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La mayora de los cientficos est de acuerdo en que los seres humanos estn
contribuyendo al cambio climtico observado.[[
Desde 1978, las radiaciones del Sol han sido medidas con precisin por satlites.
Estas mediciones indican que las emisiones del Sol no han aumentado desde
1978, por lo que el calentamiento durante los ltimos 30 aos no puede ser
atribuido a un aumento de la energa solar que llegase a la Tierra.
Se han utilizado modelos climticos para examinar el papel del sol en el cambio
climtico reciente. Los modelos son incapaces de reproducir el rpido
calentamiento observado en las dcadas recientes cuando solo se tienen en
cuenta las variaciones en la radiacin solar y la actividad volcnica. Los modelos
son, no obstante, capaces de simular los cambios observados en la temperatura
del siglo 20 cuando incluyen todos los forzamientos externos ms importantes,
incluidos la influencia humana y los forzamientos naturales.
La nocin de calentamiento global permite referirse a dos cuestiones relacionadas:
por un lado, se trata de un fenmeno observado en el promedio de la temperatura
de las ltimas dcadas, que sube de manera sostenida; por otra parte, es una
teora que, a partir de distintas proyecciones, sostiene que la temperatura seguir
creciendo en el futuro a causa de la accin del hombre. Pese a la popularidad que
el tema ha cosechado en los ltimos aos, es importante realizar algunas
distinciones. El calentamiento global suele asociarse al cambio climtico, aunque
ste ltimo fenmeno (la variacin del clima) siempre ha existido y es natural. De
todas formas, en la actualidad suele conocerse como cambio climtico al
producido por la accin humana, que genera variaciones anmalas.
Por otra parte, el calentamiento global est asociado al efecto invernadero, que es
un fenmeno por el cual ciertos gases que componen la atmsfera terrestre
retienen parte de la energa emitida por el suelo tras haber sido calentado por la
radiacin del Sol. El efecto invernadero funciona de la siguiente manera: la
radiacin solar atraviesa la atmsfera, rebota contra el suelo y debera volver a
atravesar la atmsfera; sin embargo, los gases de efecto invernadero (como el
dixido de carbono y el metano) producen una capa de contaminacin que impide
que los rayos solares vuelvan a salir, produciendo un aumento de la temperatura
en la Tierra.
Entre las principales consecuencias que podemos establecer acerca del fenmeno
del calentamiento global tenemos que exponer que, adems de lo que es el
aumento considerable de las temperaturas, se puede producir un crecimiento
palpable de lo que son las enfermedades de tipo respiratorio que experimenta el
ser humano. De esta manera, los expertos en la materia dictaminan que de seguir
producindose dicho fenmeno la poblacin mundial estar mucho ms expuesta
a sufrir patologas respiratorias. Pero no slo ellas, adems aumentar el nmero
Cathedra: English
Teacher: Julissa Lemus.
GLOB
AL
WARMI
NG
REPOR
T
Global Warming
Global warming and climate change refers to the increase observed in the last
century the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related
effects. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that the climate system is warming.
Over ninety% of the additional energy gained since one thousand nine hundred
seventy has been stored in the climate system has gone into the oceans; the
remaining ice has melted and heated continents and the atmosphere. Many of the
changes since the thousand nine hundred and fifty are unprecedented for decades
to millennia.
The average surface temperature of the Earth has increased by about zero point
eight C since. Thousand eight hundred eighty the heating rate nearly doubled in
the second half of the period. The heat island effect is very small, estimated at less
than 0.002 C of warming per decade since thousand nine hundred Temperatures
in the lower troposphere have increased between 0.13 and 0.22 C per decade
since 1979, according weather satellite temperature measurements.
Future climate change and associated impacts will be different in a region other
around the globe. The effects of an increase in global temperatures include a rise
in sea level and a change in the amount and pattern of rainfall, and a probable
expansion of subtropical deserts. Nine of the 10 warmest years in the instrumental
record have occurred since 2000, 2014 is the warmest year on record.
The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared
radiation by gases in the atmosphere of a planet heated internal atmosphere and
surface. On Earth, the natural amounts of greenhouse gases have a mean
warming effect of about 33 C. Without the atmosphere, the temperature across
almost the entire surface of the Earth would be low freezing. The main greenhouse
gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. Clouds also affect the
radiation balance through forcing like greenhouse gas cloud.
Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing of
CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs and nitrous oxide. According to a study
published in 2007, the concentrations of CO2 and methane have increased by 36%
and 148% respectively since 1750. These levels are much higher than at any other
time during the last 800 000 years, period as far as they have reliable data from ice
cores.
Most scientists agree that humans are contributing to climate change observed.
Since 1978, Sun radiation has been measured accurately by satellites. These
measurements indicate that the emissions from the Sun have not increased since
1978, so that the warming over the past 30 years cannot be attributed to increased
solar energy reached Earth.
They have been used climate models to examine the role of the sun in the recent
climate change. The models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed
in recent decades when they only take into account variations in solar output and
volcanic activity. The models are, however, able to simulate the observed changes
in the temperature of the 20th century when they include all the most important,
including human influence and natural forcing external forcing.
The notion of global warming can refer to two issues: first, it is a phenomenon
observed in average temperature in recent decades, rising steadily; Moreover, it is
a theory that, from different projections, says the temperature will continue to grow
in the future due to human action. Despite the popularity that the issue has
garnered in recent years, it is important to make some distinctions. Global warming
is often associated with climate change, although the latter phenomenon (climate
change) has always existed and is natural. Anyway, now often it referred to as
climate caused by human action that produces abnormal variations change.
Moreover, global warming is associated with the greenhouse effect, a phenomenon
by which certain gases that make up the Earth's atmosphere retain part of the
energy emitted by the ground after being heated by the sun's radiation. The
greenhouse effect works as follows: solar radiation through the atmosphere, and
the ground bounces should again through the atmosphere; however, greenhouse
gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane) produce a layer that prevents
contamination sunlight out again, producing a temperature increase in the Earth.
Among the main consequences we can set about the phenomenon of global
warming we have to state that, in addition to what the considerable increase in
temperature is, can produce a palpable growth than are the respiratory diseases
experienced man. Thus, those skilled in the art dictate that this phenomenon
continues producing the world's population will be much more at risk of respiratory
diseases. Not only have them also increased the number of persons suffering from
cardiovascular diseases, which also suffer from dehydration and infections caused
by mosquito or the like.
This aforementioned result, based on the field of health, is primarily due to the fact
that both respiratory and cardiovascular system is hurt by increasing temperatures
as these bring that any individual has to work harder to undertake any action or
activity. Likewise, global warming will bring to both surface water and groundwater
quality as a result of losing these high temperatures cited. Not forgetting that in
both cases palpably reduce the amount of water and would reduce significantly the
drinking that is fit for human consumption.
A fact the latter that especially hurt industries like agriculture because the land
would become drier, lose nutrients and also those would be most affected by pests,
which are those that cause diseases in plants and therefore spoil the crops. While
some experts believe that global warming is a myth, there is some consensus on
the need to reduce emissions to prevent the warming continues in a raise. The
trend is not reversed, the glaciers could melt, raising the water level in the oceans
and flooding many cities.