Applied Science 278

Midterm Examination - October 21 51 ,2013

THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

Department of Materials Engineering

APSC 278 Engineering Materials

MID-TERM EXAMINATION, October 21, 2013
This is a closed book examination.

Use of relevant material stored in programmable calculators prohibited.

Answer all questions. Show all work and units.

The complete exam is 8 pages in length

Name: __________________________

Student #: ____________________

Applied Science 278

Midterm Examination - October 21 S\ 2013

A cylindrical rod 750 mm in length, having a diameter of 12.5 mm is to be subjected to a tensile load. The rod should
experience neither plastic deformation nor an elongation of more than 2 mm when the applied load is 45 KN.
Modulus of
Elasticity/ GPa

Material
Aluminum alloy

70

Yield Strength /
MPa

350

Tensile Strength /
MPa

450

Poisson Ratio

033

~~ Jm)

Wcj~ !

'1es :x.

Brass

100

400

500

034

Ok

Steel

210

550

600

03

OJ(.

Copper

110

250

400

034

'fe$X

'!,..qj
. .

J?

, .

.X

1:11._-'0)(1<
i. ~ I

~.~

_X

(6)

i) Which of the four metals or alloys listed above are possible candidates? Justify your choices.

(2)

ii) for the acceptable materials from part (i), what would be their change in diameter under load.

b1~ -ye,

-= - ()"

=- -Oj~ 3 (,~-:ZMPI\=-0.3'1-D.OOI7L/j

~
'2/0 C,-f,"
I1J -= ~~ '/.. (2. Srv-M ~ ... o. OOc,({MM

(2)

iii) an additional design requirement for the component was that its modulus of resilience should exceed
0.7 MPa. Calculate its value for each acceptable material from part (i).

o{< ~I'tt: ~'J C(';tf-(l~ CJ lvcl'

---

Applied Science 278

Midterm Examination - October 21 51,2013
(4)

Show that the true stress in a tensile test can be expr sed as:

-fv~~ >te,~1 - 0"T = 0"(1 +

cy

"o~J J ivA;."

PIII)k Je(O!J\-~ ~ Q i)J~~IC1WH>/~

(fT;

~::

Af

(3)

.Il;

A010

(fi'

,~i

Ao~ ~ AI.

:: (f., . .'''-(0 t ~ :; (] (Iff'

to

(,0

Calculate the strain hardening exponent for an alloy in which a true stress of 450 MPa produces a true
strain of 0.15. Assume a value of 950 MPa for the strength coefficient.

f\

fJT:: K~

4<7'0';:'

OjSO

(D. ,~)"

n l~, (o./{) ~,

('ff1iI'l n )

II.~ los(~~)/~(Ol() = OJq

(2)

explain from a practical point of view, why it is much easier to measure the modulus of elasticity using a
cantilever beam test rather than using a tensile test.

f- 1)j3f14~CQ,t/v\~

It' (/\

w-Mtvu ~ f-0r

/t\'t

~ +(}\,\-},k fe~ r
1.-

f,'x~re5, ("\II~ V\~ J-z,., ~ ~l( ~Vl""

~/I ~L}

UJ

~ ~ ~

I~(( ~rU4W< 4 I

IV)

F( (;)

Applied Science 278

Midtenn Examination - October 21st, 2013
(3)

sketch the FCC unit cell and then calculate the atomic packing factor assuming the atoms to be hard
spheres.

~/~~ZCl'-

'c;v

APF~~tA~fr'S )(v"J~ ~c~~

Q~~hR

/tc ')

"" t)( ~l(t< ICdi {<.)" = Zif ~=

(4)

fITa,,;on~2

0""" "

gold has an FCC"";t cell. Ifthe angle of d;

(220) set n f planes
32.3 2 (fitst otdet
reflection) when a monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm is used, compute i) the
interplanar spacing for these sets of planes and ii) the lattice parameter of gold.

rcv

il~ t~ ~

~hJ4~ -.fL

(h"tr4-)( vf'r~) ';'

nrn -:;-

2M. -(1ft 'I t:o) v.

* ~:;
~~

.,
6l~~4J,~~

fff:;

]l.~l

~ihtY ~~

d:;

f\~ -=-

l{,W

I;X. 0./0)'1"2- YIP'

t-)lh0~31)

':;: O,1l1''f nM

;, fL ~ 0./If'f'r1 tr\
!.

Ct::

2fi (L ~

~ o /4 VANt.

Applied Science 278

Midterm Examination - October 21 st , 2013
(2)

define what is meant by the Burgers vector of a dislocation.

