600

essential words for the

TOEIC

1. Ti liu ny ra i nhm mc ch g v da trn nhng ngun ti liu no?

Ti liu ny c bin son nhm mc ch n tp v m rng vn t ting Anh.
N bao gm phn Anh ng v phn Vit ng. Phn Anh ng c bin son da
trn cun 600 essential words for the TOEIC (second edition). Phn Vit ng c bin
son da trn s hng dn ca c Trinh, s tra cu t in t Google Dch v t tin-online ca trang www.hellochao.vn.
2. Ai l ngi bin son?
Ti liu ny ban u c c nhn c facebook Khai Tran bin son nhm mc
ch n tp ring. Tuy nhin, do khi lng cn bin son ln nn tc gi ku gi s
h tr ca cc thnh vin trong nhm facebook Toeic Practice Club vi link
https://www.facebook.com/groups/Toeictuhoc/. Mt trong nhng ngi u tin sn lng
tr gip mnh l bn c facebook Thu Th Nguyn. Bn y chu trch nhim nhp vn bn
Anh ng t bi 26 n bi 50.
Thi gian pht hnh ti liu ny l ra c th b tr hon v thi hn. Tuy nhin, do s
gip nhit tnh ca bn Thu Th Nguyn m n c xc tin nhanh hn rt nhiu.
Nhn y, mnh xin chn thnh cm n s gip to ln ca Bn.
3. Ti liu ny c bin son nh th no?
Ti liu ny gm 50 bi. Mi bi c tm gn trong 2 trang. Do , bn c th tm
bi 4 trang 3 v 4, bi 16 trang 31 v 32, bi n trang (2n-1) v 2n.
Trang u gm cc t vng. Ch cn lu hn s c t m.
Trang sau gm mt bi vn ngn c trnh by song ng. Trong trang ny, cc
cm t in khuyt trong Sch 600 c gch chn. Nhng t cn lu c nh dng
khc bit, hoc c t m hoc va c t m va c in nghing.
Sau 50 bi l phn tm li mt s im t vng cn lu thm.
4. Bn quyn v lu
Ti liu ny khng thuc bn quyn ca ring c nhn hay t chc no. Mnh khng
chu bt c trch nhim g nu c sai st, v do bn nn cn nhc trc khi tham kho.
Vi ti liu ny, bn c quyn: chnh sa nu c li, b sung nu thiu, v ct gim
nu tha. Trong nhng trng hp , bn nn ghi ch thm tn h km theo thi gian
trc khi ti ln internet ngi ti v c th phn bit c cc phin bn khc (Bng
tm tt pha di).
*
Ngy ti
Ni dung thay i
Vn bn
Ngi son
ln
Vn bn gc
Khai Tran & Thu Th Nguyn
Thay i ln
1
*

Ni dung thay i nn km theo s trang, nu qu di xin tch ring thnh mt trang.

Lesson 1. Contracts
- contract

(n) hp ng
(v) k hp ng
- abide by (v) = comply with = conform to: tun th = adhere to (16-83)
- agreement (n) 1. s tha thun
2. hp ng = contract
agree
(v)
agreeable (a)
- mutual (a) ln nhau
- assurance (n) = guarantee: s m bo
assure
(v)
assuredly (adv)
- sales associate (n) ctv bn hng
- cancellation (n) s hy b
cancel
(v)
canceled
(a)
- determine (v) xc nh
- be liable for = be responsible for: chu trch nhim cho
- engagement (n) 1. s dnh lu
2. l nh hn
- entire (a) ton b
- establish (v) = set up: thit lp
- institute (n) vin
(v) qui nh (dng cho b lut, ni qui)
- merger (n) s sp nhp
- obligate (v) bt buc + to Vo
obligation (n)
obligatory (a)
- party (n) 1. ba tic
2. bn hp ng = side
- provision (n) iu khon
provide
(v)
provider
(n)
- resolve (v) = deal with: gii quyt
- specific (a) = particular: c th
specify
(v) ch ra
specification(n)

Contracts are an integral part of the

workplace. In simple terms, contracts are an
agreement between two or more parties that
specifies terms and obligates the parties to
follow them. Contracts often include the
amount that a client will pay contractors
and what services will be provided. For
example, in your office, you may have a
contract that provides assurance that your
copier machine or phones will be repaired
within a certain amount of time. This service
can either be done off-site or at your
establishment. A contract often states ways
to determine if quality of work delivered is
acceptable. Well-written contracts usually
provide ways to resolve problems like
these when they happen. Before engaging
in a contract, both parties should think
carefully, as they will have to abide by the
conditions specified in it. A contract usually
specifies how the two parties can cancel it if
either party fails to meet the terms.

Hp ng l mt phn khng th
thiu ca ni lm vic. Trong thut ng
n gin, hp ng l mt tha thun gia
hai hay nhiu bn ci m ch ra cc iu
khon v bt buc cc bn lm theo chng.
Hp ng thng bao gm s tin m
khch hng s tr cc nh thu v nhng
dch v g s c cung cp. V d, trong
vn phng ca bn, bn c th c mt hp
ng cung cp s m bo rng my
photocopy hoc in thoi ca bn s
c sa cha trong vng mt khong thi
gian nht nh. Dch v ny hoc c th
c thc hin khng ti ch hoc ti c
s ca bn. Mt hp ng thng nu
cch xc nh nu cht lng cng vic
c giao l chp nhn c. Nhng hp
ng c vit tt thng cung cp nhng
cch gii quyt cc vn ging nh
khi chng xy ra. Trc khi tham gia vo
mt hp ng, c hai bn cn suy ngh cn
thn, v h s phi tun th cc iu kin
c quy nh trong n. Mt hp ng
thng quy nh c th nh th no th hai
bn c th hy b n nu mt trong hai bn
khng p ng cc iu khon.

Lesson 2. Marketing
- marketing (n) tip th
market
(v) bn, i mua
(n) th trng
marketable (a)
- attract (v) = appeal to: thu ht, li cun
attraction (n)
attractive (a)
- convention (n) = conference: hi ngh
- draw sbs attention: thu ht
s ch ca ai
turn
: chuyn hng
- compare (v) so snh
comparison (n)
comparable (a)
- competition (n) 1. s cnh tranh
2. cuc thi = contest = test
3. i th cnh tranh
compete
(v)
competitive (a)
- consume (v) = use up: tiu th
consumption (n)
consumer (n)
consumable (a)
- convince (v) thuyt phc
- currently (adv) hin ti th
- fad (n) = trend: xu hng
- inspiration (n) s truyn cm hng inspire (v)
- persuasion (n) s thuyt phc
- productive (a) = high yield: nng sut cao
- satisfaction (n) s hi lng
satisfy
(v) lm hi lng, lm tha mn
satisfactory (a)

Yassir is getting ready to realize his

dream: opening a business that sells plants
on the Internet. After completing a business
plan that helped him to determine that there
was demand for his product in the market.
Yassir is ready to start promoting his
business. Having persuaded the bank that
there was a market that there were
consumers willing to buy plants on the
Internet he needed to find these
consumers.
Once he has an established base,
Yassir, like other business owners, will have
to continually attract new customers. At the
same time, he must make sure current
customers are satisfied. In other to be
satisfied, current customers must be happy
with the product they receive. Yassirs job is
to inspire these customers to gain their
repeat business. To do this, he will have to
convince consumers that he offers a good
product at a good price, especially when
compared to the businesses with which he
competes. He hopes that Internet plant
buyers are here to stay and not just part of
fad.

Yassir ang chun b thc hin

c m ca mnh: m mt doanh nghip
bn cy trng trn Internet. Sau khi hon
thnh k hoch kinh doanh gip anh ta
xc nh rng c nhu cu cho sn phm ca
anh ta trn th trng. Yassir sn sng
bt u vic xc tin doanh nghip ca anh
ta. Vic thuyt phc ngn hng rng c mt
th trng - m c nhng ngi tiu dng
sn sng mua cc cy trng trn Internet
anh ta cn tm nhng ngi tiu dng ny.
Mt khi anh y c mt c s c
thnh lp, Yassir, ging nh cc ch doanh
nghip khc, s phi thu ht nhng khch
hng mi mt cch lin tc. ng thi, anh
ta phi chc chn rng nhng khch hng
hin ti c lm hi lng. c lm hi
lng, nhng khch hng hin ti phi hnh
phc vi sn phm m h nhn c. Vic
ca Yassir l truyn cm hng cho cc
khch hng ny t c vic mua lp
li ca h. lm iu ny, anh y s phi
thuyt phc nhng ngi tiu dng rng
anh ta cung cp mt sn phm tt vi mt
gi tt, c bit l khi c so snh vi
cc doanh nghip m anh ta cnh tranh.
Anh y hy vng rng nhng ngi mua cy
trng Internet y lu li v khng ch
l mt phn ca xu hng.

Lesson 3. Warranties
- warranty (n) s bo hnh
- characteristic (a), (n) = trait: c im
characteristically (adv)
characterize
(v)
character
(n)
- reveal (v) tit l, cng khai
- resistant (a) khng, chng li
- consequence (n) hu qu
- invalidate (v) = cancel: hy b
- consider (v) + V_ing
consideration
(n)
considerable
(a)
- cover (v) bao gm +
insurance
warranty
expense
news coverage
- expiration (n) s ht hn
- frequently (adv) mt cch thng xuyn
- imply (v) m ch
implication (n)
implicit
(a)
- indicate (v) cp
- inference (n) s suy lun
- promise (v) ha, cam kt + to Vo
(n) li ha, li cam kt
- protect (v) bo v protect from : bo v khi
protection (n)
protective (a)
- vendor (n) ngi bn hng
- reputation (n) danh ting be reputed to Vo
reputable (a)
- require (v) yu cu + that + S + Vo (nu ch ng) / be V3 (nu b ng)
requirement (n)
requisite
(a)
require sb to Vo
sb be require to Vo
- variety (n) a dng, nhiu loi a variety of Ns

Warranties are a sellers promise to

stand behind its products. Most major
purchases like computers or cars come
with a warranty, as do smaller purchases,
like stereos or other electronic housewares.
Warranties are not required by law, but are
frequently found on most products. If you
are making a purchase, you should consider
the individual characteristics of a warranty,
as each can vary in the amount of coverage
it provides. At the minimum, warranties are
required to promise that the product will do
what it implies that it will do; for example,
that a blender will blend or a hair dryer will
dry hair. Most warranties are good for a
fixed time, then they expire. You can protect
yourself by buying products from companies
with good reputations and taking good care
of your new purchase. There are
consequences to not taking care of a
product, as most warranties require that you
use the product in a certain manner.

Ch bo hnh l li ha ca mt
ngi bn ng sau sn phm ca n. Hu
ht nhng vic mua sm ln nh my tnh
hay t i vi mt s bo hn, vic mua
sm nh cng vy, ging nh dn m
thanh hoc gia dng in t khc. Bo
hnh khng b i hi bi php lut, nhng
thng c tm thy trn hu ht cc sn
phm. Nu bn ang thc hin mua hng,
bn nn xem xt cc c im ring bit
ca mt bo hnh, v mi ci c th khc
nhau v s lng bo hnh m n cung
cp. mc ti thiu, vic bo m c
yu cu cam kt rng sn phm s lm
nhng g n ng rng n s lm; v d,
mt my xay sinh t s xay hoc my sy
tc s lm kh tc. Hu ht vic bo hnh
l tt cho mt thi gian nht nh, sau
chng ht hn. Bn c th bo v chnh
bn bng cch mua cc sn phm t cc
cng ty c danh ting tt v quan tm tt
vic mua sm mi ca bn. C nhng hu
qu khng chm lo mt sn phm, nh
hu ht cc bo m yu cu bn s dng
sn phm trong mt cch nht nh.

Lesson 4. Business Planning

- plan (v) hoch nh + to Vo
(n) k hoch
- address (n) bi din vn = speech
(v) gii quyt
- avoid (v) trnh + V_ing
avoidance (n)
avoided
(a)
- demonstrate (v) 1. ch ra, biu tnh, biu l, th hin, lm mu
2. chng minh, chng t = prove
demonstration
(n)
demonstrative
(a)
- develop (v) pht trin
development
(n)
developer
(n)
- expand (v) m rng
- progress (v) tin b in progress: ang trong tin , thc hin, thi cng, hot ng
- improve (v) ci thin
- evaluate (v) nh gi
evaluation (n)
evaluator (n)
- impact
(n) tc ng
(v) nh hng
- gather (v) = accumulate: thu thp, tp hp
- offer (v) cung cp
(n) s ngh = proposal
- primarily (adv) 1. trc ht
2. ch yu
- risk (v) lm liu + V_ing
(n) ri ro face risk: i mt ri ro
take risk: chp nhn ri ro
- strategy (n) chin lc
strategize (v)
strategic
(a)
- strong (a) bn, khe
strength
(n)
strengthen (v)
- substitution (n) s thay th
substitute (v)
substituted (a)
- replacement (n) ngi, ci thay th
- submit (v) = turn in: np

Every business must develop a

business plan. The business plans primary
purpose is to improve the entrepreneurs
control over the business and to help him
avoid common mistakes. It is not an
overstatement to say that a business will
fail or succeed on the strength of its
business plan, so there is no substitution for
a well-prepared plan. The business plan
documents the strategy for growing the
business. Think on the business plan as a
road map that describes in which direction
the company is going, what its goals are,
and how it is going to get there.

Mi doanh nghip phi pht trin mt

k hoch kinh doanh. Mc ch ch yu ca
k hoch kinh doanh l ci thin s kim
sot ca doanh nhn trong kinh doanh v
gip anh ta trnh nhng sai lm ph bin.
Khng phi l qu li khi ni rng mt
doanh nghip s tht bi hay thnh cng
trn sc mnh ca k hoch kinh doanh
ca n, v vy khng c s thay th cho mt
k hoch c chun b tt. K hoch kinh
doanh vch ra chin lc cho vic pht
trin kinh doanh. Hy suy ngh v k hoch
kinh doanh nh l mt bn ng ci
m m t trong phng hng cng ty
ang i, nhng g l cc mc tiu ca n,
v lm th no n s i n .
Trong vic pht trin k hoch, ch
doanh nghip s tin hnh nghin cu
xc nh mt nh gi c h thng v thc
t ca th trng mc tiu ca cng ty v
xc nh tim nng ca n. Doanh nhn
phi c kh nng chng minh qua
nghin cu rng nhng khch hng trong
th trng cn hng ho hay dch v m
c cung cp v rng mt s lng
nhng khch hng tim nng tn ti h
tr cng vic kinh doanh.
Mt k hoch kinh doanh cng xem
xt cc ri ro m doanh nghip phi i
mt. ng u trong s ny l cc i
th cnh tranh. K hoch kinh doanh phi
phn tch s cnh tranh ca cng ty bng
cch thu thp thng tin v th phn, sn
phm v chin lc ca i th cnh tranh.
K hoch ny nn chng minh ci g phn
bit cc sn phm hoc dch v ca mt
doanh nhn t nhng ngi khc c
trong th trng. N cng ph bin cho cc
doanh nghip tht bi v ch s hu khng
u t hoc tm vn iu hnh doanh
nghip. Mt k hoch kinh doanh tt cng
nn gii quyt vn ny.

In
developing
the
plan,
the
entrepreneur will conduct research to
determine a systematic and realistic
evaluation of the companys target market
and define its potential. The entrepreneur
must be able to prove through research that
customers in the market need the good or
service that is offered and that a sufficient
number of potential customers exists to
support the business.
A business plan also looks at the risks
the business faces. Chief among these is
competitors. The business plan must
analyze the companys competition by
gathering information on competitors
market share, products, and strategies.
The plan should demonstrate what
distinguishes the entrepreneurs products
or services from others already in the
market. It is also common for businesses to
fail because the owner fails to invest or
seek sufficient capital to run the business. A
good business plan should address this
issue as well.
- entrepreneur /n.tr.prnr/ (n)
- capital (n) 1. tin vn 2. th
8

- raise

capital: huy ng vn
money
tin
- make mistake: gy ra li lm correct mistake: sa cha li lm

Lesson 5. Conferences
- conference (n) hi ngh (i cng 2v: hold v attend)
- accommodate (v)
1. p ng
2. cha
accommodation (n)
accommodating (a)
- arrangement (n) s sp xp
arrange
(v)
arranged
(a)
- association (n) 1. t chc
2. lin hip
associate (v)
associated (adv)
- attend (v) 1. tham gia
2. ch pay attention to
attention be paid to
attendance (n)
attendee
(n)
- get in touch (with) (v) gi lin lc (vi)
- hold (v)
1. t chc
2. cm
3. cha
- location (n) = site: v tr
- overcrowded (a) qu ng
- register
(v) ng k
(n) h s = record
registration (n)
- select (v) chn lc
selection
(n)
selective
(a)
- session (n) phin hp
- take part in (v) = join = participate in: tham gia
- banquet (n) = big party: ba tic ln

10

Many
associations
and
organizations hold annual conferences so
that their members can get in touch with
each other and take part in educational
programs. When planning a conference,
event coordinators try to have a variety of
sessions so people attending can select a
workshop or meeting that best suits their
needs. When making arrangements for a
conference, they look for a site that will
accommodate all their needs. The site
should be able to hold the number of people
expected to attend, without the meeting
rooms being overcrowded. Good event
coordinators tour the site before making a
final decision because brochures cannot
show all the necessary details. Having
meetings in a fun location can really
encourage people to register for the
meeting.

Nhiu hip hi v t chc t chc

nhng hi ngh thng nin cc thnh
vin ca h c th gi lin lc vi nhau v
tham gia vo cc chng trnh gio dc.
Khi ln k hoch mt hi ngh, cc iu
phi vin s kin c gng c mt lot
phin hp mi ngi tham d c th
chn mt hi tho hay cuc hp m ph
hp nht vi nhu cu ca h. Khi to
nhng s sp xp cho mt hi ngh, h tm
kim mt v tr m s p ng tt c nhu
cu ca h. V tr nn c kh nng cha
s lng ngi c d kin tham d,
khng c cc phng hp qu ng c. Cc
iu phi vin s kin tt kho st v tr
trc khi a ra quyt nh cui cng bi
v tp qung co khng th hin th tt c
cc chi tit cn thit. C cc cuc hp ti
mt a im vui chi c th khuyn khch
ngi dn ng k cho cuc hp mt cch
thc s.

