Assignment 28 Februari

POST MODULE ASSIGNMENT OF
POWER CABLES
HAIDAR ISMAIL
STUDENT ID: 140154861
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report present the analysis of the power cable when The Lime St. Station requires a new
electricity infeed.
This report contain four parts:
Part 1 identify the possible sources for supplying 60MVA peak to Lime St. Station
Part 2 the analysis of the power cable if Paradise St. Substation is chosen as the source
Part 3 the analysis of alternative option, connect to 132 kV cable Lister Drive-Paradise St.
Substation.
Part 4 further work required, conclusion, and suggestion.
In this report, connection to existing 132 kV cable Lister Drive- Paradise St. Substation is chosen as
the best option as provide lower cost, fewer problems, and simple installation.
2 | Haidar Ismail PMA Power Cables
PART 1
Background
Liverpool Lime Street Rail Station requires a new electricity infeed. The new load of the station is
cyclic, peaking at 60 MVA. The load is cyclic because there are fewer trains at night. The station
require the minimum 20 MVA firm capacity so the train still can get start although the main supply is
out of service.
The load curve of the Lime Street Station is depicted in the graph below
Figure 1 Load Curce of Lime Street Station ( taken from the assignment paper)
It is clearly seen that the load is peaking around 60 MVA for 6 hours start from 13.00 to 19.00.
Sustained or peak rating of the load basis is used to determine the size of the cable. The considerations
why it is better to use peak rating than cyclic rating are because:
There is not enough data to calculate cyclic rating.

There are lot of uncertainty in cyclic rating calculation itself.
Because there are more uncertainty factor when selecting the cable size using cyclic rating
rather than using peak rating, hence it is safer to use peak load rating.
To specify cable rating, there are some assumption used in this report:
Item
Thermal Resistivity
( using stabilise backfill - sand-gravel
mixture consisting of a 1 : 1 mixture of selected sand and gravel [1] page
480)
Value
1.2 Km/W
Depth of laying
Ground temperature
900 mm
150 C on summer
50 C on winter
Table 1 List of Assumption
The locations of the rail station and the existing substation and line are shown in the map below:
Figure 2 Map ( from google map)
Figure 3 Lime St. Station - taken from google maps
Connection Options
N
o
Possible Source
Capacity
(MVA)
Load
(MVA)
Spare
Capacity
(MVA)
Connect to Substation
Remark
Lister Drive
132 kV
3x270 MVA
66 kV
Unknown
50 %=
3x137.5
Unknown
33 kV
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
11 kV
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Possible
unknown
Possible if additional
transformer is provided
142.5
45
142.5
15
142.5 MVA available

15 MVA available
142.5
40
142.5
20
142.5 MVA available

20 MVA available
3.75
3.75
36.25
3.75
36.25 MVA available

3.75 MVA available
3.75
3.75
36.25
3.75
36.25 MVA available

3.75 MVA available
3.75
3.75
36.25
3.75
36.25 MVA available

3.75 MVA available
3.75
3.75
36.25
3.75
36.25 MVA available

3.75 MVA available
3.75
3.75
36.25
3.75
36.25 MVA available

3.75 MVA available
75
75
Possible
67.5
67.5
Possible
150
75
75
Possible
4x20
3x3.75
=11.25
3x3.75
=11.25
68.75
Possible
68.75
Possible
Paradise St. Substation
132 kV
150+135=285
33 kV
60
3
Burlington St. Substation
132 kV
150+135=285
33 kV
60
4
Greek St. Sub.
33kV
40
11 kV
7.5
5
Copperas Hill
Sub
33kV
40
11 kV
7.5
6
Oldham Place
Sub
33kV
40
11 kV
7.5
7
Bolton St. Sub
33kV
40
11 kV
7.5
8
Lime St. Sub
33kV
40
11 kV
7.5
Tapping to existing cable
1
132 kV
Lister Drive
150
Paradise St
Paradise St.
135
Burlington St.
Lister Drive
Burlington St.
2
3x137.5
33 kV
Paradise St
Lister Drive
Burlington StParadise St
4x20
Table 2 Source List
From the above map, there are several possible source for supplying 60 MVA peak and 20 MVA firm
capacity to the Lime St. Station:
1) Both 60 MVA peak load and 20 MVA firm capacity are supplied from the same source :
a) Both are supplied from Lister Drive Substation 132kV/66kV/33kV/11 kV.
i) 132 kV
There is 3x137.5 total spare capacity from 275/132 kV transformers.
ii) 66 kV
There is no data about existing transformer capacity. However, it is still possible to
connect from 66 kV Lister Drive if a new transformer is provided as worst case scenario.
iii) 33 kV
iv) 11 kV
All of above options need to provide additional switchgears, build a new switchroom, or
extend the existing switchroom.
b) Both 60 MVA peak load and 20 MVA firm capacity are supplied from Paradise Street
Substation.
i) 132 kV
- The total possible capacity of this substation is when it receive full cable capacity
current from Lister Drive and Burlington St. Substation:
150 MVA + 135 MVA = 285 MVA.
These cables are not loaded above 50% of their ratings, hence the spare capacity from
this substation is:
285 MVA - 150 MVA/2 +135 MVA/2= 142.5 MVA
-
There is no information about the rating of the busbar. Then, the worst case scenario
is to assume that the minimum capacity of the 132 kV busbar is the same as the
capacity of the 132 kV/33 kV transformer (assume there is no 132 kV load near from
this substation). Hence capacity of 132 kV busbar in this substation is 60 MVA.
Therefore, it is required to reinforce the substation by providing additional 132 kV
switchgear, reinforcing the busbar, extending the switchroom building or building a
new switchroom, or use outdoor switchgear.

