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All
angles are 90 degrees
All
sides are equal length
c
ontains 2 particles
8
corners + 6 faces= 4 atoms / unit cell
# of atoms/Unit cells
vol
radius
Simple cubic
1 atom/unit cell
a3
a/ 2 = r
Body-centered
2 atoms/unit cells
3 x a = 4 atomic radii
a3
a3/ 4 = r
Face-centered
4 atoms/unit cell
2 x a = 4 atomic radii
a3
a2/4= r
CsCl
Ionic Solids have ions that occupy the positions in the unit cell
Octahedral Holes: Na + are said to be in octahedral holes because surrounded
by 6 Cl- and makes an 8 sided crystal
is the energy gap between levels are extremely small. So electron can move to higher
energy state (absorb energy) then can emit a photon to return electron to original level.
This rapid and efficient absorption and emission of light make polished metal surfaces be
reflective and shiny
Metals are shiny (lustrous), malleable, and ductile
Semiconductors
Band gap: a barrier to the promotion of electrons to a higher
energy level
GROUP 4A: orbitals of valence band are completely filled, but
the conduction band is empty
Intrinsic semiconductors: naturally occurring property of the
pure material
Extrinsic semiconductors: conductivity of material is changed
by adding/doping the material with a different element
p-type: positive holes are created
n-type: negative holes are created
13.4 Bonding in Ionic Compounds:Lattice Energy
Reminder: Ionic compounds have high melting points because ion-ion
interactions are so strong
Lattice Energy
Ionic cpds held together by
extensive attractions between ions of opposite charge
and repulsion between ions of like charges(Coulombs
law)
Dissolution of Solids in Liquids
The energy released when a mole of formula units of a solid is
formed from its constituent ions in the gas phase is called the crystal lattice energy
a solid
network (covalent)
ionic
metallic
Molecular