CHAPTER2

HumanRelations(n)

Article19.Everypersonmust,intheexerciseofhisrightsandintheperformanceofhisduties,actwithjustice,give
everyonehisdue,andobservehonestyandgoodfaith.
Article20.Everypersonwho,contrarytolaw,willfullyornegligentlycausesdamagetoanothershallindemnifythelatter
forthesame.
Article21.Anypersonwhowillfullycauseslossorinjurytoanotherinmannerthatiscontrarytomorals,goodcustoms
orpublicpolicyshallcompensatethelatterforthedamage.
Article22.Everypersonwhothroughanactofperformancebyanother,oranyothermeans,acquiresorcomesinto
possessionofsomethingattheexpenseofthelatterwithoutjustorlegalground,shallreturnthesametohim.
Article23.Evenwhenanactoreventcausingdamagetoanother'spropertywasnotduetothefaultornegligenceofthe
defendant,thelattershallbeliableforindemnityifthroughtheactoreventhewasbenefited.
Article24.Inallcontractual,propertyorotherrelations,whenoneofthepartiesisatadisadvantageonaccountofhis
moraldependence,ignorance,indigence,mentalweakness,tenderageorotherhandicap,thecourtsmustbevigilantfor
hisprotection.
Article25.Thoughtlessextravaganceinexpensesforpleasureordisplayduringaperiodofacutepublicwantor
emergencymaybestoppedbyorderofthecourtsattheinstanceofanygovernmentorprivatecharitableinstitution.
Article26.Everypersonshallrespectthedignity,personality,privacyandpeaceofmindofhisneighborsandother
persons.Thefollowingandsimilaracts,thoughtheymaynotconstituteacriminaloffense,shallproduceacauseofaction
fordamages,preventionandotherrelief:
(1)Pryingintotheprivacyofanother'sresidence;
(2)Meddlingwithordisturbingtheprivatelifeorfamilyrelationsofanother;
(3)Intriguingtocauseanothertobealienatedfromhisfriends;
(4)Vexingorhumiliatinganotheronaccountofhisreligiousbeliefs,lowlystationinlife,placeofbirth,physicaldefect,
orotherpersonalcondition.
Article27.Anypersonsufferingmaterialormorallossbecauseapublicservantoremployeerefusesorneglects,without
justcause,toperformhisofficialdutymayfileanactionfordamagesandotherreliefagainstthelatter,withoutprejudice
toanydisciplinaryadministrativeactionthatmaybetaken.
Article28.Unfaircompetitioninagricultural,commercialorindustrialenterprisesorinlaborthroughtheuseofforce,
intimidation,deceit,machinationoranyotherunjust,oppressiveorhighhandedmethodshallgiverisetoarightofaction
bythepersonwhotherebysuffersdamage.
Article29.Whentheaccusedinacriminalprosecutionisacquittedonthegroundthathisguilthasnotbeenproved
beyondreasonabledoubt,acivilactionfordamagesforthesameactoromissionmaybeinstituted.Suchactionrequires
onlyapreponderanceofevidence.Uponmotionofthedefendant,thecourtmayrequiretheplaintifftofileabondto
answerfordamagesincasethecomplaintshouldbefoundtobemalicious.

Ifinacriminalcasethejudgmentofacquittalisbaseduponreasonabledoubt,thecourtshallsodeclare.Intheabsenceof
anydeclarationtothateffect,itmaybeinferredfromthetextofthedecisionwhetherornottheacquittalisduetothat
ground.