DEMOGRAFI PERANCIS

Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.

Bandar raya-bandar raya Perancis metropolitan dengan lebih 100,000 penduduk

Dengan jumlah penduduk yang dianggarkan pada 64 juta orang, Perancis ialah negara ke-23
paling ramai penduduknya di dunia. Bandar raya-bandar raya terbesar di Perancis ialah Paris,
Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice, dan Nantes.
Pada tahun 2003, pertumbuhan populasi semulajadi Perancis (tidak termasuk imigrasi)
merupakan punca terbesar keseluruhan perumbuhan populasi semulajadi dalam Kesatuan
Eropah. Pada tahun 2004, kadar pertumbuhan populasi ialah 0.68% dan kemudian pada tahun
2005 kadar kelahiran dan kesuburan terus meningkat. Peningkatan semula kelahiran
berbanding kematian meningkat kepada 299,800 pada tahun 2006. Kadar kesuburan
sepanjang hayat meningkat ke 2.00 pada tahun 2007, berbanding 1.92 pada tahun 2004.[1]
Pada tahun 2004, sejumlah 140,033 orang berhijrah ke Perancis; antaranya 90,250 orang
berasal dari Afrika dan 13,710 orang pula dari Eropah.[2] Pada tahun 2005, tahap imigrasi
jatuh sedikit pada 135,890.[3] Perancis ialah sebuah negara yang pelbgai kaum. Menurut
Institut Kebangsaan Perancis untuk Kajian Statistik dan Ekonomi, Perancis mempunyai kirakira 4.9 juta orang pendatang kelahiran asing, antaranya 2 juta have sudah meraih
kewarganegaraan Perancis.[4] Perancis merupakan destinasi leading perlindungan utama di
Eropah Barat dengan anggaran 50,000 permohonan pada tahun 2005 (jatuh 15% dari tahun
2004).[5] Kesatuan Eropah membenarkan pergerakan bebas antara negara-negara ahlinya.
Meskipun UK (serta Ireland) tidak mengenakan apa-apa sekatan, namun Perancis pula
mengenakan in sekatan untuk mengawal penghijrahan Eropah Timur.
Peninggalan Perancis: peta dunia berbahasa Perancis bahasa ibunda bahasa pentadbiran
bahasa sekunder atau bukan rasmi bahasa minoriti

Evolusi demografi dari tahun 19602010 (menurut DESA, 2012). Perangkaan diberi dalam
berjuta-juta orang penduduk
Menurut Artikel 2 Perlembagaan, bahasa Perancis ialah satu-satunya bahasa rasmi Perancis
sejak tahun 1992. Ini menjadikan Perancis satu-satunya negara Eropah barat (tidak termasuk
negara kecil) yang mempunyai satu bahasa rasmi sahaja.

Ibu negara
dan bandar terbesar
Bahasa rasmi
Kerajaan
- Presiden
- Perdana Menteri

Paris

Bahasa Perancis
Republik Semiberpresiden
Franois Hollande
Manuel Valls
Penubuhan
- Republik kelima
1958
- Perairan (%)
Populasi
- 2007 (anggaran)
64,102,140 (ke-20)
KDNK (PPP)
2006 anggaran
- Jumlah
$2.232 trilion (ke-6)
- Per kapita
$35,404 (ke-18)
HDI (2004)
0.942 (tinggi / ke-16)
Euro (), CFP franc1 (EUR, XPF)
Mata wang
Zon waktu
CET (UTC+1)
- Musim panas (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Kod panggilan
33
Internet TLD
.fr
1

di wilayah luar negeri sahaja

Ekonomi
Rencana utama: Ekonomi Perancis

Airbus A380 lengkap yang pertama di acara "A380 Reveal" di Toulouse pada 18
Januari 2005. Airbus ialah lambang globalisasi ekonomi Perancis dan Eropah

Ekonomi Perancis menggabungkan keusahawanan swasta berleluasa (hampir 2.5 juta syarikat
berdaftar) dengan campur tangan kerajaan yang banyak (namun kian merosot) (lihat
dirigisme). Kerajaan masih berpengaruh besar terhadap segmen-segmen penting dalam sektor
prasarana, melalui milikan majoriti firma-firma kereta api, elektrik, pesawat, dan
telekomunikasi. Kerajaan selama ini telah meringankan pegangannya terhadap sektor-sektor
inis sejak awal 1990-an. Kerajaan sedang beransur-ansur menjual pegangannya dalam France
Tlcom, Air France, serta industri insuran, perbankan dan pertahanan.
Perancis selaku ahli kumpulan negara-negara berindustri peneraju G8 merupakan ekonomi
keenam terbesar di dunia pada tahun 2005, mengekori Amerika Syarikat, Jepun, Jerman,
Republik Rakyat China dan United Kingdom. France menyertai 11 negara ahli Kesatuan
Eropah yang lain untuk melancarkan matawang Euro pada 1 Januari 1999, manakala duit
syiling dan wang kertas euro menggantikan franc Perancis () sepenuhnya pada awal tahun
2002.

Menurut OECD, pada tahun 2004 Perancis adalah pengeksport kelima terbesar dan
pengimport keempat terbesar barang buatan kilang. Pada tahun 2003, Perancis adalah
penerima pelaburan langsung asing kedua terbesar di kalangan negara-negara OECD pada
$47 bilion, mengekori Luxembourg (yang pelaburan langsung asingnya pokoknya merupakan
pindahan kewangan ke bank-bank yang terletak di negara itu) tetapi mengatasi Amerika
Syarikat ($39.9 bilion), United Kingdom ($14.6 bilion), Jerman ($12.9 bilion), atau Jepun
($6.3 bilion). pada tahun yanf sama, syarikat-syarikat Perancis melabur $57.3 bilion di luar
Perancis, menjadikan Perancis pelabur langsung di luar negara kedua terpenting dalam
OECD, mengekori Amerika Syarikat ($173.8 bilion), dan mendahului United Kingdom
($55.3 bilion), Jepun ($28.8 bilion) dan Jerman ($2.6 bilion).
Dengan menerima 82 juta pelancong asing setiap tahun.[14], Perancis merupakan tempat
destinasi pelancongan teratas di dunia, mengatasi Sepanyol (55.6 juta pada tahun 2005) dan
Amerika Syarikat (49.4 juta pada tahun 2005). Perangkaan ini tidak termasuk sesiapa yang
menetap selama kurang 24 jam di Perancis, seperti orang Eropah utara yang merentasi
Perancis dalam perjalanan ke Sepanyol atau Itali pada musim panas. Perancis menampilkan
bandaraya-bandaraya yang penuh dengan kepentingan kebudayaan (Paris sebagai peneraju),
pantai-pantai dan resort-resort tepi laut, resort-resort ski, dan kawasan laur bandar di mana
keindahan dan ketenangan boleh dinikmati (pelancongan hijau). Selain pelancongan kasual,
Perancis menarik ramai jemaah-jemaah keagamaan ke Lourdes, sebuah bandar di
dpartement Hautes-Pyrnes, yang merumahkan beberapa juta pelancong setiap tahun.
Perancis mempunyai industri aeroangkasa penting yang diterajui konsortium Eropah Airbus,
dan merupakan satu-satunya kuasa Eropah (tidak termasuk Rusia) yang mempunyai
spaceport kebangsaan sendirinya (Centre Spatial Guyanais). Perancis juga merupakan negara
barat yang paling kurang bergantung kepada tenaga kerana pelaburan besar-besaran dalam
kuasa nuklear yang menjadikan Perancis penghasil karbon dioksida yang paling kurang di
kalangan tujuh negara paling berindustri di dunia. Oleh sebab pelaburan besar-besaran dalam
teknologi nuklear, kebanyakan tenaga elektrik yang dihasilkan dalam negara ini dijana oleh
loji tenaga nuklear (78.1% pada tahun 2006,[15] iaitu meningkat dari cuma 8% pada tahun
1973, 24% pada tahun 1980, dan 75% pada tahun 1990).

Politik
Rencana utama: Politik Perancis
Fail:Logo de la Rpublique franaise.svg
Logo Republik Perancis. Cogan katanya bererti: "Kebebasan, kesamaan dan
persaudaraan"

Republik Perancis ialah sebuah republik semiberpresiden kesatuan dengan tradisi demokratik
yang kukuh. Perlembagaan Republik Kelima diluluskan melalui pungutan suara pada 28
September 1958 dan banyak mengukuhkan kekuasaan cabang eksekutif berhubungan dengan
parlimen. Cabang eksekutif itu sendirinya dipimpin dua orang ketua, iaitu: Presiden Republik
yang diundi secara langsung oleh hak undi dewasa universal untuk penggal 5 tahun

(dahulunya 7 tahun) dan merupakan Ketua Negara, dan Kerajaan, yang dipimpin Perdana
Menteri yang dilantik oleh Presiden.
Parlimen Perancis ialah sebuah badan perundangan dwidewan yang terdiri daripada sebuah
Dewan Undangan Negara (Assemble Nationale) dan sebuah Senat. Timbalan-timbalan
Dewan Undangan Negara mewakili kawasan-kawasan pengundian setempan dan diundi
secara langsung untuk penggal 5 tahun. Dewan Undangan berkuasa melucutkan Kabinet, dan
maka itu majoriti dalam Dewan Undanganlah yang menentukan pilihan kerajaan. Senatorsenator pula dipilih oleh sebuah kumpulan pengundi untuk penggal 6 tahun (asalnya 9 tahun),
dan separuh kerusi-kerusinya diserahkan kepada pilihanraya setiap tahun bermula September
2008.[9] Kuasa perundangan Senat adalah terhad; sekiranya timbul perselisihan antara keduadua dewan, Dewan Undanganlah yang menentukan keputusan muktamad, kecuali bagi
undang-undang perlembagaan dan lois organiques (undang-undang yang disediakan secara
langsung oleh perlembagaan) dalam sesetengah kes. Kerajaan berpengaruh kuat terhadap
pembentukan agenda Parlimen.
Politik Perancis disifatkan oleh dua kelompok yang bertentangan haluan politik: satunya
berhaluan kiri, berpusatkan Parti Sosialis, dan yang lain itu berhaluan kanan, mula-mulanya
berpusatkan Rassemblement pour la Rpublique (RPR) dan kini pewarisnya Kesatuan
Pergerakan Popular. Cabang eksekutif kini didominasi ahli UPM.