11

Lesson 6. Computers
- access

(v) truy cp, tip cn

(n) quyn truy cp
accessible (a)
- allocate (v) phn b
allocation (n)
allocated
(a)
- designate (v) b nhim
- be compatible with: tng thch vi
- delete (v) = remove: xa
- display (v) hin th
- duplicate (v) sao chp
(n) bn sao
duplication (n)
- failure (n) s tht bi + to Vo
fail
(v)
+ to Vo
fallible (a)
- figure out (v) = understand: hiu ra
- ignore (v) pht l
ignorance (n)
ignored
(v)
- search
(n) = investigation: iu tra
(v) = look for: tm kim
- shut down (v) = turn off: tt (my)
- warning (n) cnh bo; alert to danger: bo ng nguy him
(a)
warn (v) + sb + to Vo

12

When I try to shut down my computer,

a warning pops up that says Low
Memory. From there, I cant figure out what
to do. The computer wont let me access
any of my files, so I cant search for those
that I could delete. Ive already deleted all of
my duplicate files, and I cant believe that
my remaining files are using up so much
memory. Id be happy to ignore the
computers warning, but I have no option,
since the display is frozen on this message.
Do you think Ive failed to understand
something about the operations of this
computer? If you can, would you please
allocate a few minutes in your busy
schedule to help me solve this dilemma?
As I said before, Im sure that my software
is compatible and is not the source of this
problem.

Khi ti c gng tt my tnh ca

ti, mt thanh bt m cnh bo ni l "B
nh Thp". T , ti khng th hiu ra lm
ci g. My tnh s khng cho php ti truy
cp bt k tp tin no ca ti, v vy ti
khng th tm kim nhng ci m ti c th
xa. Ti xa tt c cc tp tin trng lp
ca ti, v ti khng th tin rng cc tp tin
cn li ca ti ang s dng qu nhiu b
nh. Ti s hnh phc pht l cnh bo
ca my tnh, nhng ti khng c la chn,
bi v vic hin th b ng bng trn thng
bo ny. Bn c ngh rng ti khng hiu
c iu g v cc hot ng ca my
tnh ny? Nu bn c th, bn vui lng dnh
mt vi pht trong lch trnh bn rn ca bn
gip ti gii quyt vn nan gii ny?
Nh ti ni trc y, ti chc chn rng
phn mm c tng thch v khng phi l
ngun gc ca vn ny.

dilemma /dalem./ (n)

13

Lesson 7. Office Technology

- affordable (a) phi chng affordable price
reasonable
competitive
afford
(v) kh nng chi tr
affordability (n)
- as needed (adv) khi cn
- be in charge of (v) ph trch, chu trch nhim
- appoint (v) b nhim, ch nh + to Vo
- capacity (n)
1. sc cha
2. kh nng
- ability to Vo: kh nng lm g
- durable (a) = strong: bn
- initiative (n) sng kin
initiate
(v)
initiation
(n) s xng, s m u
- physically (adv) v mt th cht
physical
(a)
physique
(n) th cht
- provider (n) = supplier: nh cung cp
provision (n)
provide
(v) provide sb with st
provide st to sb
- recur (v) ti din
recurrence (n)
recurring
(a)
- occur (v) xy ra
- reduction (n) = decrease: s ct gim
reduce
(v)
reducible (a)
- stay on top of (v) nm bt
- stock
(v) lu kho
(n) hng trong kho

14

Many companies have one person or

a department that is in charge of running the
office. If you have ever worked for a
company that doesnt have an office
manager, you very quickly learn to
appreciate the importance of the job. Who
is in charge of placing orders? Who
services the fax machine or printer? Who
makes sure that the office is presentable for
customers? Are the new conference tables
and shelves durable as well as affordable?
It
is
the
office
managers
responsibility to maintain an efficient and
smooth-running office. He or she looks for
ways to reduce costs and minimize
interruptions in the day-to-day operations.
Whereas functional managers know the
capacity of their employees, the office
manager knows the physical capacity of the
office and the supplies and machines that
are in the office.
The office manager initiates the
ordering of furniture and supplies, and stays
on top of changing office technology. Over
time, he or she may notice recurring
problems that require changing a service
provider. Furniture and large items are
ordered on an as needed basis. Other
frequently used materials, such as paper,
folders, and mailing materials, are on an
automatic ordering schedule and a stock of
those supplies is on hand at the office.

Nhiu cng ty c mt ngi hay mt

b phn c nhim v vn hnh vn phng.
Nu bn tng lm vic cho mt cng ty
m khng c mt ngi qun l vn phng,
bn rt nhanh chng hiu nh gi cao
tm quan trng ca cng vic. Ai chu trch
nhim v vic t hng? Ai phc v my
fax hoc my in? Ai chc chn rng vn
phng th d nhn cho khch hng? Nhng
bn hi ngh mi v k th bn cng nh c
kh nng chi tr khng?
l trch nhim ca ngi qun l
duy tr mt vn phng hiu qu v vn
hnh trn tru. Anh ta hoc c y tm nhng
cch ct gim chi ph v gim thiu s
gin on trong hot ng ngy ny qua
ngy khc. Trong khi cc qun l chc
nng bit nng lc ca nhng nhn vin
ca h, qun l vn phng bit nng lc vt
l ca vn phng v cc vt t v my mc
trong vn phng.
Qun l vn phng khi u vic sp
t ca ni tht v cc vt t, v nm
bt cng ngh vn phng ang thay i.
Theo thi gian, anh ta hoc c ta c th
nhn thy nhng vn ang ti din ci
m i hi vic thay i mt nh cung cp
dch v. Ni tht v vt ln c t trn
nguyn tc khi cn. Vt liu khc thng
xuyn c s dng, chng hn nh giy,
th mc, v cc nguyn vt liu gi th,
trn mt lch trnh t hng t ng v mt
kho hng ca nhng ngun cung cp c
sn ti vn phng.

15

Lesson 8. Office Procedures

- procedure /prsi.dr/ (n) th tc
- appreciation (n) s nh gi cao, cm kch in appreciation of: t lng cm kch
appreciate (v) + V_ing
appreciated (a)
- be made of (v) c lm t
- consist of (v) bao gm
- bring in (v) = hire = recuit: tuyn dng, thu
- casually (adv) mt cch bnh thng
- code
(n) qui tc, mt m
(v) vit bng mt m
coded (a)
- expose (to) (v) lm ai nhn ra
exposure (n)
exposed
(a)
- glimpse (n) ci nhn thong qua
- out of (a) ht run out of
- outdated (a) = obsolete: li thi
- practice (n)
1. s luyn tp
2. hot ng
3. thi quen
(v) luyn tp + V_ing
practical (a)
- reinforce (v) tng cng, ng h
reinforcement
(n)
reinforcing
(a)
- verbally (adv) bng li
verbalize
(v) din t, pht biu thnh li
verbal
(a)

16

How many employees show any

appreciation for their corporate culture?
How many executives appreciate what their
corporate culture is and what it is made of?
It is open reinforced by the office
procedures and routines that have been
established over the years. A manager
made her mark twenty years ago by
dressing casually, thereby forever changing
the dress code. A director bought from the
competition when he ran out of stock and
practice soon became standard. These
examples add to a companys culture.

Good employees know what the

standard procedures are. This is an
important element in recruiting new
employees, as well as training workers.
When training workers, it is often important
to have them read the procedures, write
their reactions, and verbalize their opinions
to these practices. This promotes a sense
of cooperation between those who establish
the practices and those who must follow
them.
Employees who have been with a
company for many years may not be able to
identify outdated practices because they
havent been exposed to anything else.
What happens when a department needs
an extra hand? Is a temp brought in, or is
someone
borrowed
from
another
department? The new recruits often ask the
questions
that
allow
more
senior
employees to get a glimpse of the corporate
culture.

C bao nhiu nhn vin cho thy bt

k s nh gi cao i vi vn ha doanh
nghip ca h? Lm th no nhiu nh
iu hnh nh gi cao vn ha doanh
nghip ca h l g v n c lm bng
g? N th ci m c tng cng bi cc
th tc vn phng v nhng thi quen m
c thnh lp qua nhiu nm. Mt
nh qun l to du n ca c ta 20 nm
trc bng cch n mc kh bnh thng,
bng cch thay i mi mi qui tc n mc.
Mt gim c mua t i th cnh tranh
khi ng ht hng trong kho v hot ng
nhanh chng tr thnh tiu chun. Nhng
v d ny thm v vn ha ca cng ty.
Nhng nhn vin tt bit cc th tc
chun l g. y l mt yu t quan trng
trong vic tuyn dng nhng nhn vin mi,
cng nh o to nhng cng nhn. Khi
hun luyn cc nhn vin, thng l rt
quan trng bo h c cc th tc, vit
nhng phn ng ca h, v din t bng
li nhng kin ca h v nhng hot
ng ny. iu ny thc y mt cm gic
ca s hp tc gia nhng ngi thit lp
nhng thng l v nhng ngi phi lm
theo chng.
Nhng nhn vin c c vi mt
cng ty trong nhiu nm c th khng c
kh nng xc nh nhng thi quen lc hu
bi v h khng c tip xc vi bt c
iu g khc. iu g xy ra khi mt b phn
cn thm mt bn tay? L mt "ngi
tm" c thu vo, hoc l mt ngi
c mn t cc b phn khc? Nhng
nhn vin mi thng hi nhng cu hi
m cho php cc nhn vin cp cao c
c mt ci nhn thong qua ca vn ha
doanh nghip.

- routine

(n) thi quen

(a) hng ngy
- over + khong thi gian: du hiu ca th HTHT
- dress m ch phong cch n din, wear m ch thao tc mc
17

Lesson 9. Electronics
- electronics (n) thit b in t
- disk (n) a
- digital (a) thuc k thut s
- facilitate (v) lm cho d dng = ease (v)

1. lm cho d dng
2. lm gim = reduce + O
= decline +

- network

(n) mng li
(v) kt ni = connect (to/with)
- broadcast (v) pht sng
- popularity (n) s ph bin
popularize (v)
popular
(a)
- process (n) qu trnh in G/A process: trong qu trnh = in process of + N
(v) x l
- replace (v) thay th
replacement(n)
replaceable (a)
- former (a) cu, trc y. Ex: former student
- revolution (n) cuc cch mng
revolutionize
(v)
revonlutionary
(a)
- sharp (a) nhanh, nhy bn
- skill (n) k nng
skilled
(a)
skillfully
(adv)
- software (n) phn mm hardware
- store
(v) ct gi, lu tr
(n)
storage (n)
- technically (adv) v mt k thut
technical
(a)
technicality (n)

18

By the mid 1980s, virtually all U.S.

businesses owned at least one computer.
Prices of computers declined sharply over
the next few years, resulting in a surge in
popularity. At the same time, offices started
to rely on networks which facilitates the
sharing and processing of data. Such data
processing was made possible by
improvements in both the hardware and
software industries.
More recently, data storage disks
have undergone their own revolution.
Because of technical advancements, the
storage capacity of a compact disc
increased significantly.
In addition, manufacturers of software
offer competitive upgrades to replace
competitors products.
Virtually all office workers today are
trained in the most popular word processing
software.
Computers repeatedly revolutionize
the workplace, and everyone, no matter
how accomplished he or she is with other
skills, needs to stay abreast of major
trends in computer development.

Vo gia nhng nm 1980, hu nh

tt c cc doanh nghip Hoa K s hu t
nht mt my tnh. Gi ca my tnh gim
nhanh theo vi nm ti, dn n s gia
tng ph bin. ng thi, cc c quan bt
u da trn cc mng li m to iu
kin cho vic chia s v x l d liu. X l
d liu nh vy c th c thc hin
bi nhng ci thin trong c cc ngnh
cng nghip phn cng v phn mm.
Gn y hn, cc a lu tr d
liu tri qua cuc cch mng ca ring
chng. Bi v cc tin b k thut, kh nng
lu tr ca mt a compact tng ln
ng k.
Ngoi ra, cc nh sn xut phn
mm cung cp nhng s nng cp cnh
tranh thay th cc sn phm ca i th
cnh tranh.
Hu nh tt c cc nhn vin vn
phng ngy nay c o to trong phn
mm x l vn bn ph bin nht.
My tnh cch mng ha ni lm vic
mt cch lp i lp li, v tt c mi ngi,
d cho anh ta hoc c ta c thit lp vi
cc k nng khc nh th no, cn phi
theo kp vi cc xu hng chnh trong s
pht trin my tnh.

- lm gim = reduce + O
= decline +
- result in = lead to: dn n
- undergo maintenance
tri qua s bo tr (dng cho my mc)
renovation
tri qua s tn trang, tu sa (dng cho nh ca)
(khng dng b ng sau undergo)
significantly
substantially
increase/ go up/ rise/ improve
considerably
dramatically
decrease/ decline/ reduce
grantly
- no matter how + adj/adv + S + be/V: d cho th no
- stay abreast of: bt kp vi

19

Lesson 10. Correspondence

- correspondence /kr.spn.dns/ (n) th tn
- assemble (v) = put together = bring together: thu thp, tp hp
- beforehand (adv) = in advance: trc (ng cui cu)
- complication (n) s phc tp
complicate (v)
complicated (a)
- courier (n) ngi a th
- express (a) tc hnh send by express mail: gi bng th tc hnh
(v) by t
- fold (v) gp li
- layout (n) b cc
- mention (n)
(v) cp
mentionable (a)
- petition
(n) li thnh cu
(v) thnh cu
petitioner (n) ngi thnh cu
- proof
(v) tm li sai
(n) chng c = evidence
proofreader (n) ngi sot li
proofing
(G)
- register
(n) h s = record
(v) ng k
registration (n)
registered (a)
- revise (v) chnh sa
revised
(a)
revision
(n)

20

In small offices, it is often the

executive assistant who must manage all
of the printed material that the firm
produces. The job responsibilities include
typing and printing out the correspondence.
These letters and memos must all be
carefully proofed to make sure they are
error-free. If not, the errors should be
corrected. If the meaning is not clear, the
correspondence should be revised. This
revision should be done beforehand, not
when the letter is ready to be sent.
Before putting correspondence into
an envelope, the executive assistant must
assemble all the various attachments and
other documents to be enclosed with the
letter. When folding the correspondence, the
assistant should make sure that when
opening the envelope, the recipient sees the
letterhead first.
Once prepared, the correspondence
must be sent appropriately. Local, urgent
mail could be hand-delivered by a courier
service. Long-distance, urgent mail could be
sent overnight or by express mail. If a
record is required mail can be registered
and receipts are given.
In addition to transmitting and
receiving faxes, the executive assistant
must work closely with company officials.
When the company executives have to
make a presentation, the executive
assistant often becomes a graphic designer
charged with the layout, or the look of, the
graphics and text for the printed materials
used during the presentations. Did I mention
that these duties generally involve learning
extremely complicated design software? Its
a wonder that more executive assistants
dont petition their bosses for a raise.

Trong cc vn phng nh, thng th

tr l gim c iu hnh phi qun l tt
c nguyn vt liu c in n m cng ty
sn xut ra. Cc trch nhim cng vic bao
gm nh my v in ra th tn. Nhng l
th ny v thng bo ni b ny tt c phi
c sot li cn thn m bo rng
chng khng c li. Nu khng, nhng sai
st cn c sa cha. Nu ngha khng
r rng, th tn nn c chnh sa li.
Vic chnh sa ny cn phi c thc
hin trc, khng phi khi th sn sng
c gi.
Trc khi a th tn vo mt phong
b, tr l gim c iu hnh phi tp hp
tt c cc file nh km khc nhau v cc ti
liu khc c nh km vi th. Khi gp
th tn, ngi tr l phi m bo rng khi
m phong b ra, ngi nhn thy tiu
th trc tin.
Mt khi c chun b, th tn phi
c gi mt cch thch hp. Th khn
cp, a phng c th c bn giao tn
tay bi mt dch v chuyn pht nhanh.
Th khn cp, ng di c th c gi
qua m hoc bng th tc hnh. Nu mt
bn ghi c yu cu gi c th c ng
k v cc bin lai c a ra.
Ngoi vic truyn v nhn fax, tr l
gim c iu hnh phi lm vic cht ch
vi cc quan chc cng ty. Khi cc gim
c iu hnh cng ty phi thc hin mt
bi thuyt trnh, cc tr l iu hnh thng
tr thnh mt nh thit k ha chu
trch nhim vi b cc, hay hnh nh v,
ha v vn bn cho cc ti liu c in
c s dng trong sut cc bi thuyt
trnh. Ti cp rng cc nhim v
thng lin quan vic hc tp cc phn
mm thit k v cng phc tp cha? Tht
ngc nhin khi m nhiu tr l iu hnh
khng kin ngh ng ch ca h cho mt
khon tng lng.

21

- firm (v) n nh (n) cng ty

- official (n) quan chc (a) chnh thc
- suitable, proper, appropriate, relevant, pertinent improper

22

Lesson 11. Job Advertising and Recruiting

- abundant (a) di do
- accomplishment (n) thnh tu = achievement
accomplish
(v) = achieve
accomplished
(a)
- in honor of: vinh danh
- bring together (v) = gather: thu thp, tp hp
- training session (n) phin hun luyn
- candicate (n) ng c vin
- come up with (v) a ra
- invent (v) pht minh
- be commensurate with: tng xng vi
- match
(n) ph hp
(v) kt ni
matching (a)
- profile
(n) nhm c im, tiu s
(v)
profiled (a)
- qualifications (n) 1. phm cht
2. nng lc
3. bng cp
qualify
(v)
qualified
(a)
- recruit
(v) tuyn dng /rkrut/
(n) nhn vin
recruitment (n)
recruiter
(n)
- submit (v) np = turn in
submission (n)
submittal (v)
- time-consuming (a) tn thi gian

23

Recruiting employees is a timeconsuming and costly process. Therefore,

employers want to match the right person
with the right job the first time around.
There are many ways to recruit good
employees: advertising in newspapers and
professional journals, recruiting on college
campuses or at conferences, or getting
referrals from headhunters.
Recruiting is a time for a company to
brag about its accomplishments and excite
people about its future. Each company is
trying to bring together the best and the
brightest, but they are not alone. Their
competition is trying to do the same thing.
When jobs are abundant and there is low
unemployment, employers may face higher
demands from job seekers. Conversely,
when the economy is slowing down and
jobs are few, employers are in a better
position for attracting the best candidates.
Employers
look
for
certain
characteristics and qualifications in their
employees. Coming up with a very specific
profile that fits the company culture and the
specific job requirements is a difficult job.
Employers want to see a well-rounded
candidate and someone who has related
work experience. They are willing to offer a
salary that is commensurate with that
experience. Employers will make hiring and
salary determinations based on the
information candidates submit throughout
the application and interview process.