Mlt~{\ifwJ~ ~~ dA(w,'Q-v\ of 7ti l~irl.t ~l f-Orh~

C{\)O~ltfJ VVlt p.. &t'>(~"n

(4)

compare and contrast the microstructure and dislocation density of cold and hot worked materials.

de~(~ ~~ , l1AJh ~1Io~ ~j~

Cdd fVorf.ul -

ho+NO t'kJ - (U'aJ Mid er ""'-.. .lot J

(4)

filA j I

luw rk foCi</- de..sl~

Use band energy diagrams to explain the difference between a metal , an insulator, and a semiconductor.

Cv~~/~ Jve; ~ 0kcPAVlS (~v~ )

' .
_ _) ft:1,J tr:.ere
r;( ,,~/VV> '" ,>t. yt-,1C., IfM\Jf k..J,~ to W-~.-c- e"ffi}7 (k.t . t
.
rVv\1}t- k iMr-pf, ~/ecA'rtrt .sHvtu ti~Jt-\CW- .f<; rlftcl /l'AQv)/ Le:> Vh~ ~t J~
~

etWf'1

-ft; fhtJ~

11t!.t.Ir~ : &)"lV (b) - e~pt~ >t*~ fov atu~ kJ f1I (Jet, lttfu", Ih Vfv~flU. ~
o-r /h01-t- is ~ fWe-~ ~ ~t. ~J C::InJvf)k..., ~
l~{wk;~ :' v&l~~ct, h~ ~M~ ~/lRAt, N~,fhvA/6~l ~~ W OK ~ ~i/v~
b~. 74 ~ O'f I~ 14vJe, )0 c4~1+ ~ ~ ~ MCtM '~ ~1? ~!J

~;~~~ ~. )c~(,;- ~I~(f)\y\ C1 I"Sr/affJr\ W N 11 ho~ j~ -'~e(~.~ ~e11

I r".. f::::... ~ .l.-v.J.
(-I)" _ LFI' j,~
L"lA. J
A.

11. . -

_, ,

,,1;r'

1\".1.,..

Applied Science 278

Midterm Examination - October 21 51 , 20 I3
Steady-state creep data taken for iron at a stress level of 140 MPa gives the following data. If it is known
that the value of the stress exponent for this alloy is 8.5 , compute the steady state creep rate at 875 C

(4)

}J;.eady state creep rate (h' I)

6.6x I 0-4
8.8x IO'l
f7hJ

Ce)

Stress (MPa)
140
140

Temperature (0C)
820
925

\:7

(4)

The aluminum alloy, AA2024-TJ, has a plane strain fracture toughness of 44 MParm and a yield stress of
345 MPa. For the geometry shown below, determine the maximum load which can be applied to the plate
such that it does not fai I under the following circumstances: thickness of 5 mm, a width of 100 mm and a
crack length, a, of 20 mm.
F

Applied Science 278

Midtenn Examination - October 21 " , 2013

1~-(J~ ~

rJ) frAVh..

(3)

Vt,

Can you get fatigue failures without applying oscillating loads? Why?

f\;~1 .-{tJ1~~ re11~rt~

I$p

O>ttt(tt;h ~cb.
J

Osc",/(cd)J lotu,{~ ~V1lv tri ~Uw,.iJ/AI1 t~

fo tdt
No

ihihtitJtt

(JVVJc.J

ptt-jh'&t~

~ ~ C-r&\tk!, .

o~{./)'{a;h~ I.x~,

rto

\~~.J

Applied Science 278

Midterm Examination - October 21 s', 2013

Useful Formulae

Ff
Fe

= (2EY s) }i

0"
c

7rQ

Ef / Em

Ef / Em + Vm/ Vf

a~d
v=--=-
1=
0
:
a , ( 2E(r,;,,+ r
c
2Tc
E = 2G(1+ v)
Ec=KENf + EmVm
2
1
0" y
U =-0" X =
(Y y =
i y (e)
v = IR
r
2 y
2

2Jrr
pl
0" y + 0""

R=-;;:
K=YaJ;;
toughness ~
2
x &J
y

;r:

elf

fz;;

O"r =0"(1+)

= In(l + &)

&r
aT

= K;

p=

nA/ NA

Vc
nA = 2d sine

B~2tJJ

E=

="xM
~

J = (5E
V

R = (Y min
a max
Mn

1
(5=

(5

l
= nleltle

tle or tlh =

M w ="wM
~
I

ni ex: e

+ pleltlh
Va

-Egap /

kT

Vs

n=C
DPw =nw
L

Mw

=~

= Nd sinCe)
i.e. d:Ed

= K 2 (yn exp ( ~;)

&s

Ny = N ex p (

-~ )

() theoretical

=10E

Til

R = 8.314 Jmol-1K-1
Charge on electron = 1.6 x 10. 19 C

r=dFn
or r = AFn

NA=6.023 x 1023 atoms/mol

= (yCOS>COSA

am

~a,rl+{;Jl

EwJ. = E\(.E.] 2
p,

Ee

= EJVJ + EI//Vm

Ff

Fm

EmEr.

EmVr + ErVm

EfVf

EmVm