ii) 33 kV
Because 132/33 kV transformer in this substation only has 15 MVA spare capacity, it is
required to reinforce the substation by providing additional minimum 65 MVA 132/33
transformer, additional 33 kV switchgear (connected to the new transformer), extending

the switchroom building or build a new switchroom, or use outdoor switchgear.
Figure 4 Paradise St. Substation - taken from google maps
c) Both 60 MVA peak load and 20 MVA firm capacity are supplied from Burlington Street
Substation.
i) 132 kV
The total possible capacity of this substation is when it receive full cable capacity current
from Lister Drive and Burlington St. Substation:
150 MVA + 135 MVA = 285 MVA.
These cables are not loaded above 50% of their ratings, hence the spare capacity from
this substation is:
285 MVA- 150 MVA/2 +135 MVA/2= 142.5 MVA
There is no information about the rating of the busbar. Then, the worst case scenario is to
assume that the minimum capacity of the 132 kV busbar is the same as the capacity of
the 132 kV/33 kV transformer (assume there is no 132kV load near from this substation).
Hence capacity of 132 kV busbar in this substation is 60 MVA. Therefore, it is required
to reinforce the substation by providing additional 132 kV switchgears, reinforcing the
busbar, extending the switchroom building or building a new switchroom, or use outdoor
switchgear.
ii) 33 kV
Because Transformer in this substation only has 20 MVA capacity, it is required to
reinforce the substation by providing additional minimum 60 MVA 132/33 transformer,
additional 33 kV switchgears (connected to the new transformer), extending the

switchroom building or build a new switchroom, or just use outdoor switchgears.
Figure 5 Burlington St. Substation- taken from google maps
2) Both 60 MVA peak load and 20 MVA firm capacity are supplied from the different source:
a) 132 kV
The peak load is supplied from either one of three 132kV substation (Lister Drive, Paradise
St, Burlington St) or tapping to existing 132 kV cable. The firm capacity is supplied from
either one of three 132 substation (Lister Drive, Paradise St, Burlington St) or tapping to 132
kV cable but with different location with peak load source.
b) 33 kV
- Capacity of 33/11 kV substation
The total possible capacity of this substation is when it receive full cable capacity current
from two 20 MVA cable
2x20 MVA = 40 MVA

The load of each substation is 7.5/2= 3.75 MVA.
Hence the spare capacity from this substation is:
40 MVA 3.75 MVA = 36.25 MVA
-
There is no information about the rating of the busbar. Then, the worst case scenario is to
assume that the minimum capacity of the 33 kV busbar is the same as the capacity of the
33 kV/11 kV transformer (assume there is no 33
kV load near from this substation).
Hence capacity of 33 kV busbar in this substation is 7.5 MVA. Therefore, it is required to

reinforce the substation by providing additional 33 kV switchgear, reinforcing the busbar,
extending the switchroom building or building a new switchroom, or use outdoor

switchgear.
-
The peak load is supplied from either 33 kV substation near the Lime Station or tapping
the 33 kV cable. The firm capacity is supplied from either 33 kV substation near the
Lime Station or tapping the 33 kV cable but with different location with peak load
source.
c) Combination of above alternatives.
In this report, the 11 kV is not used as the source because the spare capacity is too small.
Cable Ampacity Rating at Each of Level Voltage
In this section will be discussed the cable current carry capacity rating. But this rating just for
illustration only and detailed calculation will be discussed further in the specific case (alternative
connection). In current calculation, the ground temperature in summer is used as worst case scenario.
The reason is because the rating cable in summer will be lower than the rating in the winter. The cable
should be able to carry the full load current either in summer and winter.
1) 132 kV
a. Type of Cable
b. Conductor
c. Insulation, components
d. Core
e. Rated Voltage
f. Formation
g. Depth of laying
h. Ampacity
: Fluid Filled Cable

: copper
: Paper insulation, lead sheath, PE oversheath
: three core
: 132 kV
:: 900 mm. inside the trench.
:
For 60 MVA cable

The current for the 60 MVA load is
Load of Lime Street Station

Voltage 1.732
1
ground temp . rf ( 150 C ) thermalresistivity rf (1.2 K
60 MVA
132 kV 1.732
1
1 1
= 262.44 A
(rf = rating factor)
m
)
W
(From the Fluid Filled Cable Handbook, the cable rating is for cable laid direct at 900 mm to cable
top. Hence the rating factor is 1)
If 60 MVA load and 20 MVA firm capacity are supplied from different substation/source =
Only one circuit is in the trench.
No rating factor for circuit spacing. Hence I = 262.4 A.
From the handbook, choose 120 mm2 cable, rating 335 A in the summer.
If 60 MVA load and 20 MVA firm capacity are supplied from same substation/source =
Two circuits are in the trench. It is better if both two cable use the same rating.
Rating factor for circuit spacing 450 mm is 0.83.
Hence I =
262.4 A .
0.83
= 316.15 A.
For 20 MVA cable

Voltage 1.732
1
20 MVA
132 kV 1.732
m
)
W
1
1 1
= 87.48 A
(rf = rating factor)
Only one circuit is in the trench.
No rating factor for circuit spacing. Hence I = 87.48 A.
10 | H a i d a r I s m a i l P M A P o w e r C a b l e s
Two circuits are in the trench. Hence it is better if use the same cable with other circuit.
Two cable use the same rating.
From the handbook, choose 120 mm2 cable, rating 335A in the summer.
2) 66 kV
a. Type of Cable
b. Conductor
: copper
c. Insulation, components : Paper insulation, lead sheath, PE oversheath
d. Core
: three core
e. Rated Voltage
: 66 kV
f. Formation
:g. Depth of laying
: 900 mm. inside the trench.
h. Ampacity
:
For 60 MVA cable

