PROJETO DA MADEIRA

Dados:
Tipo da madeira:
Bending and Tension(Fb)
Shear(Fv)
Compression(Fc)
Modulus of Elasticity(E)
Relative Density(G)
Specific Gravity

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Wn2

Yakal
23.10 MPa
1.72 MPa
15.40 MPa
1.46E+04 MPa
0.74
7.26 kN/m3

WDL+LL

Loadings:
Wind Pressure
Minimum Roof Live Load
GI roofing
Residential Live Load

=
=
=
=
=

0.96
0.80
0.15
2.00

kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa

=
=
=

0.60 m
3.70 m
0.50 m

Spacing:
Purlins
Truss
Floor Joist

DESIGN OF PURINS
Span
Height
Theta,

=
=
=

5.00
2.50
26.57

(+) Windward

Try:
50

150

1.41E+07 mm4

Loadings:
Live load
Roofing
Purlin weight
WDL+LL

=
=
=
=

0.48
0.09
0.05
0.62

kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m

Load Combinations:
Condition 1: DL + LL
WDL+LL
= 0.56 kN/m governs!!
Condition 2: DL + LL + WL
WDL+LL+WL
= 0.32 kN/m

Moments:

Wind Load:
Windward:
Pn = 1.3(sin - 0.5)P
Leeward:
Pn = -0.5P
(WW) Wn1 = Pn(Spacing)
(LW) Wn1 = Pn(Spacing)
Wn2 = WDL+LL(cos)
Wnt = WDL+LL(sin)
WN = Wn1 + Wn2
Wt = Wnt

5.59

Mn = Mx = 1/8(WnLx2)

1.75 KN-m

Mt = My = 1/12(WnLy2)

0.29 KN-m

5.00

Shear:
Vx = (1/2)WnLx

1.40 kN

Vy = (1/2)WnLy

0.35 kN

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact

6 Mx 6 My
+ 2
bh 2
b h

=
Check for Shear:
To be safe, Fv > Fvact

13.96

MPa

<

23.10

MPa

safe

<

1.72

MPa

safe

3 Vx 3 Vy
+
2 bh 2 bh

=
=

0.35

MPa

6.64

mm

Check for Deflection:

To be safe, Yall > Yact
Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI)

=
Yallow = L/360

safe
=

Therefore use

10.28

50

mm

150 mm thick purlins

DESIGN OF TRUSS
Load carried by the truss:

=
=
=
=

Weigth of truss
Overall Length of Truss=
Weight of Truss
=
Load carried by the ceiling:
Ceiling Load
=

3.10
0.20
16.55
19.85

3"
x
8 " for overall size of truss and mem
75
x 200 ; I = 5.00E+07
Windward
wind load
= 1.62 kN

kN
kN
kN
kN

0.72
1.45

Loadings:
GI roofing
Wt. of Purlins
Min. Roof LL

Try:

1.62

44.52 m
4.85 kN
24.70 kN

Fx
Fy
Leeward
wind load

0.04 kN/m

-9.93
8.88

Fx
Fy

M
L

P
Ceiling load

B
1.00

0.25

C
1.25

1.25

1.25
10.00

Forces Due to DL + LL

4.94

1.25

4.94

kN

kN
L

kN

kN

4.94

kN
J

P
Ceiling load

kN

K
4.94

G
1.25

9.88 kN
4.94

4.94

F
1.25

1.00

0.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

10.00

Forces Due to Wind Load

1.49

0.29

1.03

1.78

0.14

0.89

1.78

0.14

0.89
K

0.29

1.25

0.29

0.29

1.25

0.14
J

0.14
A

B
1.00

0.25

C
1.25

D
1.25

E
1.25
10.00

F
1.25

Support Reactions due to DL + LL

G
1.25

1.25

Axial Forces due to DL + LL

Support Reactions Due to wind load

Axial Forces Due to wind load

Summary of Bar Forces

Top Chords
AJ
JK
KL
LM
MN
NO
OP
PI
Bottom ChordS
AB
BC
CD
DE
EF
FG
GH
HI
Verticals
BJ
KC
DC
ME
NF
OG
HP
Diagonals
JC
KD
LE
EN
OF
PG

