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Microsoft Mathematics is a set of tools that you can use to perform mathematical operations on expressions or
equations in your Word documents and OneNote notebooks.
You can use the extensive collection of mathematical symbols and structures to display clearly formatted mathematical
expressions. You can also quickly insert commonly used expressions and math structures by using the Equation gallery.
You can use Microsoft Mathematics to perform the following tasks:
Compute standard mathematical functions, such as roots and logarithms
Compute trigonometric functions, such as sine and cosine
Find derivatives and integrals, limits, and sums and products of series
Perform matrix operations, such as inverses, addition, and multiplication
Perform operations on complex numbers
Plot 2D graphs in Cartesian and polar coordinates, and 3D graphs in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical
coordinates
Solve equations and inequalities
Calculate statistical functions, such as mode and variance, on lists of numbers
Factor polynomials or integers
Simplify or expand algebraic expressions
Related topics
About case sensitivity
About mathematical expressions and evaluation
Insert an equation or expression
Important
Microsoft Mathematics looks for the specific variables x, y, and z (or r, , and f ) to determine the domain over which to
plot an expression or equation. You should always use these variables when you write expressions, to ensure that
Microsoft Mathematics correctly interprets your mathematical constructs.
Related topics
About case sensitivity
Insert an equation or expression
Update a graph
Related topics
Plot a function, expression, or equation
Plot one or more inequalities
Update a graph
Update a graph
You can change the display characteristics of a graph in your document.
1. Select the graph that you want to update.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click the arrow at the bottom of the Graph button, and then click Edit Graph.
3. In the Graph dialog box, make any changes necessary.
4. Click Update.
A new picture of the graph is inserted into your document.
Note
You can also double-click the graph to open the Graph dialog box.
Related topics
Plot a function, expression, or equation
Plot one or more inequalities
Plot a parametric expression, equation, or inequality
. For example,
. For example,
.
.
x=
x=
= 0 and a
= 0 and a
Related topics
About computing the results of mathematical functions, expressions, and equations
Solve an equation or a system of equations
Solve an inequality
Related topics
Solve an inequality
Plot a function, expression, or equation
Solve an inequality
You can use Microsoft Mathematics to determine the conditions which satisfy an inequality.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the inequality that you want to solve.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute.
3. Click Solve for n, where n is the variable for which you are solving.
Related topics
Plot one or more inequalities
About solving equations and inequalities
Solve an equation or a system of equations
Expand an expression
You can use the expand function to compute the expanded form of the product of two or more expressions.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation you want to expand.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute.
3. Click Algebra, and then click Expand.
Related topics
Factor an expression or integer
Test the validity of an equation or inequality
Related topics
Test the validity of an equation or inequality
Expand an expression
About differentiation
Microsoft Mathematics can compute the derivative of a mathematical function or polynomial expression. For functions
of more than one variable, you can compute the partial derivative with respect to the specified variable of
differentiation.
Note
When you differentiate trigonometric functions, Microsoft Mathematics requires that radians are set as the unit of angle
measurement. You will receive a message that prompts you to change the angle measurement to radians if it is set to
degrees or gradians.
Related topics
Calculate derivatives of single-variable expressions
Calculate partial derivatives
(sin(x)).
(x + 3x + 4x + 5).
Related topics
Calculate an indefinite integral of single-variable expressions
Calculate a definite integral
(sin(x) cos(y)).
(xsin(t)).
Related topics
About differentiation
Calculate derivatives of single-variable expressions
About integrals
Microsoft Mathematics can calculate the indefinite or definite integral of expressions of one or more variables. The
indefinite integral of (x) is any function whose derivative is (x). When calculating indefinite integrals, Microsoft
Mathematics includes the arbitrary constant "C" in the result. The definite integral is calculated over the entered
bounds.
Note
When you integrate trigonometric functions, Microsoft Mathematics requires that radians are set as the angle
measurement. You will receive a message prompting you to change the angle measurement to radians if it is set to
degrees or gradians.
Related topics
Calculate an indefinite integral of single-variable expressions
Calculate a definite integral
dx.
Note
To increase the number of columns or rows in a matrix, right-click the matrix, click Insert, and select to add a row
or column.
3. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Calculate.
Related topics
Transpose a matrix
Calculate the determinant, inverse, or trace of a matrix
Related topics
Transpose a matrix
Perform matrix arithmetic
Transpose a matrix
The transpose of a matrix is the matrix that results from transposing the rows and columns of a given matrix. The a_ij
element of matrix A is mapped to the a_ji element of the object matrix, where i indicates the row number and j
indicates the column number.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the matrix that you want to transpose.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute.
3. Click Matrix, and then click Transpose Matrix.
Related topics
Calculate the determinant, inverse, or trace of a matrix
Sort a list
You can sort a list of values. The elements of the list do not need to be the same type. For example, your list can
consist of real and complex numbers, functions, and variable expressions.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the list that you want to sort.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute.