Voltage 1.732
1
60 MVA
66 kV 1.732
m
)
W
1
1 1
= 524.88 A
Only one circuits is in the trench.
No rating factor for circuit spacing. Hence I = 524.88A.
Two circuits are in the trench. Two cable use the same rating.
Rating factor for circuit spacing 450 mm is 0.83.
Hence I =
524.88 A .
0.83
= 632.39 A.
Figure 6 Data of 66 kV cable 3 core copper, lead sheath - take from Fluid Filled Cable Handbook
For 20 MVA cable


Voltage 1.732
1
20 MVA
66 kV 1.732
m
)
W
1
1 1
= 175 A
Only one circuits is in the trench.
No rating factor for circuit spacing. Hence I = 175 A.
Two circuits are in the trench.
Hence it is better if use the same cable with other circuit
Figure 7 Cable data for 66 kV 3 core copper lead sheath cable - taken from Fluid Filled Cable
Handbook
3) 33 kV
a. Type of Cable
b. Conductor
: copper
d. Core
: three core
e. Rated Voltage
: 33 kV
f. Formation
:g. Depth of laying
h. Ampacity
:
For 60 MVA cable

Voltage 1.732
1
60 MVA
33 kV 1.732
m
)
W
1
1 1
= 1049.76 A
Because typical 33kV (3 core solid cable) have typical capacity of 25 MVA 437.40 A, it is
required to use 3 cable at minimum (total capacity = 3x25 MVA =75 MVA). Hence rating factor
for 3 circuit with 450mm circuit spacing is
Rating factor = 0.78
437.40
0.78
Hence cable capacity become =
= 560.77 A
(Rating factor for laying depth is 1)
Choose 300 mm2 cable, rating 574 A in the summer.
There are 4 cables used and lied in the same trench, 3 cables for 60 MVA load and 1 cable
for 20 MVA load.
Rating factor for 4 circuit with 450 mm spacing is 0.71.
Hence I =
437.40
0.71
= 616.06 A.
For 20 MVA cable

If 60 MVA load and 20 MVA firm capacity are supplied from different substation/source ,
There is only one 20 MVA cable in the trench.

Voltage 1.732
1
0

=
20 MVA
33 kV 1.732
m
)
W
1
1 1
= 349.91 A
There is only one 20 MVA 3 core cable in the trench.
So I = 349.91 A
There are 4 cables used and lied in the same trench, 3 cables for 60 MVA load and 1 cable
for 20 MVA load.
Rating factor for 4 circuit with 450 mm spacing is 0.71.
Hence I =
437.40
0.71
= 616.06 A.
Options Explanation
This report will discuss three of the possible sources. However there are many options this part. The
given options is carefully chosen to represent the possible sources from various places and voltage
level.
1. Alternative 1: Connection to 132 kV on 132/33 kV substation. 60 MVA cable from Paradise
Street Substation, 20 MVA cable from Burlington Street Substation. In this alternatives, the
load will be supplied from two different sources:
Paradise Street for 60 MVA load.
Burlington Street for 20 MVA firm capacity.
20 MVA firm capacity is achieved by provide 60 MVA cable from Paradise Street and 20 MVA
cable from Burlington Street. Hence if something going wrong with the Burlington Street, the
Paradise Street still can cope 60 MVA load (> minimum firm capacity). On the other hand, if
something going wrong with Paradise Street, Burlington still can cope 20 MVA load (minimum
firm capacity)
60 MVA peak load cable from Paradise Street Substation
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Type of Cable
Conductor
: copper
Insulation, components
Core
: Three core
Rated Voltage
: 132 kV
Formation
:Depth of laying
Ampacity
:
For 60 MVA cable

Voltage 1.732
1
60 MVA
132 kV 1.732
m
)
W
1
1 1
= 262.44 A
From the Fluid Filled Cable Handbook, choose 120 mm 2 cable with ampacity 335 A in the
summer.
i.
Quantity
j.
Route
: 1 x 120 mm2 three core cable
Figure 8 Route of Paradise Street Substation - Lime Street Station
Route length : around 920 m.

k. Cost :
The cost of the cable
920 m x 400 = 368,000
The cost of the trench
To calculate the trench cost, illustration of the trench is required. The width of the trench
for laying 3 x 120mm2 cable is =
2x50 mm (space from cable to the trench wall) + 1x 93.4 mm (diameter of
cable) = 193.4 mm.
To make it simple, set the width to 200 mm
The depth of the trench is 900 mm.
The cost of the trench for per metre cable =
0.9m 1 m 0.2m
0.3
x 100 = 60
Hence the cost of the trench is 920 m x 60 = 55,200.

20 MVA firm capacity cable from Burlington Street Substation
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Type of Cable
Conductor
Core
Rated Voltage
Formation
Depth of laying
Bonding
Rating Amps

: copper
: three core
: 132 kV
: cross bonding
:

Voltage 1.732
1
20 MVA
132 kV 1.732
m
)
W
1
1 1
= 87.48 A
summer.
i.
j.
Quantity
Route

:
Figure 9 Route of Burlington Street Substation - Lime Street Station
In this route, cable across the top of Kingsway Tunnel is shown in the circle.
Route length around 2.2 km
k. Cost :
2200 m x 400 = 880,000
For laying 1 x 120mm2 cable is
2x50 mm + 1x 93.4 mm = 193.4 mm.
0.9m 1 m 0.2m
0.3
x 100 = 60

2. Alternative 2: Connection to 66 kV on Lister Drive Substation. In this alternatives, both 60
MVA load and 20 MVA firm capacity will be supplied from the same source:
Lister Drive Substation.
For 60 MVA Peak Load cable
a. Type of Cable
b. Conductor

