THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE BERLITZ SCHOOLS OF LANGUAGES OF AMERICA, INC. GROSSET & DUNLAP PUBLISHERS NEW YORKcorvnicirr @ 1949 by THE BERLITz scHoots OF LANGUAGES OF AMERICA, INC. ISBN: 0-£48-01427-0 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo- copying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from The Berlitz Schools of Languages of America, Inc. 1972 Printing PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAINTRODUCTION A very strange paradox exists in connection with languages and the learning of them. On the one hand, the ability to speak two or more languages reasonably well is prima facie evidence of better- than-average intelligence. On the other hand, learning a language is a very easy business. The proof of it is that every living human being who is not an utter idiot speaks one! ‘The trick lies in hov’ you go about it. It would seem reasonable to use somewhat the same system to learn a new language as you did to acquire your own. ‘This idea built up the Berlitz Schools of Languages from a one-room studio in Providence, Rhode Island, to a globe-circling institution with over goo branches. In a word, you learn to speak a language by speaking it—and in no other way. That is how the Spaniards do it, and that is how you learned English. You will succeed with the Beruitz Sevr-TEacHeR to the extent that you speak. Do not deceive yourself into thinking you have “arrived” when you find yourself able to read or translate the Spanish text. You master Spanish only in the degree to which you can express your ideas in it, The ability to interpret the thoughts of others is only the first step. One way of using the Bexuivz Ser-Tracuer is to pair off with someone else, or to organize a small group, After reading over theISH THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPA lesson in advance for meaning and pronunciation, each student then reads aloud, direct from the Spanish text. The lesson is divided into convenient portions by agreement among the students. After each student has practiced reading aloud, one of them assumes the role of instructor and questions the others from the exercises called ‘Tuinxinc in Spanisn, When all can answer these questions with- out hesitation, each student should invent ten or twelve new ques- tions, based on the same or preceding lessons, and (‘xen put these questions to the others. Afterwards, answers to the exercise questions should be written out and corrected from the keys in the appendix. When a group of you are learning together, do not succumb to the “community-sing” temptation, Each student must speak indi- vidually, so that he can hear himself and the others, and profit thereby. Make no mistake, however! This book is designed primarily for the student working alone. He must do exactly what pairs or groups do, covering each operation for himself. If you are embarrassed by the sound of your own voice, hide in the pantry! Put a sack over your head! No matter what form of defense mechanism you set up, see to it that you speak out! Do not mumble or whisper. Your attention is directed to the glossary in the back of the book, Use it sparingly, if at all. With few exceptions, all the words are made clear in the lesson texts, and only occasionally have we sneaked a new one into the THINKING IN SpANIsH exercises, just to keep you on your toes. The authors have enjoyed preparing the Berurrz SeLr-TEacuer, because they are confident that, properly used, it can provide you with a flying start toward a working knowledge of Spanish—and an extra dividend of good, clean fun.NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION Tue Bertrrz Secr-TEACHER: SPANISH presents a pronunciation sy» tem which eliminates completely the bothersome diacritical marks found in many language books. Each Spanish word is respelled in the closest approximation to the most common values of English vowels and consonants. The stressed syllable is printed in sMALL carrrars, Thus, for the word sombrero (hat) the following pronun- ciation is given: sohm-nren-roh Say it aloud and place emphasis on the capitalized syllable. The word pronounces itselftTHE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISHPRIMERA LECCION éQué es esto? Keh ess Ess-toh? What is this? El libro Ja pluma 2Qué es esto? Ell tee-broh lah vLoo-mah Keh ess ss-toh? ‘The book the pen What is this? el Lipiz la caja Es el libro. ell Lan-peeth lah Kau-hah Ess ell Lee-broh. rhe pencil the box It is the book. el papel la Have ZEs esto el lapiz? ell pah-rewn lah Uyan-veh Ess esstoh ell ran-peetht the paper the key Is this the pencil? Si, es el lapiz, 2Es esto Ia caja, seiior? See, ess ell Lan-peeth. Ess rss-toh lah xau-hah, sehn-vour? Yes, it is the pencil. Is this the box, sir? No, sefior, no es a caja, sino la pluma. Noh, sehn-voun, nok ess lak xatthah, see-noh lah rLoo-mah. No, siz, it is not the box, but the pen. 12 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH NOTE to Student; All nouns are either masculine or feminine. If the word has ef before it, it is masculine; if it has Ja, it is feminine. The word es means “it is". The “it” is understood, “Esto” means “this’ when you are indicating an object without specifying whether it is masculine or feminine. Seftor, (sir), seflore (madam) and sefiorita (miss), are used more frequently in Spanish than we use their equivalents in English, Spanish speaking people are, at least in their language, more polite than we are. La silla Ja mesa Lan sersyah dah mxrrsah The chair the table la lampara la puerta lah Laum-pah-rah lah pwenn-tah the lamp the door la ventana el cuadro lah vehn-taw-nah ell xwatedroh the window the picture Sefiorita, zes esto la limpara o Ia sila? Sehn-yoh-ReE-tah, ess ESstok lah LAUM-pal-rah oh lah skEL-yah? Miss, is this the lamp or the chair? Es la silla, seior. 2Qué es esto? Ess lah seei-yah, schn-vour. Keh ess rss-toh? It is the chair, sir, What is this? Es la pared el piso Ess lah pahnen ell pee-soh Te is the wall the floor el cielo raso 1Muy bien! ell th’yen-loh Ran-soh iMwee b’yEHN! the ceiling Very well! L 2 3 4 5 uno dos tres cuatro cinco oo-noh dohs trehs k'wAH-troh ‘THEEN-koh HINTS on Pronunciation: Spanish pronunciation is casys but the stress on the syllable is sometimes a bit worrisome. The stress usually comes on the syllable before the last. We have indicated stress by separating the syllables in our ap- proximate pronunciation, and setting in small capitals the ‘one stressed. DO NOT FORGET: Spanish uses an upside-down question mark before a question to show jou that a question is coming.THE BERLITZ SELF- CHER: SPANISH 3 THINKING IN SPANISH See whether you can identify the following articles in Spanish. Answers may be found on page 253. 1. Qué es esto? 2, ¢Es esto el libro? 8. gEs esto la caja? 4, Es esto la mesa? 5, gEs esto el papel? 2Qué €s esto? o F gs esto la Mimpara? oe . 2Es esto ta sila? 9, Qué es esto? 10, Qué es esto? 11, Fs esto la ca 12. gBs esto Ia lave? 15. Qué es esto? 14, Es esto el libro? 15. gEs esto la pared?LECCION 2 La ropa Lah Rrou-pah Clothing El saco el sombrero el pantalén Ell san-koh ell sohm-anen-roh ell pahn-tah-Loun The jacket the hat the trousers el abrigo el traje la falda ell ah-seee-goh ell TRAWhch lah raut-dah the overcoat the suit or dress the skirt Ja cartera lah kahr-vewerah the pocket-book 2Es esto el sombrero? Si, sefior, es ¢l sombrero, Ess ess-toh ell sohm-nren-roh? See, sehn-vour, ess ell sohm-pren-roh, Is this the hat? Yes, sir, it is the hat. ZEs esto el saco o el pantalén? Es el saco. Ess xss-toh ell sarckoh oh ell pahn-tah-Loun? Ess ell sanchoh. Js this the jacket or the trousers? It is the jacket. 4THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 5 NOTE to Student: Sr., Sra., and Srta. are abbreviations often found in print for Sefior, Sefora, or Senorita. The abbreviation is capitalized. Traje: means either “dress” or “suit.” v Media: can mean either “sock” or “stocking.” el dinero Ia corbata ell dee-nzn-roh lah kohr-nawtah the money the tie el reloj la camisa ell rekon lah kah-stee-sah the watch the shirt la media el guante lah senv-yah ell gw'aun-teh the stocking the glove el pafiuelo ell pahn-yoo-r#-loh the handkerchief 2Qué es esto, la cartera o el dinero? Keh ess xss-toh, lah kahr-res-rah oh ell dee-new-roh? What is this, the pocket-book or the money? Es el dinero. Excelente! {Hasta mafianal Ess ell dee-Neit-roh. Ehk-theh-Len-teh! Aus-tah mahn-yannah! It is the money. Excellent! Until tomorrow! G HINTS on Pronunciation: You have probably heard some- thing about the difference between “Castilian” and South American” Spanish. This is a misconception inasmuch as the name of the language is castellano, as well as espafiol. However, there are certain differences in pronunciation between the spoken language in Spain and in most of Spanish America, although the spoken idiom may be said to be more uniform than American English and British English. The two principal differences in accent are detaited below: Latin America Spain lipiz—Law-pees LAN-peeth cinco—sken-koh tHEEN-hoh6 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 253) 1, Qué es esto? 2. Es el guante o el zapato? 3. ¢Es la corbata o el pafiuelo? 4. Qué es esto? 5. ¢Es cl paiiuclo o el guante? 6. Es el Lipiz? 7. Qué es esto? 8. gs el traje? 9. ¢Es el abrigo? 10, ¢Es el saco o el pantalén? 11, Es el sombrero? 12, ZEs Ja camisa?LECCION 3 ¢De qué color es esto? Deh keh hoh-Lonr ess Ess-toh? What color is this? negro rojo amarillo gris NEHgroh Row-hoh ah-mah-ReeL-yoh greess black red yellow grey blanco pardo verde azul BLAHN-hoh paur-doh venr-deh ah-THOOL white brown green blue El lapiz es pardo. El tcléfono es negro. Ell ran-peeth ess PAuR-doh. Ell teh-Len-foh-noh ess NEH-groh. The pencil is brown, The telephone is black, El libro es azul. El papel es blanco. Ell wex-broh ess ah-tHOOL, Ell pah-renu ess BLABN-coh, The book is blue. ‘The paper is white. El cielo raso es blanco. El sombrero es verde. El th'yen-loh rau-soh ess BLAUN-coh, Ell sohm-paen-roh ess yern-deh, The ceiling is white The hat is green. 78 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER Q SPANISH NOTE: Adjectives of color, like other adjectives, must agree with their nouns in gender. Ex: El libro es rojo, fa pluma €5 roja. Some adjectives have the same form for masculine and feminine such as verde, gris, azul. Ex: El lapiz es azul, la caja es azul. :Qué es esto? Es el libro. De qué color es el libro? Keh ess rss-toh? Ess ell uee-brok, Deh heh koh-vour ess ell LeE-broh? What is this? It is the book. What color is the book? El libro es azul. Ell wxe-broh ess ah-rnoor. ‘The book is blue. 2Qué es esto? Es el cielo raso. Keh ess ess-toh? Ess ell th'vervloh nawsoh. What is this? It is the ceiling. ¢De qué color el ciclo raso? Deh kek koh-Lour ess ell th'yeirloh rassoh? What color is the ceiling? El cielo raso es blanco. Ell th'veu-loh Rawsoh ess BLAUN-koh, The ceiling is white. {De qué color es ¢l sombrero? Es verde. Deh keh koh-oue ess ell sohm-preirroh? Ess venn-deh. What color is the hat? It is green. zEs pardo el Lapiz? Si, sefior, el Lipiz es pardo. Ess vansedoh ell Laupeeth? See, sehn-vour, ell raipeeth ess ranr-doh, Is the pencil brown? Yes, sir, the pencil is brown, 2Es verde el lapiz? Ess veri-deh ell Lawpoeth? Is the pencil green? No, scfior, el Lipiz no es verde. Noh, sehn-vous, ell caupeeth nok ess veundeh. No, sir, the pencil is not green, ZEs negro el lapig No, no ¢s negro. Ess nrivgroh ell Law-peeth? Nok, noh ess xea-groh. Is the pencil black? No, it is not black, {De qué color es el lapiz? El lapiz es pardo. Deh keh koh-Lonness ell au-peeth? Ell Laucpeeth ess pandok. What color is the pencil? ‘The pencil is brown.THE BERLITZ SELF. TEACHER: SPANISH 9 GEs pardo el libro? Fhs paun-doh ell Lex-broh? Is the book brown? De qué colar es el libro? Deh keh koh-Lown ess ell Lex-broh? What color is the book? gDe qué color es el sombrero? No, el libro no es pardo. Noh, ell iee-broh noh ess pann-doh. No, the book is not brown, El libro es azul. Ell vxe-broh ess ah-tnoo1, The book is blue. El sombrero cs verde, Deh keh koh-vour ess ell sohm-axew-roh? Ell sohm-nwetrroh ess veun-deh, What color is the hat? ‘The hat is green. De qué color ¢s el teléfono? Deh kek koh-Lour ess ell (ch-tes-foh-noht What color is the telephone? El teléfono es negro. Ell teh-uew-foh-noh ess NEIgroh. The telephone is black. {De qué color es Ia pluma? Dek keh koh-conr ess lah rLoo-mah? What color is the pen? {De qué color es 1a corbata? Dek keh koh-Loun ess lak kohr-wan-tah? What color is the tic? El libro es azul. Eli ree-brok ess ah-T00L, ‘The book is blue. El lapiz es azul. Ell raw-pecth ess ah-rnoot. ‘The penci) is blue. La corbata es roja. Lah kohrnawtah ess ron-hah, ‘The tie is red, @De qué color es cl papel? Deh keh kol-wonn ess ell pah-rew? What color is the paper? De qué color es la regla? Deh keh koh-vour ess lah rew-glah? What color is the ruler? {De qué color es el lapiz? Deh keh koh-vour ess ell Las-peeth? What color is the vencil? La pluma es negra. Lah rioo-mah ess New-grah- The pen is black. Es roja. Es: rowhah. Te is red. La caja es gris. Lah kauhah ess greess. ‘The box is grey. La pluma es azul. Lah pLoo-mah ess ah-tHOOL The pen is blue. El sombrero es verde. Ell sohm-wnew-roh ess vestedel The hat is green. Es blanco. Ess wiauin-koh, At is white, Es negra. Ess wetegrah, It is black. Es azul. Ess ah-TH00L. It is blue.10 "HE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH ¢De qué color es la pluma? Es azul. Dek keh koh-Lour ess lah PLoo-mah? Ess ah-THOOL, What color is the pen? It is blue. ¢De qué color es el teléfono? Es negro, Deh keh koh-Lown ess ell teh-weufoh-noh? — Ess nun-groh. What color is the telephone? It is black. {De qué color es Ja corbata? Es roja. Deh keh koh-Lowr ess lah kohr-pawtah? Ess nowhah, What color is the tic? It is red. @De qué color es el papel? Es blanco y amarillo, Deh keh koh-tonr ess ell pal-remt? Ess sraun-koh ee ah-mahRee-yok. What color is the paper? It is white and yellow. 