Length
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40

DL + LL

WL

4.20
-15.10
-17.40
15.70
15.70
-17.40
-15.10
4.20

0.60
0.60
0.80
1.00
-0.10
0.60
0.70
-2.30

1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25

-4.00
2.00
13.70
15.50
15.50
13.70
2.00
-4.00

4.40
4.00
4.20
4.00
2.10
1.20
2.10
3.00

0.63
1.25
1.88
2.50
1.88
1.25
0.63

-19.80
-6.50
-1.80
3.60
-1.80
-6.50
-19.80

-0.30
0.00
0.20
-1.60
-0.80
0.70
0.80

1.40
1.77
2.25
2.25
1.77
1.40

12.60
2.50
-2.00
-2.00
2.50
12.60

0.30
-0.30
-0.60
2.50
1.30
-1.00

Top Chord

Design of Truss Members

Stresses
-17.40

Length
1.40

DL + LL +

Bottom chord
Vertical
Diagonal

15.50
-19.80
/ -0.30
12.60 / 0.30

1.25
1.25
2.25

DESIGN OF TOP CHORD

Try:
3"
75

mm

P
L

=
=

-17.40
1400

L/d

18.67

K=
=

X
X

8"
200

mm

I =

5.00E+07

mm4

kN
mm

.5

E
6 fc

( )( )
9.87

since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc >= fc
2

E
Fc=
L 2
36
d

( )

Fc =
fc =
=

11.49
P/A
1.16 MPa

Therefore use

< 11.49
75

ok, SAFE

200 mm for TOP CHORD

DESIGN OF BOTTOM CHORD

Try:
3"
75
P
L

=
=

15.50
1250

L/d

16.67

K=
4

X
X

mm

kN
mm

E
6 fc

.5

( )( )

9.87

8"
200

mm

I =

5.00E+07

mm4

since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc >= fc

2 E
Fc=
L 2
36
d

( )

Fc =
Fc
=

14.41
1.03 MPa

Therefore use

< 14.41
75

ok, SAFE

200 mm for BOTTOM CHORD

DESIGN OF VERTICALS
Try:
3"
75

mm

P
L

=
=

-19.80
1250

L/d

16.67

K=
4

X
X

8"
200

/
mm

E
6 fc

mm

I =

5.00E+07

-0.30 kN

.5

( )( )

9.87

since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc >= fc

Fc=

Fc =
fc =
=

2 E
L 2
36
d

( )

14.41
P/A
1.32 MPa

Therefore use

< 14.41
75

ok, SAFE

200 mm for VERTICALS

mm4

Check for Stress Reversals:

Fb >= ft
Fb =

f t=

To be safe:

23.10 MPa

P
( 3/ 5 ) A g

0.03

Since Fb > Ft, Use

<

75

23.10

SAFE

200 mm for VERTICALS

DESIGN OF DIAGONALS
Try:
3"
75

mm

P
L

=
=

12.60
2250

L/d

30.00

K=
=

( )(

X
X

8"
200

/
mm

E
6 fc

mm

I =

5.00E+07

mm4

0.30 kN

.5

9.87

since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc >= fc
2

E
Fc=
L 2
36
d

( )

Fc =
fc =
=

4.45
P/A
0.84 MPa

Therefore use

<
75

4.45
x

ok, SAFE

200 mm for DIAGONALS MEMBERS

Check for Stress Reversals:

Fb >= ft
Fb =

f t=

To be safe:

23.10 MPa

P
( 3/ 5 ) A g

Since Fb > Ft, Use

0.03

75

<

23.10

SAFE

200 mm for DIAGONALS MEMBERS

DESIGN OF POST

At Truss supports

DL + LL

A
B

-23.69
-23.69

WL

DL + LL + WL

-0.19
4.66

-23.88
-19.03

At Girder Supports
-17.27
USE, P =
Try:

200

96.39

mm

X
X

Length of column
Weight of Column

L/d

-17.27

95.52
8"