: copper
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Core
Rated Voltage
Formation
Depth of laying
Ampacity

: Three core
: 66 kV
:

Voltage 1.732
1
60 MVA
66 kV 1.732
m
)
W
1
1 1
= 524.88 A
Because 60 MVA cable and 20 MVA cable will be laid in the same trench =
Two circuits are in the trench.
Rating factor for 2 circuit spacing 450 mm for 3 core cable is 0.83.
Figure 10 Pic of table of rating factor of distance spacing - taken from Fluid FIlled Cable Handbook
Hence I =
524.88 A .
0.83
= 632.39 A.
Figure 11 Pic from table 5- taken from Fluid Filled Cable Handbook
i.
j.
Quantity
Route
:1 x 400 mm2 three core cable

:
Figure 12 Route of Lister Drive-Lime Street Station
Route length : around 4750 m.

k. Cost :
The cost of the cable per metre = 400/300 x 250 = 333
Hence the cost of the cable = 4750 m x 333= 1,581,750
For 20 MVA firm capacity cable

a. Type of Cable
b. Conductor
: copper
d. Core
: Three core
e. Rated Voltage
: 66 kV
f. Formation
:g. Depth of laying
h. Bonding
: cross bonding
i. Ampacity
: choose same with 60 MVA peak load cable, 400 mm2 cable, rating
648 A in the summer
j. Quantity
k. Route
: Same as 60 MVA cable
l. Cost
The cost of the cable per metre = 400/300 x 250 = 333
Hence the cost of the cable = 4750 m x 333= 1,581,750
The width of the trench for laying 2 x 400mm2 cable with 450 mm spacing is =
1 x 450 mm + 2x50 mm + 2x 90.4 mm = 730.8 mm.
Figure 13 Picture from table 5- cable diameter- taken from Fluid Filled Cable Handbook

0.9m 1 m 0.75 m
0.3
x 100 = 225
Hence the cost of the trench is 4750 m x 225 = 1,068,750.

3. Alternative 3: Connection to 132 kV of Lister Drive Substation for 60 MVA load and
connection to 33 kV of Burlington for 20 MVA load. In this alternatives, the load will be
supplied from two different sources:
Lister Drive Substation for 60 MVA load.
Burlington St Substation for 20 MVA firm capacity.
For 60 MVA peak load cable from Lister Drive
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Type of Cable
Conductor
Core
Rated Voltage
Formation
Depth of laying
Bonding
Ampacity

: copper
: Three core
: 132 kV
: cross bonding
:

Voltage 1.732
1
0
60 MVA
132 kV 1.732
m
)
W
1
1 1
= 262.44 A
summer.
j.
Quantity
k. Route
Figure 14 Route of Lister Drive-Lime Street Station
Route length: around 4750 m.

l.
Cost :
4750 m x 400 = 1,900,000
To calculate the cost of the cable, illustration of the trench is required. The width of the
trench for laying 1 x 120mm2 cable is =
2x 50 mm + 1x 93.4 mm = 193.4 mm.

0.9m 1 m 0.2m
0.3
x 100 = 60

For 20 MVA cable from Burlington
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Type of Cable
Conductor
Core
Rated Voltage
Formation
Depth of laying
Bonding

: copper
: three core
: 33 kV
: cross bonding
i.
Ampacity

Voltage 1.732
1
20 MVA
33 kV 1.732
1
1 1
= 349.91 A
There is only one 20 MVA 3 core cable in the trench.
So I = 349.91 A
j. Quantity
k. Route

:
m
)
W
Figure 15 Route of Burlington Street Substation - Lime Street Station
Route length around 2200 m.

In this route, cable across the top of Kingsway Tunnel is shown in the circle.
l.
Cost :
The cost of the cable =
The cost of the 3 core 150 mm2 33 kV cable per metre =
150/240 x 150 = 93.75
Hence the cost of the cable =
2200 m x 93.75 = 206,250
To calculate the cost of the cable, illustration of the trench is required. The width of the
trench for laying 1 x 150mm2 three core cable is
50 mm x 2 + 1x 62.6 mm = 162.6 mm.
0.9m 1 m 0.2m
0.3
x 100 = 60
PART 2
There are many ways to get the cable from Paradise Street Substation to Lime St. In this report, two
alternatives is discussed. In this alternative, the Lime St. Station will connect to 132 kV Paradise St.
Substation. It is also possible to connect to its 33 kV if additional 132/33 kV transformer with
minimum capacity of 65 MVA is provided.
1. Alternative 1 :
Figure 16 Route of Paradise St - Lime St alt. 1
The length of this route is around 880 m.

The advantages of this route are:
This route is short, only 880 m

Only need to cross one major road (red circle-when crossing lime street toward the station)
and cross one minor road (orange circle-when cable come out from the substation toward the
left side of the paradise street and when cable).