6 7 8 9 10 seis siete ocho mueve diez SEH-Ces SYEH-Ieh on-choh NWEH-veh @'YEnT yBuenos dias! jAdios! Bwet-nohs vee-ahs! Ahd-yvous? Good morning! Goodbyet jBuenas noches! Bwet-nahs non-chehs! Good night! (Good evening!)CHER: SPANISH Di ? BERLITZ SELF-T ‘THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 253) 1, Es Ja pluma azul? 2, 2Es la pluma gris? $, De qué color es Ia pluma? roja la pluma? Ja pluma blanca o verde? 6. 2Qué es esto? el Mipiz? 8, 2Es el Mpiz rojo? 9. ds el lipiz blanco? 10, :De qué color ¢s el lépiz? la mesa? 12. :Es la puerta? 18. 2Qué es esto? 14. Es Ja Mimpara? 15, De qué color es la lampara? 16, Qué es esto? amarillo el libro? 18, gEs negro el libro? 19, Es blanco el libro? 20. 2De qué color es el libro?LECCION 4 Las dimensiones Lahs dee-mehns-you-nehs The dimensions El lapiz negro ¢s largo. Ell tawpeeth nungroh ess Laungoh. The black pencil is long. El lapiz rojo no es largo; es corto. Ell ran-peeth rot-hoh noh ess rauk-goh; ess Konn-toh, The red pencil is not long; it is short. La regla amarilla es larga; Lah wesvglah ah-maheext-yah ss LAuR-gah; ‘The yellow ruler is long; Ja regla negra es corta. lah rew-glah New-grah ess KonR-tah, the black ruler is short. gEs largo el lapiz negro? ZEs corto el lapiz negro? Ess taun-goh ell tan-peeth Nes-groh? Ess xoun-toh ell Lan-peeth went groh? Is the black pencil long? Is the black pencil short? 12EACHER: SPANTSH 13 THE BERLITZ SE gEs corto el lipiz rojo? Ess xour-toh ell Lau-peeth Ron-hoh? Is the red pencil short? 2Es largo 0 corto el lapiz negro? Ess Laur.goh oh xonx-toh ell Lau-peeth NEu-groh? Is the black pencil short or long? El libro pardo es ancho; Ell uee-broh paur-doh ess ANN-choh; The brown book is wide; el libro rojo no es ancho, es estrecho. ell LeE-broh ROH-hoh noh ess aun-choh, ess ess-TREH-choh, the red book is not wide, it is narrow. La avenida es ancha; Ja calle es estrecha. Lah ah-vel-nex-dah ess aun-chah; lah KAHL-yeh ess ess-rrenchah, The avenue is wide; the street is narrow. gEs ancha la avenida? gEs estrecha Ia calle? Ess aun-chah lah ah-veh-nes-dah? Ess ess-trun-chah lak xani-yeh? Is the avenue wide? Is the street narrow? El libro pardo es largo y ancho, es grande. Ell vex-broh ranwdoh ess Lann-goh ee aun-choh, ess GRAHN-deh, ‘The brown book is long and wide, it is large. El libro rojo es corto y estrecho, €s pequefio. Ell :ex-broh now-hoh es KouR-toh ce esstREHChoh, ess peh-KeHN-yoh. The red book is short and narrow, it is small. La ventana es grande, Ja mesa es pequefia. Lah vehn-rau-nah ess Graun-deh, lah mettsah ess peh-Kenn-yah. The window is large, the table is small. ¢Es grande el libro verde? Ess Graun-deh ell vee-broh veur-deh? Is the green book large? De qué color es el libro pequefio? Deh keh koh-Loue ess ell tex-broh peh-xenn-yoh? What color is the small book? gDe qué color ¢s el libro grande? Deh keh koh-Lour ess ell LEE-broh GRann-deh? What color is the large book? 2s grande la mesa? 2Es pequefia la puerta? Ess Graun-deh lah Mut-sah? Ess pelrxeun-yah lah pwenn-taht Is the table large? Is the door small?144. THE BERLITZ iL once ouN-theh LF-TEACHER: SPANISH gEs grande el papel rojo? Ess GRAHN-deh ell pah-PEL. RoW-hoh? Is the red paper large? De qué color es el libro pequefio? Deh keh kol-iour ess ell Lex-broh peh-Keun-yoh? What color is the sinall book? De qué color es el libro grande? Deh keh koh-Loun ess ell LeE-broh GRansedeh? What color is the large book? eEs grande el Brasil? Ess craun-deh ell Brak-seen? Is Brazil lacge? 2Es Cuba grande 0 pequefia? Ess xoo-bah oraun-deh oh pel-reunyah? Is Guba large or small? gEs México grande o pequefio? Ess MEn-hee-koh GRantedeh or pel-nenn-yoh? Is Mexico large or small? 12 13 14 15 doce trece catorce quince boH-thelt TREH-thelt kah-rour-theh — REeN-theh jBuenas tardes! Bwen-nahs tann-dehs! Good afternoon!THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 15 THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 254) largo el libro rojo? :Es ancho? 8. 2Es grande? Es corto el libro verde? Es estrecho? 6, Es pequefio? 7. De qué color es el libro grande? De qué color es el libro pequefio? 9, aDe qué color es el traje largo? 10, Es rojo? s largo el traje negro? 3 corto? e qué color es el traje corto? 14, Es negro o verde? 15. 2s Ja ventana larga azul o parda? qué color es la ventana ancha? s gris? 3 larga la ventana roja? 2Es ancha o estrecha Ja ventana azul? 20. 2l 22. s grande la ventana azul? s pequefia la ventana roja? zEs parda o roja la ventana pequefia? 2Es azul o verde la ventana grande?LECCION $ ¢Quién es? K’YEHN ess? Who is it? Un sefior (un caballero), una sefiora, Oon sehn-vour (oon kak-bahlven-roh), oo-nah sehn-vor-rah, A gentleman, a lady, una sefiorita. oo-nah sehn-yoh-res-tah. a young lady. Este caballero es el sefior Berlitz; Ess-teh kah-bahl-ver-roh ess ell sehn-vour Bennteets; This gentleman is Mr. Berlitz; esta sefiora es la sefiora Berlitz; gss-tah sehn-vou-vah ess lah sehn-vor-rah Beur-leets; this lady is Mrs. Berlitz; esta sefiorita es la sefiorita Berlitz. Esttah sehn-yoh-nrr-tah ess lah sehn-yoh-nee-tah Brur-leets. this young lady is Miss Berlitz. zEs este caballero el Sr. Berlitz? Ess ess-teh kah-bahl-veu-roh ell sekn-vour Brun-leets? Is this gentleman Mr, Berlitz? 16BERLITZ SELF-TEACH SPANISH v7 Si, él es, No, (él) no es. See, ell ess, Noh, (ell) nok ess. Yes, he is. No, he is not. 2Es esta sefiora la Sra, Berlitz? Ess ¥sstah sehn-vor-rah lah sehn-vor-rah Benn-lects? Is this lady Mrs. Berlitz? Si, sefior, ella es. No, (ella) no es. See, sehn-vou, ent-yah ess. Noh, (x1n-yah) noh ess. Yes, sir, she is, No, she is not. JEs este sefior el Sr. Lépez? No... Ess essteh sehn-vour ell sehn-vour Low-pehth? Noh. Is this gentleman Mr. Lopez? No... dBs el Sr. Galdés? Ess ell sehn-vour Gahl-pous? Is he Mr, Galdos? 2s el Sr, Méndez? Ess ell sehn-voun Mesm-dehth? Is he Mr. Méndez? 2Quién es este sefior? eQuién es esta sefiora? K’venn ess Ess-teh sehn-vouR? K’VeEMN ess ESS-tah sehn-vou-rah? Who is this genueman? Who is this lady? Este sefior es el Sr, Pérez. Ess-teh sehn-vour ess ell sehn-voun Pen-rehth. This gentleman is Mr. Perez. Esta sefiora es la Sra. Villa, Ess-tah sehn-vou-rah ess lah schn-vourah Vext-yah. This lady is Mrs. Villa, Esta seforita es la Srta. Fuentes. Ess-tah sehn-yoh-ree-tah ess lah sehn-yoh-ree-tah Fwrun-tehs. ‘This young lady is Miss Fuentes. Usted es el Sr. Fulano. Yo soy el Sr. Berlitz. Oos-renp ess ell sehn-voun Foo-rat-noh. Yoh soy ell sehn-vorr Benrleets. You are Mr. Fulano. Iam Mr. Berliu. Usted es el alumno. Yo soy el profesor. Oos-reup ess ell ah-LOOM-noh. Yoh soy ell proh-fek-sour. You are the pupil. I am the teacher.18 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH gEs Ud. el Sr. Ortiz? Ess oos-Ten ell sehn-vour Ohr-TEETH? Are you Mr, Ortiz? Si, yo soy el Sr, Ortiz. See, yoh soy ell sehn-vour Ohr-TEETH. Yes, Lam Mr, Ortiz. {Soy yo el Sr. Jiménez? Soy yoh ell sekn-vour Hee-mewnehth? Aim I Mr, Jimenez? No, Ud. no es el Sr, Jiménez. Noh, oos-renp noh ‘ess ell schn-vour Hee-men-nehth, No, you are not Mr. Jimenez, 2Quién soy yo? ¢Quién es Ud? K’YEMN soy yoh? K-YEUN ess cos TEND? Who am I? Who are you? REMEMBER; Ud. is the abbreviation for usted, You must preface the word Sr. and Sra, with el or /a unless you are talking directly ta someone. Ex.; “Good morning, Mr. Parra.” Buenos dias, Sr. Parra, “She is Mrs, Oritz.” Elta es la Sra. Ortiz. 2Quién es esta sefiora? Fs la Sra. Cérdoba. K’venn ess ess-tah sehn-vor-rah? — Ess lah sehn-vorrrah Koun-doh-bah. Who is this lady? She is Mrs. Cérdoba. eQuién es el Sr. Cucalén? Ud. ex. K’veun ess ell sehn-vour Koo-kah-toux? — Oos-renp ess. Who is Mr, Cucalén? You are. 2Quién es la Srta, Quevedo? Kvenn ess lah schnyoh-ee-tah Keh-vewdoh? Who is Miss Quevedo? Yo soy la Srta, Quevedo. Yoh soy lah sehn-yol-ree-tah Keh-ven-doh. I am Miss Quevedo, 2Quién soy yo? Ud. es el Sr. Berlitz, K’yenn soy yoh? Oosret ess ell schn-vour Benrtects. Who am I? You are Mr. Berlitz. @Quién es esic caballero? Es el Sr, Pé&ex. K'venn ess ess-teh kah-bahl-ver-roh? Ess ell sehn-vour Pew-rehth, Who is this gentleman? He is Mr. Pérez.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHE SPANISH 19 2Quién es esta senora? Es la Sra, Villa. KivEHN ess ESs-tah sehn-YOHR-ah? Ess lah sehn-vow-rah Vert-yah. Who is this lady? She is Mrs. Villa. 2Quién es esta seflorita? Es la Srta. Fuentes, Keveun ess ess-tah sehn-yoh-rer-tah? Ess lah sehn-yoh-Reetah FWEHN-tehs Who is this young lady? She is Miss Fuentes. Yo soy espaiiol, Ud. es norteamericano. Yoh soy ess-pahn-yout. Oos-rEuD ess NoHR-teh-ah-meh-ree RAH NO, J am Spanish. You are North American. El Sr. Rivera es mexicano, Ell sehn-voun Ree-ven-rah ess meh-hee-xan-noh. Mr, Rivera is Mexican, El Sr. Torres es peruano. Ell sehn-voun Tow-rrehs ess pehr-wan-noh. Mr. Torres is Peruvian. NOTE to Student: It is not necessary in Spanish to use the personal pronoun. To say "I am Mexican”, you may say, Yo soy mexicano or Soy mexicano. It is the verb form that shows who is speaking. This is very convenient for abbre viated speech, eSoy yo norteamericano? Soy yoh nonk-tehah-meh-reekanoh? Am I North American? No, sefior, Ud. no es norteamericano; Noh, sehn-vour, oos-rTEp noh ess NOHR-teh-ah-meh-ree-KAH-noh; No, sir, you are not North Ameri Ud. es espaiiol. 2Es Ud. espaiiol? 00S-TEND ess ess-pahn-YOuL. Ess oos-Tenp ess-pahn-vouu? you are Spanish. Are you Spanish? No, seiior, yo no soy espafiol; Noh, sehn-vonr, yok nok soy ess-pahn-voun No, sir, I am not Spanish; Yo soy norteamericano. Yoh soy nour-teh-ah-meh-ree-KAH-noh, Tam North American, 2Es cl Sr, Rivera argentino? Ess cil Sehn-vour Ree-veH-rah ahr-hehn-TEE-noh? 1s Mr. Rivera Argentinian?20 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH No, sefior, él no es argentino; cs mexicano. Noh, sehn-vour, ell noh ess ahr-hehn-rEe-noh; ess meh-hee-Kasnoh, No, sir, he is not Argentinian; he is Mexican, 16 7 18 diez y seis diez y sicte diez y ocho d’yelith ce sesvess d’yehth ce s'yen-teh d’yehth ee o1-choh 19 20 diez y nueve veinte d’yehth ee NWEH-vEh Vain-teh An Old Spanish Custom: You have noticed above that we have used the word norteamericano (North American) to mean an inhabitant of the United States. Latin Americans are inclined to resent the United States monopolizing the word “American.” They feel, with justice, that they are as truly American as anyone else. Therefore for politeness sake, U. 8. citizens should call themselves norteamericanos, To say “Mrs. Ortiz" we have used la Sra. Ortiz. But you will hear very often la Sra. de Ortiz, This means the Sefiora of Ortiz or belonging to Ortiz, Both forms are current, “A gentleman" is un sefior or un caballero. Caballero, with its connota- tion of “horseman” ot “knight” is even more polite than sefior. The title in front of the name, however, is always Sr.LF-TEACHER PANISH THE BERLITZ = ‘THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 254) 1. .Quién es Ud? 2, {Es Ud. norteamericano? 3. dEs Ud. el profesor? 4. ¢Es Ud. cubano? . Soy yo el Sr. Berlitz? 6, Soy yo el profesor? eo 7. ;Soy yo mexicano? 8. Soy yo norteamericano? 9, ¢Es Carmen Miranda brasilera? 10. :Fs mexicana Dolores del Rio? Maurice Chevalier cubano? Quién es norteamericano, Ma 13. gEs el Sr. Churchill aleman o inglés? 14. ga Sra, de Perén, ¢s argentina o china? 15. ZEs el profesor espaiiol? 21 ice Chevalier o el general MacArthur?LECCION 6 ¢Cual es? Kwahl ess? Which one is it? Este sombrero es negro; ese sombrero es verde; Ess-teh sohin-wren-roh ess NEW-groh; — Ess-eh sohm-nren-roh ess veur-deh; ‘This hat is black; that hat is green; aquel sombrero es gris. 2Qué sombrero es negro? ah-KeML sohm-ureitroh ess greess. —_Keh sohm-anntrroh ess Nest-groh? that hat is grey. Which hat is black? ote. Qué sombrero es verde? Ese, Ess-teh, Keh sohm-ares-roh ess veurdeh? Essseh. This one. Which hat is green? That one. Qué sombrero es gris? Aquél. Keh sohm-anewroh ess grees? Alves. thich hat is grey? ‘That one. 22THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 28 Esta regla es negra; Ess-tah Reaeglah ess Nengrahy ‘This ruler is black; aquella regla es blanca, ai-kenL-yah REH-glah ess BLAHN-Rah, that ruler is white. esa regla es amarilla, Essah REH-glah ess ch-mah-REEL-yah, that ruler is yellow, 2Qué regla es negra? Keh retrglah ess New-grah? Which ruler is black? 2Qué regla es amarilla? Esa. . Keh reuglah ess ah-mah-Reec-yah? Essah. ‘This one. Which ruler is yellow? ‘That one. 2Qué regla es blanca? Aquélla. Keh neivglah ess BLAUN-kah? Ah-xent-yah, Which ruler is white? ‘That one. Exte es mi libro, Ess-teh ess mee Lee-broh, This is my book, Su libro de Ud., 500 Lee-broh deh oos-ixup, your book, el libro del Sr...... .