Geograf
Rencana utama: Geografi Perancis

Sementara Perancis Metropolitan terletak di Eropah Barat, Perancis juga mempunyai

sebilangan wilayah di Amerika Utara, Caribbean, Amerika Selatan, bahagian selatan Lautan
Hindi, Lautan Pasifik, dan Antartika.[10] Wilayah-wilayah ini mempunyai bentuk kerajaan
yang berbeza-beza dari jabatan seberang laut hingga kolektiviti seberang laut.
Perancis Metropolitan meliputi 551,695 kilometer persegi (213,010 batu persegi)
menjadikannya negara yang terbesar dari segi keluasan dalam Kesatuan Eropah, hanya
sedikit lebih besar berbanding Sepanyol. Perancis memiliki pelbagai landskap, dari dataran
pantai di utara dan barat hingga banjaran gunung Alp di tenggara, Massif Central (Pusat
Puncak Gunung) di selatan tengah dan Pyrenee di barat daya. Pada ketinggian 4,807 meter
(15,770 kaki) atas paras laut, puncak tertinggi di Eropah Barat, Mont Blanc, terletak di
banjaran Alp pada sempadan antara Perancis dan Itali.[11] Perancis Metropolitan juga
mempunyai sistem sungai menyeluruh seperti Sungai Loire, Garonne, Seine dan Rhne, yang
memisahkan Massif Central daripada Alp dan mengalir ke laut Mediterranean di Camargue,
titik terendah di Perancis (2 m / 6.5 kaki bawah paras laut).[11] Corsica terletak di luar
pesisiran Mediterranean.

Gambar satelit Perancis metropolitan, Ogos 2002

Jumlah keluasan tanah Perancis, termasuk jabatan-jabatan dan wilayah-wilayah seberang

lautnya (kecuali Tanah Adlie), ialah 674,843 kilometer persegi (260,558 batu persegi), iaitu
0.45% jumlah keluasan tanah Bumi. Namun begitu, Perancis memiliki Zon Ekonomi
Eksklusif kedua terbesar di dunia, meliputi 11,035,000 kilometer persegi (4,260,000 batu
persegi), iaitu kira-kira 8% jumlah keluasan segala Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif di dunia,
mengekori Amerika Syarikat (11,351,000 km / 4,383,000 batu persegi) dan mendahului
Australia (8,232,000 km / 3,178,000 batu persegi).[12]
Perancis Metropolitan terletak di antara selarian 41 dan 50 Utara, pada sisi barar Eropah
dan maka itu, terletak dalam lingkungan zon sederhana utara. Bahagian utara dan barat laut
mengalami iklim sederhana, namun, satu gabungan pengaruh maritim, latitud dan altitud
menghasilkan kepelbagaian iklim di baahgian-bahagian lain dalam Perancis Metropolitan.[13]
Bahagian tenggara didominasi iklim Mediterranean. Di barat, iklimnya ditakluki iklim lautan
dengan curahan hujan yang banyak, musim sejuk yang ringan dan musim panas yang
nyaman. Di pedalaman, iklimnya lebih cenderung kepada iklim benua dengan musim panas
yang terik dan diselubungi ribut, musim sejuk yang lebih dingin dan kurangnya hujan. Iklim
Alp dan kawasan pergunungan lain terutamanya beriklim Alp secara semula jadi dengan
bilangan hari-hari yang mengalami suhu di bawah paras beku melebihi 150 setiap tahun dan
liputan salji bertahan sehingga enam bulan.

Population

Age structure

Dependency ratios

66,259,012
note: the above figure is for metropolitan France and five
overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is
62,814,233 (July 2014 est.)
0-14 years: 18.7% (male 6,337,877/female 6,053,185)
15-24 years: 11.9% (male 4,018,044/female 3,837,191)
25-54 years: 38.6% (male 12,851,278/female 12,719,073)
55-64 years: 12.5% (male 4,012,614/female 4,290,624)
65 years and over: 18.3% (male 5,197,519/female 6,941,607)
(2014 est.)
total dependency ratio: 57.4 %
youth dependency ratio: 28.6 %
elderly dependency ratio: 28.8 %

potential support ratio: 3.5 (2014 est.)

total: 40.9 years
Median age
male: 39.3 years
female: 42.4 years (2014 est.)
Population growth rate
0.45% (2014 est.)
Birth rate
12.49 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Death rate
9.06 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Net migration rate
1.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
urban population: 85.8% of total population (2011)
Urbanization
rate of urbanization: 1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
PARIS (capital) 10.62 million; Marseille-Aix-en-Provence
Major cities - population 14,890,100; Lyon 1.488 million; Lille 1.042 million; Nice-Cannes
991,000; Toulouse 933,000 (2011)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio
25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2014 est.)
Mother's mean age at first
28.1 (2010 est.)
birth
total: 3.31 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate
male: 3.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)
total population: 81.66 years
Life expectancy at birth male: 78.55 years
female: 84.91 years (2014 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.08 children born/woman (2014 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence 76.4%
rate
note: percent of women aged 20-49 (2008)
HIV/AIDS - adult
0.4% (2009 est.)
prevalence rate
HIV/AIDS - people living
150,000 (2009 est.)
with HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS - deaths
1,700 (2009 est.)
improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
Drinking water source
unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2012 est.)
Sanitation facility access improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population

Nationality
Ethnic groups

Religions

Languages

Literacy

unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2012 est.)
noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)
adjective: French
Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African,
Indochinese, Basque minorities
overseas departments: black, white, mulatto, East Indian,
Chinese, Amerindian
Roman Catholic 83%-88%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim
5%-10%, unaffiliated 4%
overseas departments: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Hindu,
Muslim, Buddhist, pagan
French (official) 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and
languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan,
Basque, Flemish)
overseas departments: French, Creole patois, Mahorian (a
Swahili dialect)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
total: 16 years
male: 16 years
female: 16 years (2011)
5.9% of GDP (2010)
8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
11.6% of GDP (2011)
3.38 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
6.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)

School life expectancy

(primary to tertiary
education)
Education expenditures
Maternal mortality rate
Health expenditures
Physicians density
Hospital bed density
Obesity - adult prevalence
18.2% (2008)
rate

Brazil

Brazil
Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.

Republik Persekutuan Brazil

Repblica Federativa do Brasil (Portugis)

Moto: "Ordem e Progresso"

(Portugis)

"Ketenteraman dan Kemajuan"

Lagu: Hino Nacional Brasileiro

(Portugis)

"Lagu Kebangsaan Brazil"

Mohor negara
Selo Nacional do Brasil
(Portugis)

"Mohor Negara Brazil"

Ibu negara
Bandar terbesar
Bahasa rasmi

Braslia
1545S 4757W

So Paulo
Portugis
48.43% Putih
Kumpulan etnik (2008 43.80% Perang (Berbilang kaum)
6.84% Hitam
[1]
)
0.58% Asia
0.28% Amerindian

Kerajaan

Republik berperlembagaan
berpresiden persekutuan
Dilma Rousseff (PT)
Kongres Kebangsaan Brazil

- Presiden
Perundangan
Dewan
Senat Persekutuan
Perundangan
- Dewan Rakyat
Dewan Perwakilan
Kemerdekaan dari Negara Beraja Portugal
- Diisytiharkan
7 September 1822
- Diiktiraf
29 Ogos 1825
- Republik
15 November 1889
Perlembagaan
5 Oktober 1988
semasa
Kawasan
8,514,877 km2 (ke-5)
- Jumlah
3,287,597 sq mi
- Perairan (%)
0.65
Populasi
- 2010 (anggaran)
190,732,694 [2]
22/km2 (ke-182)
- Kepadatan
57/sq mi
KDNK (PPP)
2010 anggaran
- Jumlah
$2.181 trillion[3] (ke-7)
- Per kapita
$11,289[3] (ke-71)
KDNK (nominal)
2010 anggaran
- Jumlah
$2.023 trillion[3] (ke-8)
- Per kapita
$10,471[3] (ke-55)
Gini (2008)
49,3[4])
HDI (2010)
0.699[5] (tinggi / ke-73)
Real (R$) (BRL)
Mata wang
Zon waktu
BRT[6] (UTC-2 hingga -4[6])
- Musim panas (DST) BRST (UTC-2 hingga -4)
Format tarikh
dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Memandu pada
kanan
Kod panggilan
+55
Internet TLD
.br

Brazil (Bahasa Portugis: Brasil, IPA: [baziw]), nama rasmi: Republik Persekutuan
Brazil[7] (Bahasa Portugis: Repblica Federativa do Brasil, dengar (bantuanmaklumat)), ialah
negara terbesar di Amerika Selatan, dan juga negara kelima terbesar di dunia, dari segi
keluasan geografi dan jumlah keluasan dengan lebih 190 juta orang penduduk.[8][9] Brazil
merupakan berbahasa Portugis yang tunggal di benua Amerika, dan yang terbesar di dunia.[8]
Disempadani oleh Lautan Atlantik di timur, Brazil mempunyai garis tepi laut sepanjang lebih
7,491 kilometer (4,655 batu).[8] Brazil bersempadan dengan Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname
Guiana Perancis (sebuah wilayah tanggungan Perancis) di utara; Colombia di barat laut;
Bolivia dan Peru di barat; Argentina dan Paraguay di barat daya, dan Uruguay di selatan.
Wilayah Brazil juga dilengkapi dengan beberapa gugus kepulauan, seperti Fernando de
Noronha, Atol Rocas, Batuan Saint Peter dan Paul, dan Trindade dan Martim Vaz.[8] Brazil
bersempadan dengan hampir semua negara Amerika Selatan kecuali Ecuador dan Chile.