Tuyn dng nhn vin l mt qu

trnh mt thi gian v tn km. Do , cc
nh tuyn dng mun kt ni ng
ngi vi ng vic ngay t ln u tin.
C rt nhiu cch tuyn dng nhng
nhn vin tt: qung co trn bo v tp ch
chuyn nghip, tuyn dng ti cc khun
vin trng hc hoc ti cc hi ngh, hoc
nhn t vn t cng ty sn u ngi.
Tuyn dng l lc cho mt cng ty
khoe v nhng thnh tch ca n v kch
thch mi ngi v tng lai ca n. Mi
cng ty ang c gng tp hp ngi tt
nht v xut sc nht, nhng h khng n
c. i th cnh tranh ca h ang c
gng lm iu tng t. Khi cng vic
rt di do v c t l tht nghip thp, nh
tuyn dng c th phi i mt nhu cu cao
t nhng ngi tm vic. Ngc li, khi
nn kinh t ang chm li v vic lm rt t,
nh tuyn dng ang trong mt v tr tt
hn thu ht cc ng vin tt nht.
Nhng nh tuyn dng tm kim
nhng c im v nng lc nht nh ca
nhn vin ca h. a ra mt h s rt c
th ci m ph hp vn ha cng ty v cc
yu cu cng vic c th l mt cng vic
lm kh khn. Nhng nh tuyn dng mun
xem mt ng c vin hon ho v mt
ngi lin quan n kinh nghim lm
vic. H sn sng cung cp mt mc
lng tng xng vi kinh nghim . Nh
tuyn dng s thc hin tuyn dng v xc
nh tin lng da trn cc thng tin m
ng vin np trong sut qu trnh np n
v phng vn.

24

Lesson 12. Applying and Interviewing

- ability (n) = competence: kh nng
- apply (for) (v) = submit: np
applicant
(n)
application (n)
- background (n) 1. l lch
2. kinh nghim
3. nn tng
- be ready for: sn sng cho
- call in (v) gi ai n
- confidence (n) s t tin
confident (a)
confidently (adv)
confidential (= secret) nature: bn cht b mt
- constantly (adv) = consistently: lin tc
- expert
(n) = specialist = professional: chuyn gia
(a)
expertise (n) chuyn mn
- department head = head of department: trng phng
- follow up (v) theo sau
- additional (a) thm na
- hesitant (a) do d
hesitation (n)
hesitate
(v)
- reluctant (a) min cng /rlk.tnt/
- present (v)
1. trnh by
2. xut trnh
3. gii thiu
presentation(n)
presentative(a)
- weakly (adv) yu t
weak
(a)
weakness (n)
- strength (n) sc mnh

25

How many times in your life will you

search for a new job? The experts say
probably more times than you think! Some
people find the job search time-consuming
and hard on their self-confidence. The best
job hunters are those who never stop
looking and dont dwell on their
weaknesses. They network constantly: at
meetings, at social gatherings and with
people they meet on the street. They follow
up periodically with contacts and
acquaintances to keep up with new
developments.
Good job hunters assess their
abilities all the time. Before they even apply
for a position, they have researched the
field and the specific companies they are
interested in. They know where they could
fit into the company and they tailor their
rsums for each position. They try to show
how their backgrounds match the job
opening. Therefore, when they are called in
for an interview, theyre prepared. They are
ready for anything!
At the interview, these job hunters
know that they must present themselves in
the best way possible. This is their
opportunity to shine. It is also their
opportunity to see if this is truly the job that
they want. If either party is hesitant at the
interview, it may be a sign that it isnt a good
fit.

bao nhiu ln bn s tm kim mt

cng vic mi trong cuc sng ca bn?
Cc chuyn gia cho rng thi gian c th
nhiu hn bn ngh! Vi ngi nhn thy
tm kim cng vic tn nhiu thi gian v
kh khn v s t tin ca h. Cc th sn
cng vic tt nht l nhng ngi khng
bao gi ngng tm kim v khng ngh v
nhng im yu ca h. H kt ni lin tc:
ti cc cuc hp, ti cc bui hp mt x
hi v vi nhng ngi m h gp trn
ng ph. H theo di nh k vi cc
lin h v nhng ngi quen bit theo
kp vi nhng s pht trin mi.
Nhng th sn cng vic tt nh gi
kh nng ca h mi lc. Trc khi h thm
ch np n cho mt v tr, h nghin
cu lnh vc v cc cng ty c th m h
quan tm. H bit ni m h c th ph
hp vi cng ty v h sp xp h s xin
vic ca h cho tng v tr. H c gng
th hin nn tng ph hp ch lm ang
trng. V vy, khi h c gi ti cho mt
cuc phng vn, h chun b sn sng.
H th sn sng cho bt c iu g!
Ti cuc phng vn, nhng ngi tm
vic ny bit rng h phi th hin mnh
mt cch tt nht c th. y l c hi ca
h ta sng. N cng l c hi ca h
xem liu y l cng vic thc s m h
mun khng. Nu mt trong hai bn do d
ti cuc phng vn, n c th l mt du
hiu cho thy n khng phi l mt s ph
hp tt.

26

Lesson 13. Hiring and Training

- conduct

(n) hnh vi = behavior

(v) tin hnh, thc hin
conductor (n)
- generate (v) to ra = create
generator (n)
generated (a)
- hire (v) thu
(n) nhn vin = employee employer
- keep up with (v) bt kp vi
- look up to (v) ngng m = admire
- highly (adv) mt cch cao, cc k
- mentor (n) ngi hng dn
- on track (a) ng lch trnh = on schedule stay on track: gi ng lch trnh
- reject (v) t chi, loi b rejection (n)
- set up
(v) thit lp = establish
(a) = established
- success (n) s thnh cng
succeed
(in)
(v) thnh cng (trong)
be successful (with)
(a) thnh cng (vi)
- training (n) s hun luyn
train
(v)
trainer
(n)
trainee
(n)
- update (on)
(n) s cp nht
(v) cp nht
updated = up-to-date (a) cp nht
- latest (a) mi nht

27

After the ads have been placed, and

the interviews have been conducted,
decisions have to be made. Who should the
company bring onboard? Job offers are
extended and they are either accepted or
rejected. For those who accept the offer, the
job
search
has
been
completed
successfully. But for both the employer and
the new hire, the job has just begun.
Companies want new employees to
generate new business and new ideas as
soon as possible. Before they can do that,
the new hires need some training. All
companies have unique expectations and
methods of operating. Company trainers
conduct workshops and seminars for both
experienced and new workers. All
employees must prepare for the future and
continuously update themselves in their
field. Nowadays, workers are expected to
keep up with the latest trends and
information. Otherwise, they fall behind.

Many companies set up a mentoring

program for new employees. The mentor is
usually an experienced manager or
employee and should be someone whom
the new employee can look up to. Mentors
often review goals and objectives with their
mentorees and help them to stay on track.

Sau khi qung co c t, v

cc cuc phng vn c thc hin, cc
quyt nh phi c thc hin. Cng ty
nn mang ai ln tu? Vic lm c m
rng v h hoc c chp nhn hoc b t
chi. i vi ngi chp nhn li ngh,
vic tm kim cng vic c hon
thnh mt cch thnh cng. Nhng i vi
c ch nhn v cc nhn vin mi, cng
vic mi ch bt u.
Cc cng ty mun nhng nhn vin
mi to ra vic kinh doanh mi v nhng
tng kinh doanh mi cng sm cng tt.
Trc khi h c th lm iu , cc nhn
vin mi cn vi s tp hun. Tt c cc
cng ty c nhng k vng v nhng
phng php hot ng c o. Nhng
ngi o to cng ty tin hnh cc
workshop v cc seminar cho cc cng
nhn c kinh nghim v mi. Tt c nhn
vin phi chun b cho tng lai v lin tc
t cp nht trong lnh vc ca h. Ngy
nay, ngi lao ng c mong i
theo kp vi cc xu hng v thng tin mi
nht. Nu khng, h tt li pha sau.
Nhiu cng ty thit lp mt chng
trnh t vn cho nhng nhn vin mi. C
vn thng l mt ngi qun l c kinh
nghim hoc nhn vin v nn l mt ngi
no m nhn vin mi c th ngng
m. Nhng ngi hng dn thng
xuyn xem xt cc mc ch v cc mc
tiu vi nhng ngi c hun luyn
ca h v gip h gi ng lch.

28

Lesson 14. Salaries and Benefits

- salary (n) lng thng
- basis (n) nn tng, nguyn tc
base
(v)
based
(a)
- be aware of (v) bit v iu g
- benefit (n) li ch
benefits
(n)
beneficial (a) c li
- take advantage of (v) li dng, tn dng
- compensate sb for st (v) bi thng
compensation
(n)
compensatory
(a)
- make up for (v) b li
- delicately (adv) mt cch tinh t, nhy cm
- sensitivity (n) s nhy cm sensitive information (n) thng tin nhy cm
- (be) eligible (for) (a) = (be) qualified (for): t cch, iu kin
- flexibly (adv) mt cch linh hot
flexible
(a)
flexibility
(n)
- negotiate (v) thng lng
negotiation (n)
negotiator (v)
- raise
(v) tng ln
(n) khon tng lng = pay
increase
raise
- retire (v) ngh hu
retirement (n)
retired
(a)
- vested (a) c m bo
- wage (n) lng (gi, tun)

29

An important part of the job search

often comes after an offer has been made.
Papers should not be signed until you have
successfully negotiated your salary and
benefits. You want to make sure you will be
adequately compensated for your skills,
work, and time. This is a delicate and
difficult area. You should be aware of what
the salary ranges are at the company and
in the field.
Some workers are not on a salary;
rather they work for an hourly wage. In
some cases, workers who earn an hourly
wage have more flexibility with the hours
they work. The trade-off is that the worker
may not receive any benefits. For those
workers on a salary, the base salary that is
negotiated is critical, because most
subsequent pay raises come in small
incremental amounts. Most companies
have a review process either on an annual
or semiannual basis. As a result of the
review, an employee may receive a raise.

Each employee has a unique

situation. Health insurance coverage and
retirement plans may be essential to some
employees, whereas they are not important
to others. Many companies will offer
benefits in such a way that it is to the
employees advantage to stay with the
company for a longer period of time.
Employees may not be eligible to sign up
for a retirement plan until they have been
with the company for one year and
employees are not fully vested in these
plans until they have five years of service
under their belts. Some bonus plans are
paid out over a period of years. Vacation
time increases after more years of service.

Mt phn quan trng ca vic tm

kim cng vic thng din ra sau khi mt
ngh c thc hin. Giy t khng
cn c k cho n khi bn m phn
mt cch thnh cng tin lng v cc li
ch ca bn. Bn mun chc chn rng bn
s c n b tha ng cho cc k
nng, cng vic, v thi gian ca bn. y
l mt lnh vc t nh v kh khn. Bn cn
nhn thc c cc bc lng cng ty
v trong lnh vc l g.
Vi cng nhn khng n lng theo
thng; thay v h lm vic cho mt mc
lng theo gi. Trong vi trng hp,
ngi lao ng kim c mt mc lng
theo gi c s linh hot hn vi nhng gi
m h lm vic. S nh i l ngi lao
ng c th khng nhn c bt k li ch.
i vi nhng ngi lao ng n lng
theo thng, mc lng c bn c
thng lng l rt quan trng, bi v hu
ht nhng khon tng lng sau ny
n vi s lng gia tng nh. Hu ht cc
cng ty c mt qu trnh xem xt trn
nguyn tc hng nm hoc na nm. Kt
qu ca s xem xt, mt nhn vin c th
nhn c mt khon tng lng.
Mi nhn vin c mt hon cnh duy
nht. Phm vi bo him y t v cc k
hoch ngh hu c th cn thit cho vi
nhn vin, trong khi chng khng quan
trng i vi nhng ngi khc. Nhiu
cng ty s cung cp li ch trong mt
cch nh vy m n l to s thun li
ca nhn vin li vi cng ty trong mt
thi gian di hn. Nhn vin c th khng
iu kin ng k mt k hoch ngh
hu cho n khi h c c vi cc cng ty
trong mt nm v nhn vin khng c
m bo mt cch y trong cc k
hoch ny cho n khi h c nm nm
phc v di s trung thnh ca h. Vi
k hoch tin thng c chi tr qua mt
khon nhiu nm. Thi gian ngh tng ln

30

sau nhiu nm phc v hn.

31

Lesson 15. Promotions, Pensions, and Awards

- pension (n) lng hu
- achievement = accomplishment (n) thnh tu
achieve
(v)
achiever
(n)
- contribute st to st (v) ng gp
contribution (n)
contributor (n)
- donate (v) quyn gp
- dedication (n) = commitment to: cng hin
- look forward to (v) mong i
- anticipate (v) lng trc + V_ing
- look to = depend on = rely on (v) da vo
- loyal = faithful (to) (a) trung thnh
loyalty
(n)
loyally
(a)
- metrit = excellence (n) xut sc
- obviously = apparently (adv) r rng l
- productive (a) c nng sut, hiu qu
product
(n)
produce
(v)
- promote (v)
thng tin
xc tin
qung co
khuyn mi
promotion (n)
promoter
(n)
- recognition (n) s cng nhn
- praise (n) s khen thng
- complimence (n) li khen
- value
(n) gi tr
(v) coi trng, nh gi
valuables (n) vt c gi tr

32

Congratulations. You have been

chosen by your colleagues to receive the
Keeler Award of Excellence. This
prestigious award recognizes employees
who
have
made
extraordinary
contributions to the corporation over the
years.
Your
coworkers gave
several
reasons for selecting you. First, they
mentioned your achievements in the
marketing department. In the past four
years, you have had four promotions in this
department, all based on the many merits
of your in developing our image in new
markets. In addition, your loyalty to the
department is obviously to all. Many of your
coworkers mention that they look to you for
advice. Your supervisor praised your high
productivity.
The Keeler Award acknowledges an
employees value with a $1,000 bonus. We
look forward to the opportunity to dedicate a
rosebush in the company garden in each
recipients name.
The awards ceremony will be held
on August 7 on the front lawn at 10:30 a.m.
Again, congratulations.

Xin chc mng. Bn c chn

bi cc ng nghip ca bn nhn cc
gii thng xut sc Keeler. Gii thng
uy tn ny cng nhn nhng nhn vin
c nhng ng gp c bit cho tp on
qua nhiu nm.
ng nghip ca bn cho mt s l
do cho vic la chn bn. u tin, h
cp nhng thnh tu ca bn trong b
phn marketing. Trong bn nm qua, bn
c bn chng trnh qung co trong b
phn ny, tt c da trn nhiu s xut
sc ca bn trong vic pht trin hnh nh
ca chng ta ti cc th trng mi. Ngoi
ra, s trung thnh ca bn cho b phn ny
l r rng cho tt c. Nhiu ng nghip
ca bn bit rng h da vo bn c
t vn. Ngi gim st ca bn ca ngi
nng sut cao ca bn.
Gii thng Keeler tha nhn gi tr
ca mt nhn vin vi tin thng 1,000
USD. Chng ti mong mun c hi dnh
ring mt bi hoa hng trong khu vn
cng ty di tn ca mi ngi nhn.
L trao gii s c t chc vo
ngy 07 thng 8 trn sn c pha trc lc
10:30. Mt ln na, xin chc mng.

33

Lesson 16. Shopping

- shop (v) mua sm
shopper (n) ngi mua sm
- bargain
(v) tr gi
(n) mn hi
- bear (v) = endure: chu ng cant bear = cant stand + V_ing
- behavior (n) thi , hnh vi behave (v) c x
- checkout (n) thanh ton
- comfort
(v) thoi mi
(n)
comfortable (a)
comfortably (adv)
- expand (v) m rng
expansion (n)
expanded (a)
- scope (n) phm vi
- explore (v) khm ph
exploration (n)
exploratory (a)
- investigate (v) iu tra
- item (n) th, mn, mc
- mandatory (a) = obligatory = compulsory: bt buc
mandate
(n)
(v)
- merchandise
(n) hng ha
(v)
merchant (n) thng gia
- strictly (adv) mt cch nghim khc
strict
(a)
strictness (n)
Our store strictly enforces its return policy.
- trend (n) xu hng ca th trng = fad
tendancy (n) xu hng ca hnh ng
- select, receive, accept, prevent + n

34

Some people love to shop. Others

cant bear shopping and only go when their
clothes are completely worn-out. No one
can get away from shopping unless you
can do without eating! Consumption and
consumer behavior affects everything we
do.
Some purchases are absolutely
mandatory. Everyone needs to eat, wear
clothing, and sit on furniture. Other
purchases are strictly for luxury items. The
vast majority of what most of us buy is
somewhere in between essential items and
frivolous items.
Most people shop by visiting stores
on the weekend. Its fun to expand the
number of places you shop in by exploring
new stores even if you dont make a
purchase. Its also comfortable to return to
stores you know well, where you know
what the merchandise selection is likely to
be.
Most shoppers are looking for
bargains. Some people even check out all
the aisles looking to see if the items they
normally use have been marked down.
Everyone loves finding that their favorite
items are discounted to a lower price. A sale
makes going to the checkout counter a
happier event.
A steadily growing trend is shopping
from the comfort of home. Many people
like to shop by catalogs and over the
Internet. You can get almost everything,
from books to apparel, by mail, without
having to leave your home.