(su libro) ell Lxe-broh dehl sehn-vour...... (soo LEE-brolt) the book of Mr....... (his book) Sista es mi pluma, su pluma, Ess-tah ess mee pLoo-mah, 500 PL.0O-mah, This is my pen, your pen, la pluma de Ja Sra. Calderén, lak v100-mah deh lah sehn-vonrah Kaht-deh Roun, Mrs, Calderon's pen, su sombrero de Ud., foo ohmaxet-roh deh oos-TEND, your hat, 2Qué es esto? Kch ess Ess:toh? What is this? 2Es éste el guante del Sr. Mena? (su pluma), (500 PLOO-mah), (her pen), el sombrero del Sr.,....... ell sohm-prew-roh dehl sehn-your, ... the hat of Mr......... Es mi libro, Ess mee Lex-broh. It is my book. Ess essteh ell Gwann-leh dehl sehn-vour Metnah? ls this Mr. Mena’s glove? Si, es su guante (de él). See, ess soo Gwann-teh (deh ell). Yes, it is his glove. tEs éste mi libro? Ess essteh mee Lee-broh? Is this my book? Si, sefior, es su itibro de Ud. See, sehn-vour, ess soo Lex-broh deh oos-renm Yes, sir, it is your book.24 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 2Es éste su traje o su cuello? Ess uss-teh soo TRAIeh Oh soo KWEHL-Oh? Is this your suit or your collar? No es mi taje ni mi cuello; es mi paiiuelo, Nok ess mee TRateheh nee mee KWwEML-yoh; ess mee pahn-yoo-En-loh. It is neither my suit nor my collar; it is my handkerchief. NOTE to Student: ‘The possessives “his,” “her” and “your” are all expressed by su. If there is any confusion about whose hat or book you mean, you can always qualify it by adding de Ud., de él, or de ella, after the article in question, Do not be confused by the extra demonstrative adjectives and pronouns in Spanish. In English we have two: “this” and “that", But in Spanish there are three: este, ese, aguel (“this", “that” and “that over there”, respectively). They also have their feminine forms, esta, esa, and aquella, When they arc used alone, without a noun, they have an accent over the “e”. Este sombrero es azul. “This hat is blue." Es éste su som brero? “Is this your hat?" eDe quién es este sombrero? Deh k’veny ess xss-teh sohim-nnencroh? Whose is this hat? Es del Sr. Mena. Es de Ia Sra. Diaz. Ess dehl sehn-youn Mrn-nah, Ess deh lah sehn-you-rah Dex-ahth. It is Mr. Mena’s. It is Mrs. Dia: eEs éste su lapiz de Ud? No, sefior. Ess rssich soo tau-pecth deh oos-ten? Noh, sehn-vour. Is this your pencil? No, sir. eCual es su lipiz de Ud? se. Kwahl ess soo tan-pecth deh oos-teupt Esch. Which is your pencil? ‘That one. 2Es ésta mi pluma? No, sefiora. Ess vss-tah mee PLoo-mah? Noh, sehn-vou-rvah, Is this my pen? No, madam, ¢Cual es mi pluma? Esa es. Kwahl ess mee pLoo-mah? Essah ess. Which is my pen? ‘That is. gEs éste el sombrero del Sr, Méndez? Ess ess-teh ell sohm-srewroh dehl sekn-vour Menn-dehth? Is this Mr, Mendez’ hat? No, no es su sombrero. Noh, noh ess soo sohm-bREM-T0h. No, it is not his hat.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 2% Cual es el sombrero del Sr. Méndez? waht ess ell sohm-2ren-roh deh! sehn-your Mrun-dehth? Which is Mr. Mendez’s hat? Aquél. 2Cual es mi lapiz? fete, AlpXEHL. Kwahtl ess mee van-peeth? Ess-teh. ‘That one. Which is my pencil? This one. sCual es su guante de Ud? Be Kwahl ess soo awaun-teh deh oosren? Esch, Which is your glove? That soe: 2Cual es el guante de fa seitorita Gonzalez? Kwall ess ell cwann-teh deh lah sehn-yoh-er-tah Gohn-ruanlehth? Which is Miss Gonzalez’ glove? Aquél es. Al-KEUL @ss. That is. Qué libro es rojo? Este, Keh Lee-broh ess row-hoh? Ess-teh, Which book is red? ‘This one. AEs éste el libro rojo? Si, sefior. Ess ess-teh ell Lee-brok Rou-hoh? See, sehn-vour. Js this the red book? Yes, sir. ¢Cual es el libro azul? Kwahl ess ell vex-broh eh-1Hoow? Which is the blue book? al 22 23 veintiuno veintidés veintitrés vain-tec-0O-noh vain-fee-DOHS vain-tee-TREHS 24 25 yeinticuatro veinticinco: vain-lee-nwan-troh vain-tee-THEEN-koh 5 REMEMBER; Qué and cud! both mean “what” or “which”, Cudl must be used alone. Ex: “Which tie is red?” ;Qué corbata es roja? “Which pencil is red?" {Qué lépiz es rojo? “Which is blue?" jCudl es azul? “What is the capital of Perti?" gCudi es la capital del Perti? “What is this?" ¢Qué ge es esto? When de house," es de and el come together, they become del. Ex: “This is Mr. Govea's Esta es la casa del Sr. Govea. But notice, “This is his house.” Esta “H casa de él, Here él (note accent) is a pronoun, not an article, and ence does not combine with de.26 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER ‘THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 254) 1. Es negro el sombrero del profesor? 2. gEs negro el sombrero de Pablo? 8. De qué color cs su sombrero de Ud? 4, 2Es mi sombrero verde? 5, aEs pequefia la cartera de Doiia Felicidad? 6, ¥ la cartera de Chiquita, ges grande? 7. Este lipiz es azul, ése es verde, y aquél es amarillo. ¢Es este lipiz azul? 8. ¢Es aquel lapiz gris? 9, Qe qué color es su pafiuelo de Ud? 10. Es su casa grande 0 pequefa? I. Es ése su libro? 12. gDe qué color es el sombrero del profesor? 13. gEs larga Ia falda de Dojia Felicidad? 1M, Es corta la falda de Chiquita?LECCION 7 ¢Dénde esta? Doun-deh ess-TAH? Where is it? ee El libro esté encima de la mesa. Ell uei-broh essrau enn-tuee-mah deh lah meu-sah, The book is on the table. La caja esté debajo de la mesa, Lah Kawhoh ess-tau deh-naw-hoh deh lah scew-sah, ‘The box is under the table. El libro es rojo. Ell Lex-broh ess Row-hoh. ‘The book is red. El lapiz es largo. Ell wai-peeth ess Laun-goh. The pencil is long. El lipiz esta debajo de la mesa. Ell Lan-peeth ess-tan deh-nan-hoh deh lah mex-sah, The pencil is under the table. 2728 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH Yo soy el profesor, Yo estoy delante de la puerta. Yoh soy ell proh-feh-sonr, Yoh ess-toy deh-taun-teh deh lah PwEHR-toh, Tam the teacher. Tam in front of the door. Ua. es el alumno. Cos-reuD ess ell ah-Loomenoh. You are the pupil. ‘Ud. est4 detras de la mesa. Oos-rEenp ess-TAH deh-rraus deh lah men-sah, You are behind the table. El Sr. Pérez es espaiiol. Ell sehn-vour Pew-rehih ess ess-puhn-YOHL. Mr, Pérez is Spanish. El est4 entre Ud. y yo. Ell ess-TAH ENN-treh Gos-rEHD ec yoh. H¢ is between you and me. Esta seiiora cs espaiiola. Ellla esta sentada. Ess-tah sehn-vou-rah ess ess-pahn-vou-lah, — Ext-yah essrant sehn-ran-dah, ‘This lady is Spanish. She is seated. Esta sciiorita es francesa. Esta de pié, Ess-tah sehn-yoh-rer-tah ess frahn-rHen-sah, Esstan deh pee-En. This young lady is French. She is standing. NOTE to Student: Spanish has two entirely distinct verbs for the verb “to be”. For the present, simply remember that estoy and estd are used for the position or location of objects and persons, and soy and es are used for description ot identification. “he dog is under the automobile"— s Caracas in Venezucla?”—Esté Caracas en Venezuela? “Where am 1?"—jD6nde estoy? And for description:— “I am the professor’: Soy el profesor. “Mexico is beautiful”, México et hermoso. E\ libro esta encima de la mesa. Ell .ee-broh esstau enn-THEE-mah deh lah metsah, The book is on the table, El lapiz est debajo de la mesa. Ell rau-peeth ess-rau deh-naichoh deh leh mutvsah. ‘The pencil is under the table. El sombrero esta sobre la silla. Ell sohm-preu-rof ess-ran sou-breh lah sret-yah, ‘The hat is on the chair.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 29 La caja esta debajo de la mesa. Lah xAthah ess-tAH dehnatchoh deh lah meu-sah. ‘The box is under the table. La pluma esta dentro de la caja. Lah pLoo-mah ess-tau pEnn-troh deh lah KAu-hah, The pen is in the box, El papel esta dentro del libro. Ell pah-Pent, ess-TAH DEHN-troh dehl LeE-broh, ‘The paper is in the book. gEstd el libro encima de 1a silla? Ess-Tau ell Lee-broh enn-tnex-mah deh lah seeL-yah? Is the book on the chair? No, no esta encima de la sila, Nok, noh ess-ran enn-turt-mah deh lah seei-yah No, it is not on the chair. gEsta debajo de la mesa? No oss Ess-tan deh-watehoh deh lak mEn-sah? Noh. Is it under the table? NO sce gDénde esta el libro? Esti encima de la mesa, poun-deh ess-taH ell Lee-broh? Ess-ran enn-rHer-mah deh lah MEH-sahy Where is the book? It is on the table. {Donde esta la caja? Debajo de la mesa. born-deh ess-TAH lah RAH-hah? Deh-wan-hoh deh lak MEn-sah, Where is the box? Under the table. eDonde esta la pluma? Dentro de la caja. bonn-deh ess-TaH lah PLoo-mah? = Deun-troh deh lah KAW-hah. Where is the pen? Inside the box. iDénde esta el libro? Sobre la silla. Doun-deh ess-ran ell Lee-bro? Son-breh iah seeiyah. Where is the book? On the chair. Donde esté su sombrero de Ud? Douin-deh esau soo sohm-brenyoh deh 9os-TEnD? Where is your hat? Mi sombrero esta encima de la mesa. Mee sohm-wreavroh ess-Tan enn-THee-mah deh lah mex-sah, My hat is on the table. La puerta est delante de mi. Lah pwenr-tah ess-tan deh-Laun-teh deh mee. The door is in front of me.30 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH La ventana esta decris de mi. Leh vehn-tan-nah ess-tan deh-TRans deh mee. The window is behind me, La mesa esta delante de Ud, Lah mevc-sah ess-tan deh-Laun-teh deh oos-Tenp, ihe table is in front of you. La pared esté detrds de mi. Lah poh-nes ess-rau deh-rans deh mee. The wall is behind me. @Dénde esta la puerta? Delante de Ud. Doun-deh essvan lah PWwEuR-tah? Deh-Laun-teh deh oos-TEND. Where is the door? In front of you. 2Dé6nde esta la ventana? Detras de mi. Donn-deh ess-ran lah vehn-Tan-nah? Deh-rnans deh mee. Where is the window? Behind me. 2Dénde esti la mesa? Doun-deh ess-tan lah Men-sah? Where is the table? La mesa esté entre Ud. y yo. Lah sesvsah ess-rau ens-ireh oostenp ee yoh. The table is between you and me, eEsté la sila detris de mi? Ess-tau lah seet-yan deh-rraus deh mee? Is the chair behind me? No, sciior, la silla no esta dewras de Ud., Noh, sehn-your, lah seei-yah nok ess-Tau deh-rRans deh 005-TEHD, No, sir, the chair is not behind you, sino entre Ud. y yo. SEE-noh ENN-treh oos-TEMD ee yoh. but between you and me. @Dénde esta el Sr. Méndez? Doun-deh ess-ran ell sehn-voun Maxin-dehth? Where is Mr. Méndez? Esta enue la Sra, Vasquez y la Srta, Rambaldo. Esstau ENN-treh lah sehn-vou-rah Vawtn-kehth ee lah sehn-yoh-ree-tah Rahm-paut-doh, He is between Mrs. Vazquez and Miss Rambaldo.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 31 | Sr, Toro entre la puerta y la ventana? oe ell sehn-youn Towroh ENN-treh la pwesr-tah ee lah vehne ‘rasenah? Js Mr. ‘Toro between the door and the window? No, sefior, no esti. Donde esta? Nok, sehrevour, noh estan, Donin-deh ess-tau? No, sir, he is not. Where is he? Yo soy el profesor; Yok soy ell proh-feh-sour; I am the teacher; yo estoy de pié delante de la puerta, - yoh estoy deh piven deb-tany-teh deh lah pwenn-tah. Tam standing in front of the door. Ud. es el alumno; Oos-renn ess ell ah-Loon-noh; You are the pupil; Ud. esti sentado detras de la mesa, cosTenD comran sehn-randoh deh-trans deh Iah mersah. you are sitting behind the table. La sefiora Gémez es espaiiola: Lah sehn-vorrah Goremehth ess ess-pahn-vorlahy Mrs. Gémez is Spanish; esta sentada delante de la ventana. ess-tan sehin-van-dah deh-Laundteh deh lah vehn-rawnah. she is sitting in front of the window. eQuién soy yor Ud. es el profesor. K’vrun soy yok? Oas-renn ess ell proh-fel-sour Who am 1? You are the teacher. Dande estoy yo? Donw-deh €S8-TOY yok? Wheream 1p” Ud. Oo; Yo |. est delante de la puerta. TEND estan del-tann-teh deh lah rwenr-tah. ts are in front of the door.32 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH gEstoy yo de pié o sentado? Ud. esta de pié. Ess-toy yok deh p'ven oh sehn-Tan-doh? Oos-Trno ess-Tan deh p'vEH, Am I standing or sitting? You are standing. eQuién es Ud? Yo soy el alumno. K'YEHN ess oos-rEHD? Yoh soy ell ah-.oon-noh, Who are you? I am the pupil. eDénde esti Ud.? Estoy dentro de la clase. Doun-deh ess-Tan o08-TRHD? Ess-toy peun-troh deh lah RLAwseh, ‘Where are you? I am inside the classroom. gEsta Ud, ile pid? Ess-ran oos-tenw deh p'vEn? Are you standing? No, sefior, no estoy de pié sino sentado, Noh, sehn-vour, noh esstoy deh p'yen, see-noh sehn-van-doh, No, sit, I am not standing but sitting. Dénde esta Ud, sentado? Donn-deh ess-tant oos-renp sehn-tan-doh? Where are you sitting? Estoy sentado detris de la mesa, Ess-toy sehn-rati-doh def-raans deh lah seertsah. {am sitting behind the table. 2Esta la sefiorita de pig? Ess-tan lah sehn-yoh-ree-tah deh p'ven? Is the young lady standing? No, no esta de pié, esta sentada. Noh, noh ess-rau deh p'ven, ess Tan sehn-ran-dah. No, she is not standing, she is sitting. Dénde estoy yo? Ud, esti en el pasillo, Donw-deh esscroy yoh? Oos-renp esv-tan enn ell pah-seri-yoh. Where am 1? You are in the corridor. {Estoy yo dentro del cuarto? Ess-toY yoh venn-troh deh! wwann-toh? Am I inside of the room? No, Ud. no esta denuro del cuarto, sino fuera del cuarto, Noh, oos-reup noh ess-Tau peun-troh dehl Kwawr-loh, SxE-noh FWwen-ta} dehl kwaue-toh, No, you are not inside the room. but outside the room.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 53 REMEMBER: Many prepositions use de as a part of their D constructions. Do not forget to use it. Ex: "He is outside of s the house”:—Estd fuera de la casa. La Habana esti en Cuba, Lah Ah-nainal: ess-tan enn Koo-bah, Havana is in Cuba. Madrid esté en Espaiia. Mah-parrn esetan enn Esswann-yah. Madrid is in Spain. Londres esté en Inglaterra. Loun-drehs ess-tan enn Een-glah-ven-rrah. London is in England. ¢Esté Madrid en Espaiia? Si, esta en Espatia. Esctan Mah-preep enn Essrann-yah? See, estan enn Ess-Pann-yah. Is Madrid in Spain? Yes, it is in Spain. cEsti Paris en Inglaterra? Essetant Pah-nexs enn Een-glah-renavah? Is Paris in England? No, Paris no esta en Inglaterra, sino en Francia. Noh, Pah-nees noh ess-rau enn Een-glah-reu-rrah, see-noh enn FRAUNTH yah. No, Paris is not in England, but in France, Esta Ia Sra, Diaz en este cuarto? Essran lah sehn-yoh-rex-tah Deg-ahth enn Ess-teh RWANR-tOh? 1s Miss Diaz in this room? Si, aqui esta, See, ah-wex ess-ran. Yes, here she is. eEsti el Sr. Zorzilla en cl pasillo? Eee ell sehn-vomn Thoh-exeet-yah enn ell pal-seer-yoh? * Mr. Zorrilla in the corridor? No, sefior, no esta alli, Nol sehn-vorn, nok ess-Tau ahbyer. oO, sir, hi not there.34 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH eDonde esta su libro de Ud.? Aqui esta. Doun-deh ess-ran soo Lee-broh deh oos-TEED? AM-REE es5-TAH, Where is your book? Here it is, eDénde esta 1a ventana? Alli esta. Doun-deh ess-Tan lah vehn-Tan-nah? ARLYEE ess-TAM, Where is the window? There it is. eDénde esté mi sombrero? Aqui esta. Doun-deh ess-Tan mee sohmpres-roh? Ah-KEE ess-TAH. Where is my hat? Here gEsta el Sr. Berlitz aqui? Ess-vau ell sehn-you Benr-leets ah-Kee? ds Mr. Berlitz here? No, no esti aqui, est en México. Noh, noh essvatt ah-xex, No, he is not here, essTaH enn’ Men-hee-koh, he is in Mexico. 