Solved Examples (Analogies)

Directions: Each question below consists of a related pair of words or phrases,

followed four or five pairs of words or phrases labeled A through D/E. Select
the pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the
original pair.
1
IRON : BLACKSMITH ::
Cotton : Cloth
Food : Gourmet
Clay : Potter
Silver : Miner
Gold : Miser
(C). A BLACKSMITH uses IRON to make things.
A __________ uses ________ to make things.
2
FISH : SCALES ::
Book : Papers
Snake : Fangs
Birds : Feather
Car : Wheels
Cat : Claws
(C). FISH is covered by SCALES.
__________ is covered by _________.
3
NOSE : SMELL ::
Tongue : Speak

Foot : Hit
Hand : Finger
Teeth : Chew
Eye : Lid
(D). Function of NOSE is to SMELL.
Function of _________ is to _________.
4
COLLAGE : IMAGES ::
Cement : Building
Medley : Songs
Furniture : Sofa
Grains : Tree
Book : Volumes
(B). IMAGES are composed of COLLAGE.
_________ are composed of _________.
5
SKETCH : ARTIST ::
Secret : Confident
Cell : Prisoner
Palette : Painter
Draft : Writer
Lawyer : Court room
(D). An ARTIST makes SKETCH before final work.
An _________ makes _________ before final work.
Some High Frequency Relations

Object and Function:

KNIFE : CUT ::
Winter : Summer
Sword : Sharp
Run : Fast
Drill : Hole
(D). The function of Knife is to Cut. Similarly, the function of a Drill is to make
Hole.
Class and Member:
FISH : TROUT ::
Hair : Black
Bird : Aviary
Tiger : Carnivorous
Mammal : Cow
(D). Trout is a member of class Fish. Similarly, Cow is a member of class
Mammal.
Part to Part:
GILL : FIN ::
Cockroach : Antenna
Instrument : Pencil
Hard Disk : Keyboard
Bread : Butter
(C). As Gills and Fins are parts of a fish, so Hard Disk and Keyboard are parts
of a computer.
Part to Whole:
FISH : SCHOOL ::
Puppy : Dog

Novel : Story
Cocks : Pride
Ear : Nose
(C). A School is a group of Fish, so as Pride is group of Cocks.
Defining the Characteristics:
COUNSELOR : ADVICE ::
Artist : Musician
Patron : Support
Honesty : Charity
Bank : Banker
(B). A Counselor provides Advice. Similarly, Patron provides Support.
Cause and Effect:
RACE : FATIGUE ::
Fasting : Hunger
Round : Boxing
Flower : Color
Hiking : Gangrene
(A). Race causes Fatigue, as Fasting causes Hunger.
Work Style:
STRUT : WALK ::
Sweating : Wrestling
Hunter : Fire
Speech : Stage
Stammer : Talk
(D). To Strut is a style of Walking. Similarly, Stammer is a style of Talking.
Synonyms:

INDUSTRIOUS : HARDWORKING ::
Sky : Blue
Muddy : Unclear
Book : Reading
Pond : Lake
(B). Industrious is the synonym of Hardworking, as Muddy is the synonym of
Unclear.
Antonyms:
SCHOLAR : IGNORANT ::
Hardworking : Lazy
Knife : Sword
Courage : Bold
Luxury : Wealth
(A). Ignorant is the antonym of Scholar, as Lazy is the antonym of
Hardworking.
Intensity:
COOL : FROZEN ::
Sharp : Cut
Warm : Hot
Hassock : Stool
Freedom : Liberty
(B). Cool and Frozen differ in intensity; similarly, Warm and Hot differ in
intensity

MAin sequences ?
NALOGIES
Analogies mainly depend on Vocabulary.

you have to recognize the relation between the pair of words.

This is a tight, solid, logical relationship based on the meaning of the words. It
is the kind of relationship that exists between a word and its dictionary
definition.
Direction :In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is
followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the pair that best
expresses a relationship that exists between a word and its dictionary
definition.
Analysis:It is important that you focus on understanding the relationship between the
original pair of words, because this is really what you are trying to parallel.
First, you should find the primary relationship first, then look for a secondary
or closer relationship. The idea is to select the BEST answer or most similar
relationship.
Types:Many types of relationships are possible in GRE analogies. The stem words
may be related by:
Category Sample Analogy
Synonyms end: terminate
Antonyms artificial: real
Worker and Tool Used photographer: camera
Tool and Object Its Used Upon scissors: paper
Worker and Object He Creates poet: poem
Cause and Effect negligence: accident
Effect and Cause tsunami: earthquake
Material Used and End Product lumber: house
Function of a Tool saw: cut
Part to Whole leaf: tree
Person and What He Looks For mineralogist: ore

Person and What He Avoids student: failure

Masculine and Feminine host: hostess
Age infant: adolescent
Person and Closely Related Adjective commander: competent
Person and Least Related Adjective commander: coward
Symbol and What It Stands For rose: love
Mathematical Relationship seven: forty-nine
Measurement mile: distance
Classification and Type dog: greyhound
Degree of Intensity cold: pneumonia
Tips for Answering Analogies
1: To find the relationship between the stem words (the words in capital
letters), form a simple sentence that links the two words and illustrates their
meaning. Then plug in the choices.
2: If more than one choice fits your sentence, go back and make your
sentence more specific or look for a nuance that you missed.
3: You can automatically eliminate any answer choice containing a triangular
nonrelationship. In a triangular nonrelationship, the two words are related to
a third word, but not directly to each other. For example:
WEIGHT:AGE
SALT:PEPPER
IRRIGATIONS:FERTILIZER
LEMON:ORANGE
In each word pair, both are related to something, but not to each other.
4: You can automatically eliminate any answer choice containing words that
are not related in a clear and necessary way.
5: Never initially eliminate a choice if you are uncertain of the meaning of
either word in it. You cant be positive that two words are unrelated if you
have no idea what one of the words means.

6: When you dont know the meaning of one of the words in the stem, work
backwards from the choices.
7: You can improve the effectiveness of working backward by using
information in the problem to decode the unknown word in the stem.
8: If you know both words in the stem, you can sometimes eliminate a choice
even if you dont know one of the words, by determining whether any word
could create a relationship like the stem relationship.
Some Basic Traps to Avoid
1:Do not misread the words:
Unfortunately, people tend to read the first word, then predict the second
word. For example, if the first word is man many people think the second
word must be woman. They play word association games, rather than
reading the question. Take the time to do a careful reading.
2:Do not choose an answer with a reversed relationship:
This is perhaps the most common error in the section. If the question is BOY:
MAN, the answer cannot be WOMAN: GIRL. The relationship would be one of
progression; a boy grows into a man. A woman does not grow into a girl; the
relationship is reversed.
3:Do not choose answers based on the meanings of the words:
If the questions are about computers, the answers may very easily be about
chocolate cake. The meanings themselves are irrelevant; you are only
concerned with the relationships between the pairs of words.
Note:- When all else fails and you know you are on a hard question, eliminate
what you can and pick the choice containing the hardest words.