Brazil pernah menjadi tanah jajahan Portugal sejak ketibaan Pedro lvares Cabral pada tahun
1500 hingga tahun 1815, apabila ia dinaik taraf ke Kerajaan Bersatu bersama Portugal dan
Algarves. Ikatan kolonial itu akhirnya renggang pada tahun 1808, apabila ibu negara Negara
Beraja Portugal dipindahkan dari Lisbon ke Rio de Janeiro, ekoran serangan Napoleon
terhadap Portugal.[10] Kemerdekaan Brazil dari Portugal tercapai pada 1822. Mula-mulanya
diasaskan sebagai Empayar Brazil, negara ini menjadi republik pada tahun 1889, namun
sistem perundangan dwidewan, kini bergelar Kongres, diasaskan pada tahun 1824, apabila
perlembagaan pertama negara diratifikasi.[10] Perlembagaan sekarang mentakrifkan Brazil
sebagai sebuah Republik Persekutuan.[11] Persekutuan ini terbentuk oleh kesatuan Wilayah
Persekutuan, 26 Negeri, dan 5,564 Kawasan Perbandaran.[11][12]
Ekonomi Brazil ialah ekonomi kelapan terbesar dari segi KDNK[13] dan ketujuh terbesar dari
segi pariti kuasa beli.[14] Brazil merupakan salah sebuah ekonomi utama dunia yang paling
pesat membangun. Atas berkat pembaharuan ekonomi, negara ini mendapat pengiktirafan
antarabangsa.[15] Brazil merupakan salah sebuah negara pengasas Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa
Bersatu, G-20, CPLP, Kesatuan Latin, Pertubuhan Negara Ibero-Amerika, Mercosul dan
Kesatuan Negara Amerika Selatan, dan juga salah sebuah negara BRIC. Brazil juga menjadi
tempat letaknya kepelbagaian hidupan liar, persekitaran alam, dan sumber alam yang kaya di
pelbagai habitat terlindung.

Politik
Rencana utama: Politik Brazil

Kongres Negara di Braslia, ibu negara Brazil.

Persekutuan Brazil merupakan kesatuan berkekalan yang menyatukan tiga entiti politik
yang berbeza, iaitu: Negeri-Negeri, Majlis-Majlis Perbandaran dan Wilayah Persekutuan.[11]
Kesatuan, negeri-negeri dan Wilayah Persekutan, serta majlis-majlis perbandaran, merupakan
lingkungan kerajaan. Persekutuan terletak pada lima prinsip asas:[11] kedaulatan,
kewarganegaraan, martabat insan, nilai sosial buruh dan kebebasan perusahaan, serta
kemajmukan politik. Kedudukan tiga cabang kerajaan (eksekutif, perundangan, dan
kehakiman di bawah sistem sekatan dan imbangan) dimantapkan secara rasmi oleh
Perlembagaan.[11] Badan eksekutif dan perundangan ditubuhkan secara berasingan di ketigatiga lingkungan kerajaan, manakala cabang kehakiman hanya ditubuhkan di peringkat
persekutuan dan negeri/Wilayah Persekutuan.
Kesemua ahli badan eksekutif dan perundangan dipilih secara langsung.[145][146][147] Para hakim
dan pegawai-pegawai kehakiman yang lain dilantik selepas lulus dalam peperiksaan
kemasukan.[145] Brazil mengamalkan sistem berbilang parti sepanjang kebanyakan sejarahnya.
Mengundi adalah wajib bagi warga-warga yang celik huruf dan berusia 18 hingga 70 tahun,
tetapi tidak wajib bagi golongan yang buta huruf, yang berusia 16 hingga 18 tahun atau
melebihi 70 tahun.[11] Selain beberapa parti kecil, terdapat empat buah parti politik yang
menonjol, iaitu: Parti Buruh (PT), Parti Demokratik Sosial Brazil (PSDB), Parti Pergerakan
Demokratik Brazil (PMDB), dan Demokrat (DEM). Hampir kesemua fungsi kerajaan dan
pentadbiran dilaksanakan oleh pihak berkuasa dan agensi-agensi yang bersekutu dengan
badan Eksekutif.

Kerajaan Brazil berbentuk republik demokratik yang bersistem presiden,[11] yang mana
Presiden merupakan ketua negara dan ketua kerajaan Kesatuan, dan dipilih oleh rakyat untuk
penggal empat tahun,[11] dengan kemungkinan dipilih semula untuk penggal kedua berturutturut. Presiden Brazil sekarang ialah Dilma Rousseff yang mengangkat sumpah pada 1
Januari 2011.[148] Presiden melantik Menteri-Menteri Negeri untuk membantu kerajaan.[11]
Badan-badan perundangan di setiap entiti politik merupakan punca utama undang-undang di
Brazil. Kongres Negara merupakan perundangan dwidewan Persekutuan yang terdiri
daripada Dewan Rakyat dan Senat Persekutuan. Lembaga kehakiman melaksanakan tugas
kehakiman sendiri.
15 buah parti politik mempunyai wakil dalam Kongres. Adalah kebiasaan bagi ahli politik
untuk bertukar parti, maka perkadaran kerusi kongres yang diduduki oleh parti tertentu sering
berubah-ubah.

Ekonomi
Rencana utama: Ekonomi Brazil

Sebuah pesawat komersial Embraer ERJ-135. Brazil merupakan pengeluar kapal

terbang ketiga terbesar di dunia.

Brazil merupakan ekonomi negara terbesar di Amerika Latin, ekonomi kelapan terbesar di
dunia pada kadar tukaran pasaran, dan yang ketujuh terbesar dari segi pariti kuasa beli,
menurut Tabung Kewangan Antarabangsa dan Bank Dunia. Brazil mengamalkan ekonomi
pasaran bebas dan kaya sekali dengan sumber alam. Ekonomi Brazil diramalkan menjadi
antara lima ekonomi terbesar di dunia pada puluhan tahun akan datang, ekoran kenaikan
KDNK per kapita.[175] KDNK (PPP) per kapita semasa ialah $10,200, maka Brazil berada di
tangga ke-64 menurut data Bank Dunia. Brazil mempunyai sektor-sektor pertanian,
perlombongan, perkilangan dan perkhidmatan yang besar dan maju, di samping bekalan
tenaga manusia yang besar sekali.[176]
Peningkatan eksport Brazil telah melahirkan satu generasi usahawan yang baru.[177] Antara
hasil keluaran eksport utama termasuk pesawat, kelengkapan elektrik, kereta, etanol, tekstil,
kasut, bijih besi, keluli, kopi, jus oren, kacang soya dan konbif.[178] Negara ini meluaskan
pengaruhnya dalam pasaran kewangan dan komoditi antarabangsa, serta merupakan salah
sebuah negara yang membentuk blok ekonomi memuncul yang bergelar BRIC (Brazil,
Rusia, India dan China).[179]

Brazil menetapkan mata wangnya, iaitu real, kepada dolar AS pada tahun 1994.
Bagaimanapun, selepas Krisis Kewangan Asia Timur, Russian default pada tahun 1998[180]
serta kejadian-kejadian kegawatan kewangan yang menyusul, Bank Pusat Brazil menukar
dasar kewangannya kepada skim apungan terurus buat sementara ketika mengalami krisis
kewangan, kemudian beralih ke rejim pertukaran apungan bebas pada Januari 1999.[181]
Brazil menerima pakej penyelamatan bernilai $30.4 bilion dari Tabung Kewangan
Antarabangsa (IMF) pada pertengahan tahun 2002,[182]. Bank pusat Brazil membayar balik
pinjaman IMF pada tahun 2005, walaupun tarikh pemulangannya adalah pada 2006.[183]
Antara isu-isu yang ditangani oleh Bank Pusat Brazil dewasa ini merupakan lebihan aliran
masuk modal jangka pendek yang spekulatif ke dalam negara yang mungkin menyebabkan
kejatuhan nilai dolar AS berbanding real ketika itu.[184] Walau apapun, pelaburan langsung
asing (FDI) yang berkenaan dengan pelaburan jangka panjang yang kurang spekulatif kepada
pengeluaran dianggarkan bernilai $193.8 bilion pada tahun 2007.[185] Pengawasan dan
pengawalan inflasi kini memainkan sebahagian besar peranan Bank Pusat untuk menetapkan
kadar faedah jangka pendek sebagai langkah dasar kewangan.[186]
Komponen ekonomi
Rencana utama: Pertanian di Brazil dan Perindustrian di Brazil

Empangan Itaipu, loji hidroelektrik terbesar di dunia dari segi penjanaan tenaga
dan yang kedua terbesar dari segi muatan terpasang.