26 28 veintiséis yeintiocho vain-tee-sEH-ees vain-tees-VEIL-teh vain-lee-ou-choh 29 30 veintinueve weinta vain-tee-NWEH-Veh ‘TRALN-tah WATCH OUT! Words with more than one meaning are sometimes given accents to show which meaning is intended. ay, 2 Accents should be left off capital letters except in textbooks. Ws él: he or him. el: theTHE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 35 THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 255) 1, Donde esta el libro? 2. zEst4 el libro encima de la mesa? 3. 2Estd el libro debajo de la silla? 4, Donde esti la pluma? 5, Esta Ja pluma delante de la mesa? 6. @Dénde esta Ia silla? 7. Donde esta el profesor? 8, 2Estd el profesor debajo de la mesa? 9. 2st el profesor de pié detrds de Ia mesa? 10. ¢Esta Ud. sentado en Ia sila? M1, 2Esté Ud. de pit delante de la puerta? - 2Estd el papel dentro del libro? 18. zEst4 el papel dentro de la caja? + Donde esta la caja? 15, gEsté la pluma dentro de la caja? 16. ¢Estd Ja ave debajo de Ia silla? 11. Este lipiz es rojo, ese lapiz es negro. De qué color es ese lpiz? 1B. 2s negro ese Lapiz? 19, De qué color es este Lipiz? 20. 2Es este libro grande 0 pequefio?LECCION éQué hace el profesor? Keh au-theh ell proh-feh-sour? What does the professor do? El profesor toma el libro. Ell proh-feh-sonr tou-mah ell Lee-broh, ‘The teacher takes the book. El profesor pone el libro encima de Ia silla. Ell proh-fek-sour roinch ell vee-broh enn-Tuee-mah deh lah seevyah. The teacher puts the book on the chair. El profesor toma la regla. Ell proh-feh-sonr Toumah lah ren-glah, ‘The teacher takes the ruler, Pone Ia regla debajo de la mesa. pouneh lah xen-glah deh-nau-hoh deh lah eu-sah. He puts the ruler under the table. EI profesor Ieva Ja silla a Ja yentana. EU proh-feh-soun U'yes-vah lah seei-yah ah lah vehn-taunah, ‘The teacher takes the chair to the window. 36THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 87 oma el profesor el libro? oenak ell proh-feh-sour ell Lee-broh? Docs the teacher take the book? toma el libro; toma el lapiz. pie nh ssou-mah ell Lee-broh; ToH-mah ell Lan-peeth. No, be does not take the book; he takes the pencil, la caja? No, no toma Ia caja. enh lah xahah? Noh, noh tou-mah lah Kau-hah, Does he take the box? No, he does not take the box. Toma la regla? No. fommah lah xewglah? Noh. Does he take the ruler? No. Qué toma? ‘Toma la pluma. Keh tou-mah? tou-mah lah pLoo-mah. What does he take? He takes the pen. ¢Pone el profesor la pluma encima de la mesa? pornch ell prof-feh-somr lah PLoo-mah enn-tue-mah deh lak mex-saht Does the teacher put the pen on the table? Si, pone la pluma encima de la mesa. See, pou-neh lah PLoo-mah enn-THEE-mah deh lah mEt-sah, Yes, he puts the pen on the table. 2Abre el profesor el libro? Si, abre el libro, Aut-breh ell proh-feh-sonr ell LEe-broh? See, an-breh ell Lxe-broh, Does the teacher open the book? Yes, he opens the book. gAbre la puerta? Si, abre la puerta, Au-brehk lak pwenn-toh? See, ad-breh lah pwenr-tah, Does he open the door? Yes, he opens the door, ¢Cierra el profesor la puerta? TH yeatrrah ell proh-feh-sour lah pwenR-lah? Does the teacher close the door? No, no cierra Ia puerta. Noh, noh th'veu-rrah lah pwenr-tah, No, he does not close the door. Que hace el profesor? Abre la ventana. ath Atttheh ell proh-feh-sour? Aitbreh lah vehn-tan-nah, hat does the teacher do? He opens the window. eLleva el profesor Ja silla al pasi pasillo? Evmatvah ell proh-feh-sow lah seetyah ahi pah-see-yoh? Does the teacher take the chair to the corridor?88 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 2Qué hace el profesor? Lleva Ia silla al pasillo. Keh atviheh ell prohfeh-sour? L'ven-vah lah seet-yah ahl pah-stet-yoh, What does the teacher do? He takes the chair to the corridor, 2Trae el profesor el libro a este cuarto? trance ell proh-feh-sonr ell tem-broh ah Ess-teh KwAUR-(oh? Does the teacher bring the book to this room? No, sefior, no trae el libro. Noh, sehn-vour, noh Trateeh ell ex-broh. No, sir, he does not bring the book, 2Qué trae el profesor? ‘Trae Ia silla. Keh teauceh ell proh-feh-sour? tran-eh lah sert-yah. What does the teacher bring? He brings the chair. El profesor ya a la puerta. El viene a la mesa. Ell proh-feh-sour vah ah lah pweer-tah, Ell v'yen-neh ah lah Mex-sah. ‘The teacher goes to the door, He comes to the table, ¢Va el profesor a la ventana? Vah ell proh-feh-soun alt lah vekn-tau-naht Does the teacher go to the window? gAdénde va? Va a la puerta. Ah-poundeh vah? Vah ah lah pwenr-tah. Where does he go? He goes to the door. 2Viene el profesor a este cuarto? V'ven-neh ell proh-feh-sour ah Ess-teh Rwaur-toh? Does the teacher come to this room? Si, viene a este cuarto, See, v’yEu-neh ah ¥ss-teh Kwanr-toh, Yes, he comes to this room. El profesor cicrra la puerta, Ell proh-feh-soun th'yenrrah lah rwenn-tah. The teacher closes the door. E] profesor abre la ventana. Ell prok-feh-somm aw-breh lah vehn-raunah. ‘The teacher opens the window. NOTE to Student: You have seen that the spelling of the verb changes, especially the ending, according to the sub- ject. The verb itself, however, is usually referred to in the infinitive mood, which corresponds to our English “to be", “to take”, “to put”, etc, Therefore, when you look up # verb in the dictionary, you will find it in the infinitive. In Spanish you can identify this by the word having a final r. The infinitive forms for the verbs we have studied up to now are ser, estar, venir, ir, Hevar, traer, ponet> tomar,THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 39 sQué hace el profesor? Koh an-theh ell prof-feh-soun? What does the teacher do? #1 toma el libro, Ell touemah ell Lee-broh, He takes the book. HJ pone el libro sobre la mesa. Ell rowneh ell wxe-broh sou-breh lak weeusah. He puts the book on the table. BI abre Ia puerta. ¥1 cierra Ia ventana. Ell awcbreh lah pweumtah. Ell th'yeu-rrah lah vehn-tat-nah. He opens the door. He closes the window. fl Heva el periédico a la puerta. Ell Pyrmvah ell pekr-vou-dee-koh ah lah pweur-tah. He takes the paper to the door. El trae la pluma a la mesa, Ell tmarceh lah vLoo-mah ah lah mextsah. He brings the pen to the table. £1 va a Ja puerta, I viene a este cuarto. Ell vah ah lah pwenr-tah. Ell v'yEu-neh ah Ess-teh KWAHR-tO. He goes to the door. He comes to this room. Yo soy el profesor. Yo tomo el libro. Yoh say ell proh-feh-sour. Yoh tou-moh ell tee-broh, Tam the teacher. I take the book. Sr, Mena, tome Ud. el libro. Schn-voux Muttnah, rou-meh oos-renn ell LEx-broh. Mr. Mena, take the book. Ud. toma el libro. El toma el libro, Oos-reny von-mah ell Lee-broh, Ell rou-mah ell Lee-broh. You take the book. He takes the book. Yo Pongo el libro sobre Ia silla, ‘oh vous-goh ell ex-broh sou-breh lah SEEL-yah, I put the book on the chair. Seforit Fernandez, ponga Ud. el libro sobre la mesa, ci yohneetah Fehrxaundehth, POMN-gah oo;-TEHD ell LeE-broh Soi-breh lah seensah, Miss Fernandez, put the book on the table. 2Qué hago yor ¢Toma Ud. el libro? Whar dea oon Tor-mah oos-renn ell tee-broh? Pees Do you take the book?40 E BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH Si, yo tomo el libro. See, yok Tow-moh ell LeE-broh. Yes, I take the book. Tomo yo la caja? No, Ud. no toma la caja. tormoh yok lah Kawhah? Noh, oos-renp noh tor-mah lah xau-hak, Do I take the box? No, you do not take the box. zPone Ud. el libro encima de la silla? Pow-neh oos-reup ell Lex-broh enn-tnen-mah deh lah seet-yah? Do you put the book on the chair? Si, pongo el libro encima de la sila. See, poun-goh ell tee-broh enn-tuer-mah deh lah sev-yah, Yes, I put the book on the chair. No, no pongo cl libro encima de Ia silla. Noh, noh roun-goh ell vee-broh enn-ruze-mah deh lah seev-yah. No, I do not put the book on the chai ¢Pongo yo el dinero dentro de mi bolsillo? Poun-goh yoh ell dee-nen-roh peHN-troh deh mee bohl-seet-yoht Do I put the money in my pocket? No, Ud. no pone el dinero dentro de su bolsillo. Noh, oos-reit» noh vorrneh ell deenetvroh pesy-trok deh soo bohi-sext-yoh. No, you do not put the money in your pocket. Qué hago yo? Od, toma el libro. Keh awgoh yok? Oos-reup rowmah elf Lee-broh. What do I do? You take the book. Tome Ui. el lapiz. Gracias. Tox-meh oos-renp ell vaw-peeth. cranTieyahs. Take the pencil. Thank you. 7 REMEMBER the Imperative: Verbs whose second and third persons end in a form their imperative in e, and vice versa. Ex: “He takes": toma. “Please take": Tome por favor. If the first person ends in go, the g is retained in the im- petative. Ex: “Come here": Venga aqui. Por favor is just one way of saying “please”, You will leara several others. eQué hace Ud? Tomo el lapiz. Keh awtheh oos-reun? Ton-moh ell rau-peeth. What do you do? T take the pencil. 2Abro yo la ventana? Aurbroh yoh lak vehn-ran-nah? Do 1 open the window?THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 4; si, sefior, Ud. abre Ja ventana. See, sehvi-VOUR, OOFTEND AM-breh lah vehn-rattnah, Yes, sir, you open the window, No, Ud. no abre la ventana. Noh, oop teup moh au-breh lah vehn-tawnah, No, you do not open the window. sGierra Ud. Ia pucrta? Si, cierro Ia puerta. Th'vewrrah oos-renp lah Pwaur-tah? See, th'yexroh lah rwenn-tah, Do you close the door? Yes, I close the door. Abra Ud. Ia caja. Qué hace Ud? ‘Aicbrah gosta lak Kaw-hah. Keh atheh oos-veup? Open the box. What do you do? (Yo) abro la caja. (Yok) aubrok lah Kawhah, I open the box. Gierre Ud. Ia caja, por favor. Th'yererreh oosterm lah KAwhah, pohy fah-voun. Close the box, please. 2Qué hace Ud? Cierro Ia caja. Keh au-theh oos-texp? Th'vestrroh lah Kawhah. What do you do? I close the box. Yo voy a Ia puerta, Yoh voy ah lah rwenn-tah, I go to the door. Sr. Diaz, vaya Ud. a Ja ventana, por favor. Sehn-vous Dex-ahth, varryah oos-renp ah lah vehn-tat-nah, pokr fah-vour, Mr. Diaz, go to the window, please Ud. va a la ventana, Oosrenp vah ah lah vehn-tawnah. You go to the window. El Sr. Diaz va ata ventana, Ell sehn-vour Dee-ahth vah ah lah vehn-Tau-nah, Mr. Diaz goes to the window. eVoy yo # la puerta? Voy yoh ah lah pwrnn-tah? T go to the door? Si, sefior, Ud. va ala puerta, 26 Sehn-vour, cos-TEHD vah ah lah PWEHR-tah, ‘*% sit, you go to the door.42. THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH eAdénde va el Sr. Diaz? El yaa Ja ventana, Ah-poun-deh vah ell sehn-your Der-ahth? — Ell vah @h lak vehn-vatrngh, Where does Mr, Diaz go? He goes to the window, Sr. Diaz, zadénde va Ud? Voy a Madrid. Schn-vour Drt-ahth, ahvoun-deh vah oosrenp? Voy ah Mah-onexn, Mr, Diaz, where do you go? 1 go to Madrid, 2Va Ud. a la Habana? No, no voy a la Habana. Vah oos-veup ak lah Ah-pau-nah? — Noh, noh voy ah lah Ah-batt-nah, Do you go to Havana? No, I do not go to Havana. ¢Quién va a la Habana? A’yenn vah ah lah Ah-pannah? Who goes to Havana? La Srta. Quevedo va alli, Lah sehn-yohrex-tah Keh-ven-doh vak ahl-vex. Miss Quevado goes there. Yo vengo del pasillo al cuarto. Yok viun-goh deh! pah-sext-yoh aht RwanR-toh. I come from the corridor to the room. eVoy yo hacia Ud? Voy yok auniyah oosrenp? Do I go towards you? No, seiior, Ud. no viene hacia mi. Noh, sehn-vour, oos-renw nok v'ves-neh autteyah mee. No, sir, you do not come towards me, ¢Hacia quién voy yo? Antiryah K'YEBN voy yoh? Towards whom do I go? Ud. va hacia el Sr. Moreno Oos-reHD vah AuTH-yah ell sehn-vour Mol-REH-noh, You go towards Mr. Moieno. Venga Ud, aqui. {De dénde viene Ud.? VERN-gah 00s-TEHD @h-KEE. Deh voun-deh v'vEn-neh oos-TENDP Come here. Where do you come from? Vengo de la puerta, Vrrx-gok deh lah pwenr-tah, 1 come from the door, Sefior, tome Ud. el papel, por favor, Schn-your, Ton-meh oos-rEnD ell pah-rent, pohr fah-vour. Sir, take the paper, please.THE BERLITZ SELF TEACHER: SPANISH 43 Gracias. Granrityahs. ‘Thank you. Ponga Ud. el papel encima de esta mesa. Porwgah oos-renD ell pah-PEHL enn-rues-mah deh Esstah Mettsah, Put the paper on this table. Lleve Ud. esta silla al pasillo, Livriich oosTEnb ess-tah seetyah ahl pah-seer-yoh, Take this chair to the corridor, Traiga Ud, ese libro a Ja mesa, “Tev-qah oos-TEND ESveh LeE-broh ah lah Mewsah, Bring that book to the table, : Abra Ud. su libro, Cierre Ud. su libro. Aicbrah vos-Tenp soo LeE-broh, Th'yEH-reh oos-TEND $00 LEE-broh, Open your book. Close your book. 2Toma Ud. el libro? Si, (yo) lo tomo. Tor-mah oosrrnp ell txe-broh? See, (yok) loh ton-moh, Do you take the book? Yes, I take it. No, no lo tomo. Noh, nok loh ton-moh. No, I do not take it, ePongo yo la caja encima de Ia mesa? Pous-goh yoh lah KAH-hah enn-Taek-mah deh lah Metso? Do I put the box on the table? Si, Ud. la pone encima de a mes: See, oos-tenp lah pou-neh enn-THEE-mah deh lah Mensah. Yes, you put it on the table. tAbre Ud. su libro? No, no lo abro, Awbreh oos-tenp soo LEE-broh? Noh, noh loh at-broh. Do you open your book? No, I do not open it. 2Gietro yo mi libro? Si, Ud. lo cierra. gu YEH-TYO yok mee LEE-broh? See, oos-reup loh th’'yzrerrah, 0 I close my book? Yes, you close it, No, Ud. no lo cierra, Noh, oostenp noh loh th'ven-rrah. '% you do not close it, ser Ud. su sombrero al pasillo? Sevah 60s-TEND soo sohm-nren-roh ahl pah-sees-yoh? you take your hat to the corridor?44 THE BERLITZ SE EACHE SPANISH No, no Io levo, Noh, noh loh Cyenvoh. No, { do not take it. éTraigo yo mi silla al cuarto? Si, Ud. Ja trae. ‘Try-goh yok mee sret-yah ahl KwaHR-toh? See, oos-renp lah TRAH-eh Do I bring my chair to the room? Yes, you bring it. Yo soy mexicano, El Sr, Churchill es inglés. Yoh soy meh-hee-xaw-noh. Ell sehn-vour Cxoor-cheel ess een-ciens, Iam Mexican. Mr. Churchill is English. Viene de Inglaterra. Vvun-neh deh Een-glah-rew-rrah, He comes from England, Viene el Sr. Garcia de