Because the route is short, the working hours needed for this route is small.
The route only cross one major road. It means that the route maybe only need to use special
excavation one times.
The disadvantages of this route are:
The route need to cross the lime street, which is the main entrance to the station. The
construction work may dissatisfied the passengers. Hence the construction and installation of
the cables should be consider the visual nuisance impact to the passenger.
This route is in vicinity of the existing 132 kV line. If the spacing between new route and
existing line is not calculated carefully, the rating of the new and existing line will reduce
significantly.
Working Hours
Assume for one man:
Working hours per metre cable is 4 hours
Working hours per crossing minor road work is 10 hours
Working hours per crossing major road is 72 hours
Hence the total working hours for this route is =
880 x 4 hours + 1 x 10 hours + 1x72 hours = 3602 hours per employee.
Excavation Method
The following actions is need to be carried out before excavation work:
Acquisition of legal permit
Obtain permission from local authorities, police forces, and others.
During excavation work, it is important to provide:
Signing and guarding of the work
Fulfil technical requirement for backfilling and reinstatement of the excavation.
Because this route need to cross one possibly busy road (lime street station-beige colour), the special
treatment need to be taken. The excavation work in the lime street can use several methods:
Guided boring
Thrust boring
Micro tunnelling
Auger boring
Deep tunnelling
Effect of adjacent cables on the new circuit(s) and effect of the new circuit(s) on
adjacent cables
This route is in vicinity of the existing 132 kV line. If the spacing between new route and existing line
is not calculated carefully, the rating of the new and existing line will reduce significantly. To reduce
the effect from existing line, several actions can be taken:
Obtain the existing route map to demonstrate the exact location of the existing 132 kV line.
To reduce the effect of the existing 132 kV cable to the new line, place the new cable with
enough distance to the existing 132 kV cable. For example if the existing cable is located on
the left side of the road, the new line should be placed in the right side of the road.
However sometimes the map is not accurate and the exact position of the existing cable sometimes
can be known after digging up the road during construction. This will waste time and money.
Type of the cable
In this alternatives, The 60 MVA load will connect to 132 kV line of Paradise St. Substation. The 132
kV, 2 x 30 MVA cable will be used.
20 MVA firm capacity is achieved by provide 2x 30 MVA cables from Paradise Street. Hence if
something going wrong with the one group of cables, the other cable still can cope 30 MVA load
(more than 20 MVA minimum firm capacity).
30 MVA cable from Paradise Street Substation
a. Type of Cable
b. Conductor

: Copper
Because in this assignment the cost of 132 kV cable is 400
irrespective of the conductor material, hence it is better to use
c.
d.
e.
f.
copper.
Insulation, components : Paper insulation, lead sheath, PE oversheath.
Rated Voltage
: 132 kV
Depth of laying
Ampacity
:
Cable Full load rating

x
Voltage 1.732
ground temp . rf ( 15 C ) thermalresistivity rf 1.2 K
30 MVA
132 kV 1.732
m
circuit spacing rf ( 450 mm)
W
1
1 1 0.83
= 158.09 A
-
If choose single core copper cable =
From the Fluid Filled Cable Handbook, choose 120 mm 2 cable with ampacity 364 A in
the summer with diameter 51.6 mm.
-
If choose 3 core copper cable =

From the Fluid Filled Cable Handbook, choose 120 mm 2 cable with ampacity 335 A in
the summer with diameter 98.4 mm.
It may be better to choose 3 core conductor. Although it is not common to use 3 core 132 kV
in Europe, it is common in the UK and the diameter of the conductor still reasonable (not very
large). Use 3 core cable in this assignment will also:
-
Save more money from cost of cable. If the project use 3 core cable, the project only
need to purchase 1/3 length of single core cable. For example: if the route length is
100 m, the project need to purchase 100 m of 3 core cable. If the project use single
core cable, the project need to purchase 300 m single core cable. (It only apply to this
assignment because the cost of 132 kV cable, either single core or 3 core, is 400 per
metre).
Provide narrower trench width. Narrow trench will reduce cost of trench construction
and allow less disturbance to the traffic.
Hence choose 120 mm2 cable, with rating 335 A in the summer.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Core
Quantity
Formation
Cable length
: three core
: 2 x 120 mm2, three core cables.
:: 880 m per group
In fact, each of these cable used in this project has capacity of:
335 A x 132 kV x 1.732 = 76.59 MVA.
Hence total capacity of the cable in this alternative is 76.59 MVA x 2 = 153.18 MVA. It is more than
enough to supply 60 MVA with 20 MVA firm capacity.
Cost
a. Cable Cost. There are 2 cables in this route :
2x880 m x 400 = 704,000
b. Trench cost
The width of the trench needed is:
450 mm + 2x50 mm + 2x 98.4 mm = 746.8
50mm
450mm
50mm
To make it simple, set the width to 750 mm.

Trench cost per metre cable is:
0.9m 1 m 0.75 m
0.3
x 100 = 225

Pulling Tension and Pulling Position
The allowable load limit is shown in the table 3 below
Table 3 Pulling load for conductor metal - taken from distance learning material chapter 5
Because the cable use 3 core coper conductor, hence the calculations must consider only two
conductor instead of three.
Allowable pulling load=2 50
N
120 mm2=12000 N1200 kg
2
mm
Hence the maximum allowable pulling load for this option is 1200 kg.
Assumption:
The load needed to pull the cable from the drum is 150 kg.
Cable rollers are used so friction factor = 0.2
Weight is obtained from the table 13 Fluid Filled Cable Handbook : 18.7 kg
Figure 17 Weight of cable data - taken from Fluid Filled Cable Handbook
a. Pulling from Paradise St. Substation

The tension pulling calculations are present below:
T 1 =T 0 + ( W L1 ) =150 kg+ 18.7
kg
60 m 0.2 =374.4 kg
m
T 2 =T 1 e =374.4 kg e
T 3 =461.63 kg+ 18.7
T 5 =1865.81kg + 18.7
12
0.2
2
3
=3575.66 kg
kg
130 m0.2 =4061.86 kg
m
T 7 =3575.66 kg+ 18.7
T 8 =4061.86 kg e
T 9=5561.12 kg+ 18.7
=1865.81kg
kg
130 m 0.2 =2352.01 kg
m
T 6 =2352.01 kg e
0.2
=5561.12 kg
kg
50 m 0.2 =5748.12 kg
m
T 10=5748.12 kg e
T 11 =6382.71 kg+ 18.7
0.2
=6382.71 kg
kg
60 m 0.2 =6607.11 kg
m
T 12=6607.11 kg e
=461.63 kg
T 4=1770.63 kg e
kg
350 m 0.2 =1770.63 kg
m
0.2
0.2
T final=8146.48 kg+ 18.7
0.2
=8146.48 kg
kg
100 m 0.2 =8520.48 kg
m
Therefore, the pulling tension from Paradise St to Lime St in this route is
8520.48 kg
b. Pulling from Lime St. station