Ekonomi Brazil berbagai-bagai,[187] meliputi sektor pertanian, industri, dan perkhidmatan

sekali.[177][188][189][190] Kekuatan ekonomi Brazil dewasa ini berpunca lambungan harga komoditi
sedunia dengan kenaikan eksport daging lembu mahupun kacang soya.[189][190] Pertanian dan
sektor-sektor berkaitan seperti perhutanan, pembalakan dan perikanan menyumbangkan 5.1%
keluaran dalam negeri kasar 2007,[191] satu prestasi yang meletakkan perniagaan tani dalam
kedudukan yang menonjol dari segi imbangan dagang Brazil, meskipun berdepan dengan
sekatan perdagangan dan dasar subsidi yang diamalkan oleh negara-negara maju.[192]
Sektor perkilangan baik kereta, keluli, petrokimia, komputer, pesawat, mahupun barang
tahan lama pengguna menyumbangkan 30.8% KDNK.[191] Sektor perindustrian yang
berteknologi canggih ini amat tertumpu di kawasan metropolitan So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro,
Campinas, Porto Alegre, dan Belo Horizonte.[193]

Tenaga

Brazil merupakan pengguna tenaga yang ke-10 terbesar di dunia, yang mana kebanyakan
tenaganya datang dari sumber yang boleh diperbaharui, khususnya hidroelektrik dan etanol;
tenaga tak boleh baharu pula banyak dihasilkan daripada minyak dan gas asli.[194] Sebagai
kuasa global pertanian dan sumber alam, Brazil menikmati pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat
sejak 1980-an.[195] Ia dijangka menjadi pengeluar dan pengeksport minyak utama setelah baru
menemui sumber minyak yang banyak.[196][197][198] Agensi-agensi kerajaan yang
bertanggungjawab atas dasar tenaga ialah Kementerian Perlombongan dan Tenaga, Majlis
Dasar Tenaga Negara, Agensi Petroleum, Gas Asli dan Biobahan Api Negara, dan Agensi
Elektrik Negara.[199][200]

Republik Persekutuan Brazil

Repblica Federativa do Brasil (Portugis)

Moto: "Ordem e Progresso"

(Portugis)

"Ketenteraman dan Kemajuan"

Lagu: Hino Nacional Brasileiro

(Portugis)

"Lagu Kebangsaan Brazil"

Mohor negara
Selo Nacional do Brasil
(Portugis)

"Mohor Negara Brazil"

Ibu negara

Braslia
1545S 4757W

Bandar terbesar
Bahasa rasmi

So Paulo
Portugis
48.43% Putih
Kumpulan etnik (2008 43.80% Perang (Berbilang kaum)
6.84% Hitam
[1]
)
0.58% Asia
0.28% Amerindian
Republik berperlembagaan
Kerajaan
berpresiden persekutuan
- Presiden
Dilma Rousseff (PT)
Perundangan
Kongres Kebangsaan Brazil
Dewan
Senat Persekutuan
Perundangan
- Dewan Rakyat
Dewan Perwakilan
Kemerdekaan dari Negara Beraja Portugal
- Diisytiharkan
7 September 1822
- Diiktiraf
29 Ogos 1825
- Republik
15 November 1889
Perlembagaan
5 Oktober 1988
semasa
Kawasan
8,514,877 km2 (ke-5)
- Jumlah
3,287,597 sq mi
- Perairan (%)
0.65
Populasi
- 2010 (anggaran)
190,732,694 [2]
22/km2 (ke-182)
- Kepadatan
57/sq mi
KDNK (PPP)
2010 anggaran
- Jumlah
$2.181 trillion[3] (ke-7)
- Per kapita
$11,289[3] (ke-71)
KDNK (nominal)
2010 anggaran
- Jumlah
$2.023 trillion[3] (ke-8)
- Per kapita
$10,471[3] (ke-55)
Gini (2008)
49,3[4])
HDI (2010)
0.699[5] (tinggi / ke-73)
Real (R$) (BRL)
Mata wang
Zon waktu
BRT[6] (UTC-2 hingga -4[6])
- Musim panas (DST) BRST (UTC-2 hingga -4)
Format tarikh
dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Memandu pada
kanan
Kod panggilan
+55
Internet TLD
.br

Geograf
Rencana utama: Geografi Brazil

Peta topografi Brazil

Wilayah Brazil meliputi sebahagian kawasan besar sepanjang pantai timur Amerika Selatan,
dan merangkumi sebahagian besar pedalaman benua.[126] Brazil bersempadan darat dengan
Uruguay di selatan; Argentina dan Paraguay di barat daya; Bolivia dan Peru di barat;
Colombia di barat laut; dan Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana dan wilayah Guiana Perancis di
utara. Brazil bersempadan dengan setiap negara di Amerika Selatan kecuali Ecuador dan
Chile. Wilayah Brazil juga merangkumi beberapa kepulauan di lautan, seperti Fernando de
Noronha, Atol Rocas, Kepulauan St Peter dan St Paul, dan Trindade and Martim Vaz.[8] Saiz,
bentuk muka bumi, iklim, dan sumber alamnya menjadikan Brazil sebuah negara yang
berkepelbagaian geografi.[126] Termasuk sekali pulau-pulaunya di Lautan Altantik, Brazil
terletak di antara garisan lintang 6U dan 34S, dan garis bujur 28 dan 74B.
Brazil merupakan negara kelima terluas di dunia, mengekori Rusia, Kanada, China dan
Amerika Syarikat, dan juga yang ketiga terbesar di benua Amerika; dengan jumlah keluasan
8,514,876.599 square miles (22,053,429 km),[127] termasuk perairan seluas 55,455 square
miles (143,628 km).[8] Brazil dinaungi tiga zon waktu, iaitu UTC-4 di negeri-negeri barat,
UTC-3 di negeri-negeri timur (iaitu waktu rasmi seluruh Brazil) dan UTC-2 di kepulauan
Atlantik.[6]
Topografi Brazil ada kepelbagaian dan merangkumi bukit-bukau, gunung-ganang, dataran,
tanah tinggi, dan tanah semak. Kebanyakan rupa buminya terletak pada aras tinggi di antara
200 meter (660 ka) dan 800 meter (2,600 ka).[128] Kawasan tanah tinggi menguasai separuh
selatan negara ini.[128] Bahagian barat laut penara terdiri daripada rupa bumi yang luas dan
beralun-alun, dipecahkan oleh bukit-bukau yang pamah dan berbentuk kebundaran.[128]
Bahagian tenggaranya lebih berceranggah dengan rabung-rabung dan banjaran-banjaran
gunung setinggi 1,200 meter (3,900 ka).[128] Antara banjaran-banjaran tersebut termasuk
Pergunungan Mantiqueira, Pergunungan Espinhao dan Serra do Mar.[128] Di utara, Tanah
Tinggi Guiana membentuk sebuah legeh saliran besar yang memisahkan sungai-sungai yang
mengalir ke selatan hingga Lembangan Amazon dengan sungai-sungai yang mengalir ke
dalam sistem Sungai Orinoco di Venezuela di utara. Puncak tertinggi di Brazil terletak di Pico
da Neblina pada 2,994 meter (9,823 ka).[8]

Brazil mempunyai sistem sungai yang padat dan kompleks, antara yang paling luas di dunia
dengan lapan lembangan saliran utama, kelapan-lapannya mengalir ke dalam Lautan Atlantik.
[129]
Antara sungai-sungai utamanya termasuk Sungai Amazon (sungai kedua terpanjang di
dunia, dan terbesar dari segi isipadu air), Sungai Paran dan cawang utamanya, Iguau (yang
merangkumi Air Terjun Iguazu), Negro, So Francisco, Xingu, Madeira dan Tapajs.[129]
Population

202,656,788 (July 2014 est.)

0-14 years: 23.8% (male 24,534,129/female 23,606,332)
15-24 years: 16.5% (male 16,993,708/female 16,521,057)
Age structure
25-54 years: 43.7% (male 43,910,790/female 44,674,915)
55-64 years: 8.4% (male 8,067,022/female 9,036,519)
65 years and over: 7.6% (male 6,507,069/female 8,805,247) (2014 est.)
total dependency ratio: 45.8 %
youth dependency ratio: 34.4 %
Dependency ratios
elderly dependency ratio: 11.3 %
potential support ratio: 8.8 (2014 est.)
total: 30.7 years
Median age
male: 29.9 years
female: 31.5 years (2014 est.)
Population growth
0.8% (2014 est.)
rate
Birth rate
14.72 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Death rate
6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Net migration rate -0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
urban population: 84.6% of total population (2011)
Urbanization
rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Sao Paulo 19.924 million; Rio de Janeiro 11.96 million; Belo Horizonte
Major cities 5.487 million; Porto Alegre 3.933 million; Recife 3.733 million;
population
BRASILIA (capital) 3.813 million (2011)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
Sex ratio
25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2014 est.)
total: 19.21 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality
male: 22.47 deaths/1,000 live births
rate
female: 15.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)
total population: 73.28 years
Life expectancy at
male: 69.73 years
birth
female: 77 years (2014 est.)
Total fertility rate 1.79 children born/woman (2014 est.)
Contraceptive
80.3% (2006)
prevalence rate
HIV/AIDS - adult
NA
prevalence rate