Francia? V'yex-neh ell sehn-vour Gahr-THEE-ah deh FRaunti-yah? Does Mr, Garcia come from France? No, él no viene de Francia, sino del Pert. Noh, ell noh v'vet-neh deh Frauntu-yah, ste-noh dehl Peh-roo. No, he does not come from France, but from Peru. 31 32 33 treinta y uno treinta y dos treinta y tres TRAIN-Iah e¢ 0o-noh ‘arain-lak ee dohs TRauvlak ee trehs 34 35 treinta y cuatro teinta y cinco TRAIN-(ah ce KWAH-Iroh —-TRAIN-tah ee THEEN-koh ay A, / IMPORTANT NOTE: Lo and [a mean “it” when used as a direct object. Ex: "Take it": ;Témelo! “Are you bringing the box?” “Yes, Lam bringing it”: Trae Ud. la caja? Si, yo la traigo. Observe in the ‘above that when lo or la follow the verb, they are written as a part of it i To say, “What do I do?” you say ;Qué hago yo? What you are literally saying is “What make 1?” Spanish has no auxiliary corresponding (0 our “do”.oh wt . Loma el profesor la caja? . Esta el profesor de pié o sentado? . «Cierra el profesor la ventana? |, eAbre Ud. la puerta? |. ¢Abre el profesor la puerta? . @Va el profesor a Nueva . ¢Adénde va el profesor? . @Es la Habana grande . ¢Quién va ala Habana, THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 45 THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 255) 2Qué hace el profesor? {oma ¢l profesor el libro? gone el libro encima de la mesa? Qué hace el profesor? ¢Abre el profesor Ja ventana o Ia puerta? York? ¢Va a Paris? © pequenia? Ud. 0 el profesor?LECCION 9 Contando Kohn-raun-doh Counting 1 5 9: 13 uno cinco nueve trece oo-noh vHeen-koh NWEH-veh ‘TREH-theh one five nine thirteen 2 6 10 “4 dos seis diez catorce dohs SEH-¢es @’yEuTH kah-voun-theh two six ten fourteen 3 ll 15 tres once quince trehs oun-theh xren-theh three eleven fifteen 4 8 12 16 cuatro ocho doce diex y seis RWAIL-Iroh on-choh poi-theh d'venri-ce-seteeet four eight twelve sixteen 46THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH AT Te ier y siete oct riveesvEiteh seventeen 18 diez y ocho qiyenri-ce-o1-choh cighteen 19 diez y nueve @'ventTH-conweMveh nineteen 20 veime vatnteh twenty 21 veintiuno vaint-ee-oo-noh twenty-one 22 veintidés vait-tee-Dons twenty-two 23 veintitrés vain-tee-TREHS twenty-three 30 treinta TRAIN-Lah thirty al feinta y uno THAIN-lah-ec-00-noh thirty-one 32 teinta y dos TRAIN-tah-ee-DOHS thirty-two 40 cuarenta hwah-Renn-tah forty 41 cuarenta y uno hwah-nesn-tah-ee-oomnoh forty-one 50 cincuenta theen-KWwEMN-tah fifty 51 cincuenta y uno theen-RWENN-(ah-e¢-00-n0h fifty-one 60 sesenta sel-senn-tah sixty 61 sesenta y uno seh-seun-tah-ee-oo-noh sixty-one 70 setenta seh-vens-tah seventy 7 setenta y uno sch-renn-tah-cc-oo-noh seventy-one 80 ochenta oh-curny-tah eighty 81 ochenta y uno oh-cHeny-tah-ee-oo-noh eighty-one 90 moventa noh-veHNn-tah ninety 91 noventa y uno noh-veun-tah-ee-oo-nok ninety-one 100 ciento (cien) th'yens-toh (th'vEMN) one hundred 200 doscientos dohs-th'yEssn-tohs two hundred 300 trescientos trehs-th'yEuN-tohs three hundred 400 cuatrocientos xwaretroh-th’vEnn-tohe four hundred 500 quinientos keen-venn-tos five hundred 600 seiscientos stit-ees-th'vEnN-tohs six hundred 700 setecientos seh-teh-th'vEnn-tohs seven hundred 800 ochocientos on-choh-th’yenn-toks eight hundred48 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 900 1000 novecientos mil noh-vehth-yemn-tohs meel nine hundred one thousand 365 trescientos sesenta y cinco trehs-th'yeun-tohs.seh-seun-tah-ee-THEEN-koh three hundred and sixty-five 1949 Mil novecientos cuarenta y nueve Meel noh-vehth-veun-tohs-kwah-Reun-tah-ee-nwen-vay Nineteen hundred forty-nine Contar: Yo cuento, Ud. cuenta. Cuente Ud, Kohn-ranr: Yoh kweun-toh, Oos-reup xwenn-tah, Kweun-teh oos-renp, ‘To count: I count. You count. Count. Uno, dos, tres, cuatro......etc, Oo-noh, dohs, trehs, wwaw-troh....,, eht-ruxu-teh-rah, One, two, three, four. etc, Ud. cuenta desde uno hasta cuatro. Oos-renp Kwenn-tah peisdeh oo-noh ans-tah Kwau-troh, You count from one to four. Yo cuento desde diez hasta quin Yoh xwenn-toh pensdch d’ye1 I count from ten to fifteen: H AHS-tah KEEN-theh: diez once trece @'yentn onn-theh trentheh ten eleven thirteen catoree quince kah-vone-theh keEn-theh fourteen fifteen eQué hago yo? Ud, cuenta, Keh an-goh yoht Oos-TEHD KWEHN-tah. What do I do? You count, Qué hace Ud? Yo cuento. Keh au-theh oos-Tenn? Yoh kweun-toh. What do you do? I count. Cuente Ud. desde veinte hasta treinta, KWEHN-teh O0S-TEHD DEHS-deh VaIN-leh AHS-tah TRAIN-tah, Count from twenty to thirty.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 49 a 1c qué niimero cuenta Ud.? Fcieat keh Noo-meh-voh KWEHN-lah oos-TEMD? From what number do you count? asta qué niimero cuenta el sefior? oun keh woo-meh-voh KWELN-tah ell schn-vour? Up to what number does the gentleman count? Un libro dos libros ten lileee Oon .xe-broh dohs Lex-brohs trehs Lee-brohs A book two books three books una silla dos sillas tres aillas conch sretyah dohs seet-yahs trehs sext-yahs a chair two chairs three chairs 2y 2 son cuatro. eCuintos son 2)¢4? Dohs ce doks sohn xwawctroh. — Kwatin-tohs sohn dohs pohr kwar-troh? ‘Two and two are four, How many are 2 X 4? 2 por 4 son 8. Dohs pohr xwau-troh sohn on-choh. 2 times 4 are 8, ¢Cuantos libros hay en la mesa? Kwaun-tohs ixe-brohs J enn lah meu-sah? How many books are there on the table? Fay un libro, Hay ocho libros. 7 oon tex-broh. L on-choh Lee-brohs. There is one book. ‘There are eight books. HELPFUL HINTS: Hay means “there is", “there are", or “is there”, or “are there” if used interrogatively, @ Haga el javor de: is another way of saying “please” and is used with the infinitive of the verb, Ex: “Please shut the door."—Haga el favor de cerrar la puerta. _Cudntas sillas hay en este cuarto? Kwann-lalis sret-yahs Z enn ess-teh Rwane-toh? How many chairs are there in this room? ay una silla, Hay doce sillas. 2 pe nar SEEL-yah, I vor-theh seet-yahs. ere is one chair, ‘There are twelve chairs. Cuente Ud. los lipices. Kwenn-teh oos-renp lohs Lan-pee-thehs, Count the pencils,50 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH gCudntos hay? Hay trece. Kwany-tohs I? T rew-theh. How many are there? ‘There are thirteen, Haga el favor de contar Ios libros, Au-gah ell fah-vorr deh kohn-ranr lohs 1xx-brohs, Please, count the books. gCudntos libros hay aqui? Hay doce libros. Kwaun-tohs iee-brohs I ah-xex? I powtheh Lee-brohs, How many books are there here? There are twelve books. Cudntas personas hay? Hay veinte, Kwann-tahs pehr-sou-nahs 1? I vain-teh. How many persons are there? ‘There are twenty. a NOTE TO STUDENT: The plural of nouns is fortunately very simple in Spanish. Libro becomes libros in the plural. However, if the final letter of the noun is a consonant, then the plural is es. x: Un reloj, dos relojes. Numbers in the hundreds also vary in number and gender with the noun, Ex: “Two hundred Mexican girls"; Doscientas muchachas mexicanas. Cuantos kildmetros hay entre Buenos Aires y Santiago? Kwaun-tohs kee-.on-meh-trohs I exn-treh Bwee-nohs Av-ce-rehs ee Sahnt-yvau-goh? How many kilometers are there between Buenos Aires and Santiago? Hay 1118 (mil ciento diez y ocho). I meel th’yenn-toh d’yentu-ce-on-choh. There are 1118. El periédico cuesta 5 centavos. Ell pehr-voudee-koh Kweus-tak vueEN-hoh thehn-vai-zohs. ‘The newspaper costs 5 cents. El reloj cuesta 50 pesos. Ell yeh-rom xweustah theen-kweun-tah peu-sohs. The watch costs 50 pesos. eCuinto cuesta el libro? 3 pesos. Kwann-toh xwens-tah ell vee-broh? treks pen-sohs. How much does the book cost? 8 pesos. ¢Cudnto cuesta su reloj? Kwann-toh KWEHS-tah soo reh-LoH? How much does your watch cost? Mi reloj cuesta 75 pesos. Mee reh-Lou KWEHS-tah sch-TEHN-tah €¢ THEEN-koh PEn-sohs My watch costs 75 pesos,416, THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 5L THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 255) Hay libros encima de Ja mesa? . Cuenta el profesor? 2Qué cuenta el profesor? | zHay una caja encima de la silla grande? ¢Hay una mesa aqui? . 2Cudntas cajas hay encima de la mesa? gay cuadros en la pared? - zHay 2 sombreros encima de la silla? eCutintos son 2 y 8? . eCudintos son 5 por 6? + Curinto cuesta este libro? eCuiinto cuesta su sombrero? - @Cudinto cuesta Ja revista “Life"? ¢Cucintas millas hay entre Los Angeles y Nueva York? (3000) 2Cudntas millas hay entre Nueva York y Paris? (3000) Cuente desde 20 hasta 25, Qué hace Ud?LECCION 10 El cuerpo humano Ell KWwEHR-poh oo-MAH-noh The human body La cabeza el pelo cl ojo la narix Lah kah-newethah ell run-loh ell owhoh lah nah-ReeTn The head the hair the eye the nose Ja frente la oreja la boca el cucllo lak FReun-ieh lah oh-xen-hah lah nowkah ell kweHL-yoh the forehead the car the mouth the neck (or the collar) Ia espalda el pecho elhombro el braze dah essvaut-dah ell resechoh — ell oun-broh ell wran-thoh the back the chest the shoulder the arm el dedo Ja mano el pié la pierna ell peiedoh lah watenoh ell p'ven lah p'yxuir-nah the finger the hand the foot the leg el brazo derecho el brazo izquierdo ell pran-thoh deh-Rew-choh ell prau-thoh eethk-venr-doh the right arm the left arm 52THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 53 Ja mano derecha Ja mano izquierda Jah mainoh deh-ren-chah lah MaAu-noh eethk-veur-dah the right hand the left hand ¢Qué brazo es éste? Keh sran-thoh ess Ess-teh? What arm is this? Es el brazo derecho (izquierdo). Ess ell bran-thoh deh-Ren-choh (eethk-vEHR-doh) . It is the right arm (left), Qué mano es ésta? Keh Mavenioh ess Ess-tah? Which hand is this? Es la mano izquierda (derecha). Ess lah Maw-noh eethkeveun-dah (deh-Reschah). It is the left hand (right). 2Cuail es su brazo izquierdo? Este. Kwahl ess soo pean-thoh eethk-veur-doh? Essteh, Which is your left arm? This one, ¢Cuail cs su mano derecha? Esta. Kwahl ess soo mau-noh del-ren-chah? Ess-tah, Which is your right hand? This one. Es éate mi pié derecho o inquierdo? Ess ess-tch mee p'ven deh-rex-choh oh ecthk-vEur-doh? Is this my right or left foot? Estos son los dos pis. Ess-tohs sohn lohs dohs p'vens. These are the two feet. Esta es la mano derecha y ésta Ja izquierda. Esstah ess lah MAv-noh deh-ReH-chah ee kss-tah lah eethk-veur-dah. This is the right hand and this one the left. Estas son las 2 manos. Ess-tehs sohn lahs dohs MAu-nohs. These are the two hands. me qué color es este libro? Este libro es rojo. Wh Ach koh-Loum ess Ess-teh LEE-broh? Ess-teh Lei-broh ess ROH-hoh. at calor is this book? This book is red. eDe qué color son estos libros? Deh keh koh-vonr sohn ess-tohs uEE-brohs? What color are these books?54 THE BERLITZ SELF ACHER: SPANISH — Estos libros son rojos. Ess-tohs LEE-brohs solin Rowhohs. These books are red. De qué color es esta silla? Deh keh koh-Lomr ess ¥ss-tah SEEL-yah? ‘What color is this chair? Esta silla es amarilla, Ess-lah SeEt-yah ess al-mah-neeL-yah. ‘This chair is yellow. De qué color son estas sillas? Deh keh koh-Lour sohn ¥ss-tahs sEEL-yahs? What color are these chairs? Estas sillas son amarillas. Ess-tahs sext-yahs sohn ah-mah-neet-yahs. These chairs are yellow. El lipiz negro no es largo, es corto. Ell taw-peeth New-groh noh ess Laur-goh, ess KouR-toh, The black pencil is not long, it is short. Los apices negros no son largos, son cortos. Lohs .au-pee-thehs Neu-grohs noh sohn tauk-gohs, sok Koun-tohs. ‘The black pencils are not long, they are short. La puerta no es ancha, es estrecha. Lah rwenn-tahk noh ess aun-chah, ess ess-raeu-chah. The door is not wide, it is narrow. ‘Las puertas no son anchas, son estrechas. Lahs pweam-tahs noh sohn awn-chahs, sohn ess-reest-chahs. ‘The doors are not wide, they are narrow. NOTE TO STUDENT: Adjectives agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify. Ex: “The red packet- book": La cartera roja, “The red pocke 3 rojas. Verbs also change their forms when they arc used in the plural, Ex: “He is Cuban": £1 es cubano, “They are Cubans”; Ellos son cubanos, eQuién es este sefior? Es el Sr. Quintana. K’YEHN ess E5S-teh sehn-vOuR? Ess ell sehn-voun Keen-Tat-nah. Who is this gentleman? He is Mr. Quintana. 2Quiénes son estos seiiores? K -nehs soln Ess-tohs sehn-vou-rehs? Who are these gentlemen?THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 55 Son los Sres. Quintana y Gomez. Sohn lohs sehn-vou-rehs Keen-ran-nah ee Gon-nehth, They are Messrs, Quintana and Gémez. Quién ¢s Ud? Yo soy la sefiorita Rodriguez. Svein es$ 005-TEED? Yoh soy lah sehn-yoh-rez-tah Roh-pree-ggehth. Who are you? Lam Miss Rodriguez. Ud. es el sefior Berlitz, {Quiénes somos nosotros? Oos-rTEnD ess ell sehn-vour Brnr-leets. K'yEn-nehs sou-mohs noh-son-trohsF You are Mr. Berlitz. Who are we? Nosotras somos Jas sefloritas Rodriguez. Nohsou-lraks souvmols lahs sehn-yoh-nee-tahs Roh-nree-ggehth, We are the Misses Rodriguez. @Quign es esta sefiora? Es la seffora Jiménez. K'vERN ess Ess-tah sehn-vor-rah? Ess lah sehn-vourah Hee-meu-nehth, Who is this lady? She is Mrs. Jimenez. 