Mt s ngi thch mua sm. Nhng

ngi khc khng th chu ng vic mua
sm v ch i khi qun o ca h c
hon ton mn. Khng ai c th thot khi
mua sm - tr khi bn c th lm m khng
n! Tiu dng v hnh vi ngi tiu dng
nh hng mi th m chng ta lm.
Mt s mn hng l hon ton bt
buc. Mi ngi cn n, mc qun o, v
ngi trn g. Cc mn hng khc l cho
nhng mn hon ton xa x. i a s
nhng g m hu ht chng ta mua u
gia mt hng thit yu v cc mt
hng ph phim.
Hu ht mi ngi mua sm bng
cch truy cp cc ca hng vo cui tun.
Tht l th v m rng s lng nhng
ni bn mua sm (trong ni ) bng cch
khm ph cc ca hng mi - thm ch
nu bn khng thc hin mua hng. Cng
tht thoi mi quay tr li ca hng bn
bit r, ni m bn bit vic la chn hng
ha c kh nng l g.
Hu ht ngi mua hng ang tm
kim cc mn hi. Mt s ngi thm ch
cn kim tra tt c cc li i gia xem
nu cc mn m h thng s dng
c gim gi. Mi ngi u thch thy
rng cc mn yu thch ca h ang c
gim gi n mt mc gi thp hn. Mt
ngi bn s i n quy thanh ton mt
s kin hnh phc hn.
Mt xu hng tng trng n nh l
vic mua sm t s thoi mi nh nh.
Nhiu ngi thch mua sm bng catalog
v trn Internet. Bn c th nhn c hu
nh mi th, t sch n qun o, bng
th, m khng cn phi ri khi nh ca
bn.

- get away from: thot khi

- check out (v) kim tra
- checkout (n) thanh ton
35

36

Lesson 17. Odering Supplies

- order
place order (v) t hng
take order (v) nhn hng
- diversify (v) = broaden: m rng
diversity
(n)
diverse
(a)
- enterprise (n) = business: doanh nghip
enterprising (a)
enterpriser (n) = entrepreneur
- essentially (adv) cn thit
essential
(a)
essense
(n)
- everyday (a) hng ngy = routine (a)
(n) thi quen
- function (n) chc nng
(v)
functional (a)
- maintain (v) duy tr
maintainable
(a)
maintainability
(n)
- obtain (st) from (v) xin, c c (ci g) t = acquire
- prerequisite (n) iu kin tin quyt
prosicute (v) truy t
- quality (n) phm cht, cht lng
- smooth (a) tri chy
smoothly
(adv)
smooth out (v)
- source (n) ngun
- stationery (n) vn phng phm
- spare (a) d phng

37

All businesses, large and small, must

maintain an inventory of supplies. In most
business offices, there are several essential
everyday items, including stationery, pens,
staples, and folders. These are easily
obtained from office supply stores that
provide the most commonly used items
under one roof. Some of these stores will
even take orders by telephone with free
delivery.
However, some businesses require a
more diverse range of supplies. For
example, businesses that ship their
products usually need cartons, Styrofoam
peanuts, mailing tape, and shipping labels
on hand at all times. Though these items
may be available from general office supply
stores, there are other specialty stores that
only sell packing and shipping supplies.
No matter what the type of business,
the office administrator is in charge of
ordering supplies and maintaining an
inventory. Having the essential supplies on
hand at all times is a prerequisite for the
smooth and efficient functioning of the
enterprise. The administrator should try to
locate the cheapest source of the supplies
required, but also pay attention to the
quality of the goods.

Tt c cc doanh nghip, ln v nh,

phi duy tr cc vt t tn kho. Trong hu
ht cc vn phng kinh doanh, c mt s
mt hng thit yu hng ngy, bao gm vn
phng phm, bt, ghim kp, v ba kp
giy. Chng th d dng c c t cc
ca hng vt t vn phng ci m cung cp
cc mt hng c s dng ph bin nht
di mt mi nh. Mt s ca hng thm
ch s nhn n t hng qua in thoi vi
vic giao hng min ph.
Tuy nhin, mt s doanh nghip i
hi mt phm vi a dng hn cc vt t. V
d, cc doanh nghip vn chuyn sn phm
ca h thng cn thng giy, u phng
xp, bng gi th, v nhn vn chuyn c
sn vo mi lc. Mc d cc mt hng ny
c th c sn t cc ca hng vt t vn
phng ni chung, c nhng ca hng
chuyn mn khc ch bn cc vt t ng
gi v vn chuyn.
Cho d loi hnh kinh doanh no,
ngi qun tr vn phng ph trch t
hng vt t v duy tr mt hng tn kho. C
cc vt t thit yu c sn vo mi lc l
mt iu kin tin quyt cho s hot ng
trn tru v hiu qu ca doanh nghip.
Qun tr vin nn c gng nh v ngun
cung r nht cc vt t c i hi, nhng
cng ch n cht lng ca hng ha.

38

Lesson 18. Shipping

- accurately (adv) mt cch chnh xc
accuracy
(n)
accurate
(a)
- carrier (n) ngi vn chuyn
- catalog (n) danh mc sn phm
- fulfill = finish = finalize (v) hon tt
requirement
request
need
order

fulfill
meet
accommodate
fulfilling
(G)
fulfillment (n)
- integral = necessary (a) cn thit
integrate
(v)
integration (n)
- inventory (n) hng tn kho
- minimize (v) gim thiu
minimal
(a)
minimum (n)
- on hand = available (a) c sn
- remember (v) nh li
- retain (v) gi li
- memory (n) k nim
memorable (a) ng nh
memorial (a) thuc v k nim
- ship (v) vn chuyn = transport
shipper
(n)
shipment (n)
- sufficiently (adv) mt cch
sufficient
(a)
suffice
(n)
- supply
(n) hng ha, vt dng
(v) cung cp = provide

39

For Mr. Parks Asian housewares

store, shipping is an integral part of the
business. Many customers need to send
their purchases to friends or relatives who
live far away. Other customers, who do not
live near one of his stores, shop by catalog
and need their orders sent by mail.

Shipping is, of course, the process of

getting goods delivered to a customer, but it
is more than just getting a box in the mail.
Goods must be packaged carefully to
minimize breakage and ensure that they
arrive safely. Staff members must keep
accurate records of the inventory shipped,
so Mr. Park knows at all times the answers
to these questions: When did a box leave
the store? Who was the carrier who
delivered it? When did it arrive at its
destination?
Customers
will
have
confidence in Mr. Parks business when he
can give quick and accurate answers.
The shipping process must be tied to
the stores inventory. When orders are
taken, the shipping staff must know that
there is sufficient inventory of the product
on hand to fulfill the request. If a product is
on order, the sales staff should advise the
customer to expect a delay. When orders
are shipped out, they must be deleted from
the inventory records so Mr. Park knows
exactly how many items are on hand in his
warehouse. It takes a good computer
program to keep track of the additions and
deletions to the inventory.

Sales staff must remember to charge

for shipping and appropriate taxes. Mr. Park
must keep good records on the cost of the
shipping and packing materials and other

i vi ca hng gia dng chu

ca ng Park, vn chuyn l mt phn
khng th thiu ca doanh nghip. Nhiu
khch hng cn gi nhng mn hng cho
bn b hoc ngi thn xa. Cc khch
hng khc, nhng ngi khng sng gn
mt trong cc ca hng ca ng y, mua
sm bng danh mc sn phm v cn cc
n hng ca h c gi bng ng
bu in.
Vn chuyn l, tt nhin, qu trnh
mang hng ha c giao cho mt khch
hng, nhng cng lm ch mang mt hp
qua ng bu in. Hng ha phi c
ng gi cn thn gim thiu vic v v
m bo rng chng n ni an ton. Nhn
vin phi gi h s chnh xc ca hng tn
kho c vn chuyn, v vy ng Park bit
mi lc cu tr li cho nhng cu hi: Khi
no mt hp ri khi ca hng? Ngi vn
chuyn ngi m giao n cho ai? Khi no
n n im n ca n? Khch hng s
c s t tin trong doanh nghip ca ng
Park khi ng c th cung cp cc cu tr li
nhanh chng v chnh xc.
Qu trnh vn chuyn phi c gn
lin vi hng tn kho ca ca hng. Khi
n t hng c thc hin, cc nhn
vin vn chuyn phi bit rng c hng
tn kho ca cc sn phm sn c hon
tt yu cu. Nu mt sn phm ang c
t hng, nhn vin bn hng nn t vn
cho khch hng mong i mt s tr
hon. Khi n t hng c vn chuyn
ra ngoi, chng phi c xa t cc h
s tn kho nn ng Park bit chnh xc c
bao nhiu mt hng sn c ti nh kho ca
ng y. Phi mt mt chng trnh my tnh
tt theo di nhng b sung v nhng
xa b cho cc hng tn kho.
Nhn vin bn hng phi nh tnh
ph cho thu vn chuyn v thch hp. ng
Park phi gi h s tt v chi ph ca cc
vt liu ng gi v vn chuyn v cc vt

40

supplies, the cost of the carriers, and staff t khc, chi ph ca ngi vn chuyn, v
time to assess whether he is billing enough thi gian nhn vin nh gi xem liu
to cover his shipping expenses.
anh ta c thanh ton trang tri cc chi
ph vn chuyn ca anh ta.
houseware (n) gia dng warehouse (n) nh kho

41

Lesson 19. Invoices

- invoice (n) ha n
- charge
(v) tnh ph
(n) ph (ph dch v lu lu mi s dng, expense l ph hng ngy)
- compile (v) thu thp, tp hp = gather
compilation (n)
compiled
(a)
- customer (n) khch hng
- commodity (n) hng ha
mt iu g = thing
- discount (v) ct gim
(n) = reduction
- efficient (a) hiu qu
efficiently (adv)
efficiency (n)
- estimate (v) c tnh
estimation (n)
estimating (G)
- impose (v) p t
imposition (n)
imposing
(a)
- surcharge (n) ph tr thm
- mistake (n) li lm
mistaken
(v)
(a)
- order
(v) t hng
(n) n hng
- promptly (adv) mt cch nhanh chng
begin promptly
bt u mt cch nhanh chng
precisely
bt u mt cch chnh xc
- rectify (v) xoay chuyn
He rectified the situation by writing a letter of apology.
- terms (n) 1. thut ng
2. iu khon
in terms of: v mt

42

Mail-order companies need to have

an efficient process for invoicing and billing
customers. When a customer places an
order, a list of items must be compiled and
an invoice generated. The invoice will list
the items purchased, along with the cost of
each item, and the quantity desired.
Charges that will be incurred in shipping
the items to the customer are also added to
the invoice. Sometimes shipping charges
are simply estimated based on the weight
or value of the items ordered.

The invoice also shows the terms of

payment. Payment is usually due within 30
days. Extra charges are often imposed on
overdue accounts. Many companies also
offer a small discount if invoices are paid
promptly.
Sometimes items get damaged or lost
(while) in transit, or customers discover
that the wrong items have been shipped by
mistake. They will usually call the company
to have the problem rectified. Such
complaints should be dealt with promptly. If
an item is missing, a replacement will be
sent, usually at no additional charge to the
customer.

Cc cng ty t hng qua th cn

phi c mt qu trnh hiu qu cho vic lp
ha n v thanh ton cho khch hng. Khi
mt khch hng t mt n hng, mt
danh sch cc vt dng ny phi c thu
thp v ha n c to ra. Ha n s
lit k cc mt hng c mua, cng vi
chi ph ca tng mc, v s lng c
mong mun. Chi ph m s c chu
trong vic vn chuyn cc mt hng cho
khch hng cng c thm vo ha n.
i khi chi ph vn chuyn ch n gin l
c c tnh da trn trng lng hoc
tr gi ca cc mt hng c t mua.
Ho n cng cho thy cc iu
khon thanh ton. Vic thanh ton thng
l n hn trong vng 30 ngy. Ph tnh
thm thng c p t trn cc ti
khon qu hn. Nhiu cng ty cng cung
cp mt gim gi nh nu ha n c
thanh ton mt cch nhanh chng.
i khi cc mt hng b lm h hi
hoc tht lc trong qu trnh vn chuyn,
hoc khch hng khm ph rng cc mn
hng sai c vn chuyn bi sai lm.
H thng s gi cho cng ty nh xoay
chuyn vn . Khiu ni nh th phi
c x l mt cch nhanh chng. Nu
mt mn hng b mt tch, mt s thay th
s c gi, thng khng tnh ph thm
cho khch hng.

43

Lesson 20. Inventory

- inventory (n) hng tn kho
- adjustment (n) s iu chnh
adjust (v)
adjustable (a)
- automatically (adv) mt cch t ng
automatic (a)
automation (n)
- crucial (a) rt quan trng
- significant (a) quan trng, ng k
- discrepancy (n) s bt ng
- disturb (v) quy ry
disturbance (n)
disturbingly (adv)
- interfere (v) can thip
- interrupt (v) gin on
- liability (n) trch nhim = responsibility
- obligation (n) s bt buc
- reflection (n) s phn nh
reflect(v)
reflector
(n)
- run (v) vn hnh = operate
- scan (v) qut
scanner
(n)
scanned
(a)
- subtract (v) tr ra; deduct (v) khu tr
subtraction (n)
subtracted (a)
- tedious (a) nhm chn
- verify (v) xc nhn = confirm = validate invalidate = cancel: hy b
- account for (v) gii thch cho ci g

44

In a retail business, inventory has

multiple meanings. Inventory means all the
goods that a company has on hand or
available to it in a warehouse. Inventory
also means the process by which the
business verifies the number of goods. An
accurate account of the inventory available
is crucial. The amount of stock is a liability
because it is already owned by the
business.
Taking an inventory is a physical
count of the inventory holdings. Today,
almost every business keeps a running
inventory count by having its sales records
tied by computer to its inventory. When a
customer makes a purchase, the computer
system tied to the register subtracts the
purchase from the inventory records. If a
customer makes a return or an exchange,
the inventory numbers will be adjusted by
the computer automatically. Thats often
why scanning the bar code is so important
in stores. If merchandise is broken or
damaged in the stockroom or on the sales
floor, the manager will ask the sales and
stock help to change the stock holdings to
reflect the loss.

As good as the computer records

may be, they are just an estimate. At least
once a year, most businesses do an actual
physical count of the inventory. This process
can be tedious but it is necessary as there
are always discrepancies between what the
computer says you own and what your
physical count says. Often stores close for a
day, or at least close early, so that staff can
perform the inventory without disturbances.

Trong mt doanh nghip bn l,

hng tn kho c nhiu ngha. Hng tn
kho c ngha l tt c cc mt hng m
mt cng ty c sn hoc sn c cho n
trong mt nh kho. Hng tn kho cng c
ngha l qu trnh m bng qu trnh
doanh nghip xc nhn s lng hng ha.
Mt lng chnh xc hng tn kho sn c l
rt quan trng. S lng hng l mt trch
nhim bi v n thuc s hu bi cc
doanh nghip.
t hng tn kho l mt s vt l ca
cc thng hng tn kho. Ngy nay, hu
ht cc doanh nghip gi mt s lng
hng tn kho ang chy bng cch c cc
h s bn hng ca n c gn bng my
tnh n hng tn kho. Khi mt khch hng
thc hin mua hng, h thng my tnh
c gn lin vi vic ng k tr ra mua
t cc h s kim k. Nu mt khch hng
thc hin vic tr li hoc trao i, cc con
s hng tn kho s c iu chnh bi cc
my tnh mt cch t ng. l l do ti
sao thng xuyn qut m vch l rt quan
trng trong cc ca hng. Nu hng ha b
v hoc b h hng trong nh kho hoc
trn tng bn hng, ngi qun l s yu
cu ngi bn hng v chng khon gip
thay i s hu c phn phn nh s
mt mt.
Tt nh cc h s my tnh c th,
chng ch l mt c tnh. t nht mt ln
mt nm, hu ht cc doanh nghip lm
mt s vt l thc t ca hng tn kho. Qu
trnh ny c th nhm chn nhng n l cn
thit nh lun lun c nhng s bt ng
gia nhng g cc my tnh ni bn s hu
v nhng g m s vt l ca bn ni.
Thng th cc ca hng ng trong mt
ngy, hoc t nht l ng ca sm, m
nhn vin c th thc hin vic kim k m
khng c quy ry.

45

Lesson 21. Banking

- banking (n) ngn hng
- accept (v) chp nhn
acceptable (a)
acceptance (n)
- balance (n) s d ti khon
- remainder (n) phn cn li
- borrow (v) mn lend (v) cho mn
- cautiously (adv) mt cch thn trng
caution
(v)
cautious
(a)
precaution (n)
take precaution (v) phng
- deduct (v) khu tr
deduction (n)
deductible (a)
- dividend (n) li tc
- distribution (n) s phn phi
- down payment (n) t thanh ton u tin
- initial (a) ban u
- mortgage (v) th chp
(n)
- restricted (a) gii hn, hn ch = limited
restrict
(v)
restriction (n)
- signature (n) ch k
sign (v)
(n)
- take out (v) rt ra = withdraw
- transaction (n) s giao dch
transact (v)
- deal (n)
1. cung cp
2. thng lng
3. thng v

46

Banks are not only places in which to

save money or to transact your financial
business, but also institutions from which
people can borrow money. Every day,
people look to banks for loans, such as
mortgages for new homes. A loan is
essentially a contract that binds the lender
to a schedule of payments, so both parties
should be cautious and not enter into the
arrangement without thinking. Banks will
look at such factors as how much people
have saved towards a down payment in
determining whether to make a loan.

Banks have different kinds of

accounts. Some pay high quarterly
dividends. Some accounts even severely
restrict the number of times, if any, that you
can access your account, or the amount of
cash you can take out.
Today, electronic banking can be
used to check the balance on an account, or
to see if automatic deductions have been
made. This can all be done from your home
or office computer. When you go to the
bank, be sure to bring identification.
Usually a bank will only accept a photo ID;
a signature is not a valid ID.

Cc ngn hng khng ch l ni m

trong tit kim tin hoc giao dch
vic kinh doanh ti chnh ca bn, m cn
cc t chc m t ngi dn c th vay
tin. Mi ngy, ngi dn da vo cc
ngn hng cho cc khon vay, nh l th
chp cho ngi nh mi. Mt khon vay ch
yu l mt hp ng lin kt ngi cho
mn vi mt lch trnh thanh ton, v
vy c hai bn cn phi thn trng v khng
tham gia vo s sp xp m khng suy
ngh. Cc ngn hng s xem xt cc yu t
nh bao nhiu ngi tit kim hng ti
mt t thanh ton u tin trong vic xc
nh xem c nn thc hin mt khon vay.
Cc ngn hng c cc loi ti khon
khc nhau. Mt s chi tr li tc theo hng
qu cao. Mt s ti khon thm ch hn ch
mt cch nghim ngt s lng ln, nu
c, bn c th truy cp vo ti khon ca
bn, hoc s tin mt m bn c th rt ra.
Ngy nay, ngn hng in t c th
c s dng kim tra s d trn mt
ti khon, hoc xem liu khu tr mt
cch t ng c thc hin cha. iu
ny tt c c th c thc hin t nh
hoc my tnh vn phng ca bn. Khi bn
i n ngn hng, hy chc chn mang
theo giy t nhn din. Thng thng,
mt ngn hng s ch chp nhn mt ID
bn sao; mt ch k khng phi l mt ID
hp l.