T 1 =T 0 + ( W L1 ) =150 kg+ 18.7
kg
100 m 0.2 =524 kg
m
T 2 =T 1 e =524 kg e
T 3 =646.09 kg+ 18.7
0.2
=966.59 kg
kg
50 m 0.2 =995.29 kg
m
T 6 =995.29 kg e
T 7 =1362.66 kg+ 18.7
=1362.66 kg
0.2
T 9=2810.74 kg+ 18.7
kg
130 m0.2 =1848.86 kg
m
T 8 =1848.86 kg e
2
3
=2810.74 kg
kg
130 m 0.2 =3296.94 kg
m
0.2
T 10=3296.94 kg e
=646.09 kg
0.2
kg
60 m 0.2 =870.49 kg
m
T 4=870.49 kg e
T 5 =966.59 kg+ 18.7
0.2
T 11 =3474.17 kg+ 18.7
12
=3474.17 kg
kg
350 m 0.2 =4783.17 kg
m
0.2
T 12=4783.17 kg e
T final=5987.56 kg+ 18.7
=5987.56 kg
kg
60 m 0.2 =6211.96 kg
m
6211.96 kg.
It is obvious for this option the best initial position to pull the cable is from Lime St. Station. Also
because the pulling tension is exceed the allowable pulling load limit, it is required to divide the
route into multiple pulling position.
2. Alternative 2 :
Figure 18 Route of Paradise St - Lime St alt.2
The length of this route is approximately 910 m.

The advantages of this route are:
This route is short, only 910 m, but slightly longer than alternative 1.
Only need to cross one major road (red circle) and cross two minor road (orange circle).
Because the route is short, the working hours needed for this route is small.
The route only cross one major road. It means that the route maybe only need to use special
excavation one times.
The disadvantages of this route are:
The route need to cross the lime street, which is the main entrance to the station. The
construction work may dissatisfied the passengers. Hence the construction and installation of
the cables should be consider the visual nuisance impact to the passenger.
This route is in vicinity of the existing 132 kV line. If the spacing between new route and
existing line is not calculated carefully, the rating of the new and existing line will reduce
significantly.
Working Hours
Assume for one man:
910 x 4 hours + 2 x 10 hours + 1x72 hours = 3732 hours per employee.
Excavation Method
Same as alternative 1
Effect of adjacent cables on the new circuit(s) and effect of the new circuit(s) on adjacent cables
Unlike the first alternative, this route is far from existing 132 kV line. Because of this, the rating of
the new and existing line will not reduce. It is safe to suggest that this route will not violate the
existing 132 kV line.
Type of the cable
In this alternatives, The 60 MVA load will connect to 132 kV line of Paradise St. Substation. The 132
kV, 2 x 30 MVA cable will be used.
20 MVA firm capacity is achieved by provide 2x 30 MVA cables from Paradise Street. Hence if
(minimum firm capacity).
30 MVA cable from Paradise Street Substation
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Type of Cable
Conductor
Rated Voltage
Depth of laying
Ampacity
Core
Quantity
Formation
Cable length

: Copper
: Paper insulation, lead sheath, PE oversheath.
: 132 kV
: 120 mm2 cable, with rating 335 A in the summer.
: three core
:: 910 m per group.
335 A x 132 kV x 1.732 = 76.59 MVA.
Hence total capacity of the cable in this alternative is 76.59 MVA x 2 = 153.18 MVA.
It is more than enough to supply 60 MVA with 20 MVA firm capacity
Cost
a. Cable Cost, there are 2 cables in this route :
2x910 m x 400 = 728,000
b. Trench cost
450 mm + 2x50 mm + 2x 98.4 mm = 746.8
50mm
450mm

0.9m 1 m 0.75 m
0.3
x 100 = 225

Use the allowable load limit that is shown in the table 2, the allowable pulling load is :
N
120 mm2=12000 N1200 kg
2
mm
50mm
Assumption:
c. Pulling from Paradise St. Substation
T 1 =T 0 + ( W L1 ) =150 kg+ 18.7
kg
360 m 0.2 =1496.4 kg
m
T 2 =T 1 e =1496.4 kg e
T 3 =2274.9 kg+ 18.7
0.2
2
3
=2274.9 kg
kg
220 m0.2 =3097.7 kg
m
T 4=3097.7 kg e
0.2
5
18
=3688.40 kg
T 5 =3688.40 kg+ 18.7
kg
260 m0.2 =4660.8 kg
m
T 6 =4660.8 kg e
T final=4997.81 kg+ 18.7
0.2
=4997.81kg
kg
70 m 0.2 =5259.61 kg
m
5259.61 kg
d. Pulling from Lime St. station