2Quiénes son estas sefioras? Kvn-nchs sohn ess-tahs sehn-vor-raks? Who are these ladies? Son las Sras. Jiménez y Rivas. Sohn lahs sehn-vou-rahs Hee-ennehth ce Ree-vahs. ‘They are Mrs. Jimenez and Mrs. Rivas. El Sr. Quintana esta de pié, Ell sehn-vour Keen-taw-nah ess-an deh p'ven, Mr, Quintana is standing, el sefior Gémez esti de pié, elf sehn-vour Gotrmehth essrant deh p'vEH, Mr. Gémez is standing, estos sefiores estan de pié, Ess-tohs schn-vou-rehs essTAHN deh p’YEH, these gentlemen are standing, Ud. esta de pié, yo estoy de pié, OOS-TEND ess-TAH deh p'yen, yoh ess-ToY deh p'yEH, you are standing, 1am standing, la Stta, Pidal esta sentada; th tchn-yoh-ev-tah Pee-pAMt. ess-TAM sehn-tan-dah; iss Pidal is sitting: la Stra, Riv; lah sehy Miss Ris as esta sentada; Vyohner-tah Ree-vahs ess-Tan sehn-tan-dah; vas is sitting;56 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH estas sefioras estén sentadas, Ess-tahs sehn-YOu-rahs ess-TAHN Sehn-Tau-dahs, these ladies are sitting. gEstan los seiiores sentados a la mesa? Ess-tann lohs sehn-you-rehs sehn-rait-dohs ah lah Men-sah? Are the gentlemen sitting at the table? No, (ellos) estin de pié delante de la yentana. Noh, (ett-yohs) esstaux deh p'ven deh-Laun-teh deh lah vehn-rax-nah, No, they are standing in front of the window. zEstin las sefioras de pié en ell pasillo? Ess-aun lahs sehn-vor-rahs deh p’ven enn ell pah-szet-yoh? Are the ladies standing in the corridor? No, (ellas) estan sentadas en cl cuarto. Noh, (eHt-yahs) esstaun sehn-var-dahs enn ell Kwaxk-toh. No, they are sitting in the room, Este ¢s mi sombrero, Ess-teh ess mee sohm-uren-roh. This is my hat. Esta corbata es su corbata de Ud. Estos son mis guantes. Ess-tohs soln mees Gwatin-tehs, These are my gloves. Ess-tah kohr-sat-tah ess soo kohr-wartah deh oos-Tenp, ‘This tie is your tie. Estos zapatos son sus zapatos. Ess-tohs thah-parctohs sohn soos thah-raw-tohs, ‘These shoes are your shoes. gCual es mi sombrero? Kwant ess mee sohm-arer-roh? Which is my hat? ¢Cuiiles son mis guantes? Kwartlehs sohn mees GWAHN-tehs? Which are my gloves? Cual es su corbata? Kwant ess soo hoht-pan-tah? Which is your tie? Cuales son sus plumas? Kwatrlehs sohn soos rLoo-mahs? Which are your pens? De quién es ese sombrero? Deh k’venn ess E88-ch sohm-aRex-Toh? Whose is that hat? Este. Ess-teh. This one. Estos, Ess-tohs. These. Esta. Ess-tah, This one. Estas, Ess-tahs. These. Es del Sr. Fernandez. Ess dehl sehn-vour Fehr-naunedehth- It is Mr. Fernandez’.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH pe quignes son esos sombreros? qiveienelis Sohn ESSOhs sohm-nREM-TOhs? é Deh ce are those hats? Who: Son de los alumnos. Sohn deh lohs ah-Loove-nohs, “They are the pupils’ cules son los libros de Ios alumnos? warrlehs sohn lohs Lee-brohs deh lohs ah.oom-noks? Which are the pupils’ books? Son aquéllos. Sohn ah-REHL-yohs. Those are. {Cudles son las sillas de las sefioritas? Kwatelehs sohn lahs sext-yahs deh lahs sehn-yoh-nex-tahs? Which are the young ladies’ chairs? 57 Son aquéllas. De quién es esta silla? Sohn ah-keuLyahs. Deh k’vEnn ess esstah seEL-yah? ‘Those are. Whose is this chair? Esde Juan. De quiénes son esas sillas? Ess deh Hwann. Deh k'vennchs sohn essahs seet-yahs? Itis John's. Whose are those chairs? Son de los sefiores Berlitz y Romero. Sohn deh lohs schn-vou-rehs Brum-leets ee Roh-ex-roh, ‘They are Messrs. Berlitz’ and Romero's. @ HELPFUL HINTS: When “who”, “what", “when”, “where”, “to where” and “how"' are used in questions, they carry an accent to show they are interrogatives. They are written gQuién?, ~Que?, gCudndo?, jDdnde?, yAdénde?, iGomor.58 12. 13. 14. 15. THE BERLITZ SEL -TEACHER: SPANISH iy, ‘THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 256) Qué hay debajo del brazo izquierdo del profesor? . {Hay un periddico debajo de su brazo izquierdo? . ZEstd la pipa dentro del bolsillo del profesor? gDénde estd el papel? gEstd la regla debajo del pié derecho? . Qué hay en la mano derecha del profesor? 2Hay plumas en su mano derecha? . (Hay lapices dentro de la caja? |. Hay Maves encima de la mesa? |. Dende estan los libros? . {Hay cuadros en la pared? @Hay un sombrero en Ia cabeza del profesor? {Hay dos perros debajo de la mesa? Estan de pid? ¢Cudntos libros hay encima de Ja mesa?LECCION 11 Escribo el alfabeto. Ess-KreeE-boh ell ahl-fah-peu-toh. I write the alphabet. EI profesor coma la tiza; Ell prok-jeh-sour tor-mah lak TeE-thah; The teacher takes the chalk; el profesor escribe en la pizarra. ell proh-jch-sonn ess-KREE-beh enn lah pee-rnarrrah. the tcacher writes on the blackboard. Escribe el alfabeto. 2Qué hace el profesor? Essuneg-beh ell ahLfah-nen-toh, Keh autheh ell proh-feh-soun? He writes the alphabet. What does the teacher do? ‘Toma la tiza y escribe. Tou-mah lak ‘terthah e¢ essKrEE-beh, He takes the chalk and writes. Zim dénde escribe el profesor? fin bouN-deh ess-KREE-beh ell proh-fel-SOHR? Where does the teacher write? be en la pizarra, Qué escribe? Hi tkebeh enn lak peeruanrrah, Keh essxnee beh? © writes on the blackboard What does he write? 5960 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH Escribe el alfabeto. Essxret-beh ell ahi-fah-wen-toh, He writes the alphabet. 2Quién escribe en la pizarra? KvEHN esrKREE-beh enn la pee-rHar-rrah? Who writes on the blackboard? El profesor escribe en Ia pizarra. Ell proh-fel-sour essxnxe-beh enn lah pee-ruawtrah. The teacher writes on the blackboard. Sr. Peralta, tome Ud. un lapiz y una hoja de papel. Sehn-voun Peh-Rantctah, ToHmch oos-TEHD oon LAK-peeth e@ co-nah owhah deh pah-rea.. Mr. Peralta, take a pencil and a sheet of paper. Escriba Ud. el alfabeto. Essxnez-bah oosrenp ell ahl-fah-ve-toh. Write the alphabet. Ud. escribe el alfabeto en cl papel. Oos-reHD ess-KREE-beh ell ahl-fah-oxn-toh enn ell pah-rrur. You write the alphabet on the paper. Aes una letra. B es una letra. Ah ess oo-nah ven-trah. Beh ess 00-nah Let-trah, A is a letter. B is a letter. Yo escribo letras en la pizarra. Yoh ess-xrer-boh Len-trahs enn lah pee-tnawrrah, I write letters on the blackboard. Ud. escribe letras en su papel. Oos-rEnD ess-KreE-beh Len-trahs enn soo pah-vEx. You write letters on your paper. ‘Tomo un libro y leo. Tou-moh oon Lex-broh ee Let-oh, I take a book and read. Tome Ud. un libro y lea Ud. Tou-meh oos-tEHp oon LeE-broh ee Letvah oos-TEND, Take a book and read. Yo leo, Ud, lee, Yok ten-oh, Oos-TEHD LEH-eh. I read, You read. Qué hace Ud? Yo leo. Keh atetheh oos-renp? Yoh ven-oh. What do you do? I read.THE BERLIZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 61 Qué hago yo? Ud. toma el libro y lee. Keh Migon you? Oos-TEHD ToH-mah ell LEE-broh ce LEneh. What do J do? You take the book and read. Yo leo el allabeto: Yok ewoh ell ahl-fah-ven-toh: Tread the alphabet: ihe B, cG ch, D, ete, Ah, Beh, Theh, | Gheh, Deh, chi-rnemtel-rah, A, B, CG Ch, D, etc, {Qué leo yor Ud, lee el alfabeto. Keh Len-oh yor? Oos-reno Let-eh ell ahl-fah-sew-toh. What do I read? You read the alphabet. Escriba mimeros en la pizarra. Esc-xuxv-bah Noo-meh-roks enn lah pee-wnastrrah. Write numbers on the blackboard, Lea Ud. estos nimeros, Qué lee Ud., seiior? Leleah 005-TEND Ess-iohs Noo-meh-rohs, Keh urireh oos-renp, sehn-vour? Read these numbers. What do you read, sir? Yo leo el alfabeto castellano. Yoh tew-oh ell ahl-fah-wei-toh kahs-tehbvau-noh, Tread the Spanish aiphabet. Sr, Cruz, lea Dd. en el libro. Sehn-your Krooth, Le-ah oos-renp enn ell ree-broh. Mr. Cruz, read from the book. Srta, Miret, lea Ud, en Ja pizarra. Schn-yohREE-lah Mee-RENY, LeEW-ah oosTEND enn lah pee-Tmaterrah, Miss Miret, read irom the blackboard. 2Qué hace Ud.? Yo leo en la pizarra. Keh awtheh oos-tenp? Yoh teu-oh enn lah peevHan-rrah, What do you do? Lread from the blackboard. Qué lee Ud., libros 0 periddicos? Xch wench oos-TeHD, LeY-brohs oh pehr-vou-dee-kohst What do you read, books or newspapers? Yo no teo ni libros ni periddicos, yo leo ih noh veoh nee LEE-brohs nee pehr-vou-dee-kohs, yoh LEH-oh read neither books nor newspapers, I read el alfabeto en Ja pizarra. ell ahi-fah-wen-toh enn lah peerHasrrah. the alphabet on the blackboard,62 ACHER: SPANISH ee a EES ‘Yo escribo Ia letra A, la iectra B, Yoh ess-Kree-boh lah ven-trah Ah, tah tenitrah Beh, T write the letter A, the letter B, Ta letra GC, loh vewetrah Theh. the letter C. Escribo letras. Qué es esto? Es una letra. Ess-KREE-boh Len-trahs, Keh ess esscok? Ess o0-nah Leu-trah, I write letters. What is this? It is a letter. Qué letra es ésta? Es Ia A, Es la B, Keh verctrah ess ess-tah? Ess lah Ah, Ess lah Beh, What letter is this? It is A, It is B, Es la G, ete. Ess lah Theh, eht-rHeu-tel-rah. It is C, ete, Excribo palabras. Aqut hay una palabra: papel. Ess-nree-boh pal-tar-brahs, — Al-wee 1 oo-nah pah-tan-brah: pah-rem, I write words, Here is a word: paper. Aqui hay otra palabra: puerta. Alvxee 1 ovtrah pah-can-brah; rwenr-tah, Here is another word: door. @Cudntas letras hay en esta palabra? Kwany-tahs Len-trahs I enn ess-tah pah-carcbrah? How many letters are there in this word? Hay cinco letras en Ja palabra papel. T vueen-koh ven-trahs enn lah pah-vaw-brah pah-rem, ‘There are five letters in the word paper, gin ésa? Hay seis. Enn Ess-ah? T sen-ecs. In that one? There are six. *Monsicur” es una palabra francesa. “Mussyuh” ess 0o-nah pah-Lau-brah frahn-rnewsah, “Monsieur” is a French word. “Mister” es una palabra inglesa. “Mister” ess 00-nah pal-tatbrah een-GLen-sah, “Mister” is an English word. “Herr” es una palabra alemana. “Hehr” ess o0-nah pah-Lar-brahk ah-leh-mau-nah, “Herr” is a German word.THE BERLITZ SELF-T SPANISH 63 wsefor” es una palabra espaiiola, ee ess oo-nah pah-Lan-brah ess-pakn-vout-ah. “Senor” is a Spanish word. 2s este libro francés o inglés? ke revteh Lee-broh frahn-THens oh een-Guens? Is this book French or English? Fse libro no es francés ni inglés, es espaiiol. rscch ves-broh noh ess frahn-riens nee cen-GLens, ess ess-pahn-vouL, ‘That book is neither French nor English, it is Spanish. Es éste un libro espaiiol? Sst essteh oon LeE-broh ess-pahn-von.. Is this a Spanish book? Si, sefior, ése es un libro espafiol. See, sehn-vour, Ess-ch ess oon teE-broh ess-pahn-you., Yes, sir, that is a Spanish book. Es éste un libro italiano? Ess esstch oon txe-broh ce-tahl-vaunoh? Is this an Italian book? No, no es un libro italiano; es un libro espatiol. Noh, noh ess oon tex-broh ce-tahl-vau-noh; ess oon Les-broh ess-pahn-YOuL, No, it is not an Italian book; it is a Spanish book. Yo digo el alfabcto castellano: Yoh vex-gok ell ahl-fah-uen-toh kahs-tehl-vai-noh: I say the Spanish alphabet: A B Cc Ch D E 4h Beh Theh Cheh Deh Eh F G H I J K En-feh Heh Atrcheh Ee How-tah Kah L u M N N ° En-leh Enyeh En-meh En-neh Enn-yeh Oh p Q R 8 e u eh Koo Enreh Envseh Teh Oo v. x ¥ Zz Veh Eavkees Yeh Tuen-tah Qué dice el profesor? Reh vee-theh © What does Dice el alfabeto. ell proh-felvsonn? Dee-theh ell ahl-fah-Ben-toh. the teacher say? He says the alphabet.Gt THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH Sr. Villanueva, diga Ud. el alfabeto. Schn-vour Veel-yah-nwen-uah, dee-gah oos-renp ell ahl-fal-beu-toh, Mr. Villanueva, say the alphabet. 2Qué hace Ud? Yo digo el alfabeto. Keh awiheh oos-reup? Yoh pre-goh etl ahl-fah-vex-toh, ‘What do you do? I say the alphabet. 2Qué hace este sefior? Dice el alfabeto. Keh awtheh essteh schn-vour? — Dux-theh ell ahl-fak-nesetoh. What does this gentleman do? He says the alphabet, En francés, la pronunciacién de P-A-R-LS es “Pari”. Enn frakn-rnens, lah proh-noonth-yahthvoux deh Peh Ah Ewtreh Ee En-seh ess “Pah nee”, In French, the pronunciation of PARIS is “Pah-ree”. éCuil es la pronunciacién francesa de “Paris”? Kwaut ess lah prok-noonth-yahth-voun frahn- What is the French pronunciation of “Paris”? wen-sah deh Pah-nevs? 2Cual es la pronunciacién de esta palabra Kwan ess lak proh-noonth-yahth-voun deh ess-tah pah-taw-brah en espaiiol? enn ess-pahn-vout? What is the pronunciation of this word in Spanish? La pronunciacién en espaiiol es “Pah-REES". Lah prok-noonth-yahth-voun enn ess-pahn-vouw ess “Pah-Rezs”, The pronunciation in Spanish is “Pah-REES”. @Cual es Ia pronunciacién exacta de “lapiz”, de “periddico”, de Malaga, en espafiol? Kwan ess lah pro-noonth yahth-voun ehk-sauntah deh “Lan-pecth,” deh “pehr-vou-dee-koh”, deh Mau-lah-gah, enn ess-pahn-you? What is the exact pronunciation of "lapiz", of “periddico", of Malaga, in Spanish? HINTS on Pronunciation: Remember that words ending in a vowel or in s or m are ustially stressed on the next to last syllable. If, for some reason, this is not so, then an accent must be used to show this change. Without the accent Malaga would be Mah-lah-gah instead of Mah-lah-gah. We refer you once more to the note on page 5 relative to pronunciation differences among Spanish-speaking peoples. In this book we show the “2” to have a “th” or lisping sound, but in many places, particularly in Latin Americ it is pronounced as lant sound. The same is true for the soft “‘c” before “¢” or “i”. This “s” sound is acceptable to all but the most unreconstructed purist of the old school.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 65 una frase en la pizarra: Fe cerns bol oo-nah FRAILSeh enn lah pee-THAH-rah: ] write a sentence on the board: “E] libro esti encima de la mesa.” Ps well tawbroh ess-TAN enn-THEE-mah deh lah Men-sah, “The book is on the table.” 4ntas palabras hay en esta frase? Hay seis. aah pah-tan-brahs f enn Ess-fah FRAH-Seh? I seit-ees. : How many words are there in this sentence? There are six. ¥o leo, escribo y hablo espafiol. Yoh urivoh, esskxre-boh ee av-bloh ess-pahn-vout. I read, write and speak Spanish. Habla Ud. espatiol? Si, sefior, lo hablo, Se blak Beane ess-pahn-vouw? See, sehn-voun, loh au-bloh, Do you speak Spanish? Yes, sir, I speak it No Io hablo pero lo leo. Nok loh au-bloh ven-roh loh wero, T do not speak it but 1 read it En Paris se habla francés; Enn Palvaves seh an-blah frahn-mens; In Paris they speak French; en Madrid se habla espaiiol; enn Malmezn sch atebiah ess-pahn-YOHL; in Madrid they speak Spanish; en Londres se habla inglés; enn Lonwdrehs seh au-blah cen-cLens; in London they speak English; en Berlin se habla aleman. enn Behrisen seh au-blah ah-lel-Maun, in Berlin they speak German, iy NOTE to Student: When se is used with the third person, 2 it has the sense of “one” or “everyone”. You may see signs in some shop-windows in large American citics “Aqui se habla espanol”, This means that “Spanish is spoken here” Mb or, “one speaks Spanish here”.66 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH eee ee ee (ll hy ‘THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 256) 1. Escriba la letra A en cl papel. Qué hace Ud? 2 Yo escribo la palabra “libertad. ;Qué esctibo yo? §. El Sr. Campana escribe en Ja pizarra. ¢Quién escribe el alfabeto en la pizarra? 