47

Lesson 22. Accounting

- accounting (n) nghip v k ton
accountant (n) k ton
account
(n) ti khon
- accumulate (v) = gather
accumulation
(n)
accumulated
(a)
- asset (n) ti sn
- sophisticated (a) tinh vi, hin i (dng cho vt dng)
- audit (n, v) kim ton
auditor (n)
- budget (n) ngn sch
- build up (v) tng theo thi gian
- client (n) khch hng
- debt (n) n out of debt (a) ht n
- outstanding (a) 1. ni bt = featured
2. cha thanh ton outstanding bill: ha n cha thanh ton
- profitably (adv) mt cch hiu qu
profit
(v)
(n)
profitable (a)
- reconcile (v) i chiu
- turnover (n) vng quay
- keep up with (v) bt kp vi

48

Accounting information is pulled

together or accumulated to help someone
make decisions. A manager must come up
with a budget to help control expenses. A
retail store owner realizes that her clients
have outstanding bills. A restaurant owner
wants to know if it is profitable to serve
lunch. A nonprofit organization is being
audited by the government. All of these
people and organizations could use the
services of an accountant.
Accountants and accounting systems
help a company stay on track. They raise
flags when expenses are building up and
keep an eye on the turnover of inventory.
They reconcile their clients accounts to
ensure that their clients records are correct.
Good accounting systems allow managers
to come up with ways to improve their
business.
The accountant prepare information
for both internal and external use.
Financial statements provide a quick look
into the life of a business. They show how
much debt the company is carrying and how
much its assets are worth. The outside
world uses this information to judge the
health of the company.

Thng tin k ton c ko li vi

nhau hoc c thu thp gip mt
ngi no a ra quyt nh. Mt nh
qun l phi a ra mt ngn sch gip
kim sot cc ph tn. Mt ch ca hng
bn l nhn ra rng cc khch hng ca c
c cc ha n cha thanh ton. Mt ch
nh hng mun bit nu n l li nhun
phc v ba n tra. Mt t chc phi li
nhun c kim ton bi cc chnh
ph. Tt c nhng ngi v t chc c th
s dng cc dch v ca mt k ton.
K ton vin v h thng k ton gip
mt cng ty gi ng lch trnh. H tng
quyn khi cc ph tn ang tng theo thi
gian v mt n vng quay hng tn
kho. H i chiu ti khon ca khch hng
ca h m bo rng h s ca khch
hng ca h ng. H thng k ton tt cho
php cc nh qun l a ra nhng cch
ci thin doanh nghip ca h.
K ton vin chun b thng tin cho
vic s dng c ni b v bn ngoi. Cc
bo co ti chnh cung cp mt ci nhn
lt vo cuc sng ca mt doanh nghip.
Chng cho thy cng ty ang mang bao
nhiu n v bao nhiu ti sn ca n c gi
tr. Th gii bn ngoi s dng thng tin
ny nh gi sc khe ca cng ty.

49

Lesson 23. Investments

- aggressively (adv) mt cch quyt lit
aggressive (a)
aggression (n)
- attitude (n) thi , hnh vi
- commit to (v)
1. cam kt vo
2. ng gp vo
commitment(n)
noncommittal
(a)
- conservative (a) = cautious: thn trng
conserve
(v)
conservatively
(adv)
- fund (n) qu
(v) ti tr tin funding (n) vic ti tr tin
- invest (in) (v) u t (vo)
investment (n)
investor
(n)
- long-term (a) di hn
- extend (v) 1. ko di
2. m rng
3. gi n extend sincere thank/apology: gi n li cm n/xin li chn thnh
- portfolio (n) danh mc u t
- pull out = withdraw (v) rt ra
- withdrawal (n) s rt ra
- removal (n) s xa b
- resource (n) ngun lc
- return
(n) li nhun
(v)
returnable (a)
- wisely (adv) mt cch khn ngoan
wise
(a)
wisedom
(n)

50

Investment is a common, everyday

occurrence. Companies invest time and
money in finding and training their
employees. Employees invest in their own
training and education. Financial investment
takes place at a corporate level and at an
individual level. Whether an individual or a
company, a decision must be made on the
percentage of resources to have invested
and the percentage to have in cash.
To avoid making stupid decisions,
many people use financial advisors.
Financial advisors help individuals and
corporations
make
wise
investment
decisions. What kind of portfolio should be
maintained? What should be in this
portfolio. At what point should an investor
pull back or pull out of the market? What
kind of returns should be investor
realistically expect? How much risk can an
investor take (both emotionally and
financially)? Investors who are committed
for the long-term can more easily weather
the ups and downs of a market. As one
analyst commented, If youre staying
awake at night thinking about the stock
market, you probably have too much
invested.
Many employees have retirement
plans at work. They decide what level of
contribution to make to a certain fund.
These decisions and large company
decisions depend to a large degree on
attitude. Is the decision maker aggressive or
conservative? That attitude often depends
on the age of the investor or on the stage
and the needs of business.
stage (n)
1. giai on
2. sn khu

u t l mt s kin ph bin v
hng ngy. Cc cng ty u t thi gian v
tin bc trong vic tm kim v o to nhn
vin ca h. Nhn vin u t vo vic o
to v gio dc ca ring h. u t ti
chnh din ra mc mt cng ty v
mt mc c nhn. Cho d mt c nhn
hay mt cng ty, mt quyt nh phi c
thc hin trn t l phn trm ca cc
ngun lc u t v t l phn trm
c tin mt.
trnh to ra nhng quyt nh ngu
ngc, nhiu ngi s dng cc chuyn gia
t vn ti chnh. T vn vin ti chnh gip
cc c nhn v cc t chc thc hin cc
quyt nh u t khn ngoan. Nhng loi
danh mc u t no nn c duy tr?
Ci g nn trong danh mc u t ny. Ti
im no mt nh u t nn rt v hoc
rt khi th trng? Nhng loi li nhun
no nh u t nn mong i mt cch
thc t? Bao nhiu ri ro m nh u t c
th gp (c v mt tnh cm ln ti chnh)?
Nh u t c cam kt trong di hn c
th d dng vt qua nhng thng trm
ca th trng. Nh mt nh phn tch
nhn xt, "Nu bn ang tnh to vo ban
m ang suy ngh v th trng chng
khon, bn c l u t qu nhiu."
Nhiu nhn vin c k hoch ngh
hu ti ni lm. H quyt nh mc ng
gp thc hin cho mt qu nht nh.
Nhng quyt nh v quyt nh cng ty ln
ph thuc n mt mc ln vo thi .
L ngi ra quyt nh nng n hay bo
th? Thi ny thng ph thuc vo
tui ca ch u t hoc trn giai on v
nhu cu ca doanh nghip.

51

Lesson 24. Taxes

- taxe (n) thu
- calculation (n) s tnh ton
calculate
(v)
calculator (n)
- deadline (n) hn cht
- file (v) np = submit
(n) h s
- fill out (form) (v) in vo (n) = complete
- give up (v) t b
- optimistic (a) lc quan pessimistic
- joint (a) cng tc, lin doanh
jointly (adv)
- owe (v) n
- penalty (n) hnh pht = punishment
penal
(a)
penalize
(v)
- preparation (n) s chun b
prepare
(v) chun b
preparatory (a)
- refund
(v) hon tr tin
(n) tin hon tr
refundable (a)
- spouse (n) v hoc chng
- withhold (v) gi li
- paycheck (n) tin lng

52

Every year, my wife gathers all of our

pay stubs and expense reports and
prepares to fill out our tax forms. She tries
to finish them in March, well before the April
15th deadline. Its a time-consuming
process. There are receipts to find, records
to organize, and forms to fill out. When we
first got married, we filed separate returns.
But now she marks me as her spouse and
files the joint return. It saves us money and
saves me time!

My wife is very proud of her

accuracy. The government has never sent
the forms back with corrections. For
several years now, we have received a
refund. But this year, she calculated the
numbers over and over again and found
we had not paid enough taxes throughout
the year. She didnt want to owe any money.
Finally, she gave up and sent in our check.
Actually, it was my fault. I had changed jobs
and didnt ask my employer to withhold
enough money from my paychecks. Im just
glad we found and corrected the mistake
before we got penalized.

Mi nm, v ti tp hp tt c cc
cung (ha n) tr tin ca chng ti v
cc bo co ph tn v chun b in
cc mu n thu ca chng ti. C y c
gng hon thnh chng vo thng ba,
trc thi hn 15 thng 4. l mt qu
trnh tn thi gian. C nhiu bin lai
tm kim, h s t chc, v cc mu n
in. Khi chng ti ln u tin kt hn,
chng ti np li nhun ring. Nhng
by gi c y nh du ti l ngi phi
ngu ca c y v np li nhun lin
doanh. N tit kim cho chng ti tin bc
v tit kim cho ti thi gian!
V ti rt t ho v chnh xc ca
c y. Chnh ph khng bao gi gi cc
mu n tr li vi cc chnh sa. Trong
nhiu nm nay, chng ti nhn c
mt khon hon li. Nhng nm nay, c y
tnh ton cc con s (lp i lp li)
nhiu ln v tm thy chng ti khng
thanh ton cc khon thu trong sut c
nm. C khng mun thiu (tin) bt c
khon tin no. Cui cng, c y t b
v gi trong giy ghi tin ca chng ti.
Trn thc t, l li ca ti. Ti thay
i cng vic v khng i hi ch nhn
ca ti gi li tin t tin lng ca
ti. Ti ch vui v chng ti pht hin v sa
li trc khi chng ta b pht.

53

Lesson 25. Financial Statements

- financial statement (n) bn bo co ti chnh
- desire
(v) khao kht, mong mun + vo
(n)
desirable (a)
- detail
(v) lit k
(n) chi tit in detail
detailed
(a)
- forecast (v) d bo
- level (n) mc
- overall (a) chung, ton din
- perspective (n) quan im
- project
(n) d n
(v) d tnh = estimate
projection (n)
- realistic (a) thc t
realize
(v)
reality(n)
- target
(v)
(n) mc ch = goal
- translation (n) vic dch thut
translate
(v)
translatable (a)
- typically (adv) mt cch in hnh
type
(n)
typical
(a)
- yield
(n) li sut
(v) sinh li

54

A business budget focuses on future

profits and future capital requirements. A
budget can help the business owner
determine the amount of profit the business is
expected to make, the amount of sales it will
take to reach a goal, and what level of
expenses are attached to those sales. A
business establishes a target, a goal to work
toward. A business forecasts the sales that
will be needed to reach this target.

Projecting or planning ahead is part of

overall business planning. When creating a
projected income statement, a business
owner tries to determine how to reach the
desired target. The annual profit must be
sufficient to yield the owner a return for his or
her time spent operating the business, plus a
return on the investment. The owners target
income in the sum of a reasonable salary for
the time spent running the business and a
normal return on the amount invested in the
firm.

After projecting the income needed, the

business owner has to translate the target
profit into a net sales figure for the forecasted
period. The owner has to determine whether
this sales volume is realistic. One useful
technique is to break down the required
annual sales into a daily sales figure to get a
better perspective of the sales required to
yield the annual profit.

At this stage in the financial plan, the

owner should create a detailed picture of the
firms expected operating expenses. Many
books and business organizations give typical
operating statistics data, based on a
percentage of net sales. The businesss
accountant can help you assign dollar values
to anticipated expenses.

Ngn sch kinh doanh tp trung vo

li nhun tng lai v cc yu cu v vn
tng lai. Mt ngn sch c th gip ch
doanh nghip xc nh s tin li nhun m
doanh nghip trng i thc hin, s
lng bn m n s lm t c mt
mc tiu, v mc ca cc chi ph no
c gn lin vi nhng doanh s . Mt
doanh nghip thit lp mt mc tiu, mt mc
ch lm vic hng ti. Mt doanh
nghip d bo doanh s bn hng m c
cn t c mc tiu ny.
Vic d tnh hoc vic lp k hoch
trc l mt phn ca k hoch kinh doanh
tng th. Khi to ra mt bo co thu nhp
c d tnh, mt ch doanh nghip c gng
xc nh lm th no t c mc tiu
c mong mun. Li nhun hng nm phi
sinh li cho ch s hu li nhun cho
thi gian dnh cho vic vn hnh doanh
nghip, cng vi mt li nhun trn vic u
t. Thu nhp mc tiu ca ch s hu trong
tng ca mt mc lng hp l cho thi gian
dnh cho vic vn hnh kinh doanh v mt li
nhun bnh thng trn s tin c u t
trong cng ty.
Sau khi d tnh ngun thu c cn,
cc ch doanh nghip phi chuyn li nhun
mc tiu thnh mt con s doanh thu thun
cho giai on c d bo. Ch s hu phi
xc nh xem c khi lng bn hng ny l
thc t hay khng. Mt k thut hu ch l
ph v cc doanh s hng nm c yu
cu vo mt con s doanh thu hng ngy
c c mt quan im tt hn v doanh s
c i hi mang li li nhun hng
nm.
giai on ny trong k hoch ti
chnh, ch s hu nn to ra mt bc tranh
chi tit v cc ph tn hot ng c d kin
ca cng ty. Nhiu cun sch v cc t chc
kinh doanh cung cp d liu thng k vn
hnh in hnh, da trn mt t l phn trm
ca doanh thu thun. K ton vin ca doanh
nghip c th gip bn phn b gi tr ng

55

Developing
a
projected
income
statement is an important part of any financial
plan, as the process forces the business
owner to examine the firms future
profitability.

la vo cc ph tn d tnh.
Xy dng bo co thu nhp d kin l
mt phn quan trng ca bt k k hoch ti
chnh no, nh l qu trnh bt buc cc ch
doanh nghip kim tra kh nng sinh li
trong tng lai ca cng ty.

56

Lesson 26. Property and Departments

- adjacent to (a) k bn = next to
adjacency to (n) s k bn
- collaboration (n) s cng tc
collaborate
(v)
collaborative
(a)
- concentrate on (v) ch trng vo = focus on
concentration
(n)
concentrated
(a)
- be conducive to + vo (a) th ng gp
- disruption (n) s gin on = interruption
disrupt
(v)
disruptive (a)
- disturbance (n) s quy ry
- strike (n) cuc nh cng
- hamber (v) can thip = interfere
- inconsiderately (adv) mt cch thiu cn nhc
inconsiderate
(v)
inconsiderateness (n)
- irrelevant (a) khng thch hp
- lobby (n) snh
- move up (v) pht trin
- open to (v) tip xc
- opt (v) la chn
option(n)
optional
(a)
- scrutiny (n) s kim tra k lng
scrutinize (v)
inscrutable (a)

57

The layout of any office has an

important influence on the atmosphere and
operations in the company. The shipping
department most likely will not be located
next to the customer service department.
The noise would be too disruptive.
Likewise, locating a kitchen adjacent to
the lobby would be inconsiderate for office
visitors and clients. The marketing
department is open situated (=is located)
close to the sales department due to their
necessary collaboration.
Employee productivity may be
hampered or improved by the arrangement
of workers and departments. Employees vie
for corner offices as they move up the
corporate ladder. They want to be
accessible to top management, but not so
close that every thing that they do is
scrutinized. At the same time, many
companies are opting for open work space
versus traditional offices. Open spaces are
more conducive to team projects, where
employees interact freely. However, some
employees feel that such an environment
makes it difficult to concentrate. Employees
know under which condition they work the
best. If employers are willing to listen and
are open to suggestions, they can take
advantage of office space and help
employees to realize their full potential.

Cch b tr ca bt k vn phng
no u c mt nh hng quan trng trn
bu khng kh v cc hot ng trong cng
ty. B phn vn chuyn rt c th s khng
c t k bn b phn dch v khch
hng. Ting n s l qu gy ri. Tng t
nh vy, vic t mt bp lin k vi snh
s thiu cn nhc cho khch tham quan vn
phng v khch hng. B phn tip th
c t gn vi b phn bn hng do s
hp tc cn thit ca h.
Nng sut lao ng nhn vin c th
b can thip hoc c ci thin bi s sp
xp ca ngi lao ng v cc phng ban.
Nhn vin tranh ginh gc vn phng khi
h pht trin nc thang (ngh nghip)
cng ty. H mun c th truy cp vo tp
qun l hng u, nhng khng qu gn
mi iu m h lm c xem xt k
lng. ng thi, nhiu cng ty ang la
chn cho khng gian lm vic m thay v
cc vn phng truyn thng. Khng gian
m c li hn cho cc d n nhm, ni
cc nhn vin tng tc mt cch t do.
Tuy nhin, mt s nhn vin cm thy rng
mt mi trng nh vy lm cho kh
khn tp trung. Nhn vin bit di iu
kin no m h lm vic tt nht. Nu
ngi s dng lao ng sn sng lng
nghe v tip nhn nhng gi , h c th
tn dng li th ca khng gian vn
phng v gip nhn vin nhn ra tim nng
y ca h.

58

Lesson 27. Board Meetings and Committees

- board meeting (n) cuc hp hi ng qun tr
- committee (n) y ban
- adhere to (v) ch n = pay attention to
adherence (n)
- agenda (n) lch trnh
- bring up (v) gii thiu (1 ch )
- controversial issue (n) vn ang tranh ci
- conclude (v) kt thc, kt lun
conclusion (n)
conclusive (a)
- go ahead (v) tip tc thc hin
- proceed (v) xc tin = expedite
(n) thng hin = brand
- goal (n) mc ch = objective = purpose
- lengthy (a) di dng
lengthen
(v)
length(n)
prolong
(v) ko di
- matter (n) vn = issue = problem
- periodically (adv) mt cch nh k
period
(n)
periodic
(a)
periodical (n) k bo
- take priority over (v) u tin
prior
(a)
priority
(n)
prioritize
(v)
- progress (n) s tin b in progress
- waste
(n, v) lng ph
(a) b trng, b khng
wasteful (a) lng ph

59

Committee meetings are a frequent

and necessary event at almost company. In
order for meetings to be productive and not
viewed as a waste of time, they should be
run efficiently. Critical to the success of any
meeting is the agenda. Everyone who
attends the meeting should be aware of the
agenda and be prepared to discuss the
matters at hand and the goals to be
accomplished. To avoid lengthy discussions,
time frames should be set and adhered.