T 1 =T 0 + ( W L1 ) =150 kg+ 18.7
kg
70 m 0.2 =411.8 kg
m
T 2 =T 1 e =411.8 kg e
T 3 =441.58 kg+ 18.7
=441.58 kg
kg
260 m 0.2 =1413.98 kg
m
5
18
0.2
T 4=1413.98 kg e
T 5 =1683.61kg + 18.7
T 7 =3810.39 kg+ 18.7
=1683.61 kg
kg
220 m 0.2 =2506.41 kg
m
T 6 =2506.41 kg e
0.2
0.2
2
3
=3810.39 kg
kg
360 m0.2 =5156.79 kg
m
5156.79 kg.
It is obvious for this option the best initial position to pull the cable for this route is from Lime St.
Station. Also because the pulling tension is exceed the allowable pulling load limit, it is required
to divide the route into multiple pulling position.
PART 3
The several options of the source for the new 60 MVA Lime St. Station have been discussed in
Part 1 and Part 2. In this part, another alternative that may provide more advantages, fewer
problems, and might be cheaper is suggested.
There is existing cable in vicinity of the Lime St. Station that can become a new power source for
60 MVA load. This part propose to connect the 60 MVA load to existing cable line that near from
Lime St. Station.
There are several existing line in the vicinity of the Lime St. Station that can become potential
sources:
a. Tapping to existing 132 kV cable Lister Drive-Paradise St.
The cable has spare capacity of 75 MVA, enough to cope additional 60 MVA load. The
cable is in good condition, can be operated at 90 0, and is installed around 12 years ago.
Hence, it is safe to add 60 MVA load to this cable and no need to reinforce the cable.
b. Tapping to existing 33 kV cable.
If this option is chosen, it is required to connect to several cable because each cable dont
have 60 MVA spare capacity.
c. Connect to existing 33 kV substation.
Each 33/11 kV substation has 36.25 MVA spare capacity available. The company only
required to provide additional switchgear, building a new substation, or extending
substation.
d. Combination of above options.
It is better to choose the option that is not required to provide additional equipment ( transformer,
switchgears) or the option that is not required to reinforce the existing substation or cable.
Figure 19 Position of the cables in vicinity of the Lime St. Station taken from the assignment
Alternative Route
This part propose to connect the 60 MVA peak load and 20 MVA firm capacity to existing 132 kV
load near from Lime St. Station ( existing 132 kV cable Paradise St Lister Drive Substation).
There are several advantages if the power distribution company choose this option:
a. The route for this option is short, compare with if the source is taken from Paradise St.
Substation (Part 2).
b. From Table 2 Source list, spare capacity of this 132 kV cable is 75 MVA. Hence it is
enough to supply 60 MVA peak load and 20 MVA firm capacity.
c. The cable is in good condition, can be operated at 90 0, and is installed around 12 years
ago. Hence, it is safe to add 60 MVA peak load to this cable and no need to reinforce the
cable.
d. The route will dig up white road. It means that the construction and installation work in
this route is provide less disturbance for the road user.
e. Because this option will dig up along the non-busy traffic, the work can be carried out at
any time. Therefore the duration of the project will be short.
f. The route is straight forward, hence the pulling tension is very low.
g. No need to cross any road.
h. No special excavation method is required.
However, this options has disadvantage:
a. It is required to cut existing 132 kV cable. Therefore large area will experience a black out
(loss of supply) during jointing work. Precaution should be taken during the jointing work
to minimise risk and further impact.
b. The loss of supply can be minimised by finishing cable laying work before jointing work.
This allow 2 or 3 hours for jointing work, provide only short duration for black out.
c. The jointing work should be carried out at midnight to minimise the negative impact to
customer.
132 kV new
cable
132 kV existing
cable
Figure 20 Alternative route - road map-taken from google maps
132 kV new
cable
132 kV existing
cable
Figure 21 Alternative route - earth map- taken from google maps
The length of this route is around 105 m.
Working Hours
Assume for one man:

2x 105 x 4 hours = 420 hours per employee.
The working hours is lower than the working hours if the load connect to Paradise St. substation.
Excavation Method
The following actions is need to be carried out before excavation work:
Acquisition of legal permit
Obtain permission from local authorities, police forces, and others.
During excavation work, it is important to provide:
Signing and guarding of the work
Fulfil technical requirement for backfilling and reinstatement of the excavation.
Because this route ne does not need to cross any road, no special excavation method is needed:
Effect of adjacent cables on the new circuit(s) and effect of the new circuit(s) on adjacent cables
There is no adjacent cable if this route is chosen. The only adjacent cable is the 132 kV existing cable
that the new cable connect into. Hence there is no significant effect either to new circuit or the
existing cable.
Type of the cable
In this alternatives, The 60 MVA load will connect to the existing 132 kV cable. The 132 kV, 2 x 30
MVA cable will be used.
20 MVA firm capacity is achieved by provide 2x 30 MVA cables from existing 132 kV cable. Hence if
(more than 20 MVA minimum firm capacity).
Same type of cable is used for connection to 132 kV existing cable line. The reason is because to
prevent negative impact during fault location process if choose different type of cable
30 MVA cable connect to existing 132 kV cable
a. Type of Cable
b. Conductor

: Copper
Because in this assignment the cost of 132 kV cable is 400
irrespective of the conductor material, hence it is better to use
c.
d.
e.
f.
copper.
Insulation, components : Paper insulation, lead sheath, PE oversheath.
Rated Voltage
: 132 kV
Depth of laying
Ampacity
:
Cable Full Load rating

x
Voltage 1.732
ground temp . rf ( 150 C ) thermalresistivity rf 1.2 K
30 MVA
132 kV 1.732
m
circuit spacing rf ( 450 mm)
W
1
1 1 0.83
= 158.09 A
choose 3 core copper cable =
summer with diameter 98.4 mm.
Hence choose 120 mm2 cable, with rating 335 A in the summer.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Core
Quantity
Formation
Cable length
: three core
:: 105 m per group
335 A x 132 kV x 1.732 = 76.59 MVA.
Hence total capacity of the cable in this alternative is 76.59 MVA x 2 = 153.18 MVA. It is more than
enough to supply 60 MVA with 20 MVA firm capacity.
Cost
a. Cable Cost. There are 2 cables in this route :
2x105 m x 400 = 84,000
The cable cost is cheaper than if the power is taken from Paradise St. Substation.
b. Trench cost
450 mm + 2x50 mm + 2x 98.4 mm = 746.8
0.9m 1 m 0.75 m
0.3
x 100 = 225

The trench cost is cheaper than if the power is taken from Paradise St. Substation.
Use the allowable load limit that is shown in the table 3, the allowable pulling load is:
N
2
120 mm =12000 N1200 kg
2
mm
Assumption:
T 1 =T 0 + ( W L1 ) =150 kg+ 18.7
kg
105 m 0.2 =542.7 kg
m
Therefore, the pulling tension in this route is 524.7kg.