HIV/AIDS - people
living with
NA
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS - deaths NA
improved:
urban: 99.7% of population
rural: 85.3% of population
Drinking water
total: 97.5% of population
source
unimproved:
urban: 0.3% of population
rural: 14.7% of population
total: 2.5% of population (2012 est.)
improved:
urban: 87% of population
rural: 49.2% of population
Sanitation facility total: 81.3% of population
access
unimproved:
urban: 13% of population
rural: 50.8% of population
total: 18.7% of population (2012 est.)
noun: Brazilian(s)
Nationality
adjective: Brazilian
white 47.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 43.1%, black 7.6%, Asian
Ethnic groups
1.1%, indigenous 0.4% (2010 est.)
Roman Catholic 64.6%, other Catholic 0.4%, Protestant 22.2% (includes
Adventist 6.5%, Assembly of God 2.0%, Christian Congregation of
Religions
Brazil 1.2%, Universal Kingdom of God 1.0%, other Protestant 11.5%),
other Christian 0.7%, Spiritist 2.2%, other 1.4%, none 8%, unspecified
0.4% (2010 est.)
Demographic
Brazil's rapid fertility decline since the 1960s is the main factor behind
profile
the country's slowing population growth rate, aging population, and fastpaced demographic transition. Brasilia has not taken full advantage of its
large working-age population to develop its human capital and
strengthen its social and economic institutions but is funding a study
abroad program to bring advanced skills back to the country. The current
favorable age structure will begin to shift around 2025, with the labor
force shrinking and the elderly starting to compose an increasing share of
the total population. Well-funded public pensions have nearly wiped out
poverty among the elderly, and Bolsa Familia and other social programs
have lifted tens of millions out of poverty. More than half of Brazil's
population is considered middle class, but poverty and income inequality
levels remain high; the Northeast, North, and Center-West, women, and
black, mixed race, and indigenous populations are disproportionately
affected. Disparities in opportunities foster social exclusion and
contribute to Brazil's high crime rate, particularly violent crime in cities
and favelas.
Brazil has traditionally been a net recipient of immigrants, with its
southeast being the prime destination. After the importation of African
slaves was outlawed in the mid-19th century, Brazil sought Europeans

(Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards, and Germans) and later Asians

(Japanese) to work in agriculture, especially coffee cultivation. Recent
immigrants come mainly from Argentina, Chile, and Andean countries
(many are unskilled illegal migrants) or are returning Brazilian nationals.
Since Brazil's economic downturn in the 1980s, emigration to the United
States, Europe, and Japan has been rising but is negligible relative to
Brazil's total population. The majority of these emigrants are welleducated and middle-class. Fewer Brazilian peasants are emigrating to
neighboring countries to take up agricultural work.
Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language)
note: less common languages include Spanish (border areas and
Languages
schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of
minor Amerindian languages
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90.4%
Literacy
male: 90.1%
female: 90.7% (2010 est.)
total number: 959,942
Child labor percentage: 3 %
children ages 5-14
note: data represents children ages 5-13 (2009 est.)
Education
5.8% of GDP (2010)
expenditures
Maternal mortality
56 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
rate
Children under the
age of 5 years
2.2% (2007)
underweight
Health
8.9% of GDP (2011)
expenditures
Physicians density 1.76 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Hospital bed
2.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)
density
Obesity - adult
18.8%
prevalence rate

Demographics
France
Population

Brazil

66,259,012
202,656,788 (July 2014 est.)
note: the above figure is for
metropolitan France and five
overseas regions; the
metropolitan France
population is 62,814,233 (July
2014 est.)

France

Brazil

Age structure 0-14 years: 18.7% (male

0.
6,337,877/female 6,053,185)
15-24 years: 11.9% (male
4,018,044/female 3,837,191)
25-54 years: 38.6% (male
12,851,278/female
12,719,073)
55-64 years: 12.5% (male
4,012,614/female 4,290,624)
65 years and over: 18.3%
(male 5,197,519/female
6,941,607) (2014 est.)
Median age

total: 40.9 years

male: 39.3 years
female: 42.4 years (2014
est.)

total: 30.7 years

male: 29.9 years
female: 31.5 years (2014 est.)

Population
growth rate

0.45% (2014 est.)

0.8% (2014 est.)

Birth rate

12.49 births/1,000 population 14.72 births/1,000 population (2014

(2014 est.)
est.)

Death rate

9.06 deaths/1,000 population 6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2014

(2014 est.)
est.)

Net
migration
rate

1.09 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2014 est.)

-0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population

(2014 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05
male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05
male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.01
male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.96
male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74
male(s)/female
total population: 0.96
male(s)/female (2014 est.)

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74
male(s)/female
total population: 0.98
male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Infant
mortality

total: 3.31 deaths/1,000 live total: 19.21 deaths/1,000 live births

births

France

Brazil

rate

male: 3.63 deaths/1,000 live male: 22.47 deaths/1,000 live births

births
female: 2.97 deaths/1,000 female: 15.78 deaths/1,000 live
live births (2014 est.)
births (2014 est.)

Life
expectancy
at birth

total population: 81.66

years
male: 78.55 years
female: 84.91 years (2014
est.)

total population: 73.28 years

male: 69.73 years
female: 77 years (2014 est.)

Total fertility 2.08 children born/woman

rate
(2014 est.)

1.79 children born/woman (2014

est.)

HIV/AIDS adult
prevalence
rate

0.4% (2009 est.)

NA

Nationality

noun: Frenchman(men),
Frenchwoman(women)
adjective: French

noun: Brazilian(s)
adjective: Brazilian

Ethnic groups Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, white 47.7%, mulatto (mixed white
Slavic, North African,
and black) 43.1%, black 7.6%, Asian
Indochinese, Basque
1.1%, indigenous 0.4% (2010 est.)
minorities
overseas departments:
black, white, mulatto, East
Indian, Chinese, Amerindian
HIV/AIDS 150,000 (2009 est.)
people living
with
HIV/AIDS

NA

Religions

Roman Catholic 64.6%, other

Catholic 0.4%, Protestant 22.2%
(includes Adventist 6.5%, Assembly
of God 2.0%, Christian Congregation
of Brazil 1.2%, Universal Kingdom of
God 1.0%, other Protestant 11.5%),
other Christian 0.7%, Spiritist 2.2%,
other 1.4%, none 8%, unspecified
0.4% (2010 est.)

Roman Catholic 83%-88%,

Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%,
Muslim 5%-10%, unaffiliated
4%
overseas departments:
Roman Catholic, Protestant,
Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist,
pagan

France

Brazil

HIV/AIDS deaths

1,700 (2009 est.)

Languages

French (official) 100%, rapidly Portuguese (official and most widely

declining regional dialects
spoken language)
and languages (Provencal,
note: less common languages
Breton, Alsatian, Corsican,
include Spanish (border areas and
Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
schools), German, Italian, Japanese,
overseas departments:
English, and a large number of minor
French, Creole patois,
Amerindian languages
Mahorian (a Swahili dialect)

Literacy

defnition: age 15 and over

can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)

Education
5.9% of GDP (2010)
expenditures

NA

defnition: age 15 and over can

read and write
total population: 90.4%
male: 90.1%
female: 90.7% (2010 est.)
5.8% of GDP (2010)

Urbanization urban population: 85.8% of urban population: 84.6% of total

total population (2011)
population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 1.1% rate of urbanization: 1.15%
annual rate of change (2010- annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
15 est.)
Drinking
improved:
water source urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2012
est.)

improved:
urban: 99.7% of population
rural: 85.3% of population
total: 97.5% of population
unimproved:
urban: 0.3% of population
rural: 14.7% of population
total: 2.5% of population (2012 est.)

Sanitation
facility
access

improved:
urban: 87% of population
rural: 49.2% of population
total: 81.3% of population
unimproved:
urban: 13% of population
rural: 50.8% of population
total: 18.7% of population (2012
est.)

improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2012
est.)

Major cities - PARIS (capital) 10.62 million; Sao Paulo 19.924 million; Rio de

France

Brazil

population

Marseille-Aix-en-Provence
14,890,100; Lyon 1.488
million; Lille 1.042 million;
Nice-Cannes 991,000;
Toulouse 933,000 (2011)

Janeiro 11.96 million; Belo Horizonte

5.487 million; Porto Alegre 3.933
million; Recife 3.733 million;
BRASILIA (capital) 3.813 million
(2011)

Maternal
mortality
rate

8 deaths/100,000 live births

(2010)

56 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Health
11.6% of GDP (2011)
expenditures

8.9% of GDP (2011)

Physicians
density

1.76 physicians/1,000 population

(2008)

3.38 physicians/1,000
population (2011)

Hospital bed 6.6 beds/1,000 population

density
(2010)

2.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Obesity adult
prevalence
rate

18.8% (2008)

18.2% (2008)

Contraceptiv 76.4%
e prevalence note: percent of women
rate
aged 20-49 (2008)

80.3% (2006)

Dependency total dependency ratio:

ratios
57.4 %
youth dependency ratio:
28.6 %
elderly dependency ratio:
28.8 %
potential support ratio:
3.5 (2014 est.)

total dependency ratio: 45.8 %

youth dependency ratio: 34.4 %
elderly dependency ratio: 11.3 %
potential support ratio: 8.8 (2014
est.)