4Pgirder

0.00

= PTotal

8"
200

mm

=
=

3.00
0.87 kN

96.39 kN

15.00

K=
4

E
6 fc

I =

.5

9.87

since L/d > Kand L/d > 11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc > =fc

2E
Fc=
L 2
36
d

( )

Fc =
fc =

17.79
P/A

1.33E+08

Load Transmitted by the 4

Girder together w/ post
weight.Center post

( )( )

Interior Post
Carries 4 Girder
4P = 95.52

mm4

2.41 MPa

Therefore use

< 17.79
200

ok, SAFE

200 mm for POST

DESIGN OF FASTENERS AND CONNECTORS

FOR TOP AND BOTTOM CHORD

Determine the portion of the trus with largest P

P =

"

"

"

19.50 kN

k
Diameter of Nail

P=1 . 25 KD

3 /2

= ###
= 0.32 in
= 8.13 mm
= 0.008
m
=

0.17

115.75

"

DESIGN OF T&G
Residential Live Load
Specific Gravity
Modulus of Elasticity

Wnt

=
=
=

2.00 kPa
7.26 kN/m3
1.46E+04 MPa

Try:
25

100

; I

2.08E+06 mm4

0.10

0.10

0.10

WDL+LL
0.025

T&G

T&G

T&G

FJ

0.50 m
Loadings:

(-) Leeward

Dead Load (Weight of T&G) = Area X S.g.

Live Load (Residential LL)
WDL+LL

=
=
=

MMAX = (1/8)WL2
VMAX = wL/2

=
=

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2
=

0.08 kN/m

-0.48 kN/m

= 0.16 MPa <

Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
Check for Shear:
To be safe, Fv > Fvact
Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)

=
=
=
=

0.05 kN/m
-0.29
0.56 kN/m
0.28 kN/m

=
=

0.61 kN/m
0.28 kN/m

2.50

= 0.03 MPa <

Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is safe
Check for Deflection:
To be safe, Yall > Yact
=
0.0058 mm
=
1.39 mm
Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
Therefore use
25 mm
X 100 mm
T&G
Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI)
Yallow = L/360

0.007
0.05

DESIGN OF STAIRS

Design of Tread:
Try:
2"
50

mm

X
X

Width of stairs

8"
200
=

Loadings:
Weigth of Tread
Live Load
TOTAL

=
=
w =

mm

1.10 m
1100 m
0.07 kN/m
0.40 kN/m
0.47 kN/m

Analytical Model:
w

0.47

1.10 m
Mmax = (1/8)wL2
= 0.07 kN-m

Vmax = (1/2)wL
= 0.26

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2
= 0.21
Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

Check for Shear:

To be safe, Fv > Fvact
Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)

= 0.04
Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is safe

ize of truss and members

mm4

Try:
2"
50

mm

X
X

8"
200

mm

Considering the longest span of the stairs:

No. of Stairs
0.14 / joint
0.29 / joint

18

0.20 m

Load carried by the

tread

0.47

2.70 m

=
=

9.93

Theta,
Length of Carriage
Weigth of Carriage

= 36.87
= 4.50 m
= 0.07 kN/m

4.44
3.60 m
=
=

0.89 / joint
1.78 / joint

Analytical Model of Loadings:

Load by the Tread:
H
1.25

I
0.25

1.00

0.38
0.47

0.
44
4.94

Length of Carriage

kN
4.94

Vmax =
Mmax =

0.98 kN
4.42 kN-m

4.50 m

kN
/m

1.25

0.25

1.00

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2

= 13.25
Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

1.78
0.89

1.78

Check for Shear:

To be safe, Fv > Fvact

0.89

Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)

H
1.25

I
0.25

= 0.15
Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is safe

1.00

Check for Deflection:

To be safe, Yall > Yact
=
4.7851
=
12.50
Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI)
Yallow = L/360

Therefore use

50 mm

200 mm for Carriage

DL + LL + WL
4.80
-14.50
-16.60
16.70
15.60
-16.80
-14.40
1.90
0.40
6.00
17.90
19.50
17.60
14.90
4.10
-1.00
-20.10
-6.50
-1.60
2.00
-2.60
-5.80
-19.00
12.90
2.20
-2.60
0.50
3.80
11.60

