Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Essay
Abbe/Dovholuk/Prabhu/Schotthoefer
Example:
One reason why the American public school year must be extended is so American students can
better compete against students from other countries. There is little doubt that the extra time
students in other countries devote to education contributes to the differences in
academic achievement (Getting Smarter). These differences will only continue to grow,
unless something is done to close the gap. American students deserve a better chance at competing in
a global age that an extended school year can help deliver.
This is when a writer subtly sets up the fact which is about to be
presented. This can be done by simply adding in a signal phrase before the
quotation. The purpose of a signal phrase is to transition smoothly from one fact to the next, and
ensure that the flow of writing is not interrupted.
The SUBTLE: Master
Example:
One reason why the American public school year must be extended is so American students can
better compete against students from other countries. According to the report Getting Smarter,
Becoming Fairer, There is little doubt that the extra time students in other countries
devote to education contributes to the differences in academic achievement. These
differences will only continue to grow, unless something is done to close the gap. American students
deserve a better chance at competing in a global age that an extended school year can help deliver.
This is when a writers own words seem to flow directly into that of the
source. Not only does it set the reader up for the fact that is about to be
presented, but it is thoughtful in its phrasing and structure. Without the sign of it would be hard to
tell what words were the writers and which were from the source. This is the most sophisticated way
of incorporating direct quotations into your writing.
The SEAMLESS: Aspire
Example:
One reason why the American public school year must be extended is so American students can
better compete against students from other countries. After careful consideration of the number of
days American students spend in school compared to the school calendars of other industrialized
nations, There is little doubt that the extra time students in other countries devote to
education contributes to the differences in academic achievement (Getting
Smarter). These differences will only continue to grow, unless something is done to close the gap.
American students deserve a better chance at competing in a global age that an extended school year
can help deliver.
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual: Fourth Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2004.
Carolyn Stahl & Jodie Dovholuk