The meeting is called to order by the

chairperson. Attendance is taken and
agenda items are brought up one by one. In
general, priority topics should be at the
beginning of the agenda, to make sure that
the attendees are able to discuss them fully
and make timely decisions. Once the go
ahead is given for a plan or project, a plan
of action is developed. The committee
must then periodically check up on the
progress of that plan. The meeting is
concluded without any outstanding issues
and a date for the next meeting is set.

Hp HQT l mt s kin thng

xuyn v cn thit hu ht cng ty.
cho cuc hp hu ch v khng c xem
l mt s lng ph thi gian, chng cn
c tin hnh mt cch hiu qu. Quan
trng i vi s thnh cng ca bt k cuc
hp l chng trnh ngh s. Tt c nhng
ngi tham d cuc hp cn phi nhn
thc c chng trnh ngh s v c
chun b tho lun cc vn trc
mt v cc mc tiu cn c hon thnh.
trnh cc cuc tho lun di dng,
khung thi gian phi c thit lp v c
tun th.
Cuc hp c triu tp theo lnh
bi ch tch. Vic tham d c tin hnh
v cc mc chng trnh ngh s c gii
thiu tng mc mt. Nhn chung, cc ch
u tin nn u chng trnh ngh s,
m bo rng nhng ngi tham d c
th tho lun chng y v a ra quyt
nh kp thi. Mt khi s tip tc thc hin
c a ra cho mt k hoch hoc d n,
mt k hoch hnh ng c pht trin.
y ban phi kim tra mt cch nh k v
tin ca k hoch . Cuc hp c
kt thc m khng c bt k vn ni bt
v mt ngy cho cuc hp tip theo c
thit lp.

60

Lesson 28. Quality control

- brand (n) thng hiu = label = trademark
- conform to st (v) tun th ci g
- defect
(n) li (dng cho sn phm)
(v)
defective (a)
- enhance (v) tng cng, nng cao
- garment (n) hng may mc
- inspect (v) thanh tra thouroughly inspect: thanh tra mt cch k lng
inspection (n) strict/ stringent inspection: cuc thanh tra nghim ngt
inspector (n)
- perceive (v)
perceptive (a) thu hiu
perception (n)
- repel (v) ui xa, trnh khi
repellent
(n)
(a)
- take back (v) tr li = return
- throw out st (v) vt b, thi b ci g = dispose
- dispose (v)
disposable (a) dng 1 ln ri b
disposal
(n) s thi b
- uniformly (adv) mt cch ng b
uniform
(n)
(a)
- wrinkle
(n) np nhn
(v) nhn
wrinkled (a)

61

Alex is excited about his new job

with Parapluie Rain Wear. As quality control
manager, his job is to make sure that his
companys goods conform to standardized
quality criteria and are free from defects.
Before any garment leaves the factory, Alex
must inspect it. He knows that if he throw
out a damaged garment before a customer
sees it, he will enhance his companys
reputation and increase the demand for
their products meet certain criteria: A
customer who buys a raincoat that does not
repel rain will probably take back the
raincoat to the store and buy another brand.
The same is true if the seams are not
sewn tightly or the color is not uniform. Alex
knows that, in addition to keeping out rain,
the product must be attractive to look at and
to touch. It should not wrinkle easily, and it
should last a long time. Alex knows that it is
important for customers to perceive his
companys goods as quality products so
that his company will profit and he can
get a raise.

Alex th ho hng v cng vic mi

ca anh y vi Thi trang Ma Parapluie.
L ngi qun l kim sot cht lng,
cng vic ca anh ta l m bo rng
hng ha ca cng ty ca anh ta tun th
vi tiu ch cht lng c chun ha v
khng c cc li. Trc khi bt k hng
may mc no ri khi nh my, Alex phi
kim tra n. Anh ta bit rng nu anh ta
nm ra mt hng may mc b h hng
trc khi mt khch hng nhn thy n, anh
ta s nng cao danh ting ca cng ty ca
anh ta v lm tng nhu cu i vi sn
phm ca h p ng nhng tiu ch nht
nh: Mt khch hng mua mt chic o
ma m khng trnh khi cn ma s c
th s tr li chic o ma cho ca hng v
mua mt thng hiu khc. iu ny cng
ng nu cc ng may khng c
khu cht hoc mu sc khng ng u.
Alex bit rng, ngoi vic gi khi ma,
sn phm phi hp dn nhn v chm
vo. N khng nn nhn mt cch d dng,
v n nn tn ti mt thi gian di. Alex
bit rng quan trng cho cc khch hng
thu hiu hng ha ca cng ty ca anh ta
l cc sn phm cht lng cng ty ca
ng s c li nhun - v anh ta c th
c mt khon tng lng.

62

Lesson 29. Product Development

- anxious (a) lo lng = worried = apprehensive
anxiety
(n)
anxiously (adv)
- ascertain (v) pht hin
- assume (v) cho l, nhn
assumption (n)
assumed (a)
assume/take the responsibilities: nhn trch nhim
- decade (n) thp nin
- examine (v) kim tra
- scrutinize (v) kim tra k lng
- experiment (n) th nghim
experimentation (n)
experimental
(a)
- logical (a) hp l
logic
(n)
logically
(adv)
- valid (a) hp l, c gi tr, c hiu lc
- research (v, n) nghin cu
- responsibility (n) trch nhim
responsible (a) be ~ for = be liable for: chu trch nhim cho
responsibly (adv)
- solve (v) gii quyt
solution (n) gii php
- supervisor (n) ngi gim st
supervise (v)
supervision (n)
- systematically (adv) mt cch h thng

63

Michael was worried about his

promotion. He neednt have been anxious
through. He had worked in the Product
Development Division for nine and a half
years, almost a decade . He knew the
department inside out. Now, however, he
would be the director. As a member of the
department, he had only to do what his
supervisor told him. As the director, he
would be the person responsible for the
success of his department. Fears are not
always logical; in fact, they are often
illogical.
As his first task, he decide to conduct
a systematic analysis of the steps required
to develop new products and to organize
the tasks into a logical order. The first step
in developing new products would be to
ascertain what kind of products the market
needed and what problems existed with the
products currently being used.
The second task would be to find out
how best to examine these problems and
determine what kind of research would be
needed to solve the problems. It would be
better to say, reexamine these problems,
since most of these unsolved problems had
been thoroughly researched over the
years.
The third task would be to look at the
quality
and
characteristics
of
the
competitions products. By examining the
competitions products, he would know
where he should improve. And the final task
would be to decide how to gather the most
substantial information from the fewest
number of experiments. Michael smiled and
sat back to read over his list. Confident that
he had a good team and a good plan, he felt
ready to assume his new job.

Michael rt lo lng v vic xc tin

ca anh ta. Anh ta khng cn phi lo lng.
Anh ta lm vic trong b phn pht trin
sn phm trong 9,5 nm, gn mt thp k.
Anh ta bit cc b phn t trong ra ngoi.
By gi, tuy nhin, anh s lm gim c. L
mt thnh vin ca b phn, anh ta ch phi
lm nhng g m ngi gim st ca anh ta
ni vi anh ta. L gim c, anh ta s l
ngi chu trch nhim cho s thnh
cng ca b phn ca anh ta. Nhng kinh
s khng phi lc no cng hp l; trong
thc t, chng thng l v l.
Nh l nhim v u tin ca anh ta,
anh ta quyt nh tin hnh mt phn tch
c h thng cc bc c i hi pht
trin sn phm mi v t chc cc nhim
v vo mt trt t hp l. Bc u tin
trong vic pht trin sn phm mi s l
pht hin nhng loi sn phm m th
trng cn v nhng vn tn ti vi cc
sn phm hin ang c s dng.
Nhim v th hai s l tm ra cch
tt nht kim tra cc vn ny v xc
nh nhng loi nghin cu no s l cn
thit gii quyt cc vn . S tt hn
ni, ti kim tra nhng vn ny, v hu
ht nhng vn cha c gii quyt ny
c nghin cu mt cch k lng
theo thi gian.
Nhim v th ba s l nhn cht
lng v c im ca cc sn phm ca
i th cnh tranh. Bng cch kim tra
cc sn phm ca i th cnh tranh, anh
ta s bit ni m anh ta nn ci thin. V
nhim v cui cng s l quyt nh
cch no thu thp cc thng tin quan
trng nht t s th nghim t nht. Michael
mm ci v ngi li c qua danh
sch ca anh ta. T tin rng anh ta c
mt i tt v mt k hoch tt, anh ta cm
thy sn sng m nhn cng vic mi.

64

65

Lesson 30. Renting and Leasing

- rent (v) thu ( )
- lease
(v) thu ( kinh doanh)
(n) hp ng thu
- apprehend (v)
apprehensive
(a) lo lng = worried = anxious be ~ about
apprehension
(n)
- circumstance (n) tnh hung, hon cnh under any ~: di bt k tnh hung no
circumstantial
(a)
circumstantially (adv)
- condition (n) iu kin
(v)
conditional (a)
- minor (a) nh ~ error: li nh
- due to = because of = owing to (prep) bi v
- fluctuate (v) bin ng
fluctuation (n)
fluctuating (g)
- go ups and downs: tng ln gim xung, thng trm
- get out of (v) thot khi = escape from
- indicator (n) du hiu = sign; signal (n) tn hiu
indicate
(v)
indication (n)
- lock into (v) cam kt vo = commit to (v) 1. cam kt vo
2. ng gp vo = contribute to
- occupy (v) chim gi
occupant (n)
occupancy (n)
- option (n) la chn
- alternative (n) phng n thay th
- be subject to: phi chu, chp nhn
- approval (n)
1. s tn thnh
2. s ng

66

Starting a new business in both an

exciting and frightening undertaking. Most
new business owners are apprehensive
about their ability to make all the decisions
that arise during the course of opening a
business. One of the first issues that will
arise is whether to buy or lease property. In
order to evaluate the options, business
owners research the current real estate
market. Occupancy rates are a good
indicator of the overall business climate.
Princes per square foot will increase as the
occupancy rate increase.
Economic change is part of the
business climate. There are often large
fluctuations in prices within a given city.
These fluctuations are due to many factors
like the condition of the building, access to
public
transportation,
and
business
projections for the area.
Because
there
is
so
much
uncertainty in starting a business, many
owners do not want to lock into themselves
long-term lease. Many negotiate clauses in
their contracts to get out of a lease under
certain circumstances. They want to insure
the prices conditions of a property before
making a large commitment. Lease often
provide more flexibility than buying a
property. They like to leave their options
open. They dont like to be subject to the
whims of the marketplace.

Bt u t mt doanh nghip mi
trong mt cng vic (kinh doanh) ln th
v v ng s. Hu ht cc ch doanh
nghip mi e ngi v kh nng ca h
ra tt c cc quyt nh pht sinh trong qu
trnh m mt doanh nghip. Mt trong
nhng vn u tin m s ny sinh l
liu c nn mua hay thu ti sn. nh
gi cc la chn, cc ch doanh nghip
nghin cu th trng bt ng sn hin
nay. T l chim gi l mt du hiu tt v
mi trng kinh doanh tng th. Gi mi
foot vung s tng khi t l chim gi tng.
Thay i kinh t l mt phn ca mi
trng kinh doanh. Thng c nhng bin
ng ln v gi trong mt thnh ph c
a ra. Nhng bin ng ny l do nhiu
yu t nh iu kin ca ta nh, tip cn
vi giao thng cng cng, v nhng d bo
kinh doanh cho khu vc ny.
Bi v c qu nhiu s khng chc
chn trong vic bt u mt doanh nghip,
nhiu ch s hu khng mun t cam kt
vo hp ng thu di hn. Nhiu iu
khon thng lng trong hp ng ca
h thot khi mt hp ng thu di
nhng hon cnh nht nh. H mun m
bo cc iu kin gi ca mt ti sn trc
khi a ra mt cam kt ln. Cho thu
thng cung cp s linh hot hn so vi
vic mua mt ti sn. H mun li s la
chn m. H khng thch phi chu s thay
i bt cht ca th trng.

67

Lesson 31. Selecting a Restaurant

- appeal (to)

(v) thu ht, li cun = attract

(n)
(a)

appealing
- arrive (v) n
- destination (n) im n
- compromise (n) tha hip
- daringly (adv) mt cch can m
daring
(a)
dare
(v)
- be familiar with: quen thuc vi
familiarize sb wth st: lm ai quen thuc vi ci g
- guide
(v) hng dn
(n) sch hng dn
guidance (n)
guidable
(a)
- majority (n) phn ln
- mix (v) trn ln
mixture
(n)
mixable
(a)
- rely on (v) da vo = depend on = be based on
reliability
(n) s ng tin cy
reliable
(a) ng tin cy
- secure
(v) t c = obtain
(a) an ton
- get/in possession of: s hu
- subjective (a) ch quan objective (a) khch quan
(n) mc tiu
- suggestion (n) li khuyn, ngh
suggest
(v)
suggestible (a)
- proposal (n) li xut

68

When Atul is trying to impress

business contacts who are potential new
clients, he takes them to the best restaurant
in town. He hopes this will help secure a
new contract for his telecommunications
business.
Its hard to determine which
restaurants are best. Atul relies on
newspaper and magazine reviews. He
also asks his friends and colleagues for
guidance. They are happy to make a
suggestion.
Food tastes are subjective. Although
Atul likes to be daring and take risks, he
knows that the food should appeal to a
variety of palates. He wants the majority of
his guests to be happy. He usually decides
to compromise on a restaurant that offers a
menu with a mix of familiar standards and
some exciting specials.
When he calls to book the table, he
tells the person taking the reservation what
time his party will arrive and the number of
people he needs seating for.

Khi Atul ang c gng gy n

tng vi cc i tc kinh doanh m ngi
l cc khch hng tim nng mi, anh ta
a h n nh hng tt nht trong th trn.
Anh ta hy vng iu ny s gip m bo
mt hp ng mi cho doanh nghip vin
thng ca anh ta.
Tht kh xc nh nh hng no l
tt nht. Atul da trn cc bi nh gi
trn bo v tp ch. Anh ta cng yu cu
bn b v ng nghip ca anh ta cho s
hng dn. H rt vui khi c thc hin
mt ngh.
Mi v thc n th ch quan. Mc d
Atul thch can m v chp nhn ri ro,
anh ta bit rng thc n nn hp dn vi
nhiu khu v. Anh ta mun a s cc
khch hng ca mnh c hnh phc. Anh
ta thng quyt nh tha hip v mt
nh hng m cung cp mt thc n vi
mt s kt hp ca cc tiu chun quen
thuc v mt s mn th v.
Khi anh ta gi t bn, anh ta ni
vi ngi ang nhn s t trc thi gian
no m bn hp hng ca anh ta s n v
s lng ngi anh ta cn sp ch cho.

69

Lesson 32. Eating out

- basic (a) c bn
basis (n) nguyn tc, nn tng
- complete (a, v) hon tt
completion (n)
completely (adv)
- excite (v) gy hng th
excitement (n)
excited
(a)
be ~ about
- arouse (v) kch thch
- flavor
(n) hng, mi v
(v)
flavorful
(a)
- forget (v) qun
forgetful
(a)
forgettable (a)
- ingredient (n) thnh phn
- judge
(v) nh gi, phn xt
(n) ban gim kho, quan ta
- patron (n) khch hng thn thit
- predict (v) d on
prediction (n)
predictably (adv)
- randomly (adv) mt cch ngu nhin
- remind (v) nhc nh
remind sb to vo

70

The key to a happy meal is that

everyone should enjoy eating what they
ordered. Before the waiter takes your order,
you can ask him for a recommendation or
you can select randomly from the menu.

Good service is part of the overall

enjoyment of the meal. The waiter should
make the patrons feel welcome and
comfortable. Good waiters can predict what
you need, like more water, without having to
be asked for it. Its easy for a waiter to
forget something, but you should not have
to remind a waiter more than once to bring
you something. Nor do you want the waiter
to mix up the food orders. You should get
what you ordered, and your order should be
complete.

The quality of the food is the primary

way restaurant are judged. The food should
taste and look wonderful. Your plate of
food should excite all your senses and be
fragrant and colorful. Even the most basic
or familiar dishes can taste different from
restaurant to restaurant. A chef can bring
out a distinct flavor in a dish, depending on
the ingredients he or she uses.

Cha kha mt ba n hnh phc

l mi ngi nn thng thc vic n
nhng g m h t. Trc khi ngi bi
bn nhn n hng ca bn, bn c th
yu cu anh ta cho mt li ngh hoc
bn c th chn mt cch ngu nhin t
menu.
Dch v tt l mt phn ca s
thng thc tng th ca ba n. Ngi
phc v nn lm cho khch hng thn thit
cm thy c cho n v thoi mi.
Ngi phc v tt c th d on nhng g
bn cn, ging nh thm nc, m khng
cn phi c yu cu n. Tht d dng
cho mt ngi phc v qun mt ci g
, nhng bn khng nn phi nhc nh
mt ngi phc v hn mt ln mang li
cho bn mt ci g . Bn cng khng
mun ngi phc v nhm ln cc n t
hng thc phm. Bn nn nhn nhng g
m bn t, v n hng ca bn cn
c hon tt.
Cht lng ca thc phm l cch
c bn m nh hng c nh gi. Thc
phm nn c hng v v nhn tuyt vi.
a thc n ca bn nn kch thch tt c
cc gic quan ca bn v c mi thm v
y mu sc. Ngay c cc mn n c bn
nht hoc quen thuc c th c hng v
khc nhau t nh hng ny n nh hng
khc. Mt u bp c th mang li mt
hng v ring bit trong mt mn n, ty
thuc vo cc thnh phn m ngi s
dng.