Economy
France
Economy overview

Brazil

The French economy is

Characterized by large and welldiversified across all sectors.
developed agricultural, mining,
The government has partially or manufacturing, and service
fully privatized many large
sectors, and a rapidly expanding
companies, including Air
middle class, Brazil's economy
France, France Telecom,
outweighs that of all other South

France

Brazil

Renault, and Thales. However, American countries, and Brazil is

the government maintains a
expanding its presence in world
strong presence in some
markets. Since 2003, Brazil has
sectors, particularly power,
steadily improved its
public transport, and defense
macroeconomic stability,
industries. With at least 82
building up foreign reserves,
million foreign tourists per year, and reducing its debt profile by
France is the most visited
shifting its debt burden toward
country in the world and
real denominated and
maintains the third largest
domestically held instruments.
income in the world from
In 2008, Brazil became a net
tourism. France's leaders
external creditor and two ratings
remain committed to a
agencies awarded investment
capitalism in which they
grade status to its debt. After
maintain social equity by
strong growth in 2007 and 2008,
means of laws, tax policies, and the onset of the global financial
social spending that mitigate
crisis hit Brazil in 2008. Brazil
economic inequality. France's
experienced two quarters of
real GDP stagnated in 2012 and recession, as global demand for
2013. The unemployment rate Brazil's commodity-based
(including overseas territories) exports dwindled and external
increased from 7.8% in 2008 to credit dried up. However, Brazil
10.2% in 2013. Youth
was one of the first emerging
unemployment in metropolitan markets to begin a recovery. In
France decreased from a high of 2010, consumer and investor
25.4% in the fourth quarter of confidence revived and GDP
2012 to 22.8% in the fourth
growth reached 7.5%, the
quarter of 2013. Lower-thanhighest growth rate in the past
expected growth and high
25 years. Rising inflation led the
spending have strained France's authorities to take measures to
public finances. The budget
cool the economy; these actions
deficit rose sharply from 3.3% and the deteriorating
of GDP in 2008 to 7.5% of GDP international economic situation
in 2009 before improving to
slowed growth in 2011-13.
4.1% of GDP in 2013, while
Unemployment is at historic
France's public debt rose from lows and Brazil's traditionally
68% of GDP to nearly 94% over high level of income inequality
the same period. In accordance has declined for each of the last
with its EU obligations, France is 14 years. Brazil's historically
targeting a deficit of 3.6% of
high interest rates have made it
GDP in 2014 and 2.8% in 2015. an attractive destination for
The administration of President foreign investors. Large capital
Francois HOLLANDE has
inflows over the past several
implemented greater state
years have contributed to the
support for employment, the
appreciation of the currency,

France

Brazil

separation of banks' traditional hurting the competitiveness of

deposit taking and lending
Brazilian manufacturing and
activities from more speculative leading the government to
businesses, increasing the top intervene in foreign exchange
corporate and personal tax
markets and raise taxes on
rates, including a temporary
some foreign capital inflows.
75% tax on wages over one
President Dilma ROUSSEFF has
million euros, and hiring an
retained the previous
additional 60,000 teachers
administration's commitment to
during his five-year term. In
inflation targeting by the central
January 2014 HOLLANDE
bank, a floating exchange rate,
proposed a Responsibility Pact and fiscal restraint.
aimed primarily at lowering
labor costs in return for
businesses commitment to
create jobs. Despite stagnant
growth and fiscal challenges,
France's borrowing costs have
declined in recent years
because investors remain
attracted to the liquidity of
Frances bonds.
GDP
(purchasing
power parity)

$2.276 trillion (2013 est.)

$2.269 trillion (2012 est.)
$2.268 trillion (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US
dollars

$2.416 trillion (2013 est.)

$2.362 trillion (2012 est.)
$2.342 trillion (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US
dollars

GDP - real
growth rate

0.3% (2013 est.)

0% (2012 est.)
2% (2011 est.)

2.3% (2013 est.)

0.9% (2012 est.)
2.7% (2011 est.)

GDP - per
capita (PPP)

$35,700 (2013 est.)

$35,800 (2012 est.)
$36,000 (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US
dollars

$12,100 (2013 est.)

$11,900 (2012 est.)
$11,900 (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US
dollars

GDP agriculture: 1.9%

composition by industry: 18.7%
sector
services: 79.4% (2013 est.)

agriculture: 5.5%
industry: 26.4%
services: 68.1%
(2013 est.)

Population
7.9% (2011)
below poverty
line

21.4%
note: official Brazilian data
show 4.2% of the population

France

Brazil
being below the "extreme"
poverty line in 2011 (2009 est.)

Household
lowest 10%: 3.5%
income or
highest 10%: 25.4% (2011)
consumption
by percentage
share

lowest 10%: 0.8%

highest 10%: 42.9% (2009
est.)

Inflation rate
(consumer
prices)

0.9% (2013 est.)

2% (2012 est.)

6.2% (2013 est.)

5.4% (2012 est.)

Labor force

29.94 million (2013 est.)

107.3 million (2013 est.)

Labor force agriculture: 2.9%

by occupation industry: 20.6%
services: 76.4% (2012 est.)

agriculture: 15.7%
industry: 13.3%
services: 71%
(2011 est.)

Unemployment 10.2% (2013 est.)

rate
10.2% (2012 est.)
note: includes overseas
territories

5.7% (2013 est.)

5.5% (2012 est.)

Distribution of 30.6 (2011)

family income - 27.9 (1996)
Gini index

51.9 (2012)
55.3 (2001)

Budget

revenues: $1.41 trillion

expenditures: $1.522 trillion
(2013 est.)

revenues: $851.1 billion

expenditures: $815.6 billion
(2013 est.)

Industries

machinery, chemicals,
automobiles, metallurgy,
aircraft, electronics; textiles,
food processing; tourism

textiles, shoes, chemicals,

cement, lumber, iron ore, tin,
steel, aircraft, motor vehicles
and parts, other machinery and
equipment

Industrial
production
growth rate

-0.4% (2013 est.)

3% (2013 est.)

Agriculture products

wheat, cereals, sugar beets,

potatoes, wine grapes; beef,
dairy products; fish

coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice,

corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus;
beef

Exports

$578.6 billion (2013 est.)

$244.8 billion (2013 est.)

France

Brazil

$567.1 billion (2012 est.)

$242.6 billion (2012 est.)

Exports commodities

machinery and transportation

equipment, aircraft, plastics,
chemicals, pharmaceutical
products, iron and steel,
beverages

transport equipment, iron ore,

soybeans, footwear, coffee,
autos

Exports partners

Germany 16.7%, Belgium 7.5%, China 17%, US 11.1%, Argentina

Italy 7.5%, Spain 6.9%, UK
7.4%, Netherlands 6.2% (2012)
6.9%, US 5.6%, Netherlands
4.3% (2012)

Imports

$659.8 billion (2013 est.)

$653.4 billion (2012 est.)

$241.4 billion (2013 est.)

$223.2 billion (2012 est.)

Imports commodities

machinery and equipment,

vehicles, crude oil, aircraft,
plastics, chemicals

machinery, electrical and

transport equipment, chemical
products, oil, automotive parts,
electronics

Imports partners

Germany 19.5%, Belgium

China 15.3%, US 14.6%,
11.3%, Italy 7.6%, Netherlands Argentina 7.4%, Germany 6.4%,
7.4%, Spain 6.6%, UK 5.1%,
South Korea 4.1% (2012)
China 4.9% (2012)

Debt - external $5.371 trillion (31 December

2012 est.)
$5.004 trillion (31 December
2011)

$475.9 billion (31 December

2013 est.)
$438.9 billion (31 December
2012 est.)

Exchange rates euros (EUR) per US dollar 0.7634 (2013 est.)

0.7752 (2012 est.)
0.755 (2010 est.)
0.7198 (2009 est.)
0.6827 (2008 est.)

reals (BRL) per US dollar 2.153 (2013 est.)

1.9546 (2012 est.)
1.7592 (2010 est.)
2 (2009)
1.8644 (2008)

Fiscal year

calendar year

calendar year

Public debt

93.4% of GDP (2013 est.)

59.2% of GDP (2013 est.)
90.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
58.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
note: data cover general
government debt, and includes
debt instruments issued (or
owned) by government entities
other than the treasury; the
data include treasury debt held

France

Brazil

by foreign entities; the data

include debt issued by
subnational entities, as well as
intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of
treasury borrowings from
surpluses in the social funds,
such as for retirement, medical
care, and unemployment; debt
instruments for the social funds
are not sold at public auctions
Reserves of
foreign
exchange and
gold

$198.7 billion (31 December

2012 est.)
$188.4 billion (31 December
2011 est.)

$378.3 billion (31 December

2013 est.)
$373.1 billion (31 December
2012 est.)

Current
Account
Balance

-$58.97 billion (2013 est.)

-$45.22 billion (2012 est.)

-$77.63 billion (2013 est.)

-$54.23 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (official
$2.739 trillion (2013 est.)
exchange rate)

$2.19 trillion (2013 est.)

Stock of direct
foreign
investment - at
home

$1.103 trillion (31 December

2013 est.)
$1.095 trillion (31 December
2012 est.)

$663.3 billion (31 December

2013 est.)
$604.5 billion (31 December
2012 est.)

Stock of direct
foreign
investment abroad

$1.489 trillion (31 December

2013 est.)
$1.497 trillion (31 December
2012 est.)

$179.6 billion (31 December

2013 est.)
$177.1 billion (31 December
2012 est.)

Market value of $1.762 trillion (31 December

publicly traded 2012 est.)
shares
$1.538 trillion (31 December
2011)
$1.983 trillion (31 December
2010 est.)

$1.23 trillion (31 December

2012 est.)
$1.229 trillion (31 December
2011)
$1.546 trillion (31 December
2010 est.)

Central bank
discount rate

0.75% (31 December 2013)

10% (31 December 2013 est.)
1.75% (31 December 2010)
11% (31 December 2011 est.)
note: this is the European
Central Bank's rate on the
marginal lending facility, which
offers overnight credit to banks

France

Brazil

in the euro area

Commercial
bank prime
lending rate

3.1% (31 December 2013 est.) 26.9% (31 December 2013 est.)
3.44% (31 December 2012 est.) 36.64% (31 December 2012
est.)

Stock of
$3.687 trillion (31 December
domestic credit 2013 est.)
$3.631 trillion (31 December
2012 est.)

$2.435 trillion (31 December

2013 est.)
$2.381 trillion (31 December
2012 est.)