3. Click List, and then click Sort.
Related topics
About list operations
Find the minimum or maximum member of a list
Calculate the mean, median, or mode of a list of values
Glossary
averagesee mean
Cartesian coordinatesA pair of coordinates that give the location of a point on a plane (relative to an origin and two
perpendicular axes), or a set of three coordinates that give the location of a point in space (relative to an origin and
three mutually perpendicular planes)
combinationA subset that contains a specified number of the elements of a given set, selected without regard to the
order in which they were chosen
complex numberA number in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i = sqrt(-1) , so that bi is imaginary
unless b = 0
coordinateEach of a set of numbers that together describe the exact position of something with reference to a set of
axes
cosineFor a given angle in a right triangle, a trigonometric function equal to the length of the side adjacent to the angle
divided by the hypotenuse
cylindrical coordinatesA set of three coordinates that specify the position of a point in three dimensions by using polar
coordinates in one plane and specifying the perpendicular distance of the point from the plane
derivativeA function derived from another function so that at each point of the original function, the derivative
represents the slope of the original function at that point.
determinantThe value computed from a square matrix that determines whether the matrix is singular (has 0
determinant) or invertible (has non-zero determinant)
domainThe set of possible values that you can specify for an independent variable in a function
equationA mathematical statement that two expressions, usually separated by an equal sign, are of the same value
exponentA number or variable placed to the upper right of a number or mathematical expression that indicates the
number of times the number or expression is to be multiplied by itself
expressionAny combination of constants, operators, and variables that represent numbers or quantities, for example,
(5 + x)
factorOne of two or more numbers or quantities that can be multiplied together to give a specified number or quantity.
For example, 3 and 5 are factors of 15
factorialThe number that results from multiplying a whole number by every whole number between itself and 1
inclusive. The factorial is symbolized by the exclamation point (!). 5 factorial, or 5!, is 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120
functionA mathematical relationship between variables in which the value of one variable determines a unique value for
another variable
greatest common factorThe largest number that can be exactly divided into each element of a set of numbers. The
greatest common factor of 12, 60, and 84 is 12. Also called greatest common divisor
hypotenuseThe longest side of a right triangle, opposite the right angle
identity matrixA square matrix that has the numeral 1 in each position on the principal diagonal and 0 in all other
positions
indefinite integralAlso called an anti-derivative, the indefinite integral of a function is the function that has the original
function as its derivative.
least common multipleThe lowest whole number that is divisible without a remainder by all of the elements of a set of
numbers
limitA number that is arbitrarily close to the value of a given function for all values of the function's independent
variable sufficiently close to, but not equal to, a given number (or positive or negative infinity).
listAn ordered set of elements enclosed in braces
logarithmThe power to which a base must be raised to equal a given number
matrixA rectangular array of mathematical elements. For example, the coefficients of linear equations, whose rows and
columns can be combined with those of other arrays to solve problems
meanThe sum of all the elements of a set divided by the number of elements in the set. Also called arithmetic mean or
average.
medianThe middle value in a set of statistical values that are arranged in ascending or descending order
modeThe value that has the highest frequency within a statistical range. Also called norm
operationA mathematical process in which entities are derived from others through the application of rules, for
example, subtraction, multiplication, or differentiation
operatorA mathematical symbol, term, or other entity that performs or describes an operation, for example, a
multiplication or subtraction sign
parameterIn a mathematical equation, a constant that changes and results in a collection of related curves or surfaces.
For example, in the equation y = mx+b, m and b are parameters
parametricOf or pertaining to parameters
parametric equationAn equation in which values to be plotted are expressed as functions of underlying parameters
polar coordinatesA pair of coordinates that locate a point in a plane by specifying the length of a radius vector and the
angle it makes with a horizontal line
polynomialA mathematical expression that consists of the sum of a number of terms, each of which contains a constant
and variables raised to a positive integral power. Also called multinomial
productThe number that results from multiplying two or more numbers
radian (rad)A unit of angular measurement equivalent to the angle between two radii that enclose a section of a circle's
circumference (arc) equal in length to the length of a radius. There are 2*pi radians in a circle
rangeThe set of values that a function can take on
real numberA number that is either rational or irrational with no imaginary part
seriesA (possibly infinite) sum of indexed terms.
sineFor a given angle in a right triangle, a trigonometric function equal to the length of the side opposite the angle
divided by the hypotenuse
spherical coordinatesA set of coordinates used for locating a point in space representing its distance from some origin
and two angles describing its orientation relative to perpendicular axes extending from that origin
standard deviationA statistical measure of the amount by which a set of values differs from the arithmetical mean,
equal to the square root of the mean of the differences' squares
sumThe number that results from adding two or more numbers
traceThe sum of the diagonal entries of a square matrix
transposeA matrix created by interchanging the rows and columns of a previously given matrix
variableA symbol that represents an unspecified or unknown quantity, such as "a," "b," or "x"
varianceA statistical measure of the spread or variation of a group of numbers in a sample, equal to the square of the
standard deviation
vectorA quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Examples of vectors include force and velocity
y-axisThe vertical axis in a two-dimensional coordinate system, also one of the axes in the three-dimensional Cartesian
coordinate system