Professional Documents
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at
15
16
electricity industry
authorities (AT, EU)
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corporations
Partners/ contacts
Guest lecturers
Student-employees
Univ.-Ass. + Univ.Project-Ass. 3 + 13 =
truth
objectivity
neutrality
earth faults
short circuit
Presentation 12.1
Petersen
coil 1)
Cable
Relay
Landline
1)Petersen
coil (1917):
Waldemar Petersen
XPet0 = 3*UN/IPet
R0 = 3*Rtrans
impedance
Neutral
network
Healthy
Relay
XCE0 = 3*UN/ICE
= (IPet ICE)/3
I0 = IE/3
faults
Simplified calculation
Presentation 12.2
XNetwork,cap
= (UN/3) / Isc
1%
11
Xresidual
2/3Z1 /
2/3*(m*ICE) / Ik
Xresidual)
(UN/3) / (2/3Z1 +
IF = 3*(UN/3) / (2 Z1 + 3*Xresidual)
Z1
Xresidual
Rtrans
k0*ZL
ZL
Rtrans
12
10
Step 3 neutral with arc suppression coil (ASC) and neutral resistor
Xresidual
Rtrans
Rtrans
XNetwork,cap = (UN/ 3) / I
Presentation 12.3
System
Global Earthing
15
13
= R(I)*I = U(I)
U = 800V + 120*I
Voltage in V
Duration in ms
Danger
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
50
100
150
200
250
300
Resistance of trees
U[Volt]
R[/m]
10
16
14
10
H[m]
H[m]
Presentation 12.4
IEarth
Principally wrong!!
IEarth
1 /r
IEarth
19
17
UE 1m / r12 1/ r2
(r) = UEarth
IEarth
Top view
20
18
Lateral view
IEarth
Like This!
Presentation 12.5
conductor
Singapore, October 15th - 16th, 2014
23
Typical situations
21
Source
3%
24
Connection of l.v. earth (TN) and m.v. earth and und transferred potentials
Outliers:
Example:
Mitigation
Measurements (Calculations)
22
Source
Presentation 12.6
30 Volt
27
1000A
for <0,4s
25
Transformer station
ZTrans 30 m
300 Volt
traditionally:
Summary:
Summary
28
26
UW
Presentation 12.7
www.ifea.tugraz.at
29
Presentation 12.8