Stock of narrow $810.1 billion (31 December

money
2013 est.)
$738.8 billion (31 December
2012 est.)
note: see entry for the
European Union for money
supply in the euro area; the
European Central Bank (ECB)
controls monetary policy for the
17 members of the Economic
and Monetary Union (EMU);
individual members of the EMU
do not control the quantity of
money circulating within their
own borders

$157.6 billion (31 December

2013 est.)
$159.1 billion (31 December
2012 est.)

Stock of broad $2.299 trillion (31 December

money
2013 est.)
$2.273 trillion (31 December
2012 est.)

$870.8 billion (31 December

2013 est.)
$863.5 billion (31 December
2012 est.)

Taxes and
51.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
other revenues

38.9% of GDP (2013 est.)

Budget surplus -4.1% of GDP (2013 est.)

(+) or deficit (-)

1.6% of GDP (2013 est.)

Unemployment total: 23.8%

, youth ages
male: 23.9%
15-24
female: 23.7% (2012)

total: 15.4%
male: 12.2%
female: 19.8% (2011)

GDP composition,
by end use

household consumption:
62.5%
government consumption:
21.7%
investment in fxed capital:
18.3%

household consumption:
57.6%
government consumption:
25.1%
investment in fxed capital:
18.7%

France
investment in inventories:
0.1%
exports of goods and
services: 27.3%
imports of goods and
services: -28.8%
(2013 est.)
Gross national 18.2% of GDP (2013 est.)
saving
17.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
19% of GDP (2011 est.)

Country name

Government
type
Capital

France
conventional long form: French
Republic
conventional short form: France
local long form: Republique
francaise
local short form: France
republic

Brazil
investment in inventories:
0%
exports of goods and
services: 12.4%
imports of goods and
services: -14.9%
(2013 est.)
14.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
15.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
17.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Brazil
conventional long form: Federative
Republic of Brazil
conventional short form: Brazil
local long form: Republica Federativa
do Brasil
local short form: Brasil
federal republic

name: Paris
name: Brasilia
geographic coordinates: 48 52 N, geographic coordinates: 15 47 S, 47
2 20 E
55 W
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead
ahead of Washington, DC, during of Washington, DC, during Standard
Standard Time)
Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins daylight saving time: +1hr, begins
last Sunday in March; ends last
third Sunday in October; ends third
Sunday in October
Sunday in February
note: applies to metropolitan
note: Brazil has three time zones,
France only, not to its overseas
including one for the Fernando de
departments, collectivities, or
Noronha Islands
territories
Administrative 27 regions (regions, singular 26 states (estados, singular - estado) and
divisions
region); Alsace, Aquitaine,
1 federal district* (distrito federal);
Auvergne, Basse-Normandie
Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas,
(Lower Normandy), Bourgogne
Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito
(Burgundy), Bretagne (Brittany), Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso,
Centre, Champagne-Ardenne,
Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais,
Corse (Corsica), Franche-Comte, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco,
Guadeloupe, Guyane (French
Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do
Guiana), Haute-Normandie (Upper Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia,
Normandy), Ile-de-France,
Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo,
Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Sergipe, Tocantins
Lorraine, Martinique, Mayotte,

France
Brazil
Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-deCalais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie,
Poitou-Charentes, Provence-AlpesCote d'Azur, Reunion, RhoneAlpes
note: France is divided into 22
metropolitan regions (including the
"territorial collectivity" of Corse or
Corsica) and 5 overseas regions
(French Guiana, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Mayotte, and
Reunion) and is subdivided into 96
metropolitan departments and 5
overseas departments (which are
the same as the overseas regions)
Independence no official date of independence: 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
486 (Frankish tribes unified under
Merovingian kingship); 10 August
843 (Western Francia established
from the division of the
Carolingian Empire); 14 July 1789
(French monarchy overthrown); 22
September 1792 (First French
Republic founded); 4 October
1958 (Fifth French Republic
established)
National holiday Fete de la Federation, 14 July
Independence Day, 7 September (1822)
(1790); note - although often
incorrectly referred to as Bastille
Day, the celebration actually
commemorates the holiday held on
the first anniversary of the
storming of the Bastille (on 14 July
1789) and the establishment of a
constitutional monarchy; other
names for the holiday are Fete
Nationale (National Holiday) and
quatorze juillet (14th of July)
Constitution
4 October 1958 (French
several previous; latest ratified 5
Constitution) (2013)
October 1988; amended many times,
last in 2012 (2012)
Legal system
civil law; review of administrative civil law; note - a new civil law code
but not legislative acts
was enacted in 2002 replacing the 1916
code
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
voluntary between 16 to under 18 years
of age and over 70; compulsory 18 to 70
years of age; note - military conscripts
by law cannot vote

Executive
branch

Legislative
branch

France
Brazil
chief of state: President Francois chief of state: President Dilma
HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012) ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011);
Vice President Michel Miguel Elias
head of government: Prime
TEMER Lulia (since 1 January 2011);
Minister Manuel VALLS (since 1 note - the president is both chief of state
April 2014)
and head of government
cabinet: Council of Ministers
head of government: President Dilma
appointed by the president at the ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011);
suggestion of the prime minister Vice President Michel Miguel Elias
elections: president elected by
TEMER Lulia (since 1 January 2011)
popular vote for a five-year term cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the
(eligible for a second term);
president
election last held on 22 April and 6 elections: president and vice president
May 2012 (next to be held in the elected on the same ticket by popular
spring of 2017); prime minister
vote for a single four-year term; election
appointed by the president
last held on 3 October 2010 with runoff
election results: Francois
on 31 October 2010 (next to be held on
HOLLANDE elected; first round: 5 October 2014 and, if necessary, a
percent of vote - Francois
runoff election on 26 October 2014)
HOLLANDE 28.6%, Nicolas
election results: Dilma ROUSSEFF
SARKOZY 27.2%, Marine LE
(PT) elected president in a runoff
PEN 17.9%, Jean-Luc
election; percent of vote - Dilma
MELENCHON 11.1%, Francois ROUSSEFF 56.01%, Jose SERRA
BAYROU, 9.1%, others 6.1%;
(PSDB) 43.99%
second round: HOLLANDE
51.6%, SARKOZY 48.4%
bicameral Parliament or Parlement bicameral National Congress or
consists of the Senate or Senat
Congresso Nacional consists of the
(348 seats; 328 for metropolitan Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81
France and overseas departments, seats; 3 members from each state and
2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French federal district elected according to the
Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and principle of majority to serve eight-year
Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, terms; one-third and two-thirds of
1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and members elected every four years,
Futuna, and 12 for French
alternately) and the Chamber of
nationals abroad; members
Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513
indirectly elected by an electoral seats; members are elected by
college to serve six-year terms;
proportional representation to serve
one third elected every three
four-year terms)
years); and the National Assembly elections: Federal Senate - last held on
or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats; 3 October 2010 for two-thirds of the
555 for metropolitan France, 15 for Senate (next to be held in October 2014
overseas departments, 7 for
for one-third of the Senate); Chamber of
overseas dependencies; members Deputies - last held on 3 October 2010
elected by popular vote under a
(next to be held in October 2014)
single-member majority system to election results: Federal Senate serve five-year terms)
percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
elections: Senate - last held on 25 party - PMDB 19, PT 15, PSDB 11,
September 2011 (next to be held in DEM (formerly PFL) 7, PTB 6, PP 4,

France
Brazil
September 2014); National
PDT 4, PR 4, PSB 3, PCdoB 2, PSOL 2,
Assembly - last held on 10 and 17 other 4; Chamber of Deputies - percent
June 2012 (next to be held in June of vote by party - NA; seats by party 2017)
PT 88, PMDB 79, PSDB 53, DEM
election results: Senate - percent (formerly PFL) 43, PP 41, PR 41, PSB
of vote by party - NA; seats by
34, PDT 28, PTB 21, PSC 17, PCdoB
party - PS/Greens 140, UMP 132, 15, PPS 12, PPS 12, PRB 8, PMN 4,
UDF 31, PCF/MRC 21, PRG 17, PSOL 3, other 26
other 7; National Assembly percent of vote by party - PS
48.5%, UMP 33.6%,
miscellaneous left wing parties
3.8%, Greens 3.0%, miscellaneous
right wing parties 2.6%, NC 2.1%,
PRG 2.1%, FDG 1.7%, other
2.6%; seats by party - PS 280,
UMP 194, miscellaneous left wing
parties 22, Greens 17,
miscellaneous right wing parties
15, NC 12, PRG 12, FDG 10, other
15
Judicial branch highest court(s): Court of
highest court(s): Supreme Federal
Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Court (consists of 11 justices)
(consists of the court president, 6 judge selection and term of office:
divisional presiding judges, 120
justices appointed by the president and
trial judges, and 70 deputy judges approved by the Federal Senate; justices
organized into 6 divisions - 3 civil, appointed to serve until mandatory
1 commercial, 1 labor, and 1
retirement at age 70
criminal); Constitutional Council subordinate courts: Federal Appeals
(consists of 9 members)
Court, Superior Court of Justice,
judge selection and term of
Superior Electoral Court, regional
office: Court of Cassation judges federal courts; state court system
appointed by the president of the
republic from nominations from
the High Council of the Judiciary,
presided by the Court of Cassation
and 15 appointed members; judge
term of appointment NA;
Constitutional Council members
appointed - 3 by the president of
the republic and 3 each by the
National Assembly and Senate
presidents; members serve 9-year,
non-renewable terms with one
third of the membership renewed
every 3 years
subordinate courts: appellate
courts or Cour d'Appel; regional
courts or Tribunal de Grande