MEMBERS

LS MEMBERS

rior Post
ies 4 Girder

kN

Interior Post
(carries 4
girders)

P =

19.50 kN

T&G

DESIGN OF FLO
Specific Gravity
Modulus of Elasticity
Length of joist
Joist Spacing
Residential Live Load

0.10

7.26
1.46E+04
3.60
0.50
2.00

kN/m
MPa
MPa
m
kPa

Try
50

T&G

=
=
=
=
=

175

; I

2.23E+07

SECTION A-A:
T&G

Floor Joist
0.50 m
Loadings:
Dead Loads:
0.02 kN/m
0.20 kN/m
0.22 kN/m
0.007 kN-m
0.05 kN

Weight of joist = Specific Gravity X Ar

= 0.06
Load carried by the T&G
= 0.09
Live Load:
Floor LL
= 1.00
WDL+LL

Fb

23.10

MMAX = (1/8)WL2
VMAX = wL/2

1.15

=
=

1.87
2.08

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fv 1.72
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2

Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it i

mm
mm

Check for Shear:

To be safe, Fv > Fvact
Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)

Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable,

STAIRS

3.33E+07

mm4

kN

MPa < Fb
owable, it is safe

23.10

MPa < Fv 1.72

allowable, it is safe

3.33E+07

mm4

y the Tread:

0.
44

0.28

0.47 kN
Weight of Carriage:

0.04

0.06
kN
/m

0.07 kN/m

Landing is made up
of concrete

MPa < Fb
owable, it is safe

23.10

MPa < Fv 1.72

allowable, it is safe

4.7851 mm
12.50 mm
owable, it is safe

mm for Carriage

DESIGN OF FLOOR JOIST

A

kN/m3
MPa
MPa

T&G

FLOOR JOIST

kPa

Specific Gravity
Modulus of Elasticity
Length of Girder
Joist Spacing
Residential Live Load

FLOOR JOIST
T&G

Try

2.23E+07 mm4

150
FLOOR JOIST

300

Weight of the girder:

= Area X

A
2.08 kN

0.18

4.16

0.50

0.050
Specific Gravity X Area of Joist
kN/m
17.27

kN

kN/m
kN/m

Check for Deflection:

To be safe, Yall > Yact

At Mid span:
2.08

kN/m
kN-m
kN

=
7.74E+00 mm
=
10.00 mm
Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
Therefore use
50 mm
X 175 mm
Floor Joist
Yact = (5/384)(WLn /EI)
Yallow = L/360

= 7.33 MPa < Fb

s than Fallowable, it is safe

4.16

0.50

17.27
23.10

= 0.36 MPa < Fv 1.72

ess than Fvallowable, it is safe

Check for Bending

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2 =
Check for Shear:
To be safe, Fv > Fvact
Fvact

Since Fvact is l
Check for Deflection:
To be safe, Yall > Y
Yallow =

Y actual =

5 wl
384 E

Therefore use

DESIGN OF GIRDER

=
f Elasticity =
=
=
l Live Load =

300

e girder:

7.26
1.46E+04
4.00
0.50
2.00

; I

kN/m3
MPa
MPa
kPa

3.38E+08 mm4

= Area X Specific Gravity

=
kN

0.33 kN/m
4.16 kN

0.50

4.16 kN

0.50

4.16 kN

0.50

4.16 kN

0.50

4.16 kN

0.50

4.16 kN

0.50

2.08 kN

0.50

Weight of the girder

0.33 kN/m

4.00 m
17.27

4.16

4.16
0.50

4.16
0.50

0.33

2.08
0.50

kN/m

Mmax

17.93 kN-m

Vmax

17.27 kN

2.00 m

7.97 MPa

<

23.10 MPa

SAFE

fe, Fv > Fvact

Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)

= 0.58 MPa < Fv 1.72

Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is safe
Deflection:
fe, Yall > Yact
Yallow = L/360
=
11.11 mm
2

Y actual =

4
Pa ( 3 L 4 a ) PL 3
5 wl
+
+
384 EI 24 EI
48 EI

6.90 mm

<

11.11 mm

SAFE

kN

Therefore use

150

300 for Girder