Professional Documents
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Santiago Charry
replace their own ideals with those of the movements leader, and when the leader and
followers resonate each others fears and wishes. This idea indicates that many of the
members of the Peoples Temple may have lost control over their individual actions around
this point.
The Peoples Temple also centered itself around community service. Soon, this
goodwill expanded to Guyana, near the Venezuelan border. Jones had asked the Guyana
government to allow him to start a farm to help feed the poor. The Guyana government
permitted him 3,824 acres of land in a remote jungle region. Jones told his followers that their
"promised land" in the jungle would be one of the few places where they would be safe in case
of a hydrogen bomb holocaust that could reach the U.S, as the trees would filter out
radioactivity from the breezes. In addition, Jones told them that Guyana would serve as a
refuge for all the temples blacks to stay at when his prophesized race war broke out. Jones
Promised Land ended up being more of a labor camp than a paradise, however.
According to J.T. Richardson, in his 1980 article in JSTOR, most new religions tend to
begin more socially isolated, and later contact increases, often in the form of evangelization.
However, the Peoples Temple worked in reverse, and soon was covered in a shroud of secrecy.
Several agencies and the press expressed concern for Jonestown as rumors of its
hard labor lifestyle and members who werent permitted to leave made their way out.
Deborah Layton, a Jonestown escapee, author of a personal account of Jonestown in the book
Seductive Poison, written in 1998, was interviewed by the press. She wrote of white nights,
which occurred about once a week, in which Jones would awaken the people with sirens,
calling them to the pavilion, where he would inform them that things had become hopeless
and they had to commit mass suicide for the glory of socialism, or risk torture if taken alive by
outsiders. Everyone passed through a line in which they were given a liquid to drink which
Jones claimed was poison. Everybody obeyed and it would turn out the poison was a hoax,
done to test their loyalty. Jones continued to explain that it was only a matter of time before
such actions would be necessary however. Jones had lost his mind.
As these stories reached the U.S, Congressman Leo Ryan decided to pay Jonestown a
visit along with other concerned relatives and reporters. The welcoming party appeared to be
friendly. They took a truck from the landing strip to Jonestown, where there didnt seem to be
any signs of trouble. The hosts gave a proud tour through the facilities Jonestown had
constructed before providing the guests with a feast and entertainment at the pavilion. Jim
Jones greeted all the guests warmly. A number of defectors, however, had approached them
and asked to be taken back to the U.S. with them. By the next day, the number of defectors
had reached fourteen, and a second smaller plane had to be sent for their afternoon
departure. Ryan told Jones that afternoon that he would let everyone know the rumors about
Jonestown were unfounded. However, just before leaving on the truck to reach the landing
strip, Ryan was attacked by a man with a knife. Two people managed to wrestle away the
mans knife before he could hurt Ryan. After the assault Jones asked Ryan Does this change
everything? to which Ryan responded It doesnt change everything, but it changes things.
While the guests waited at the air strip, Jones called everyone to the pavilion and began to
give his final sermon. (Play Jonestown 2)
And a violent reaction there was. The airplane arrived at the airstrip, and they were beginning
to board the plane when gunmen from the temple came and began shooting, successfully
killing all but a few of the visitors, while Jones speech went on. (Play Jonestown 3).
The gunmen finally arrived in the truck and spoke to Jones. (Play Jonestown 4).
The people lined up, taking the poison while others went to the mike to give testimonials of
thanks to Jones over the cries of the children and the majestic chords of the organ. Soon
enough, the music faded into silence with the deaths of over 900 people, a third of which were
children. Jones had his own life taken by a bullet to the head. As Barker explains in his 1986
article in JSTOR, it remains to be understood whether the victims of this disaster were active
choosers, or passive subjects who are acted upon by outside forces.
Today Ive told you about the origins of the Peoples Temple, life in Jonestown, and the
events that resulted in the end of Jonestown. The story of Jonestown is one that often leaves
us with more questions than we started with. Many of these questions, however, will never be
answered.