France
Brazil
Instance; first instance courts or
Tribunal' d'instance
Political parties Europe Ecology - The Greens or Brazilian Communist Party or PCB
and leaders
EELV [Emmanuelle COSSE]
[Ivan Martins PINHEIRO]
French Communist Party or PCF Brazilian Democratic Movement Party
[Pierre LAURENT]
or PMDB [Michel TEMER]
Left Front Coalition or FDG [Jean- Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Benito
Luc MELENCHON]
GAMA]
Left Party or PG [Jean-Luc
Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB
MELENCHON and Martine
[Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz]
BILLARD]
Brazilian Republican Party or PRB
Left Radical Party or PRG [Jean- [Marcos Antonio PEREIRA]
Michel BAYLET] (previously
Brazilian Social Democracy Party or
Radical Socialist Party or PRS and PSDB [Aecio NEVES]
the Left Radical Movement or
Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB
MRG)
[Eduardo CAMPOS]
Movement for France or MPF
Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel
[Philippe DE VILLIERS]
TOURINHO]
National Front or FN [Marine LE Christian Social Democratic Party or
PEN]
PSDC [Jose Maria EYMAEL]
New Anticapitalist Party or NPA Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB
[collective leadership; main
[Jose Renato RABELO]
spokesperson Christine POUPIN] Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos
New Center or NC [Herve
Roberto LUPI]
MORIN]
the Democrats or DEM [Jose
Radical Party [Jean-Louis
AGRIPINO] (formerly Liberal Front
BORLOO]
Party or PFL)
Rally for France or RPF [Charles Free Homeland Party or PPL [Sergio
PASQUA]
RUBENS]
Republican and Citizen Movement Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz PENNA]
or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT]
Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS
Socialist Party or PS [Haerlem
[Eduardo MACHADO]
DESIR]
Labor Party of Brazil or PTdoB [Luis
United Republic or RS
Henrique de Oliveira RESENDE]
[Dominique DE VILLEPIN]
National Ecologic Party or PEN
Union for a Popular Movement or [Adilson Barroso OLIVEIRA]
UMP [Jean-Francois COPE]
National Labor Party or PTN [Jose
Union des Democrates et
Masci de ABREU]
Independants or UDI [Jean-Louis National Mobilization Party or PMN
BORLOO] and Democratic
[Oscar Noronha FILHO]
Movement or MoDem [Francois Party of the Republic or PR [Alfredo
BAYROU] (previously Union for NASCIMENTO]
French Democracy or UDF);
Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Roberto
together known as UDI-Modem Joao Pereira FREIRE]
Worker's Struggle (Lutte Ouvriere) Progressive Party or PP [Ciro
or LO [collective leadership;
NOGUEIRA]
spokespersons Nathalie
Progressive Republican Party or PRP
ARTHAUD and Arlette
[Ovasco Roma Altimari RESENDE]
LAQUILLER]
Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor

France

Brazil
Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS]
Social Democratic Party or PSD
[Gilberto KASSAB]
Social Liberal Party or PSL [Luciano
Caldas BIVAR]
Socialism and Freedom Party or PSOL
[Luiz ARAUJO]
United Socialist Workers' Party or
PSTU [Jose Maria DE ALMEIDA]
Workers' Cause Party or PCO [Rui
Costa PIMENTA]
Workers' Party or PT [Rui FALCAO]
Political
Confederation Francaise
Landless Workers' Movement or MST
pressure groups Democratique du Travail (French other: industrial federations; labor
and leaders
Democratic Confederation of
unions and federations; large farmers'
Labor) or CFDT, left-leaning labor associations; religious groups including
union with approximately 875,000 evangelical Christian churches and the
members [Laurent BERGER,
Catholic Church
Secretary General]
Confederation francaise de
l'encadrement - Confederation
generale des cadres (French
Confederation of Management General Confederation of
Executives) or CFE-CGC,
independent white-collar union
with 140,000 members [Carole
COUVERT, president]
Confederation francaise des
travailleurs chretiens (French
Confederation of Christian
Workers) or CFTC, independent
labor union founded by Catholic
workers that claims 142,000
members [Philippe LOUIS,
president]
Confederation generale du travail
(General Confederation of Labor)
or CGT, historically communist
labor union with approximately
710,000 members [Bernard
THIBAULT, secretary general]
Confederation generale du travail Force ouvriere (General
Confederation of Labor - Worker's
Force) or FO, independent labor
union with an estimated 300,000
members [Jean-Claude MAILLY,
secretary general]

France
Mouvement des entreprises de
France or MEDEF, employers'
union with 750,000 companies as
members (claimed) [Pierre
GATTAZ, president]

Brazil

French Guiana:
conservationists
gold mining pressure groups
hunting pressure groups
Guadeloupe:
Christian Movement for the
Liberation of Guadeloupe or
KLPG
General Federation of Guadeloupe
Workers or CGT-G
General Union of Guadeloupe
Workers or UGTG
Movement for an Independent
Guadeloupe or MPGI
The Socialist Renewal Movement
Martinique:
Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance
or ARC
Central Union for Martinique
Workers or CSTM
Frantz Fanon Circle
League of Workers and Peasants
Proletarian Action Group or GAP

International
organization
participation

Reunion:
NA
ADB (nonregional member),
AfDB (nonregional member),
Arctic Council (observer),
Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS,
BSEC (observer), CBSS
(observer), CE, CERN, EAPC,
EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI
(implementing country), EMU,
ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, FZ, G-20,
G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC
(national committees), ICRM,
IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF,
IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC,

AfDB (nonregional member), BIS,

BRICS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC,
CPLP, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24,
G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC
(national committees), ICRM, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,
IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,
ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES,
LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur,
MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH,
NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OECD
(Enhanced Engagement, OPANAL,
OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA,
SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP,

France
Brazil
IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union
(NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO,
Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL,
MINUSMA, MINUSTAH,
UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO,
MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO,
OAS (observer), OECD, OIF,
WIPO, WMO, WTO
OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance
(observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF
(partner), Schengen Convention,
SELEC (observer), SPC, UN, UN
Security Council, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMIL,
UNOCI, UNRWA, UNSC
(permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO,
UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs),
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic
chief of mission: Ambassador
chief of mission: Ambassador Mauro
representation in Francois M. DELATTRE (since 18 Luiz Iecker VIEIRA (since 11 January
the US
February 2011)
2010)
chancery: 4101 Reservoir Road chancery: 3006 Massachusetts Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20007
NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 944-6000
telephone: [1] (202) 238-2805
FAX: [1] (202) 944-6166
FAX: [1] (202) 238-2827
consulate(s) general: Atlanta,
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston,
Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los
Chicago, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los
Angeles, Miami, New Orleans,
Angeles, Miami, New York, San
New York, San Francisco
Francisco
Diplomatic
chief of mission: Ambassador
chief of mission: Ambassador Liliana
representation (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mark AYALDE (since 1 August 2013)
from the US
A. TAPLIN; note - also accredited embassy: Avenida das Nacoes, Quadra
to Monaco
801, Lote 3, Distrito Federal Cep
embassy: 2 Avenue Gabriel, 75382 70403-900, Brasilia
Paris Cedex 08
mailing address: Unit 7500, DPO, AA
mailing address: PSC 116, APO 34030
AE 09777
telephone: [55] (61) 3312-7000
telephone: [33] (1) 43-12-22-22 FAX: [55] (61) 3225-9136
FAX: [33] (1) 42 66 97 83
consulate(s) general: Rio de Janeiro,
consulate(s) general: Marseille, Sao Paulo
Strasbourg
consulate(s): Recife
Flag description three equal vertical bands of blue green with a large yellow diamond in
(hoist side), white, and red; known the center bearing a blue celestial globe
as the "Le drapeau tricolore"
with 27 white five-pointed stars; the
(French Tricolor), the origin of the globe has a white equatorial band with
flag dates to 1790 and the French the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO
Revolution when the "ancient
(Order and Progress); the current flag
French color" of white was
was inspired by the banner of the former
combined with the blue and red
Empire of Brazil (1822-1889); on the
colors of the Parisian militia; the imperial flag, the green represented the
official flag for all French
House of Braganza of Pedro I, the first

France
dependent areas
note: the design and/or colors are
similar to a number of other flags,
including those of Belgium, Chad,
Cote d'Ivoire, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, and Netherlands

Brazil
Emperor of Brazil, while the yellow
stood for the Habsburg Family of his
wife; on the modern flag the green
represents the forests of the country and
the yellow rhombus its mineral wealth;
the blue circle and stars, which replaced
the coat of arms of the original flag,
depict the sky over Rio de Janeiro on
the morning of 15 November 1889 - the
day the Republic of Brazil was
declared; the number of stars has
changed with the creation of new states
and has risen from an original 21 to the
current 27 (one for each state and the
Federal District)
National anthem name: "La Marseillaise" (The
name: "Hino Nacional Brasileiro"
Song of Marseille)
(Brazilian National Anthem)
lyrics/music: Claude-Joseph
lyrics/music: Joaquim Osorio Duque
ROUGET de Lisle
ESTRADA/Francisco Manoel DA
note: adopted 1795, restored 1870; SILVA
originally known as "Chant de
note: music adopted 1890, lyrics
Guerre pour l'Armee du Rhin"
adopted 1922; the anthem's music,
(War Song for the Army of the
composed in 1822, was used
Rhine), the National Guard of
unofficially for many years before it
Marseille made the song famous was adopted
by singing it while marching into
Paris in 1792 during the French
Revolutionary Wars
International
has not submitted an ICJ
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction
law organization jurisdiction declaration; accepts
declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
participation
ICCt jurisdiction