4, Lea Ud, esta frase: “Yo soy norteamericano.” ;Qué hace Ud? 5, qCudntas palabras hay en esta frase? 6. Lee Ud. este libro? 7. aLee en espaiiol el Sr. Berlitz? 8, :Habla inglés el Sr. Padilla? 9. Qué habla Ud,, inglés o espaiiol? 10. gHabla el Sr. Cugat francis? 11, La palabra “book”, ges espaiiola o inglesa? 12, Yo digo A, B, C, Ch, D..., gdigo el alfabeto? 13. Digo yo cl alfabeto ruso? 14, ¢Qué se habla en Nueva York? 15. ¢Se habla espafiol en Buenos Aires? 16. zSe habla espafiol en Paris? 17, ¢Qué se habla en Madrid?LECCION 12 Desde A hasta Z Dens-deh ah ans-tah THEH-tah From A to Z —____. El alfabero casteliono empieza por A-y acaba en Z. Ell chi fek-wru-toh kakstehlyai-noh ehmp-vEicthah pohr ah fe ah-kaubah enn rHes-tah. The Spanish alphabet begins with A and ends with Z, Acsla primera let Ad ess lah prea: A is the first letter, Z es la iltima, A Lestrah, ‘Turn-teh ess lah oo1-tee-mane Z is the last. 6768 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH Aes la primera ictra, B la segunda, Ah ess lah pree-men-rah vetvtrah, Beh lah schGoon-dah, Ais the first letter, B the second, C Ia tercera, Ch la cuarta, Theh luh tehr-curwrah, Cheh lah Kwauntah, C the third, Ch the fourth, Dla quin E la sexta, Deh lah KeEn-tah, Eh lah seuss-tah, D the filth, E the sixth, F Ia séptima, ete. En-feh lah senv-tee-mah, eht-ruen-teh-rah, F the seventh, etc, 2Cudntas letras hay en el alfabeto castellano? Kwauy-tas Letras Tenn ell ahl-fah-weu-toh kahs-tehl-vawnoh? How many letters are there in the Spanish alphabet? Hay 28 letras en el alfabeto castellano. T vaintee-onchoh tetetrahs enn elt ahtfan-new-toh kahs-tehi-van-noh, ‘There are 28 letters in the Spanish alphabet. 2Cuantas vocales hay? Hay cinco: Kwans-tahs vel-naiclehs 1? How many vowels are there? A z I ° u Ah Eh Ec on a Cudntas consonantes? Hay 23. Kwann-tahs kohin-soh-naun-tehs? 1 vain-teetrens. How many consonants? There are 23, 2Qué letra es la D, la cuarta o fa quinta? Keh ven-trah ess lah Deh, lah Kwaur-tah oh lah KEEN-tah? What letter is D, the fourth or the filth? Es la quinta. Ess lah keen-tah. It is the fifth, gPor qué letra empieza el alfabeto? Pohr keh ixittrah ehmp-ven-thak ell ahbfah-nen-toh? ‘With what letter does the alphabet begin? Empicza por la A. 2En qué letra acaba? Ehmp-vewthah pohr lah Ah, Enn heh vetvtrah ah-cau-bah? It begins with A. With what letter does it end?THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH _ 69 oh Acaba en Z. Aiewawbah enn Tuen-tah, Ie ends with Z, 1 qué letra empieza esta frase? oo remizah chmp-verthah xss-tah Pran-seh? With what lecter does this sentence begin? Empieza por P. Ehapvavihah pokr Peh. It begins with P. gEn qué pagina acaba Ia primera leccién de su libro? Enn keh vawheenah al-kan-bah lah pree-suarrah lehhth-voun deh soo Lex-broh? On what page does the first lesson of your book end? La primera leccién acaba en Ia pagina 3. Lak preestetvrch lehith-vous aickaitbah enn lah PAw-hee-nah 8. ‘The first lesson ends on page 3. ¢En qué pagina emprera Ia tercera leccién? Enn keh varrhee-nak ehmp-yveivthah lah tehr-ruxerah lehkth-voun? On what page does the third lesson begin? Empieza en Ja pagina 7. Ehmpvei-thoh enn lak vawwheenah 7. It begins on page 7. La letra A esta antes de la B. Loh wevtroh Ah ess-Tau aun-tehs deh lah Beh. The letter A is before B. La U esta desputs de la B. Lah Theh essTan dehs-vwens deh lah Beh, Cis ater B. La Hi esti entre la Gy la L Lah Altcheh essran exn-treh lah Heh ee lah Ee. AW is between G and I. gDonde esta Ia H, antes o después de la G? Whandeh esstan lah Awcheh, — aun-tels oh dehsrwens deh lab Heht note WH, before or alter G? éQué letra esta entre la My la RF ie Pubtrah css-rau eNN-trelt lak Enemeh ee lah Enn-yeh? ‘ich letter is between M and N?70 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH FT Preguntas Respuestas Preh-coon-tahs Rehs-pwens-tahs Questions Answers Qué hace Ud? Leo. Keh atctheh oos-Texp? Len-oh, What do you do? I read. eDénde esta el libro? Esté encima de la mesa. Donn-deh ess-Tan ell uee-broh? Essrau enn-Tuex-mah deh lah seexsch, Where is the book? It ison the table, 2Qué es esto? Es el libro. Keh ess ess-toh? Ess ell uez-broh. What is this? It is the book. Yo hago una pregunta: ¢Quién es este seiior? Yoh at-goh oo-nah preh-coon-tah: K'YEHN ess ¥S¢-leh sehn-YouR? I ask a question: Who is this gentleman? Responda Ud. (Conteste Ud.) a mi pregunta, sefiora. Rehs-roun-dah oos-tenn (Kohn-tehs-teh oos-reup) ah mee preh-coon-tah, sehn-vou-rah, : “Es el Sr. Rios.” fuater sy quettlons madame Ess ell sehn-vour Reg-ohs, “He is Mr. Rios.” Qué hace Ud., Sra? Keh awtheh oos-renn, sehn-vorw-sah? What do you do, madam? Yo contesto (yo respondo) a su pregunta. Yoh kohn-reus-toh (yoh rehs-roun-doh) ah soo preh-coon-tah. T answer your question. Haga una pregunta al sefior. Augah co-nah preh-coon-tah ahl sehn-vour. Ask the gentleman a question, eQuién hace la pregunta? K’venn ar-theh lah preh-coon-tah? Who asks the question? La sefiora hace la pregunta, Lah sehn-vor-rah au-theh lak preh-coon-tah. ‘The lady asks the question, Seiior, conteste (responda) a la pregunta de la sefiora. ah Sehn-voun, kohn-reusteh (rehs-roun-dah) ah lah preh-coon-tah deh I achn-vou-rah, Sir, answer the lady's question.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 71 tical es ales a FL ‘Antes y después de una pregunta s¢ pone un signo de interrogacién, ‘Auntehs ee dehs-rwens deh oo-nah preh-coon-tah seh pou-neh oon sero-noh deh eon-teh-rroh-pahth-YOun. Yefore and alter a question we put a question mark. Después de una respuesta se pone un punto final (.) Deks-pwens deh oo-nah rehs-rwuns-lah seh vox-neh oon Poon-toh feenant (.) ‘After an answer we put a period (.) fsta es Ia coma (,) Ess-tah ess lah Kow-mah (,) This is the comma (,) Sstox son los signos de admiracién (;!) ¥setohs solin lohs stxc-nohs deh ahd-mee-rahth-voun (j!) These are the exclamation marks (;!) Este es el guidn (-) Este es el acento (’) Ess-teh ess ell pgee-oun (-) Ess-teh ess ell ah-rnenn-toh (’ This is the hyphen (-) This is the accent (%)72 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH ‘THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 256) ¢Quién escribe en la pizarra? 2, ¢Escribe Dofia Felicidad? . Qué periddico lee? 4. ¢Qué libro lee Chiquita? . ¢Qué palabra escribe el profesor en Ia pizarra? }. ¢Escribe el profesor con lapiz o con tiza? gEscribe el profesor el alfabeto? . Lee Dotia Felicidad un periddico espaiiol? . Habla espafiol el profesor? |. ¢Habla espaiiol el perro de Chiquita? . eLee Ud. espaitol? . ¢Habla Ud. inglés? éHabla francés el Sr. Berlitz? . ¢Habla Chiquita inglés? . 2Estd Chiquita sentada o de pig? . gCudntas letras hay en el alfabeto castellano? |. ¢Cunintas letras hay en el alfabeto inglés?LECCION 13 ¢Quién tiene mas dinero? K’YEHN t’YEH-neh mahs dee-NeH-roh? Who has more money? St. Gonzalez, tome Ud. un libro. Schn-voux Gohn-ruanlehth, Toumeh oosTEHD oon Lxe-brok Mr. Gonzalez, take a book. Ud. tiene un libro en la mano. Oos-renp t'yen-neh aon Lee-broh enn lah Mav-noh. You have a book in your hand. Yo tengo dos libros en Ia mano. Yok teHx-goh dohs uee-brohs enn lah aast-noh. Thave two books in my hand. La Srta. Pérer tiene su sombrero en Ia cabera. Lah sehn-yoh-reztah Penrehth t'vewnch soo sohm-ansi-roh enn lal, ‘ah-weH-thak, iss Perez has her hat on her head. 7374 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH —_—_$_——— Eee Este caballero no tiene sombrero. Ess-teh kah-bahl-yen-roh noh tyeHneh sohm-breu-roh, This gentleman has no hat. Ud. tiene guantes. No tengo guantes, Oos-tenp t'yen-neh GwauN-tehs. Noh TEuN-goh cwaun-tehs, You have gloves. Thave no gloves. Ud. tiene un traje azul, Oos-renp t'yen-neh oon TRAWheh ah-THOOL, You have a blue suit, Ia sefiora tiene un traje gris, lah schn-vou-rah tve-nch oon TRasthch grees. the lady has a gray suit. ‘Ud. tiene un libro y yo tengo un libro; Oos-TEND t'YEH-neh oon LEE-broh ee yoh TEHN-goh oon LeE-broh; You have a book and I have a book; nosotros tenemos libros, noh-sow-trohs teh-net-mohs Lex-brohs, we have books. ‘Tenemos lapices. No tenemos plumas. Teh-new-mohs Lan-pee-thehs. Noh teh-ni johs PLoo-mahs We have pencils. We do not have pens. El profesor tiene un libro; Ell proh-fek-sorm t'vesnch oon txx-broh; ‘The teacher has a book; Jos alumnos tienen libros. lohs ah-Loom-nohs Cyeu-nehn LeE-brohs. the pupils have books. Las sefioras tienen faldas. Lahs sehn-vou-rahs t'yerenehn rant-dahs, Ladies have skirts. Los sefiores no tienen faldas. Lohs sehn-vowrehs noh t'ven-nehn rant-dahs. Gendemen do not have skirts, Sres, Andrade y Bricefio, ¢qué tienen Uds. en las manos? Schn-vou-rehs Ahnpraideh ce Bree-tHenn-yoh, keh tyen-nehn oos-TEHD-chs enn lahs MAu-nohs? Messrs, Andrade and Bricefio, what have you in your hands?THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHE SPANISH 75 libros. ¢Tienen Uds. lipices? ree eavinohs LEE-brohs. Tyennehn oos-Ten-dehs LAu-pee-thehs? We have books. Have you pencils? seor, no tenemos lipices, sino libros. aoe hn-OUR, Hoh tel-net-mohs acpee-thehs, sexnoh wxz-brohs. No, sir, we haven't pencils, but books. Yo tengo dos libros; Ud. tiene cinco (libros). Yoh Tenx-goh dohs Lex-brohs; oos-reup t'yeu-neh vueen-koh (LEe-brohs). T have two books; you have five (books). E! Sr. Robledo tiene siete libros, Ell selin-vour Roh-wuen-doh Uyeu-neh s'veerteh Lee-brohs, Mr. Robledo has seven books. Yo tengo menos libros que Ud. Yoh Teuw-goh MEW-nohs LeE-brohs keh oos-TEND. I haye fewer books than you. El Sr. Robledo tiene més libros que Ud. Ell sehn-voun Roh-sten-doh t've-neh mahs vxe-brohs keh oos-TEuD. Mr, Robledo has more books than you. Ud. y yo juntos tenemos siete libros, Oos-teitp ce yoh HOON-Lohs teh-NEt-mohs s'vEH-teh LEE-brohs. You and I together have seven books. Nosotros juntos tenemos tantos libros como el Sr. Robledo. Nok-sou-trahs uoon-tohs teh-NEW-mohs TAHN-tohs LEE-brohs KOH-moh ell schn-voun Roh-pen-doh. Together we have as many books as Mr, Robledo. 2Cuintos libros tenemos juntos? nee tee-brohs teh-nen-mohs Hoon-tohs? low many books have we together? Juntos nosotros tenemos siete libros. Hoow-tohs noh-sou-trohs teh-nzs-mohs s'ves-teh Lee-brohs. gether we have seven books. pe cl Sr. Robledo mis libros que nosotros? ra rae ell sehn-vour Rol-nien-doh mahs Lex-brohs keh noh-sou-trohs? tr. Robledo more books than we?76 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH No, él no tiene mis libros: Noh, ell noh Uyru-neh mahs LEE-brohs; No, he has not more books" tiene tantos libros como nosotros. tvew-neh vaun-tohs Ler-brohs Kon-mcoh noh-sow-trohs. he has as many books as we. ¢Cudntos libros tiene Ud. mas que yo? Kwanin-tohs .ex-brohs tvenneh oosten mahs keh yoh? How many more books than I have you? Yo tengo tres libros mas que Ud. Yoh TEnx-goh trchs uee-brohs mahs keh oos-TEup Thave three books more chan you. Guintos tengo yo menos que Ud.? KWAun-tohs TEHN-goh yoh MEN-nohs keh oos-rrup? How many books less than you have I? Ud. tiene ces menos que yo, Oos-ren t'yeteneh treks MEn-noks keh yok. You have three less than 1. eCudntas plumas tiene la Srta. Miré? Kwaun-tahs proo-mahs tyru-neh lah sehn-yoh-ner-tak Mee-rou? How many nens has Miss Mird? ‘Tiene tres, T'yerench trehs. She has three, eY cudntas tiene la Sria. Gomer? Ee xwaun-tahs tyeneneh lah sehn-yoh-ree-tah Gon-mehth? And how many has Miss Gomez? Ella tiene cinco. 2Cudntas tengo yo? Euvyah t'vewnch THEeN-koh. Kwaun-tahs Tenn-goh yor? She has five. How many have 1? Ud. tiene dos plumas. Oos-remp t'yetnch doks rLoo-mahs. You have two pens. gTiene Ja Srta, Gémez menos plumas que nosotros dos? Trvenneh lah sehnyoh-ses-tah Gou-mehth MEn-nohs PLoo-mal noh-sou-trohs dohs? Has Miss Gémez fewer pens than we two? hs hebTHE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 17 18 COMO Nosotros. “neh TAHN-tahs PLOO-mahs Kousmoh wo, no tiene menos, tiene tantas plu Noh noh Uyeueneh MEI-ROAS, UYEI nof-sou-trohs. No, she has not fewer, she has as many pens as we. Ud. tiene veinte pesos, yo tengo quince; Oos-reup UY gu-neh VAIN-teh PEH-sohs, yoh TEAN-goh KEEN-thehs You have ewenty pesos, I have fifteen; Santos tiene treinta pesos. Sany-tohs Uyeseneh vRAIN-tak Pewsohs. Santos has thirty pesos. {Cuinto dinero tiene Ud? Kwans-loh deexestroh C'yEn-neh oosTenD? How much money have you? Yo tengo veinte pesos. Cudnto tengo yo? Yoh veux goh vatw-teh pensohs. — Kwaun-toh TEUN-goh yoh? T have twenty pesos. How much have 1? Ua. tiene quince pesos. Oosrenp (yennch KeEN-thel ren-sohs. You have filtee pesos. gCuiinto tiene el Sr, Sancos? Kwaun-toh yei-neh el sehn-your Saun-tohs? How much has Mr, Santos? Tiene treinta. eQuién tiene mas dinero? Tyueneh TRAIN-tah. K'yeun UYEn-neh mas dee-NEw-roh? He has thirty, Who has the most moncy? EI Sr. Santos tiene mas dinero. Ell schn-vour Saun-tohs UyEu-neh mahs dee-NEH-roh. Mr. Santos has the most money. eQuién tiene menos? Ud. tiene menos. R’veun t'yeieneh metenohs? TeHD t'VEH-neh MpH-nohs. Who has the least? You have the least. Ea €l libro grueso hay 450 paginas; "nell Len-broh cawensoh 1 Kwatttroh th'yEMN-tahs theen-xweuntah PAthee-nahs; In the thick book there are 450 pages; hay muchas paginas, 1 Moo-chahs Pawhee-nahs. ere are many pages.78 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER PANISH En el libro delgado hay 60 paginas; Enn ell cee-broh dehl-cau-doh I sehseun-tah PAn-hee-nahs; In the thin book there are sixty pages; no hay muchas paginas, hay pocas paginas. noh I Moo-chahs vau-hee-nahs, I pot-kahs Pat-hee-nahs. there are not many pages, there are few pages. En la mesa del profesor hay muchos libros; Enn lah mensah deh! prok-feh-sour 1 Moo-chohs LE-brohs; On the teacher's table there are