71

Lesson 33. Odering Lunch

- burden

(n) gnh nng

(v)
burdensome (a)
- commonly (adv) thng thng
common
(a)
in common (n)
- delivery (n) vic giao hng = dispatch

(n)
(v)

deliver (v)
- convey (v) truyn ti
- elegance (n) thanh lch, trang nh
- fall to (v) ri vo trch nhim ca ai
- impress (v) gy n tng
impression
(n)
impressionable
(a)
- individual (n) c nhn
individualize(v)
individually (adv)
- list (n) danh sch
(v) lit k
- multiple (a) nhiu, a
- keep track of (v) theo di
- narrow down (v) gii hn li = limit = restrict
- pick up (v) ly ci g , n ai
- freight (n) hng ha c chuyn ch trn my bay, tu
- settle (v) dn xp, tr tin
- debate (n) cuc tranh lun
- dispute (n) cuc tranh ci

72

As the office manager, it usually falls

to Lucia to order the food for a working
lunch or an office party. Lucia finds ordering
food for a working lunch to be especially
burdensome. First, in order to avoid placing
multiple small orders from different food
establishments, she must narrow down the
choices to one kind of food. The most
common choices are sandwiches and
individual pizzas.

Once she has settled on a good

choice, she calls a restaurant or other food
service on her approved list. Usually she
needs the food delivered so she does not
have to leave the office and pick up the
order herself.
In case of a more formal lunch,
where her boss is trying to impress new
clients, for example, Lucia will call a
catering service that can provide a more
elegant meal.

L ngi qun l vn phng, n

thng ri vo trch nhim ca Lucia
t mua thc phm cho mt ba tra lm
vic hoc mt ba tic vn phng. Lucia
nhn thy vic t hng thc phm cho mt
ba n tra lm vic l gnh nng c bit
nng n. u tin, trnh t nhiu n
t hng nh t cc cng ty dch v thc
phm khc nhau, c ta phi thu hp cc la
chn cn mt loi thc phm. Cc la chn
ph bin nht l bnh m v bnh pizza c
nhn.
Mt khi c ta dn xp trn mt la
chn tt, c y gi mt nh hng hay dch
v thc phm khc trong danh sch
c ph duyt ca c ta. Thng thng
c y cn cc thc phm c cung cp v
vy c ta khng phi ri khi vn phng v
t nhn cc n hng.
Trong trng hp ca mt ba n
tra trang trng hn, ni m ng ch ca
c ta ang c gng gy n tng vi
khch hng mi, v d, Lucia s gi mt
dch v n ung ci m c th cung cp
mt ba n thanh lch hn.

73

Lesson 34. Cooking as a Career

- accustom to = become familiar with = become used to +v_ing: quen vi
accustomed to
(v)
custom
(n)
- apprentice (n) ngi hc vic
(v)
apprenticeship (n)
- culinary (a) vic nu nng
- demand (v) yu cu, i hi
(n)
demanding (a)
product in demand: sn phm c nhu cu
people in need: ngi cn gip
- draw (v) thu ht, li ko
- incorporate (v) kt hp, thm vo
incorporation
(n)
incorporating
(g)
- influx (n) dng ngi, dng chy
- method (n) phng php
methodology
(n)
methodical
(a)
- procedure (n) th tc
- outlet (n) i phun, ch thot nc
- profession (n) ngh nghip = occupation (i hi c o to bi bn, di hn)
professional
(a)
professionally
(adv)
- job (n) cng vic bnh thng
- relinquish (v) u hng
- theme (n) ch

74

When people start thinking about

careers, they may be looking for an outlet
for their creativity. Many people are drawn
to cooking as a career and see it as a
profession, not merely a trade. The
restaurant business is demanding and
needs a constant influx of new talent.
Chefs incorporate ingredients and
methods of cooking from around the world
into successful menus. Most chefs offer
meals that are variations on standard
themes. They will try to stretch their patrons
range of food tastes by taking food that still
recognized as traditional and infuse it with
something new, like a rare spice or
seasoning. People accustomed to certain
tastes and textures arent going to relinquish
their preferences immediately.

Chefs attend culinary school or train

in restaurants with experienced chefs, in an
apprenticeship. For those of you who like
hands-on creativity, being a chef might be a
good choice.

Khi mi ngi bt u ngh v s

nghip, h c th tm kim mt li thot cho
s sng to ca h. Nhiu ngi b li ko
vi vic nu n nh mt cng vic v xem
n nh l mt ngh nghip, khng ch n
thun l mt ngnh thng mi. Kinh doanh
nh hng ang i hi v cn mt dng lin
tc ti nng mi.
u bp kt hp cc thnh phn v
cc phng php nu n t khp ni trn
th gii vo cc menu thnh cng. Hu ht
cc u bp cung cp cc ba n c
bin tu trn cc ch tiu chun. H s
c gng m rng khu v thc phm ca
cc khch hng thn thit ca h bng cch
ly thc n m vn c cng nhn nh
truyn thng v truyn n vi mt ci g
mi, nh mt gia v qu him hoc gia v
theo ma. Ngi quen vi nhng khu v
v kt cu nht nh s khng t b s
thch ca h ngay lp tc.
u bp tham d trng nu nng
hoc hun luyn trong cc nh hng vi
cc u bp c kinh nghim, trong mt
thi gian hc ngh. Vi nhng ngi trong
s cc bn nhng ngi m thch s sng
to thc t, l mt u bp c th l mt
la chn tt.

75

Lesson 35. Events

- assist (v) h tr = help = support = aid
assistance (n)
assistant
(n)
- coordinate (v) kt hp
coordination(n)
coordinator (n)
- dimension (n) quy m, kch c
- exact (a) chnh xc
- general (a) chung in ~: nhn chung
generally (adv)
generalize (v)
- ideally (adv) mt cch l tng
ideal
(a)
idealize
(v)
- lead time (n) thi gian t lc bt u n lc kt thc
- initial (a) ban u
- plan (v) ln k hoch + to vo
(n) k hoch
planner (n)
- proximity (n) trng thi gn
- regulate (v) kim sot = control
regulation (n)
regulatory (a)
- site (n) ni chn, a im
- stage
(n)
1. sn khu
2. giai on
(v) trnh din

76

Planning an event is not simple.

There are hundreds of details that have to
be coordinated, whether it is a wedding or a
business conference. Early in the planning
process, you need to decide on the site. If
you know where you want to stage the
event, you should contact the site
representative for an exact description of
the facility. The staff will provide you with
information about room dimensions; food
and beverage arrangements, including
whether there are local regulations or
restrictions
for
serving
alcoholic
beverages; and required lead time for
reserving the site.
If you decide that the first site is not
ideally suited for your specific requirements,
a guidebook will assist you in finding an
alternative setting. In considering location,
you should also think about its proximity to
public transportation.
With a general idea of how many
people will attend, and how much money
you can spend, you can narrow down the
available sites to the ones that best
accommodate the needs of your group.

Ln k hoch mt s kin khng phi

l n gin. C hng trm chi tit m phi
c phi hp, cho d l mt m ci
hay mt cuc hp kinh doanh. Trc ht
trong qu trnh lp k hoch, bn cn phi
quyt nh a im. Nu bn bit ni bn
mun n trnh din s kin, bn nn
lin h ngi i din ni cho mt m t
chnh xc ca c s vt cht. Cc nhn
vin s cung cp cho bn vi thng tin v
kch thc phng; nhng thu xp thc
phm v ung, bao gm c vic c
nhng quy nh a phng hoc cc hn
ch cho vic phc v ung c cn; v
khong thi gian t chc c yu cu cho
vic t trc a im.
Nu bn quyt nh rng ni u tin
khng ph hp mt cch l tng cho cc
yu cu c th ca bn, mt cun sch
hng dn s h tr bn trong vic tm
kim mt mi trng thay th. Trong vic
xem xt v tr, bn cng nn suy ngh v s
gn gi ca n vi giao thng cng cng.
Vi mt tng chung ca bao nhiu
ngi s tham d, v bao nhiu tin bn c
th chi tiu, bn c th thu hp cc a
im c sn cn nhng ni m p ng
tt nht nhng nhu cu ca hm ca bn.

77

Lesson 36. General Travel

- agent (n) ngi i din = representative
agency (n) i l
- announcement (n) thng bo = notification
announce (v)
announcer (n)
- beverage (n) thc ung
- flight attendant (n) tip vin hng khng
- blanket (n) mn
- board
(v) ln phng tin giao thng
(n)
onboard (a)
- pass (n) th thng hnh
- claim
(v) ly, i
(n)
claimant (n)
- delay
(v) tr hon = postpone; postpone/last until: tr hon/ko di n lc
(n)
- depart (v) khi hnh
departure (n)
departed
(a)
- embarkation (n) qu trnh chun b ln tu hay my bay
- itinerary (n) k hoch cho chuyn hnh trnh
- proposed (a) c xut
- prohibit sb from (v) cm ai khng c sb be prohibited from
- valid (a) c gi tr, c hiu lc
validate
(v)
validation (n)

78

When Ms. Tan has to go on

business travel, she calls her favorite
travel agent. He reminds her to make sure
that she takes a valid passport on her trip.
Once her reservations have been made and
confirmed, the travel agent will issue a ticket
and an itinerary. Before leaving for the
airport, she calls the airline to check if the
flight is on time and has not been delayed.

At the airport, after checking in her

suitcase at the check in counter, since
she is prohibited from taking more than one
piece of carry-on luggage onto the plane,
Ms. Tan receives her embarkation card. She
will present this at the gate when it is time
to broad her flight. She is told to be at the
gate 15 minutes before the flight is to
depart. During the flight, the attendant may
offer her a beverage, and she can even
request a blanket if she cold. The captain
will make announcements during the flight
to let the passengers know at what altitude
they are flying, and when they may expect
to arrive at their destination.
Once the flight has landed, Ms. Tan
disembarks and must go through customs
after she claims her baggage. After this, she
will take a cab to the hotel where is staying,
so she can rest and prepare for her meeting
the next day. She will also reconfirm her
return flight a day or two before she leaves
to return home.

Khi b Tan phi i du lch v kinh

doanh, b y gi i din du lch yu
thch ca b y. ng ta nhc nh b
chc chn rng b c mt h chiu hp l
trn chuyn i ca b y. Mt khi vic t
phng trc ca b y c thc hin
v c xc nhn, cc i din du lch s
pht hnh mt v v mt k hoch cho
chuyn hnh trnh. Trc khi ri khi sn
bay, b y gi hng hng khng kim tra
xem cc chuyn bay ng gi v khng b
tr hon.
Ti sn bay, sau khi kim tra trong ti
xch ca b y ti quy check - in, k t
khi b ta b cm khng c mang nhiu
hn mt mnh ca hnh l xch tay ln
my bay, b Tan nhn th chun b ln my
bay ca b y. B y s xut trnh th ny
ti ca khi ti thi gian ln chuyn bay
ca b ta. B ta c ni cng 15 pht
trc khi chuyn bay khi hnh. Trong sut
chuyn bay, tip vin c th cung cp cho
cho b ta mt thc ung, v b y thm ch
c th yu cu mt tm chn nu b ta
lnh. i trng s ra cc thng bo trong
chuyn bay cho cc hnh khch bit
ti cao no m h ang bay, v khi no
h c th i n im n ca h.
Mt khi chuyn bay h cnh, b
Tan xung my bay v phi i qua hi
quan sau khi b y ly hnh l ca b. Sau
ny, b ta n mt chic taxi n khch
sn ni ang gi ch, v vy b ta c th
ngh ngi v chun b cho cuc hp ca b
ta vo ngy hm sau. B ta cng s xc
nhn li chuyn bay tr v ca b ta mt
hoc hai ngy trc khi b ta ri i tr
v nh.

79

Lesson 37. Airlines

- deal with (v) gii quyt = solve = resolve = handle = contend with = cope with
- destination (n) im n
- distinguish (v) lm ni bt
distinguishable
(a)
distinguishably
(adv)
- economize (v) tit kim
economical
(a)
economically
(adv)
- be equivalent to = be equal to: bng vi, tng ng vi
- excursion (n) chuyn du ngon
- expense (n) ph tn
expensive (a)
expensively (adv)
- extend (v) 1. m rng
2. ko di
3. gi n
extent
(n)
extensive (a)
- prospective (a) tim nng ~ client: khch hng tim nng
prospect (n)
- situation (n) tnh hung, hon cnh
- substantially (adv) mt cch ng k, quan trng = significantly
substance (n)
substantial (a)
- system (n) h thng
- keep track of (v) theo di

80

If you travel, you most likely will

have to deal with flying. Flying is the
quickest, most convenient means of travel
between countries, and often between
different parts of one country. Flying is
expensive, but when all costs are taken
into account for traveling any substantial
distance, air travel is usually less expensive
than driving by car. It is also the most
economical way to go in terms of time.
Youll miss the scenery en route
(on way), but youll have more time at your
vacation destination with air travel.
Airlines sell seats at a variety of
prices under a system of requirements and
restrictions. Full-fare tickets are the most
expensive, but give you the most flexibility
in terms of making changes. A prospective
traveler can buy a ticket up to takeoff time
as long as a seat is available.
Fares change rapidly, and even travel
experts find it difficult to keep up. The
changing situation is due to many factors,
including increased competition. As a
general rule, the less you pay for the ticket,
the more restrictions you can expect. If you
are trying to save money, look for excursion
fares. These are the airlines equivalent of
the special sale. Most excursion fares are
for round-trip travel and have strict
regulations and a minimum and maximum
length of stay, so dont count on extending
your vacation or staying less time than
required. However, once you are on the
plane, you are not distinguishable from
passengers who paid higher fares.

Nu bn i du lch, bn rt c th s
phi x l vic bay. Bay l nhanh nht,
phng tin du lch thun tin nht gia
cc quc gia, v thng thng gia cc
phn khc nhau ca mt t nc. Bay th
tn km, nhng khi tt c cc chi ph c
xem xt cho vic du lch bt c khong
cch ng k, du lch hng khng thng
th t tn km hn so vi li xe bng xe hi.
cng l cch tit kim nht i v mt
thi gian. Bn s b l nhng phong cnh
trn ng, nhng bn s c thm thi
gian ti im n k ngh ca bn vi du
lch hng khng.
Cc hng hng khng bn gh ti
nhiu gi theo mt h thng cc yu cu v
nhng hn ch. V ph y l t tin
nht, nhng cung cp cho bn s linh hot
nhiu nht v mt thc hin cc thay i.
Mt khch du lch tim nng c th mua mt
v cho n thi im ct cnh min l
mt ch ngi c sn.
Gi v thay i nhanh chng, v thm
ch c chuyn gia du lch cm thy kh khn
theo kp. Tnh hnh ang thay i l do
nhiu yu t, bao gm c s cnh tranh gia
tng. Nh mt quy tc chung, bn cng t
tr tin v, bn c th mong i nhiu hn
ch hn. Nu bn ang c gng tit
kim tin, hy tm cc gi v du ngon.
Chng l s tng ng ca t h gi
c bit ca hng hng khng. Hu ht gi
v tham quan l cho chuyn i vng quanh
v c nhng quy nh nghim ngt v thi
gian li ti a v ti thiu, do ng tnh
chuyn ko di k ngh ca bn hoc li t
thi gian hn so vi yu cu. Tuy nhin,
mt khi bn ang trn my bay, bn
khng th phn bit t nhng hnh khch
tr gi cao hn.

81

Lesson 38. Trains

- comprehensive (a) bao qut ~ knowledge: kin thc bao qut
comprehensiveness
(n)
comprehensively
(adv)
- all inclusive: bao trn gi exclusively: mt cch c quyn
- deluxe (a) xa x, sang trng
- directory (n) danh b
direct
(v)
direction
(n)
- duration (n) khong thi gian
- entitle (v) cho php, cho quyn ( hng li ch)
- fare (n) ph (dnh cho phng tin i li)
- offset (v) b p
- operate (v) hot ng = perform
operation (n)
operational (a)
- punctually (adv) mt cch ng gi
punctual
(a)
punctuality (n)
- promptly (adv) mt cch nhanh chng
- relatively (adv) mt cch tng i
- remainder (n) phn cn li
remain
(v)
remains
(n)
remaining (a)
- remote (a) xa xi
remoteness (n)
remotely
(adv)

82

Trains are among the best ways to

see a lot of a country in a relatively short
amount of time. In addition to the
consideration of time, traveling by train
allows you to really see the country you are
passing through. You need only get to the
station on time; after that you can relax and
watch from the window.
Most trains are on time and run on a
punctual schedule. Routes, schedules, and
fares are listed in a timetable available at a
train station, in many travel directories, or
posted on the World Wide Web. Directories
that are comprehensive list all the trains, the
cities they serve, the stations they depart
from, and the class of services available. A
few remote travel destinations are
accessible only during the peak tourist
season; the train does not operate there the
remainder of the year.
The fare is based on how far you
travel
and
the
quality
of
your
accommodations. The basic fare buys you a
seat for the duration of the trip. To be more
precise, an unreserved seat guarantees a
passenger transportation only; seats are
allocated on a first-come, first-served
basis. On busy holidays, it is passible that
you could stand for at least some of your
trip. For long trips, you will want to reserve a
seat.
If you are traveling overnight, the cost
of your room accommodation will depend on
how deluxe your room is. Although taking
the train is less expensive than flying, the
savings may be offset by the cost of
booking a sleeping room.
Travelers coming to the United States
can take advantage of special rates not
available in the United States. These
passes entitle the bearer to unlimited coach
travel on trains for a fixed period of days,

Xe la l mt trong nhng cch tt

nht nhn thy nhiu ca mt quc gia
trong lng thi gian tng i ngn.
Ngoi vic xem xt thi gian, i du lch
bng xe la cho php bn thc s nhn
thy t nc m bn ang i qua. Bn ch
cn n trm ng gi; sau bn c th
th gin v xem t ca s.
Hu ht cc chuyn tu ng gi v
vn hnh lch trnh ng gi. Cc tuyn
ng, lch trnh, v gi v c lit k
trong mt thi gian biu c sn ti mt nh
ga xe la, trong nhiu danh b du lch, hoc
c ng trn World Wide Web. Danh b
c danh sch ton din tt c cc on tu,
cc thnh ph m chng phc v, cc trm
chng khi hnh, v cc lp dch v c
sn. Mt vi im n du lch xa xi c th
truy cp ch trong ma du lch cao im; tu
khng hot ng vo thi gian cn li ca
nm.
Gi v c da trn bn i du lch
bao xa v cht lng ca phng ca bn.
Gi v c bn mua cho bn mt ch ngi
trong sut khong thi gian ca chuyn i.
c chnh xc hn, mt ch ngi
khng hn ch m bo ch cho vic vn ti
hnh khch; gh c phn b trn
nguyn tc ngi n trc c phc
v trc. Vo nhng ngy l bn rn, c
th l bn c th chu ng t nht mt s
chuyn i ca bn. i vi nhng chuyn i
di, bn s mun t trc mt ch ngi.
Nu bn ang i du lch qua m, chi
ph phng ca bn s ph thuc vo cn
phng ca bn sang trng th no. Mc d
i tu th t tn km hn so vi bay, cc
khon tit kim c th c b p bi chi
ph t trc mt phng ng.
Khch du lch n Hoa K c th tn
dng cc mc gi c bit khng c sn ti
Hoa K. Nhng ng chuyn cho php
ngi mang n hng li du lch toa tu
khng gii hn trn cc chuyn tu trong

83

usually a month.

mt thi gian c nh, thng l mt thng.

