.

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Cylinders in Oblique

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Start Oblique Drawing

Front and Back

surfaces are circular
Sides are drawn as
lines tangent to the
front and back

Select front view

Draw normal features true size on front plane
Select convenient angle for receding axes (45
or 30)
Draw oblique box:
receding axes at selected angle
apply appropriate foreshortening

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Steps of creating oblique

drawing

Transfer distances from orthogonal axes along

receding axes (scale if required)
Box in other normal features applying offset
Join ends to locate non-normal features
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Steps of creating oblique

drawing

4 x 4 x 4 Cube in Oblique Representation

DEPTH = 2
SQUARES

DEPTH = 4
SQUARES

DEPTH = 2
DIAGONALS

Scale = ?

CABINET

CAVALIER

GENERAL

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SUTS

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Graphical Communication: Lecture 3

Inclined Surfaces in Oblique

Oblique vs. Isometric

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Circular shapes parallel to the view are

shown true shape in oblique drawing,
making them easy to sketch.
Oblique pictorials are not as realistic as
isometric views because the depth can
appear very distorted.
Oblique views cannot usually be
generated directly from a 3D model
using CAD.
Oblique is primarily a sketching
technique.
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Reading
BOUNDY, A. W. (2002) Engineering
Drawing, NSW, Australia, McGraw-Hill.

End of Lecture!

Chapter 5, pages 197 206.

?? Any Question ??
?????

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SUTS

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