The pulling tension does not exceed the maximum allowable pulling load 1200 kg. Hence, it is only
has one initial pulling position, allowing the simple project to save money and time.
Because the route is straight, there is no difference of tension pulling either if the initial drum position
is in existing 132 kV cable or in the Lime St. Station.
There is no jointing bay position in this route.
PART 4
This part will present the conclusion, the further works required, and any suggestion and
recommendation for the project.
Tapping to 132 kV cable line (Lister Drive Paradise St) provide the most cost effective
solution, few problems, and short working hours.

One advantage of the alternative solution (connect to existing 132 kV cable Lister DriveParadise St) is that this route is straight, hence it does not have bend. Provide simple
installation and low pulling tension.

The cable is in good condition, can be operated at 90 0, and is installed around 12 years
ago. Hence, it is safe to add 60 MVA peak load to this cable and no need to reinforce the
cable.
Same type of cable is used for connection to 132 kV existing cable line. The reason is
because to prevent negative impact during fault location process if choose different type
of cable.
The route will dig up white road. It means that the construction and installation work in
this route is provide less disturbance for the road user.

Because this option will dig up along the non-busy traffic, the work can be carried out at
any time. Therefore the duration of the project will be short.

The route is straight forward, hence the pulling tension is very low.
No need to cross any road.
No special excavation method is required.
It is required to cut existing 132 kV cable. Therefore large area will experience a black
out (loss of supply) during jointing work. Precaution should be taken during the jointing
work to minimise risk and further impact.

Precaution should be taken to prevent oil leakage and other environmental risk during
jointing work.
The loss of supply can be minimised by finishing cable laying work before jointing work.
This allow 2 or 3 hours for jointing work, provide only short duration for black out.
The jointing work should be carried out at midnight to minimise the negative impact to
customer.
For further study, the cost of additional equipment required (transformer, switchgears,
reinforcing the substation) is needed to show clear comparison between the options.
It is recommended to carry out ground thermal resistivity and ground temperature to
improve the accuracy of the calculation.

This report could be improved by providing detail jointing work practice, excavation
practice, and health and safety guideline.

Before starting the construction work, it is important to carry out risk and environmental
assessment.
REFERENCES
[1] Moore, G. F. et al, Electric Cables Handbook (Third Edition), BICC Cables, London. (1997).
[2] C. Xerri, Power Cables, Newcastle : Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2014.
[3] http://www.google.co.uk/maps
[4] http://www.bing.com/maps/

Assignment 28 Februari

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POST MODULE ASSIGNMENT OF

2 | Haidar Ismail PMA Power Cables

There is not enough data to calculate cyclic rating.

Figure 2 Map ( from google map)

Figure 3 Lime St. Station - taken from google maps

142.5 MVA available

142.5 MVA available

36.25 MVA available

36.25 MVA available

36.25 MVA available

36.25 MVA available

36.25 MVA available

Paradise St. Substation

Table 2 Source List

5 | Haidar Ismail PMA Power Cables

new switchroom, or use outdoor switchgear.

6 | Haidar Ismail PMA Power Cables

transformer, additional 33 kV switchgear (connected to the new transformer), extending

Figure 4 Paradise St. Substation - taken from google maps

7 | Haidar Ismail PMA Power Cables

additional 33 kV switchgears (connected to the new transformer), extending the

Figure 5 Burlington St. Substation- taken from google maps

2x20 MVA = 40 MVA

kV load near from this substation).

Hence capacity of 33 kV busbar in this substation is 7.5 MVA. Therefore, it is required to

8 | Haidar Ismail PMA Power Cables

extending the switchroom building or building a new switchroom, or use outdoor

: Fluid Filled Cable

For 60 MVA cable

Load of Lime Street Station

Load of Lime Street Station

Load of Lime Street Station

For 20 MVA cable

Load of Lime Street Station

Load of Lime Street Station

Hence cable capacity become =

For 20 MVA cable

Load of Lime Street Station

ground temp . rf ( 15 C ) thermalresistivity rf (1.2 K

Load of Lime Street Station

: 1 x 120 mm2 three core cable

Figure 8 Route of Paradise Street Substation - Lime Street Station

Route length : around 920 m.

Hence the cost of the trench is 920 m x 60 = 55,200.

: Fluid Filled Cable

Load of Lime Street Station

: 1 x 120 mm2 three core cable

Figure 9 Route of Burlington Street Substation - Lime Street Station

Hence the cost of the trench is 2200 m x 60 = 132,000.

: Fluid Filled Cable

: Paper insulation, lead sheath, PE oversheath

The current for the 60 MVA load is

Load of Lime Street Station

:1 x 400 mm2 three core cable

Figure 12 Route of Lister Drive-Lime Street Station

Route length : around 4750 m.

For 20 MVA firm capacity cable

To make it simple, set the width to 750 mm

Hence the cost of the trench is 4750 m x 225 = 1,068,750.

: Fluid Filled Cable

The current for the 60 MVA load is

Load of Lime Street Station