many books, en aquella mesa no hay muchos libros, hay pocos. enn ah-KEMLyah MEH-sah noh I Moo-chohs L¥E-brohs, I pou-kohs, on that table there are not many books, there are few @Hay muchas piginas en ef libro grueso? I moo-chaks pat-hee-nahs enn ell LEF-broh GRWEH-SOh? Are there many pages in the thick book? Si, hay muchas. See, I Moo-chahs. Yes, there are many, Hay pocas paginas en el libro delgado? I pou-kahs pau-hee-nahs enn ell ixe-broh dehl-can-doh? Are there few pages in the thin book? Si, hay pocas. See, I pou-kahs, Yes, there are few. @Hay muchos alumnos en Ia clase? No, hay pocos, I moo-chohs ah-Loom-nohs enn lah KLAH-seh? Noh, I porwkohs. Are there many pupils in the class? No, there are few. ¢Hay muchos fésforos en esta caja? Si, hay muchos. T Moo-chohs rousfoh-rohs enn Esstah KAH-hah? See, I moo-chohs. Are there many matches in this box? Yes, there are many. Tengo yo mucho dincro en mi bolsillo? Trnn-goh yoh Moo-choh dee-nent-roh enn mee bohl-skEL-yoh? Do I have much money in my pocket? No, no tiene mucho, tiene poco. Noh, noh t’'ven-neh Moo-choh, t'veu-neh pou-koh. No, you have not much, you have little. gHay dos profesores en esta clase? I dohs proh-feh-sou-rehs enn Ess-tah RLAWSeh? Are there two teachers in this class?THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 79 SS to, no hay mis que uno, 2No tiene mas que un libro? Neenah 1 srahe beh OO-ioBi) NON Gees WER jnaks ah bon Lue UrOh? No, there is only one. Have you only one book? i ‘ios, cuatro, cinco, , sefior, tengo varios, ark sehn-YouR, TEHN-goh VANR-yohs, KwaH-lroh, THEEN-koh. ‘ir, I have several, four, five. No, sit, {May varias mesas aqui? No, no hay mas que una. Pyaunyahs Mew-sahs ake? Noh, noh I mahs keh oo-nah. ‘Are there several tables here? —_No, there is only one. No bay més que una silla aqui? Kok I mals keh oo-nah sezvyah al-nee? Is there only one chair here? No, sefior, hay mas de una, hay varias. Noh, sehn-vour, I mahs deh oo-nah, I van-yahs. No, sir, there are more than one, there are several. NOTE to Student: @ no mds que = "not more than, mds de = "more than,” ‘only.” Este sombrero es negro, este otro es gris. Ess-tch sohm-rresvroh ess New-groh, Ess-leh ou-troh ess grees. This hat is black, this other one is grey. Esta regla es larga, Ia otra es corta. Ess-tah nuucglah ess LAun-gah, lah ou-trah ess Roun-tah. ‘This ruler is long, the other one is short. 2Son rojos los sombreros? Sohn now-hohs loks sohm-nrewrohs? Are the hats red? No. son dle diferentes colores, uno es negro y otro es gris, Noh, cohn deh dee-feh-nenn-tehs koh-Loi-chs, oo-noh ess NEH-groh £¢ olttroh ess greess. No, they are of different colors, one is black and the other is grey. jCudl es ta diferencia entre 5 y 8 rae ess lah dee-feh-reuntivyah ENN-treh THEEN-koh ce ou-choh? hat is the difference between § and 8? Ex 4, Ex trens, It is three.80 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH Aqui hay varios libros: uno es rojo, otro es gris, Al-xee J vaur-yohs LEE-brohs: oo-noh ess RoWhoh, OH-Iroh ess Breess, Here are several books: one is red, another is grey, $ otro verde, y otros azules, on-troh venr-deh, ee Oll-trohs ah-THOOL-es, another green, and others blue. ¢Son todos los libros del mismo color? Sohn tou-dohs lohs vee-brohs dehl Mmers-moh koh-Lour? Are all the books of the same color? No, unos son de un color y otros de otros colores, Noh, 00-nohs sohn deh oon kok-Lour ee on-trohs deh on-trohs koh-Lounes, No, some are of one color and others of other colors. 2Son estas cajas del mismo color? Sohn Esstahs KAt-hahs dehl sEEs-moh koh-LOHR? Are these boxes of the same color? No, unas son negras y otras rojas. Noh, 0o-nahs soln Neitgrahs ce ow-trahs RoWhahs, No, some are black and others red.Fexoee ene THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHE SPANISH 81 ‘THINKING IN SPANISH (Answers on page 257) . ¢Cuinto dinero tiene Chiquita? . ¢Liene tanto dinero como el profesor? Quin tiene mis dinero, el profesor o Dofia Felicidad? . iene el profesor lipices detris de su oreja? . Tiene mas lipices que Chiquita? . ¢Tiene Chiquita tantos libros como el profesor? . Quién tiene mas libros? 8. ¢Quidn tiene menos dinero? éTiene Chiquita mucho dinero? 10. {Tiene el profesor muchos libros? + dLeemos muchas palabras espafiolas? » @Quién escribe mas frases, nosotros o el profesor? ' ¢Hay muchas paginas en este libro? | 2Hay mas piginas en el diccionario que en este libro? » ¢Cuinto dinero tiene Dojia Felicidad? . ¢Cudnto dinero ti en Dofia Felicidad y Chiquita juntas? » Cudnto dinero tienen el profesor y Dofia Felicidad juntos? md. ‘ene sombrero Chiquita? 19. ¢Tiene sombrero Doia Felicidad? * Quien no tiene sombrero?LECCION 14 ¢Qué hacemos? Keh ah-THEH-mohs? What do we do? ‘Tome Ud. un libro. Ud. toma un libro. ‘Tou-meh oos-rEnp oon tee-broh. Oos-TEHD TOH-mah oon LeE-broh. Take a book. You take a book. Yo tomo un libro, Yoh torwmoh oon LEE-broh. I take a book. Nosotros (Usted y yo) tomamos un libro. Nok-son-trohs (oos-Tenp ce yoh) tol-matr-mohs oon 1zE-broh. We (you and 1) take a book. Qué hace Ud? Yo tomo ua libro. Keh au-theh oos Temp? Yoh tow-moh oon Lex-broh. What do you do? I take a book. Qué hago yo? Ud. toma un libro. Keh an-goh yoh? Oos-re1t Ton-mah oon iee-brok. What do I do? You take a book 82THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH 83 ug hacemos? Nosotros tomamos un libro. oh ah-rHEn-mohst Noh-sou-trohs toh-mav-mohs oon Lee-broh. What do we do? We take a book. OBSERVE: This lesson indicates the plural endings for the a verbs you have already studied. Notice that they follow practically the same pattern as tener in the preceding lesson. 4 {Qué hace el Sr. Valle? eh asvtheh ell sehn-vour VanLyeh? ‘What docs Mr, Valle do? £1 Sr. Valle toma su sombrero. Ell sehn-voun VAut-yeh Tou-mah soo sohm-neet-roh. Mr. Valle takes his hat. 2Qué hacen los alumnos? Ellos toman sus sombreros. Kh au-thehn lohs ah-Loom-nohs? Ent-yohs Tou-mahn soos sohm-nrex-rohs. What do the pupils do? They take their hats. 2Qué hago yo? Keh asvgoh yoht What do 1 do? Yo pongo mi libro encima de la mesa. Yok voun-gah mee vex-broh enn-turs-mah deh lah seensah. I put my book on the table. Ponga Ud. su libro encima de la mesa. Poun-gah oos-reup soo tee-broh enn-tuze-mch deh lah eettsah. Put your book on the table. iene hace Ud? ¢h Autheh oos-rexp? What do you do? ¥o pongo mi libro encima de Ia mesa. Yok voun-goh mee vee-broh enn-tuee-mah deh lah wexsah. T put my book on the table. eQué hacemos? Keh ah-rHen-mohs? What do we do? (Nosotros) ponemos nuestros libros encima de la mesa. Woh-son-trohsy poh-nzitmohs Nwenstrohs Lee-brohs enn-tHre-mah deh Gh MEn-sah, We put our books on the table.84 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH eee west NOTE on Plural: Possessive adjectives agree in number with the nouns they modify. Ex: “My tie”, Mi corbata; "yy ties", mis corbatas. Abra Ud. su libro. Qué hace Ud? Ait-brah oos-TEnD 500 LeE-broh. Keh an-theh oos-vexn? Open your book. What do you do? Yo abro mi libro, Yoh au-broh mee uxtbroh. I open my book. (Nosotros) abrimos nuestros Libros. (Vok-sow-trols) ah-aREE-mohs NWEHS-trohs LeE-brohs, We open our books. 2Qué hacemos? Abrimos nuestroe libros. Keh ah-THen-mohs? AMBREE-mohs NWEHS-trohs Let-brohs, What do we do? We open our books, Ud. es un hombre; yo soy un hombre. Oos-reup ess oon onn-breh; yoh soy oon oun-breh, You are a man; 7 am a man. Qué somos nosotros? Somos hombres. Keh sou-mohs noh-sou-trohs? Sou-mohs oun-brehs, What are we? We are men. Ella es una mujer; ellas son mujeres. Enyah ess oo-nah moo-ner; FHL-yahs sohn moo-Hes-rehs. She is a woman; they are women. Los alumnos abren sus libros. Lohs ah-tooxcnohs av-brehn soos urx-brohs. ‘The pupils open their books. ¢Qué hacen los alumnos? Abren sus libros. Keh aw-thehn lohs ah-oom-nohs? —Au-brekn soos Ler-brohs. What do the pupils do? ‘They open their books. Nosotros cerramos Ja ventana. Noh-sow-trohs theh-rran-mohs lah vehn-tau-nah, We close the window. Los alumnos cierran sus libros, Lohs ak-.oom-nohs th'vEstrrahn soos LEE-brohs. ‘The pupils close their books.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH ué hacen? Keh aycthehn? What do they do? Geiiores, cierren Uds, sus libros. 85 Cierran sus libros, Th'yeavrrahn soos LEE-brohs. They close their books, Scinvortrehs, th'VENTehn oOFTEMD-ehs soos uEx-brohs. Gentlemen, close your books, Qué hacen Uds? Koh authehn oostenpehs? What do you do? Abran Uds. sus libros. ‘Awbrain cos TEMDehs soos LeE-broks. Open your books. Abrimos nuestros libros. Al-uexe-mohs Nwens-trohs Lex-brohs. We open our books. ‘Tomemos nuestros sombreros, Cerramos nuestros libros. ThelvrRatmohs NWENS-trohs LEE-brohs, We close our books. (Qué hacen? Keh awthehn? What do you do? Tohanmohs nwens-troks sohm-sren-rohs, Let us take our hats. 2Qué tomamos? Keh toh-mau-mohs? What do we take? ZTomamos nuestros sombreros? Nuestros sombreros, Nwens-(rohs sohm-bren-rohs, Our hats, Tok-sawmohs xweus-trohs sohm-arew-rohs? Do we take our hats? Si, sefior, lor comamos, See, sehn-vorm, lohs toh-man-mohs, Yes, sir, we take them. Ud. escribe, OO-TEND cxs-KREE-beh, you write, 2Qué hacemos? Reh ab-rizu-mohs? What do we do? éEn qué escribimos? Enn keh ess-hree-nee-mohs? On what do we write? Un sefior escribe, Ao Sehn-vour ess-KREz-beh, ™ gentleman writes, Yo escribo, Yok ess-knee-boh, I write, nosotros escribimos, nol-sou-trohs ess-kree-BEE-mohs, we write, Escribimos, Ess-kree-nee-mohs. We write, En el papel. Enn ell pah-ren, On the paper. dos sciiores escriben, dohs sehn-vou-rehs ess-KREE-behn, two gentlemen write86 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISY ¢En dénde escribe el profesor? En la pizarra, Enn poun-deh essxaxe-beh ell proh-fehsoun? — Enn lah pee-tHanrah, ‘Where does the teacher write? On the blackboard, gEn dénde escriben los alumnos? En el papel. Enn vonn-deh essxnes-behn lols ah-Loos-nohs? Enn ell pah-resn, Where do pupils write? On the paper, Yo leo un libro. Uds. sefiores, lean en la pizarra, Yoh .ui-oh oon uxe-broh, Oos-teadehs sehn-voun-ehs, teivalin enn lah I read a book. pee-tuan-rrah, You gentlemen, read from the blackboard, Nosotros Ieemos. Un seiior lee; Noh-sou-trohs leh-ea-mohs. Oon sekn-vour triveh; We read. A gentleman rea dos sefiores leen. dohs sehn-vou-rehs tesrehn. two gentlemen read, 2Qué hace el profesor? Lee Keh awtheh ell proh-feh-soun? — Luaveh, ‘What does the teacher do? He reads. 2Qué hacen los alumnos? Leen. Keh au-thehn lohs ah-Loom-nohs? Leu-ehn, What do the pupils do? ‘They read. Ud. esta en la clase, ¢Dénde estamos nosotros? Oos-renp ess-Tau enn lak kLan-seh, Doun-deh essran-mohs nol-sor-trohs, You are in the class. Where are we? Estamos en la clase. Essrau-mohs enn lah Kiawseh, We are in the class. Yo voy al teatro; Ud. va al teatro; Yoh voy ahl teh-aw-troh; oos-TEKD vah ahl teh-an-troh; I go to the theater; you go to the theater; nosotros vamos al teatro, noh-sou-trohs VAH-mohs ahl teh-au-troh. we go to the theater. EL Sr. Quintero va al teatro; Ell sehn-vour Keen-teat-roh vah ahi teh-au-troh; Mr. Quintero goes to the theater; el Sr. Campana ya a la iglesia. ell sehn-voux Kahm-van-nah vah ah lah ee-cuens-yah. Mr, Campana goes to the church.THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHE 87 aan y Pablo van a Ia escuela. Fiennes ce Panbloh vahn ah lah esexwervleh, Jann and Paull go to the school La Sra. de Garrido va a Ja tienda, Loh schn-vortvah deh Gahrrze-doh vah ah lah t'yen-dah, Mrs. Garrido goes to the store. gVoy yo al teatro? Si, Ud. va al teatro. Foy yok all tch-aw-troh? See, oos-reu vah ahl teh-av-troh. Do I go to the theater? Yes, you go to the theater, {Va Ud, al teatro? Si, yo yoy al teatro. Yah oos-venp ahl teh-au-troh? See, yoh voy ahl teh-attroh, Do you go to the theater? Yes, I go to the theater, zAdénde va el Sr. Campana? Ai-poun-deh vah ell sehn-vour Kahm-raw-nah? Where does Mr. Gampana go? Va a Ia iglesia. Vah ah lah ce-c.ensyah. He goes to church. {Vamos nosotros al teatro o a Ia iglesia? Vattmohs noh-son-trohs ail tch-atctroh oh ah lah ee-crens-yah? De we go to the theater or to church? Vamos al teatro, Vai-mohs ahl teh-an-troh. We go to the theater. éAdonde van Juan y Pablo? Van a Ia escuela. Al-vouxdeh vahn Hwann ee Paw-bloh? Vahn ah lak essxwenlah, Where do John and Paul go? They go to school. Stes, Campana y Bertin, van Uds. a Madrid? Schn-vou-rehs Kahm-ran-nah ee Behr-reen, vahn oas-renp-ehs ah Mah-oneen? Mesirs. Campana and Bertin, do you go to Madrid? Si, Sefior, alli vamos, see, sehn-voun, ahl-yvEE VAH-mohs. * sit, we are going there. tAdonite va la Sra, de Garrido? omedeh vah la sehn-vou-rah deh Gah-rrgx-doh? ere does Mrs, Garrido go?88 THE BERLITZ SELF-TEACHER: SPANISH Va a la tienda. Venimos aqui. Vah ah lah t'yenn-dah, Veh-NEE-mohs ah-KEE, She goes to the store. We come here. 2Viene el Sr. Berlitz a la clase? V'yen-neh ell sehn-vour Benr-leets ah lah KLan-seh? Does Mr, Berlitz come to the class? Si, viene a la clase, See, u'yet-neh ah lah xraw-seh. Yes, he comes to the class. 2Vienen los ulumnos a Ia clase? Vrveitnehn lohs ahoowenohs ah lah xLatseh? Do the pupils come to the class? Si, vienen a la clase. See, v'yeu-nehn ah lah xLawseh. Yes, they come to the class, NOTE: Observe how the imperative with nosotros is formed in the following verbs. pongam “let us put” vengamos let us come” traigamos = “let us bring” escribamos let us write” hablemas = “let us speak” Pongamos los lipices encima de la mesa. Pohn-cau-mohs lohs waupee-thehs enn-rnet-mah deh lah mexsah, Let us put the pencils on the table. 2En dénde ponemos los lipices? Enn voun-deh poh-neit-mohs lohs tan-pee-thehs? Where do we put the pencils? Los ponemos encima de la mesa. Lohs poh-nestmohs enn-trex-mah deh lah set-sah, We put them on the table.

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