84

Lesson 39. Hotels

- advanced (a) nng cao, cao cp
advance
(v)
(n)
- chain (n) chui
- check in (v) ng k
- confirm (v) xc nhn = validate
confirmed
(a)
confirmation(n)
- expect (v) mong i
expectant
(n)
expectation
(n)
- housekeeper (n) qun gia, ngi dn phng
- notify (v) thng bo
notification (n)
- preclude (v) ngn chn
- quote (v) bo gi
quotation (n)
quotable
(a)
- rate (n) gi c
- reservation (n) s t ch trc make a ~: thc hin vic t ch trc
reserve
(v)
in reserve (n)
- service (n) 1. dch v
2. s phc v

85

People stay in hotels for business and

personal travel. But with room rates being
so high, many travelers are staying home.
Since high costs can preclude travel, smart
travelers know they can save money and
get the best rates for a room by making
reservations well in advance of the
beginning of their trip. When you make a
reservation, the hotel staff will ask you to
notify them as soon as there is any change
in your travel plans. To avoid any surprises,
its a good idea to call and confirm the
availability of your room and the rate you
were quoted.

In selecting a hotel, first think about

the kinds of service you will need or like to
have. You naturally expect a clean, well-lit
room. You naturally expect that a
housekeeper will clean your room daily
even in the smallest hotels. Large hotel
chains offer the most services, such as a
pool, health club, or money exchange. The
front desk clerks will tell you about such
services when you check in the hotel.

Mi ngi trong khch sn cho

mc ch kinh doanh v du lch c nhn.
Nhng vi gi phng ang rt cao, nhiu du
khch ang nh. V chi ph cao c th
ngn cn du lch, cc du khch thng minh
bit rng h c th tit kim tin v c c
mc gi tt nht cho mt cn phng bng
cch thc hin t ch trc trc lc bt
u chuyn i ca h. Khi bn thc hin
vic t phng trc, nhn vin khch sn
s yu cu bn thng bo h ngay khi
c bt k thay i no trong k hoch du
lch ca bn. trnh bt k nhng bt ng,
tht l mt tng tt gi v xc nhn
s sn c ca cn phng ca bn v mc
gi bn c bo gi.
Trong vic la chn mt khch sn,
u tin ngh v cc loi dch v m bn s
cn hoc mun c. Bn t nhin mong mt
cn phng nh sng, sch. Bn t
nhin mong rng mt qun gia s dn
phng ca bn hng ngy ngay c trong
cc khch sn nh nht. Cc chui khch
sn ln cung cp cc dch v nhiu nht,
chng hn nh mt h bi, cu lc b sc
khe, hoc trao i tin. Nhn vin quy l
pha trc s ni bn bit v cc dch v
nh vy khi bn ng k khch sn.

86

Lesson 40. Car Rentals

- rental (n) tin (cho) thu
- busy (a) bn rn
- coincide (v) trng hp
coincidence
(n)
coincidentally
(adv)
- confusion (n) s bi ri
confuse
(v)
confusing (a)
- a lack of st: thiu ci g
- contact
(v) lin lc
(n) i tc
- keep in touch with (v) gi lin lc vi
- disappoint (v) lm tht vng
disappointment
(n)
disappointing
(a)
- intend (v) d nh + to vo
intent
(a)
intention
(n)
intently
(adv)
- license (n) giy php drivers ~: giy php li xe
- nervously (adv) mt cch cng thng
nervous
(a)
nervousness
(n)
- optional (a) t chn
- compulsory (a) bt buc
- tempt (v) d d
temptation (n)
tempting
(a)
- thrill (a) hi hp
- tier (n) hng, loi (xe)

87

Many travelers taking a driving

vacation simply rent a car. Yoko called
ahead to rent a car at her vacation
destination. Although she was tempted to
book a car once she arrived at her
destination, Yoko was nervous about not
having a reservation. Her vacation
coincided with a holiday, so she knew
many other people would also be renting
cars. Yoko wanted to avoid the
disappointment of finding that a car was not
available at this busy travel time.
There are a lot of car rental firms, so
Yoko contacted several of them to compare
rates and requirements. At each company
she called, she learned she would need a
valid drivers license and a major credit
card to rent a car.
Yoko found the many different rates
for renting cars confusing. Some companies
offered substantial discounts provided
that the car was reserved for a certain
number of days. One company offered her a
great daily rate, but it was based on a threeday rental. Since she only intended to rent
the car for two days, the discount did not
apply to her. Also, the base price did not
cover optional costs, like collision insurance
or gas refills.
Another factor influencing the rate
was the type of car. Rentals are based on a
tier price system. The more luxurious or
sporty, or the large the car, the higher the
daily rate. Since Yoko needed only a small
reliable car, she found a reasonable rate
although she would have liked the thrill of
driving a convertible!

Nhiu du khch i ngh h bng vic

li xe ch n gin l thu mt chic xe hi.
Yoko gi trc thu mt chic xe hi ti
im n k ngh ca c ta. Mc d c b
cm d t mt chic xe mt ln khi c
ta n im n ca c ta, Yoko cng
thng v vic khng c t trc. K ngh
ca c ta trng hp vi mt k ngh, v vy
c ta bit nhiu ngi khc cng s cho
thu xe t. Yoko mun trnh s tht vng
ca vic tm kim mt chic xe hi khng
c sn ti thi im du lch bn rn ny.
C rt nhiu cng ty cho thu xe, v
vy Yoko lin lc vi mt vi trong s h
so snh gi v cc yu cu. Ti mi
cng ty m c ta gi, c ta bit c ta s
cn mt bng li xe hp l v th tn dng
ln thu mt chic xe hi.
Yoko tm thy nhiu mc gi khc
nhau cho vic thu xe ang ri bi. Mt s
cng ty cung cp gim gi ng k min l
chic xe c dnh ring cho mt s ngy
nht nh. Mt cng ty cung cp cho c ta
mt mc gi hng ngy rt cao, nhng n
c da trn vic thu ba ngy. K t khi
c ta ch c nh thu xe cho hai ngy,
gim gi khng p dng cho c ta. Cng
vy, gi c s khng bao gm chi ph ty
chn, nh bo him va chm hoc np
nhin liu.
Mt yu t khc nh hng n t l
ny l cc loi xe. Cho thu c da trn
mt h thng gi hng (xe). Chic xe cng
sang trng hoc cng th thao, hoc cng
ln, mc gi hng ngy cng cao. T khi
Yoko ch cn mt chic xe ng tin cy nh,
c ta tm thy mt mc gi hp l - mc d
c c th thch s hi hp ca vic li xe
mui trn!

88

Lesson 41. Movies

89

The popularity of the movies began

early in the 20th century and continues
today. People of all ages find movies
entertaining. Movies are a worldwide
phenomenon, as the internationalism of
movie distribution has helped to disperse
ideas around the globe. One movie can
quickly influence other movies. But why are
movies so popular?
Movies are a kind of storytelling. They
try to describe an idea or record an
abservation about our culture. These
descriptions are recorded using moving
visual images. Some movies portray the
situation
accurately
and
realistically,
whereas other movies find visual symbols to
represent those situations.
On the most simple level, movies are
a succession of moving images. These
successive images are captured on film.
Diretors film a wide range of shots-long,
medium, and close up to creat a visual
composition. The visual images, along with
plot, characterization, and sound, produce
the desired narrative, the shots are koined
together in any number of combinations in a
process called editing.
Making a film is a massive, comples,
and expensive task that combines art and
business. Making a movie involves the
talents of hundreds, and sometimes
thousands, of artists, producers, and
business people. It can take months, even
years, for a film to be released into a movie
theater.
Like a novel, a movie is not just a
story, but a story told a certain way. A film
director may want to make a movie that tells
a meaningful story or one that is primarily
entertaining, and will use different filming
techniques to attain that goal. It is
impossible to separate what is told in a
movie from how it is told. A diretors artistic
vision can range from improvised to
90

carefully controlled. Think about the

complexity of a movie the next time you see
one.

91

Lesson 42. Theater

92

Many people find nothing as exciting

as an evening of live theater. The theater
combines great works of literature written
for the stage, the talents of great actors, and
the efforts of hundreds of skilled artisans
who work to create a mood. This mood,
created by the actors, director, and
playwright with the supporting elements of
sets, lighting, and costumes, is what makes
a theatrical performance magical. When the
curtain goes up, this magic occurs right
before your eyes.
The director of play will approach the
work from his or her own artistic
perspective. Each director has a different
vision and this shapes how he or she directs
the movement or action between the
characters. Diretors use not only their
theatrical training, but real-life experiences
to create a meaningful, realistic evening.
Actors also bring their own artistic and
personal experiences to their work. This is
why every staging of a play is unique.
Plays construct another world before
your eyes. Ordinary words turn into
meaningful dialogue . costumes and sets
can be realistic or symbolic. Everything in a
play looks easy, but it takes many weeks of
rehearsal to get everything in place.
Watching a play from the audience is
great fun. To find out if a play is good, look
for reviews in the newspapers or ask
friends. When plays are really popular, the
available seats can fill up quickly and the
play will sell out.

93

Lesson 43. Music

94

Everyone love music, it seems. And

theres little reason to wonder why. There is
so much music availble from which to
choose, and there is a category of music to
appeal to every taste. The major groups of
music are divided broadly into classical,
popular, and jazz. Within these broad
groups are many other subcategories. For
example, such disparate types of music as
movie sound tracks, rhythm and blues, rock,
and rap all fit within the category of popular
music.
The urge to make and enjoy music
may be instinctive. Even small children will
prefer certain kinds of music.
Another reason that music is so
popular is the variety of settings in which
one can enjoy his or her favorite kind of
music. You can go to a church to hear great
religious music, or to a concert hall to hear a
well-know classical symphony. On another
night, you might go to a small club to listen
to an up-and-coming jazz group while you
enjoy a drink. A few nights later, you might
go with some friends to join thousands of
other people in a stadium to hear your
favorite rock band play in your house or
apartment, you can relax while you put in a
tape or CD and listen to your favorite artists
again and again in your own home.

95

Lesson 44. Museums

96

Museums are places to view and

admire the great works of art. All large
cities, and even many small cities, have
good art museums in which you will find a
wide spectrum of paintings, sculptures,
drawings, and prints.
Museums attempt to collect and
display a broad range of examples of how,
throughout time, men and women have
responded to what they have seen, thought,
and felt by expressing themselves through
materials like stone, clay, and paint, or ink
and paper. The artist imposes an order on
these materials that is signficant. Some
styles of art or particular objects are in
fashion for only a while, and others earn
positive criticism over time and are seen as
enduring classics. Museums collect the best
of these works for the public to see.
When you go to a museum, be sure
to schedule plenty of time to see the art
without feeling rushed. If you are lucky
enough to live near a museum, you can
come back again at your leisure some
museums show a broad collection of art
from different times and cultures, often
collected and donated by their generous
patrons. Other museums specialize in
displaying art from a certain period, say
from the ancient word, or by a certain group
or nationality of people, like by Native
Americans.
The operations of many museums are
paid for by the government and these
museums are often free to the public; other
museums must charge each person upon
entry. These fees help the museum operate
and acquire more works.

97

Lesson 45. Media

98

Chen likes to get his news from the

paper. Lemma turns on the television to find
out whats going on the world. Eva
subscribes to more magazines than she
keep track of, whereas Kobi chooses to
listen to radio talk shows that cover issues
thoroughly to tape into whats going on in
the world. All these people are touched by
the media.
What is the media? What constitutes
the media? The media consists of all the
ways that news and information is
disseminated to a mass audience. The
media covers everything from hard news,
which is investigative reporting, to stories
that are purely entertaining, such as
whether your favorite movies star was on
the Best Dressed/ Worst Dressed list.
Whether in print or broadcast on TV, the
stories are the product of the reporting of
many journalists who give out the
assignments, assess the quality of the
writing and research, and make the
decisions about where and when the stories
run.
The news has an immediate impact.
The Internet puts global news onto the
personal computer on your desk. Almost all
browsers have links to up-to-the-minute
news services. You can get constant news
updates from a variety of sources via your
personal computer, providing you with the
most up-to-date and in-depth coverage.

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Lesson 46. Doctors Office

100

Sooner or later, everyone needs to go

to the doctors office. In fact, its in your best
interest to see your doctor at least annually.
The better he or she knows you and your
health, the more effective your doctor can
be. Most people need help in diagnosing
routine medical problems they are
experiencing, such as symptoms of colds
and the flu, allergies, rashes, and ear
aches. Other times, people visit a doctor for
help in preventing health problems from
ever occurring, through lowering their risk of
heart attack or stroke by dieting or
exercising.
When
you
arrive
for
your
appointment, the doctors office staff will
have ready a record of all your visits, so that
the doctor has a complete reference of your
health. The visit will begin with an
assessment of your general health and a
discussion of any problems that are of
concern you.
The doctors may use a variety of
instruments to get a closer look at you. The
doctor will manage your problem and
recommend a treatment plan. The doctor
may prescribe medication, refer you to a
specialist more experienced in treating your
condition, or order tests to gain more
information. In serious cases, he or she may
send you to the hospital for care.

101

Lesson 47. Dentists Office

102

At least twice a year. Toshiro makes

an appointment with his dentist. Hes aware
that taking good care of his teeth and
seeing a dentist can help prevent the
buildup of tartar and plaque that could
cause serious problems later.
The dentist starts the appointment by
looking over Toshiros chart, which details
all the work that has been done on his teeth,
as a way to catch up on Toshiros dental
health. Toshiro brushes regularly, but is not
so regular about daily lfossing. His dentist is
trying to encourage a better flossing habit,
by
demonstrating
some
easy-to-use
techniques.
When the dentist is ready to look into
Toshiras mouth, she adjusts the height and
position of the chair to make sure she can
see all of Toshiros teeth. A bright light
irritates Toshiros eyes, but illuminates the
dark places in the back of his mouth. The
dentist does a quick overview of Toshiros
mouth, looking for any obvious problems,
such as a cavity or a broken tooth. The
dentist asks if Toshoro has been having any
problems, like tooth pain, bleeding, or
sorenness.
Sometimes, problems in the mouth
are quite evident and can be seen by the
dentists trained eye. But other times, the
dentist will take X-rays to make certain there
are no problems in areas she cannot see,
such as under the gum line or inside a
tooth.
The dentist then goes to work,
repairing any damage. She then restore the
natural color to his teeth with a thorough
cleaning. The noise of the drills and
cleaners can upset some patients, so
Toshiros dentist is kind enough to supply
earphones to provide a distraction .

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Lesson 48. Health Insurance

104

The cost and availability of health

insurance is one of the greatest concerns of
company personnel. A covered employee
should be familiar with the terms and
conditions of the insurance policy. Although
the insured pays a portion of the cost of his
or her coverage through salary deductions,
the employer generally covers most of the
cost.
Self-employed persons can arrange
for their own insurance or join an
association of those performing similar work
in order to get lower premiums. Traditionally,
the insurance carrier will allow most of the
charges related to medical care, although
the insured might be responsible for a small
portion.
Although the company or association
negotiates the most suitable terms they can,
most experts emphasize that employees
should be on the lookout for alternatives
that might better suit their needs.
Regardless of the cost of premiums, the
most important aspect of good health
insurance is that it meets the needs of the
insured and incurs the least possible cost
for necessary procedures.

105

Lesson 49. Hospitals

106

Hospitals have a mission to provide

patients with high-quality medical care.
Everyone on staff will make sure that you
get the best possible treatment for your
condition.
When you arrive at the hospital, you
should have with you all the pertinent
information needed to be admitted, like your
insurance information and copies of X-rays
and other test results, even if they were
taken another facility. Bring your insurance
card and any referral or authorization form
from your doctor. You should also have
some form of identification with a photo. You
will also need to sign an agreement
regarding treatment consent. Once you
arrive, there is usually a concierge who will
assist you with the admitting process.
Many elective surgeries and other
procedures are usually done on the same
day. Usually a hospital staff member will
escort you to exit and make sure you get
into the car safely. After you leave the
hospital, you will receive a statement from
the hospital for the charges your insurer
does not cover. Your insurance policy will
outline any amount for which you may be
responnsible.
You will find that smoking is not
permitted in any hospital building. Often,
hospitals have designated smoking areas
outside for patients, families, and staff who
wish to smoke.

107

Lesson 50. Pharmacy

108

Yoko is having trouble with seasonal

allergies this fall. After consulting with her
doctor, they decide she should take
medication on a regular basis to control her
symptoms. Her doctor recommends the
madication he thinks will work best and
offers her a handful of samples at no
charge. For her long-term needs, Yoko will
need to have a prescription filled. Her doctor
volunteers to call the pharmacy Yoko uses
to order a supply, which will limit the time
she spends waiting for the prescription to be
filled.
Yoko is new in town and does not
know which pharmacy she wants to use.
She knows that there is a drugstore near
her apartment and one near where she
works, but does not remember the operating
hours for either. Yoko knows that convenient
hours and location ae important factors in
selecting a pharmacy. Although she can fill
different drugstore, it makes more sense to
Yoko to fill all of her medications at one
location.
Accasionally, some drugs will have
harmful interactions. Usually, your doctor
will prevent a drug interaction problem
before it starts. But, if you see more than
one doctor, it is hard to monitor the various
medications you are taking. Having all your
prescriptions filled at one location increases
the chances that the pharmacist will detect
a potential drug interaction problem. This
timely detection can save your life.

109