SERIES PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Now we bring together all the losses we have studied to

investigate the total loss for a pipe network
Series pipeline fluid flows in a single flowpath through the
system
What were the various losses we discussed???
- Friction loss in pipes (major)
hL = f * (L/D) * v2/2g
- losses due to bends, fittings, valves, etc (minor losses)

hL = K (v 2 / 2 g )
We will be studying 3 types of series pipe systems

CLASS I:
Given pipe size, flow rates
Determine pressure at some point, total head from a
pump

CLASS II:
Given pipe sizes, valves, fittings etc.
Given allowable pressures or pressure drops
Determine the allowable flow rate Q in the system
CLASS III:
Given pipe layout and flow rates
Determine pipe sizes

CLASS I Computations
Apply General Energy Equation

hL = sum of
-

entrance loss
friction loss in suction line
loss in valve
loss in elbows
friction loss in discharge line
exit loss

Example Problem 11.1

Determine Power supplied to pump

If

Efficiency = 76%
Fluid = methyl alcohol at 25C
Q = 54 m3/hr
Suction line 4 steel pipe 15 m long
Discharge line 2 steel pipe 200 m long
Valve globe valve
Entrance from 1 square edged inlet

NOTE see appendices F-G in TEXT for areas and inside

diameters for steel pipes.

Correction 789! (table appendix B)

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Table 10.5

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Table 10.4

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ASSIGNMENT # 7:
CLASS 1 PIPE SYSTEMS
11.1M
11.2M

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***Some Design Considerations for Series Pipelines:

Keep pressure at inlet to the pump as high as practical but
checks should be made to ensure that cavitation does not
occur in the suction line.
Minimize energy losses in the pipelines. Large diameter
pipes should be selected for long pipe line lengths so as to
reduce friction losses. However the pipe dia should not be
excessively large increases costs.
Length of suction lines should be as short as practical.
ON or OFF valves should be preferred, such as GATE or
BUTTERFLY valves. Where flow needs to be gradually
reduced, GLOBE valves should be used.
Often preferable to put valves on either side of the pump.

Design Changes to CLASS I Problem to reduce losses:

Length of suction line = 15m, appear excessively long,
shorten if possible.
Provide a GATE valve in the suction line
Energy loss in 200m discharge line too high = 185.9 m
(friction); associated with high velocity = 6.92 m/s.
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Recommended range of velocities

Suction lines = 0.6 to 1.2 m/s
Discharge lines = 2-5.5 m/s
To reduce the velocity in the discharge line increase the
diameter of the pipe.
Currently you have 2 inch pipe.
Refer to Figure 6.2 (next page) says to use ~ 21/2 inches;
Adopt 3-inch
Velocity head due to 2-inch = 2.44 m
Velocity head due to 3-inch = 0.504 m

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A reduction in energy losses of about 5 times!!

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 Currently you have Globe valve in discharge line which has

an equivalent-length ratio = 340. The same value for a
fully-open GATE valve is = 8. A reduction of about 42
times in the energy loss.

Final Summary of proposed design changes

Decrease suction line length from 15 to 1.5 m. Add that
length to discharge line.
Add fully open gate valve in suction line.
Increase discharge line dia from 2 to 3.
Replace globe valve in discharge line with gate valve.
All these changes will lead to reduction in energy added by
pump from 217 m to 37.9 m. the power supplied to the pump
would decrease from 33.2 kW to 5.8 kW a reduction by a
factor of 6!!!
Cost analysis should also be done.

CLASS II:
Given pipe sizes, valves, fittings etc.
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 Given allowable pressures or pressure drops

Determine the allowable flow rate Q in the system

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f =

0.25
2

5.74
1

+
log

0 .9
3.7 ( D / ) N R

- (Swamee & Jain eqn)

Note Correction D/ = 8889 in eq above!

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CLASS III:
Given pipe layout and flow rates
Determine pipe sizes

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